This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Taxon on 4 May 2017, available online: https://doi.org/10.12705/662.7 Different speciation types meet in a Mediterranean genus: the biogeographic history of Cymbalaria (Plantaginaceae). Running head: Phylogeny and biogeographic history of Cymbalaria Pau Carnicero1, Llorenç Sáez1, 2, Núria Garcia-Jacas3 and Mercè Galbany- Casals1 1 Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. 2 Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears (SHNB), C/ Margarida Xirgu 16, E-07011 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. 3 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain Author for correspondence: Pau Carnicero,
[email protected] ORCID: P.C., http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3309 Abstract Cymbalaria comprises ten species and six subspecies growing in rocky habitats in the Mediterranean Basin. Several features, such as the genus’ highly fragmented distribution as well as noticeable ecological differentiation between partially sympatric species and presence of ploidy barriers between species suggest the involvement of different speciation types in its evolution. The aims of this study were to test the monophyly of Cymbalaria and to reconstruct infrageneric phylogenetic relationships, to infer the genus’ biogeographic history by estimating divergence times and ancestral distribution areas of lineages, and to disentangle the role of different speciation types. To address these issues, we constructed a phylogeny with a complete taxon sampling based on ITS, 3'ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences. We used the nuclear ribosomal DNA data to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny, which served as basis for estimating ploidy level evolution and biogeographic history.