July 31, 2007 Mojiko Hotel Castle

Environment Policies of City for a Sustainable Society Hiraodai Karst Tableland “River Walk” Mall

MIZOGUCHI Hiroshi, Director

World Capital of SustainableOfficeDevelopment for International Environmental CooperationCity of Kitakyushu

Location of Kitakyushu

Tokyo Kitakyushu China Shanghai

500km

1000km

Thailand Vietnam

Philippines 2000km

Malaysia Area: 485.25ｋ㎡ Singapore Population: 997 thousand Indonesia (as of Sept. 1, 2005)

1 Kitakyushu’’ s Industries Led to Modernization in

Yawata Steel Mill began Kitakyushu Industrial Area in operation in 1901 1950s

World Capital of Sustainable Development City of Kitakyushu

“Machines working with growling sound, blast furnaces smelting and brightening up a night sky, and everything are vivid and vital. Yawata is called the capital of steel.”

《Osaka Printing Corp. in 1961》 （Presented by Prof. Takeuchi, Tokyo University) World Capital of Sustainable Development City of Kitakyushu

2 Air Pollution and Water Contamination

Dust-fall on roof-top Stacks emitting smoke

A Screw Dissolved in the Bay

Wastewater Discharged into the Dokai Bay World Capital of Sustainable Development City of Kitakyushu

AntiAnti--pollutionpollution Movements by Stakeholders

Citizens

Partnership Company watching Study with scholars Industries Public Administration

Sewage treatment and monitoring facility World Capital ofAnti-pollutionSustainable Development equipment City of Kitakyushu

3 Kitakyushu’s Experience in Getting Pollution under Control - A Miracle in the World History -

1960s Today

Major Factors for and Characteristics of Industrial Pollution Control Practice in Japan

Japanese Constitution Effective Education System Vitality/mentality of * Basic human right * Providing human resources Challenge & Response * Local autonomy to each sector

When authorized, change quickly Major Factors in Policy Responses Getting Pollution Pressure Conservative Attitude under Control Citizen Movement against Environmental Pollution 1) Intervention by at national level central/local Restrictive governments Awareness Building through Mass Supportive measures measures 2) Multi-stakeholder Media and Judicial Resolution coordination engagement Industrial Authority Environment Authority 3) Corporate social responsibility Local Initiatives for Environmental Pollution Control - Integrating environmental factors - Basic Law for Environmental Nature-respect into industrial policy Pollution Control Mentality - Public financing (PCSC, JDB, JASMEC, etc.) - Environmental standard (air, water, etc.) - Preferential tax measures (national/local tax) - Emission/effluent standard (minimum, - Support for technology development phased control) Socioeconomic Factors Why Pollution Occurred - Utility cost policy (water, energy) - Legal provisions for each field 1) Too overcrowded land - Information dissemination - Decentralization of implementation power 2) Heavy chemical industrialization - Industrial location measures - Health damage compensation 3) Without internalizing external diseconomies - Service provider development - Punishment of pollution-related crimes tense partnership Features of Initial Response Period (1960s) Enterprises Local Autonomies 1) Harmonization with sound economic growth 2) Centralization of power 3) Post-facto countermeasures - Promotion of productivity movements - High administrative capacity - Process renovation, energy saving, - Local ordinance on pollution control Characteristics of Industrial Pollution Control resource recovery (CP) - Voluntary agreement (based on scientific data) in Japan - Pollution abatement equipments (EP) - Regional plan on pollution control 1) Non-economical approach - Building in-house organization - Monitoring system, on-the-spot inspection 2) Direct restriction - Pollution control manager system - Supervision and guidance to enterprises 3) Focus on specific substances as heavy metals - Highly capable in-house engineers - Disclosure of information 4) Local initiatives - Awareness of social responsibility - Dispute settlement at local level

4 Cleaner Production (CP)

Change: from end of pipe technology (EP) to environmentally sound production technology with low emission (CP)

(Case-1) SOx reduction in a steel works in Kitakyushu

SOx emission Measures 1970 27, 575 ton/y fuel conversion 42% energy/til/material saving 32% 1990 607 ton/y EP equipments 25%

Achievements in Greening Production Process ■Emission ratio per electric power generation (1980) JAfJapan Ave. of 5 addtidvanced countries

SOx 1.0 8.0 g/Kwh

NOx 0.69 3.5 g/Kwh

■Energy consumption per unit GDP Japan USA Germany China

1980 105 380 197 2,558 TOE/million US$

2001 92 253 130 827 TOE/million US$

5 From “Sea of Death” to International Environmental Leadership Technologies and human resources accumulated through Pollution abatement

【Number of trainees accepted】 Psn/y Psn 350 4500 300 4000 3500 250 3000 200 年度別Yearly 2500 150 累計Total 2000 1500 100 1000 50 500 0 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 ０００２０４

