DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Histories: a Student Journal’ Is an Open-Access Bi-Annual Journal Founded in 2015 by Students of the M.A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Histories: a Student Journal’ Is an Open-Access Bi-Annual Journal Founded in 2015 by Students of the M.A Global histories a student journal Manuscripts Don’t Burn: The Master and Margarita as a Case Study of Samizdat in an Extra Gutenberg Culture Author: Julia Boechat Machado DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/GHSJ.2019.331 Source: Global Histories, Vol. 5, No. 2 (November 2019), pp. 24-38. ISSN: 2366-780X Copyright © 2019 Julia Boechat Machado License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Publisher information: ‘Global Histories: A Student Journal’ is an open-access bi-annual journal founded in 2015 by students of the M.A. program Global History at Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ‘Global Histories’ is published by an editorial board of Global History students in association with the Freie Universität Berlin. Freie Universität Berlin Global Histories: A Student Journal Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut Koserstraße 20 14195 Berlin Contact information: For more information, please consult our website www.globalhistories.com or contact the editor at: [email protected]. Manuscripts don’t burn: The Master and Margarita as a case study of Samizdat in an Extra Gutenberg Culture by JULIA BOECHAT MACHADO Julia Boechat Machado | Manuscripts don’t burn 25 VI - 2 - 2019 | The Master and Margarita Global Histories: a student journal ABSTRACT New methods and theoretical approaches to the study of Samizdat - self-publishing and autonomous circulation of texts in the Soviet Union - have been challenging the traditional views that portray it as a mere form of dissident activity. classified it as an a study by Historian Ann Komaromi Recently, because distinct from “print culture” Gutenberg culture, extra its characteristics of standardization, dissemination and it lacks Samizdat, in comparison, was spontaneously copied and fixity. distributed, and even altered by anonymous volunteers, and Other oppositions for too long by its instability. was marked used in the study of Samizdat are also becoming obsolete: Stalinism official publishers and culture versus dissidents, or novel Bulgakov’s versus the Thaw. is an interesting case study for new perspectives in Samizdat being because it was part of official and unofficial culture, officially published, circulating as Samizdat, and becoming the inspiration of a collection of thousands of graffiti that It was also relevant in different phases appeared in Moscow. when it was written, to the late from Stalinism, of Soviet history, Soviet years when it gained cult status. When the novel was published, censors did not cut parts that showed an ideology opposite to Soviet ideas of religion, the part of the novel that could more easily be regarded as dissident, but references When the novel started to the housing crisis and to nudity. circulating as a Samizdat, with the censored parts taped of the official institutions, showing to it, it made a mockery of the unreliability of its publication system, the existence censorship and its pettiness, and how the same deficiencies the author satirized remained common in the Soviet Union The case study will therefore show how the twenty years later. new perspectives in the study of Samizdat give insight into the wider political implications of a work of fiction. n r u trial would soon also receive wide b INTRODUCTION t ’ n circulation as Samizdat. o d Samizdat and related The second part is dedicated s t p i r practices were present in several to practices and examples in c s u different epochs of the Soviet Union, Samizdat through a literature review. n a even if with different intensity and Historian Ann Komaromi’s work was M | focus. The mere importance given one of the main sources, with special o d a to the censorship and publishing regard to her concept of Samizdat h c a of literary and poetic text can be as an extra-Gutenberg culture, M t a enriching in order to analyze Russian examining common characteristics h c e cultural history. it has with the beginning of “print o B With this purpose, this culture”, before the standardization, a i l u paper is divided in three sections. dissemination and fixity that we J The first one tells a brief history of see as typical of print culture had Samizdat, focusing on its origins occurred. I also look into the modern and development throughout the critiques to the opposition between twentieth century. Even though the the studies of Samizdat as an practice can be traced at least to instrument for spreading literature the beginning of the Revolution, the and as a vehicle for dissident activity. self-publishing of literature became Distributing censored literature can more common during the Thaw. be seen as a political act, even if the At the same time that this brief novel itself is not overtly political, phase of a politically liberalizing and for this reason the opposition is atmosphere allowed poet Evgueni reductionist and has been challenged Evtushenko to read his poetry in in more recent works. stadiums and young people to meet The third part presents in Moscow under Pushkin’s statue the mentioned case-study, the to read poetry, Doctor Zhivago was publication of the novel The Master censored and then smuggled abroad and Margarita decades after it had to be published. The very event - been written. The novel quickly considered to put an end to the Thaw became part of the official culture, - is related to the Samizdat publishing