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Tel-00674659, V1 ACADÉMIE D’AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ D’AVIGNON ET DES PAYS DE VAUCLUSE DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES DE L’INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 537 CULTURE ET PATRIMOINE JE(UX) EN LIGNE. Pour une approche socio-communicationnelle des technologies numériques et des formes de réflexivités culturelles. Tome 2 tel-00674659, version 1 - 27 Feb 2012 Olivier ZERBIB Thèse préparée sous la direction de : Emmanuel ETHIS (Université d’Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse) Soutenue le 12 décembre 2011, devant un jury composé de : Emmanuel ETHIS, Professeur à l’Université d’Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse (Directeur) Daniel JACOBI, Professeur à l’Université d’Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse Yves JEANNERET, Professeur au CELSA, Paris-Sorbonne (Rapporteur) Damien MALINAS, Maître de Conférences à l’Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse Vincent MEYER, Professeur à l’Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (Rapporteur) Emmanuel PEDLER, Directeur d’études à l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales tel-00674659, version 1 - 27 Feb 2012 SOMMAIRE DES ANNEXES ANNEXE 1.1. Description des dispositifs de l’offre numérique dans les bibliothèques de l’enquête Usages et représentations des nouvelles technologies en bibliothèques. II ANNEXE 1.2. Questionnaire auto-administré pour l’enquête Usages et représentations des nouvelles technologies en bibliothèques. VIII ANNEXE 1.3. Protocole d’observation des consultations du cédérom Michel Ange pour l’enquête Usages et représentations des nouvelles technologies en bibliothèques. X ANNEXE 1.4. Plan de codage et de recodages (sous logiciel SQAW) du questionnaire auto-administré. XXIII ANNEXE 1.5. Tris à plat des données de l’enquête par questionnaire Usages et représentations des nouvelles technologies en bibliothèques. LIV ANNEXE 1.6. Plan de codage et de recodages (sous logiciel SQAW) du protocole d’observation du cédérom Michel Ange XCIV ANNEXE 1.7. Tris à plat des données du protocole d’observation du cédérom Michel Ange CX ANNEXE 1.8. Portraits d’usagers établis dans le cadre de l’enquête Usages et représentations des nouvelles technologies en bibliothèques CXIV ANNEXE 2.1. Listes des articles de presse consultés et recensement des articles tel-00674659, version 1 - 27 Feb 2012 scientifiques traitant des sites de rencontre CXXXIX ANNEXE 2.2. Corpus des sites de rencontre étudiés CXLIV ANNEXE 2.3. Neuf sociogrammes d’utilisateurs de sites de rencontre . CXLVII ANNEXE 3.1. Questionnaire auto-administré pour l’enquête Les pratiques cinématographiques des étudiants à l’ère du numérique. CLXIX ANNEXE 3.2. Plan de codage (sous logiciel modalisa) du questionnaire de l’enquête Les pratiques cinématographiques des étudiants à l’ère du numérique. CLXXII ANNEXE 3.3. Tris à plat des données de l’enquête par questionnaire Les pratiques cinématographiques des étudiants à l’ère du numérique. CLXXVIII ANNEXE 3.4. Corpus des jeux vidéo étudiés . CXC I ANNEXE 1.1. Description des dispositifs de l’offre numérique dans les bibliothèques de l’enquête Usages et représentations des nouvelles technologies en bibliothèques. La Médiathèque Intercommunale de la Ville Nouvelle de Fos propose la mise en réseau des ressources de quatre sites distincts répartis sur les communes de Miramas, Fos, Istres et Entressen. La médiathèque de Miramas s'impose comme le plus important de ces pôles par le nombre d'inscrits (6710 en 1997 contre 6430 à Istres, 3679 à Fos et 584 à Entressen). En plus d'une section jeunesse spécifique, la médiathèque de Miramas s'articule autour de cinq pôles répartis sur deux étages : c'est au rez-de-chaussée que se situent les sections arts et loisirs (arts plastiques et décoratifs, cinéma, photographie, musique, sports, jeux, etc.) et langues et littérature (romans, biographies, bandes dessinées, etc.). Les banques de renseignements et d'emprunt occupent une place centrale dans ce rez-de- chaussée et l'on trouve face à elles deux premiers postes de consultations multimédias. tel-00674659, version 1 - 27 Feb 2012 Les sections société (sociologie, économie, droit, emploi-formation, etc.), civilisation (encyclopédies générales, philosophie, psychologie, patrimoine, etc.) et sciences et techniques (y compris cuisine, jardinage et bricolage) ainsi que les salles de recherches prennent quant à elles place au premier étage. On trouve ici encore deux postes de consultations multimédias placés au voisinage direct d'une banque de renseignements. Les cédéroms accessibles au prêt (environ 200 titres) sont disponibles dans toutes les sections et font l'objet d'un classement par discipline identique à celui des autres documents de la médiathèque. La consultation d'Internet est gratuite mais limitée une demi-heure maximum et à trois personnes par poste. Il est également possible de consulter Internet dans les salles de recherche, sur rendez-vous uniquement. Enfin, l'accès à la messagerie électronique n'est pas offert par la médiathèque de Miramas. II La médiathèque La Durance de Cavaillon présente une gestion de l'espace assez voisine puisqu'elle organise ses