Trainees accepted:１４８ countries ４４，，３６０３６０ pns（1980～2005） Experts dispatched:３４ countries １３５ pns（1978～2005）

Cooperation with Dalian, China

1979 Friendship-City concluded by Kitakyushu and Dalian

1993 Technical Exchange Seminar held in Dalian “Environment-Specific Zone” proposed to Chinese 1993 government by KITA “Dalian Environmental Demonstration Zone Project” 1994 authorized as an important policy by Chinese government Demonstration Zone Project decided as an ODA project, 1996 and Environmental Exchange Seminar was held

1996-2000 Study on the Demonstration Zone Project conducted

Transfer of CP technologies (8.5 billion yen in total) 2000～ Includes: electric furnace (1.84 billion), cement-mill (1.38 billion), process improvement at a dye- production plant (1.52 billion), etc.

6 Environmental Improvement in Dalian, China

1994 2000 Improvement of Ambient Air Quality Year 1990 2001 ** Dalian was given SOx 0.090 0.031 mg/m3 (1/3) the Global 500 Award TSP 0.245 0.123 mg/m3 (1/2) by UNEP in June 2001 CO 1.94 0.59 mg/m3 (1/3)

Promotion of Environmental Cooperation Through City-to-City Network Dalian Inchon Tianjin Organization for the East Asia Yantai Ulsan Pusan 下関市Shimonoseki Economic Development (2004) Qindao Fukuoka Kitakyushu

Chongqing

Batangas

Ho Chi Minh Cebu

Penang Island Environmental Cooperation Semarang Network of Asian Cities (1997) Surabaya

7 City-to-City Cooperation in South-East Asia 1997 Environmental Cooperation Network of Asian Cities established 1997-2001 Seminar on CP Technologies for Small Enterprises held in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 2001-2004 River Environmental Improvement Project conducted in Semarang, Indonesia Cooperation for regional environmental improvement in Cebu, the Philippines, focusing on 2000 introduction of CP technologies Study on appropriate waste management system system conducted in Surabaya , Indonesia and 2002 Chongqing, China Cooperation for regional environmental improvement in Cebu, the Philippines, focusing on 2003 domestic wastewater treatment 2004～ Garbage composting project conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia

Technical guidance at a Tofu plant in Guidance on monitoring technologies in Semarang, Indonesia Cebu, the Philippines

River Beautification Model Project in Semarang, Indonesia

A river in Semarang has been polluted by many Tofu industries. KITA Environmental Cooperation Center was asked to cooperate in recovering environmental quality in the river. The Project was conducted by many stake-holders, including universities, NGOs, private industries and public administration.

A river polluted by waste water from a Tofu industry Technical instruction at a Tofu industry

8 WASTE, A Serious Problem in Surabaya And A Compost Project Waste dumping

Garbage depot

Waste analysis Compost center

Expansion of Kitakyushu-Kitakyushu-BasedBased Composting

・Expansion plan of Surabaya City - About 12,000 households as of July. 2007 - To be expanded to 200 thousand for next 4 years (equivalent to 1/3 of all households) ・To be disseminated in Medan , Den Pasar , etc . ・Transferred to Bangkok through a distance learning seminar in 2005 ・Experiment began in Bangkok in 2006

Dissemination activities in Surabaya “Keep market clean” by KITA/ECC

9 Kitakyushu Initiative Network

(62 Cities from 18 Countries）

UN/ESCAP Ministerial Conference on Sustainable Development (2000) ■Inter-city network: established by UNs ■Chronology: 2000 “Kitakyushu Initiative” was conceived at MCED4 based upon the achievements of Kitakyushu’s pollution control practice and international cooperation 2001 Kitakyushu Initiative Network established Burning Efficiency 32 % waste reduction ■Activities: Pilot projects, thematic seminars, improvement （Nonthaburi, Thailand) （Ulanbator, Mongolia） collection and analysis of member’s best practices, etc. ■Field: Air pollution, water quality management, solid waste management (including 3R) ■Secretariat: IGES Kitakyushu Office ■Evaluation: Evaluated at MCED5 in Seoul, Korea in 2005, and continuation was declared by ministers

Profile of Kitakyushu EcoEco--TownTown Project Practical Research Area Comprehensive Environmental Industrial

Biodegradation/Plastination Complex, Hibiki Recycling Area Technology for Urban Waste Nippon Steel Corporation, Kitakyushu Environmental Technology Center Demonstration Research Facility Kyushu Institute of Technology Practical Research Area for Fukuoka Research Center for Recycling Systems

Recycling Project for Tofu and Industrial Waste Research Facility Other Food Residue

Demonstrative Research Styrene Foam Recycling Project Testing Site, Fukuoka Annex Research Center for Recycling Systems, Kitakyush u Eco-Town Center

2nd Stage Planned Area

Background Progress of Eco-Town Project (as of April 2006)