being published in a magazine of fiction: the Siniavsky-Daniel just after the Siniavsky-Daniel trial, trial, marking the first time writers and unofficial culture, circulating were convicted for writing works of as Samizdat and inspiring popular fiction since the show trials of the expressions and thousands of Stalinist era. Both were convicted graffiti in Moscow. Because of the under article 70 of the penal code, complex history of its publication, the “Agitation and Propaganda with the novel is not only a case study in an purpose of subverting or weakening extra-Gutenberg culture, but also a the Soviet regime,” despite the fact challenge to common portrayals of that they protested their innocence. Samizdat. The retelling of the events in the 26 Global Histories: a student journal | VI - 2 - 2019 J u l i abroad in the 1920s to avoid Soviet a A BRIEF HISTORY OF SAMIZDAT B o censorship. e c h The origins of the practice According to Peter Steiner, a t of sharing typed uncensored texts the production and distribution of M a c in Soviet Russia are difficult to trace. Samizdat increased much after the h a 3 d According to prominent dissident fall of Stalinism. In February 1956, o | writer Siniavsky, it started as a Khrushchev gave his famous speech M a n mass practice in the 1950s with the called On the Cult of Personality u s c copying of the poetry of writers and Its Consequences, in which r i p t such as Anna Akhmatova and he denounced Stalin for having s d o Boris Pasternak, that had become distorted Leninist principles and n ’ 1 t inaccessible in the published form. establishing a cult of personality. The b u r But the term Samizdat has since speech was often read in meetings n been used retroactively, referring of the Communist Party and the to texts published and distributed Komsomol, but it was not meant to be autonomously during Tsarist times. distributed widely. However, it soon Other authors prefer to refer to these started circulating as a Samizdat as proto-Samizdat. The neologism and it was also smuggled abroad Samizdat is attributed to poet Nikolai and published in the Western press. Glazkov, who typed his poetry in There was unrest following the notebooks and distributed it to speech, with reports that members of friends during the 1940s with the the audience reacted with applause imprint “samsebiaizdat”, roughly and laughter whenever it was translatable as “myself publisher”. read, while others were reported The term Samizdat became common to have suffered heart attacks or among Moscow’s elite in the 1950s attempted suicide. It provoked strong and gained a wider usage in the reactions, and “Nowhere did the cry 1960s, when references to it started for liberalization sound more loudly appearing in the official press.2 than in literature”.4 Writers became A related practice was Tamizdat, bolder in exposing the Soviet Union, “over there publishing”, smuggling the crimes committed by the State, manuscripts out of the Soviet Union and the miseries of everyday life to be published abroad. As with that undermined the notion of a Samizdat, the word has been used to communist paradise. However, in the refer to previous events, specifically same year limits were made clear about the works of Boris Pilniak when Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago and Evgueni Zamyatin, published was denied publishing and smuggled 1 Serguei Oushakine, “The Terrifying Mimicry of 3 P. Steiner, “Introduction: On Samizdat, Tamizdat, Samizdat,” Public Culture 13, no. 2 (2001): 191- Magnitizdat, and Other Strange Words That Are 214, doi:10.1215/08992363-13-2-191 Difficult to Pronounce,” Poetics Today 29, no. 4 2 Ann Komaromi, Uncensored: Samizdat (2008): 613-628, doi:10.1215/03335372-079. Novels and the Quest for Autonomy in Soviet 4 Katerina Clark, The Soviet Novel: History as Dissidence (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern Ritual (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2000) University Press, 2015), 132. 211. Global Histories: a student journal | VI - 2 - 2019 27 n r u abroad as a Tamizdat in 1957. Dmitri who also frequented the meetings, b t ’ n Pospielovsky understands that were afterwards arrested for creating o d event as the impetus for the birth of and distributing Samizdat journals s t p i r Samizdat as we know it today, as a dedicated to poetry. c s 5 u parallel culture to the official press.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E-Notes on the Master and Margarita
    The Master and Margarita Author unknown e-Notes on The Master and Margarita From the archive section of The Master and Margarita http://www.masterandmargarita.eu Webmaster Jan Vanhellemont Klein Begijnhof 6 B-3000 Leuven +3216583866 +32475260793 Table of Contents 1. Master and Margarita: Introduction 2. Mikhail Bulgakov Biography 3. One-Page Summary 4. Summary and Analysis 5. Quizzes 6. Themes 7. Style 8. Historical Context 9. Critical Overview 10. Character Analysis 11. Essays and Criticism 12. Suggested Essay Topics 13. Sample Essay Outlines 14. Compare and Contrast 15. Topics for Further Study 16. Media Adaptations 17. What Do I Read Next? 18. Bibliography and Further Reading 1. INTRODUCTION The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov is considered one of the best and most highly regarded novels to come out of Russia during the Soviet era. The book weaves together satire and realism, art and religion, history and contemporary social values. It features three story lines. The main story, taking place in Russia of the 1930s, concerns a visit by the devil, referred to as Professor Woland, and four of his assistants during Holy Week; they use black magic to play tricks on those who cross their paths. Another story line features the Master, who has been languishing in an insane asylum, and his love, Margarita, who seeks Woland's help in being reunited with the Master. A third story, which is presented as a novel written by the Master, depicts the crucifixion of Yeshua Ha-Notsri, or Jesus Christ, by Pontius Pilate. Using the fantastic elements of the story, Bulgakov satirizes the greed and corruption of Stalin's Soviet Union, in which people's actions were controlled as well as their perceptions of reality.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat: a Novel