collections autour de cinq espaces. La section Adultes se trouve au rez-de-chaussée et occupe deux salles distinctes : une première consacrée à l' actualité dans laquelle il est possible de consulter la presse, les bandes dessinées ainsi qu'une partie des livres et films documentaires pour adultes (fonds régional, pays et voyages, sports) ; une seconde salle destinée à la littérature, aux arts et au cinéma ainsi qu'à l'autre partie des livres et films documentaires. Au premier étage, on accède à la section jeunesse (enfants de 18 mois à 14 ans) ainsi qu'à la salle d'études . Le second étage, enfin, est réservé à la musique et propose l'emprunt de livres, disques, partitions, cédéroms, revues ou films musicaux. Deux ordinateurs sont présents dans chacune des salles de la médiathèque sans être rassemblés dans un espace spécifique : le premier est généralement dédié au catalogue informatisé se présentant sous la forme d'une base de données alors que le second poste permet la consultation de cédéroms choisis selon la thématique de la salle. Il est ainsi possible de consulter le Dictionnaire des œuvres littéraires de langue française ou le cédérom consacré à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France dans l'espace consacré à la littérature alors que l'on trouvera plutôt des cédéroms documentaires en salle d'actualité ou encore des dictionnaires en salle d'études. Les cédéroms accessibles en prêt (soit un peu plus d'une centaine de titres au moment de tel-00674659, version 1 - 27 Feb 2012 l'enquête) sont eux aussi organisés en cinq thématiques (sciences et techniques, arts et littérature, histoire et géographie, jeunesse, musique) et proposés sur des rayons proches des livres abordant des thèmes voisins. Précisons encore que lors de notre enquête, la consultation d'Internet n'était pas offerte aux usagers de la médiathèque de Cavaillon. Alors que la bibliothèque Abbaye-les-bains située à Grenoble propose à ses usagers des dispositifs relativement proches de ceux observés à Miramas et Cavaillon (séparation des espaces adultes, actualité et jeunesse, consultation de cédéroms thématiques et poste Internet proche de la borne de renseignements, consultable sur rendez-vous), le site de Grand'Place se distingue par une séparation plus nette des zones réservées à la consultation des bornes informatiques. En effet, dans cette médiathèque prenant place au cœur d'un important centre commercial, on trouve en fait quatre salles principales. Au III rez-de-chaussée, outre le hall d'accueil comportant la borne d'inscription et d'emprunt, se situe une première salle essentiellement consacrée aux documents imprimés. Cette première salle est en fait découpée en cinq secteurs occupés respectivement par une banque de renseignements (placée au centre de la pièce) les journaux et périodiques, les bandes dessinées, les livres et enfin un espace installé dans le voisinage immédiat de l'entrée et réservé à la consultation de cédéroms et du catalogue informatisé (accessible sur des ordinateurs connectés au réseau Internet mais sur lesquels, seul ce catalogue ainsi qu'une présentation des bibliothèques grenobloises sont consultables 1). On accède ensuite à une salle réservée à la vidéothèque et à la logithèque disposant d'un poste de consultation Internet placé à l'entrée de la pièce, sous le regard direct du personnel occupant la banque de renseignements toute proche. Les consultations ont lieu sur rendez-vous et ici encore le service de messagerie n'est pas offert (un panneau situé au- dessus du poste stipule même que l'usage de la messagerie est interdit). Des séances d'initiation à la consultation d'Internet et des cédéroms ont lieu le samedi après-midi sur rendez-vous. Enfin, une salle consacrée à la musique (cd-audio, partitions) côtoie une artothèque au premier étage. Les salles de lecture des hauts de jardin de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France occupent dans le dispositif d'enquête une place à part, d'abord, parce qu'elles présentent une offre tel-00674659, version 1 - 27 Feb 2012 documentaire davantage tournée vers l'étude et la recherche que cela n'est le cas pour les autres sites retenus. L'organisation et l'orientation des collections placent d'emblée le lecteur face à une série de dispositifs (genres d'ouvrages disponibles, signalétique, emplacement des rayonnages et des places assises, ouvrages uniquement consultables sur place) qui se rencontrent plutôt dans une bibliothèque universitaire que dans une médiathèque municipale de prêt. Les thématiques générales des différentes salles des hauts de jardins témoignent d'ailleurs de ce fait puisqu'à l'exception d'une salle d'actualité (salle A) se rencontrant assez fréquemment dans les bibliothèques municipales, on observe une gestion de l'espace propre aux bibliothèques d'études avec une section 1 Lors de notre passage, le catalogue informatisé, anciennement consultable sur Minitel, venait d'être transféré sur le réseau Internet. Nous avons ainsi pu constater que bon nombre d'usagers continuaient à désigner les ordinateurs proposant la consultation du catalogue par le terme de Minitel, rappelant si cela était nécessaire combien les supports documentaires informatisés peuvent parfois s'avérer opaques.
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