■1901 Government-run Yawata Steel Mill began operation ■Facilities on practical research: 17 ・ Has grown up to be a material-production base for 100 years ■Industrial plants under operation: 25 ■1960s Faced serious environmental pollution ・ Experience of getting pollution under control Project results to date ” by mulliti-stakhldkeholder engagement ֜ “Kitak yush u Meth od ■1980s ~ International environmental cooperation has been conducted ■Total investment: about 52.3 billion yen Industrial infrastructure which combines Creation of networks of Advantage of Hibikinada area （City: 5.9 billion, National: 10.6 billion, technology/human resources/know-how residents/businesses/government ・ Vast land area Private sector: 35.8 billion） ・ Waste landfill site is available “Resource recycling society” ■Employee: about 1,200 pns ・Adjacent to industrial base Local strategies which utilize local resources ・Hub of distribution including part-time workers infrastructure ■Visitor: about 490,000 pns (1998-2006.3) Eco-Town Project (Phase-I: 1997~; Phase-II: 2002~)

World“Win-winCapital policyof forSustainable environmental,Development socio-economic co-benefits,” playing a leading role toward a sound material-cycle society. City of Kitakyushu

10 Mutual Collaboration in Kitakyushu Eco-Eco-TownTown Comprehensive Environmental Used plastics Industrial Complex Waste of paper &wood Electricity OA machinery Used plastic Office papers IC board Fluorescent lights CRT wood Used plastics Wood Fluorescent lights Used plastics, paper Glass waste Used paper Used OA machinery plastcs Styrene foam Cardboard Wooden pallets Dokai Bay Burnable material Area Fluorescent lights can Fuels

Used paper Used plastics IC board Used paper Practical Research Area Office papers Toner cartridges Methanol Used paper

Steel scrap、Fuels Cardboard Second phase project area Styrene foam Hibiki Recycling Complex Jan. 2007

World Capital of Sustainable Development City of Kitakyushu

Integrated Melting Furnace ~ Energy Supply for Eco-Town Companies ~ Kitakyushu Eco-town Power Receiving Association （Established by law） Recycling Facility (Home appliance, Automobile, PET etc)

Industrial Waste such as shredded waste and CFC, etc. Resource Recovery Treatment of Slag and Metal Power supply of About Leavings 4,500kw Integrated Melting Furnace Leavings

■Capacity : 320ｔ/Day ■Output : 14,000kw PCB （*Self-Using : 3,300kw） Power 4,500KW Treatment Facility

11 CO2 reduction in Kitakyushu EcoEco--towntown

～Quantified by Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） Envi Discharge to

Oxygen～

Materi Fuel ：1,500ｔ EcoEco--towntown ＣＯ2Emission：11,000ｔ Electricity：16.000MWｈ Recycling Projects a ronment CO ls Consumption PET bottle, Evaporate ： 9,000ｔ

２ Water ：21,000ｔ Automobile, Office

Emission：12,000t automation equipment Sewage discharge：12,000ｔ Raw Materials： 53ｔ Home electric appliance, Refuse ：7,000ｔ Fluorescent tube, CO Reduction：-146,000t Medical waste, ２ Recycled Materials： Waste paper, Cooking oil, Recycle ：70,000ｔ ｔ 77,000 Detergent & organic solvent, Outside the City：49,000ｔ Outside the City：70,000ｔ Waste wood/Plastic, Inside the City ： 6,000ｔ Printer toner, etc. Inside the City：19,000ｔ

CO２Reduction：-29,000t MtMutual lCllb Collabora tion in Eco-town：７３８ｔ CO２Reduction：-128t

Efforts on the CO2 Emission Reduction

CO２Emission：23,000ｔ CO２Reduction：175,000ｔ （From Energy & Material Consumption） （By Reduction of using Raw Materials）

The source： Associate Professor. Toru Matsumoto, The University of Kitakyushu （2005.March 8）

Nanohana (field mustard) Project Nanohana cultivation Seed-harvesting and Oil-extraction Collection of used cooking-oil Reusing as BDF (Bio Derived Fuel) are conducted by citizens, then linked with Environment Education “Material cycle and renewable energy utilization,” Cultivated by citizens/NPO around eco-town/fallow field, etc. BDF are used for garbage collection trucks and companies in Eco-town Conducted by citizens and NPOs

Turned into BDF by a company in Eco-town

45 Collecting stations in the city Source: Kokoku-Nanohana Project World Capital of Sustainable Development City of Kitakyushu

12 Kitakyushu City Won the 1st Prize in 2006 Environment Capital Contest

Organizer: All Japan Network of Environment Capital Contest (consisted of 11 NGOs

“Environment Capital” of Japan: selected from the view of NPOs having initiated environmental movements Participated by: 74 municipalities across Japan

World Capital of Sustainable Development City of Kitakyushu

World Capital of Sustainable Development

Thanks for Your Attention

Creation of a city with true wealth and prosperity, to be inherited by future generation

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