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Faculty Publications 2019 Meat: A Novel Sergey Belyaev Boris Pilnyak Ronald D. LeBlanc University of New Hampshire, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs Recommended Citation Belyaev, Sergey; Pilnyak, Boris; and LeBlanc, Ronald D., "Meat: A Novel" (2019). Faculty Publications. 650. https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs/650 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sergey Belyaev and Boris Pilnyak Meat: A Novel Translated by Ronald D. LeBlanc Table of Contents Acknowledgments . III Note on Translation & Transliteration . IV Meat: A Novel: Text and Context . V Meat: A Novel: Part I . 1 Meat: A Novel: Part II . 56 Meat: A Novel: Part III . 98 Memorandum from the Authors . 157 II Acknowledgments I wish to thank the several friends and colleagues who provided me with assistance, advice, and support during the course of my work on this translation project, especially those who helped me to identify some of the exotic culinary items that are mentioned in the opening section of Part I. They include Lynn Visson, Darra Goldstein, Joyce Toomre, and Viktor Konstantinovich Lanchikov. Valuable translation help with tricky grammatical constructions and idiomatic expressions was provided by Dwight and Liya Roesch, both while they were in Moscow serving as interpreters for the State Department and since their return stateside.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For
    FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) .
    [Show full text]
  • Boris Pasternak - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Boris Pasternak - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Boris Pasternak(10 February 1890 - 30 May 1960) Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian language poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Furthermore, Pasternak's theatrical translations of Goethe, Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and William Shakespeare remain deeply popular with Russian audiences. Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known for authoring Doctor Zhivago, a novel which spans the last years of Czarist Russia and the earliest days of the Soviet Union. Banned in the USSR, Doctor Zhivago was smuggled to Milan and published in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the following year, an event which both humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by both the KGB and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the Prize. In his resignation letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had severely damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He remains a major figure in Russian literature to this day. Furthermore, tactics pioneered by Pasternak were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents. <b>Early Life</b> Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, (Gregorian), 1890 (Julian 29 January) into a wealthy Russian Jewish family which had been received into the Russian Orthodox Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Courts and Politics in Post Stalin Russia, Report #3. the Brezhnev
    TITLE: ARBITRARY JUSTICE: COURTS AND POLITICS IN POST- STALIN RUSSIA. Report #3. THE BREZHNEV PERIOD AUTHOR: YURI FEOFANOV and DONALD BARRY THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE VIII PROGRAM 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 NCSEER NOTE This is the third in a series of Council Reports which, in all, will contain a book, by the same authors and probably with the same title, forthcoming, M. E. Sharpe. This Report contains Part II: an introductory essay, The Brezhnev Period by Donald Barry; and Chapter Three, The Siniavskii-Daniel Case by Yuri Feofanov. Subsequent Reports in the series, numbered sequentially, will contain the remaining Parts III - VII, and will carry the same main title and the subtitle of the Part contained. PROJECT INFORMATION:1 CONTRACTOR: Lehigh University PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Donald Barry COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER: 808-02 DATE: October 4, 1995 COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Individual researchers retain the copyright on work products derived from research funded by Council Contract. The Council and the U.S. Government have the right to duplicate written reports and other materials submitted under Council Contract and to distribute such copies within the Council and U.S. Government for their own use, and to draw upon such reports and materials for their own studies; but the Council and U.S. Government do not have the right to distribute, or make such reports and materials available, outside the Council or U.S. Government without the written consent of the authors, except as may be required under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act 5 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Russian Literaturepart I Russian Literature: Background, Foreground, Creative Cognition
    The Mythopoetic “Vectors” of Russian LiteraturePART I Russian Literature: Background, Foreground, Creative Cognition Chapter 1 The Mythopoetic “Vectors” of 27. Russian Literature1 Any national literature is to some significant extent a mirror held up to its people’s collective countenance: its myths, aspirations, national triumphs and traumas, current ideologies, historical understanding, lin guistic tra- ditions. But it is also more than that — more than a reflection in the glass of what has come before and what is now, even as one glances into it, passing from view. It is, in a real sense, generative of new meaning, and thus capable of shaping that countenance in the future. For the society that takes its literary products seriously, the text of a novel or poem can be a kind of genetic code2 for predicting, not concrete outcomes or actual progeny, but something no less pregnant with future action: the forms of a culture’s historical imagination. The variations seem limitless, and yet how is it we are able to determine any given work of literature is clearly identifiable as Russian? Why could Flaubert’s Emma Bovary in some sense not be imagin- ed by the great realist who created Anna Karenina? How is Dostoevsky’s 1 Originally appeared 2 See Chapter 4 in Part 1 as part 1 of the essay/chapter of the present volume with its “Russian Literature,” in Cambridge discussion of how genes and Companion to Modern Russian “memes” work together to create Culture, ed. Nicholas Rzhevsky an individual’s and a culture’s (Cambridge: Cambridge University views of itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Can the Soviet System Accommodate the “Democratic Movement”?
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1974 Systemic Adaptation: Can the Soviet System Accommodate the “Democratic Movement”? Phillip A. Petersen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Petersen, Phillip A., "Systemic Adaptation: Can the Soviet System Accommodate the “Democratic Movement”?" (1974). Master's Theses. 2588. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2588 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMIC ADAPTATION: CAN THE SOVIET SYSTEM ACCOMMODATE THE "DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT"? by Phillip A. Petersen A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1974 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to begin by thanking Dr. Craig N. Andrews of Wayne State University for introducing me to the phenomenon of dissent in the Soviet Union. As for the project itself, Dr. John Gorgone of Western Michigan University not only suggested the approach to the phenomenon, but also had a fundamental role in shaping the perspective from which observations were made. The success of the research phase of the project is due, in great part, to the encouragement and assistance of Lt. Col. Carlton Willis of the Army Security Agency Training Center and School.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cases of Venedikt Erofeev, Kurt Vonnegut, and Victor Pelevin
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship@Western Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-21-2012 12:00 AM Burying Dystopia: the Cases of Venedikt Erofeev, Kurt Vonnegut, and Victor Pelevin Natalya Domina The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Professor Calin-Andrei Mihailescu The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Comparative Literature A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Natalya Domina 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons Recommended Citation Domina, Natalya, "Burying Dystopia: the Cases of Venedikt Erofeev, Kurt Vonnegut, and Victor Pelevin" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 834. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/834 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BURYING DYSTOPIA: THE CASES OF VENEDIKT EROFEEV, KURT VONNEGUT, AND VICTOR PELEVIN (Spine Title: BURYING DYSTOPIA) (Thesis Format: Monograph) by Natalya Domina Graduate Program in Comparative Literature A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Natalya Domina 2012 THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO SCHOOL OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION Supervisor Examiners ____________________________ ________________________________ Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading and Writing Against Destruction
    Transcultural Studies, 4 (2008), 107-117. EKATERINA NEKLYUDOVA READING AND WRITING AGAINST DESTRUCTION This article deals with the tactics of survival that the inmates of Gulag (the penitentiary system of prisons and labor camps in the Soviet Union)1 practiced while imprisoned. In particular, I focus on the theme of reading and writing in the conditions of the Soviet prisons and labor camps, where writing was mostly prohibited, and reading was limited and highly regulated and censored. However, the inmates of Soviet prisons managed to create, read, write and even publish their notes while incarcerated. I show how three survivors of the Soviet camps – Varlam Shalamov, Evgenia Ginzburg, and Eduard Kuznetsov used the acts of reading and writing to preserve their identities from complete corruption and disintegration. I argue that word as a grammatical unit of text initiates the process of the recovery and deliverance of prisoners’ morale. Varlam Shalamov (1907-1982), a writer and a journalist, was born in Rus- sian city of Vologda. He spent seventeen years in total in prisons and labor camps of Kolyma (1929-1931, 1937-1943, 1943-1951). When Shalamov was released and returned from the camps to the Western part of Russia (Kalinin- grad), he started recording his camp experience in the form of the semi- fictional, semi-documentary Kolymskie rasskazy [Kolyma Tales].2 Even though his camp prose was never published in the Soviet Union in his lifetime, it received worldwide publicity: Kolyma Tales was distributed by the under- ground movement of Samizdat and published abroad. The impact of these short stories was immense: they were considered as the most authentic and merciless descriptions of prisoners’ sufferings in the Soviet camps of the Sta- linist regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights and History a Challenge for Education
    edited by Rainer Huhle HUMAN RIGHTS AND HISTORY A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION edited by Rainer Huhle H UMAN The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Genocide Convention of 1948 were promulgated as an unequivocal R response to the crimes committed under National Socialism. Human rights thus served as a universal response to concrete IGHTS historical experiences of injustice, which remains valid to the present day. As such, the Universal Declaration and the Genocide Convention serve as a key link between human rights education and historical learning. AND This volume elucidates the debates surrounding the historical development of human rights after 1945. The authors exam- H ine a number of specific human rights, including the prohibition of discrimination, freedom of opinion, the right to asylum ISTORY and the prohibition of slavery and forced labor, to consider how different historical experiences and legal traditions shaped their formulation. Through the examples of Latin America and the former Soviet Union, they explore the connections · A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION between human rights movements and human rights education. Finally, they address current challenges in human rights education to elucidate the role of historical experience in education. ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 © Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” Stiftung “Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft” Lindenstraße 20–25 10969 Berlin Germany Tel +49 (0) 30 25 92 97- 0 Fax +49 (0) 30 25 92 -11 [email protected] www.stiftung-evz.de Editor: Rainer Huhle Translation and Revision: Patricia Szobar Coordination: Christa Meyer Proofreading: Julia Brooks and Steffi Arendsee Typesetting and Design: dakato…design. David Sernau Printing: FATA Morgana Verlag ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 Berlin, February 2010 Photo Credits: Cover page, left: Stèphane Hessel at the conference “Rights, that make us Human Beings” in Nuremberg, November 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Political Memoirs: a Study in Politics and Literature
    SOVIET POLITICAL MEMOIRS: A STUDY IN POLITICS AND LITERATURE by ZOI LAKKAS B.A. HONS, The University of Western Ontario, 1990 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA June 1992 Zoi Lakkas, 1992 _________________ in presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department. or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. V Department of The University of British &‘olumbia Vancouver, Canada Date 1L4( /1 1q2 DE-6 (2/88) ii ABS TRACT A growing number of Soviet political memoirs have emerged from the former Soviet Union. The main aim of the meinoirists is to give their interpretation of the past. Despite the personal insight that these works provide on Soviet history, Western academics have not studied them in any detail. The principal aim of this paper is to prove Soviet political memoir’s importance as a research tool. The tight link between politics and literature characterizes the nature of Soviet political memoir. All forms of Soviet literature had to reform their brand of writing as the Kremlin’s policies changed from Stalin’s ruthless reign to Gorbachev’s period of openness.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E588 HON. CHARLES W. ''CHIP'' PICKERING HON. CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH HON
    E588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks April 21, 2004 and practice . and played with purpose, In addition to being named the SEC Player Czechoslovakia and condemnation of the endurance and confidence. of the Year, Roberts is the first Associated crushing of ‘‘Prague Spring.’’ For their noble Lopez High School Principal Maggie Gutier- Press All-American First Team selection from efforts, they were arrested by the KGB, tried, rez summed up the lessons for the team to a Mississippi Division I school since fellow and convicted of ‘‘slander’’ against the Soviet learn in this sweet victory. ‘‘This team has a Bulldog Bailey Howell in 1958–59. In addition Union. Bogoraz was sentenced to 4 years of spirit of never giving up no matter what,’’ she to earning a slot on the gold standard of internal exile in the Irkutsk region of eastern said. ‘‘Lopez Lobos are born to succeed, and postseason teams, Roberts has also garnered Siberia, where she worked in a wood-proc- no one else will tell them any different.’’ These first-team all-America recognition this season essing factory. In a show of solidarity and re- athletes learned an important lesson in this by both the National Association of Basketball spect for her, Larisa’s dissident friends com- championship: They are absolutely capable of Coaches (NABC) and United States Basket- bined their resources and bought her a house doing great things; my prayer is that their ball Writers Association (USBWA). to live in while she served her exile term. imaginations will be their only limits in this He adds first-team national honors by the When she completed her sentence, she sold world.
    [Show full text]