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Plitvice Lakes National Park – Croatia and Una National Park – Bosnia and Herzegovina Feasibility Study on Establishing Transboundary Cooperation

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Plitvice Lakes National Park – Croatia and Una National Park – Bosnia and Herzegovina Feasibility Study on Establishing Transboundary Cooperation Plitvice Lakes National Park – Croatia and Una National Park – Bosnia and Herzegovina Feasibility study on establishing transboundary cooperation Una National Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina © IUCN / Boris Erg Prepared within the project “Sustaining Rural Communities and their Traditional Landscapes Through Strengthened Environmental Governance in Transboundary Protected Areas of the Dinaric Arc”. ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE Western Balkans Environment & Development in the Dinaric Arc Cooperation Programme Authors: Katharina Lindenmann, Željka Rajković and Ognjen Škunca Photographs: Boris Erg, Željka Rajković and Tomasz Pezold ISBN: 978-2-8317-1368-7 Design and layout: Imre Sebestyen, jr. / UNITgraphics.com Printed by: PrintXPress Available from: IUCN Programme Office for South-Eastern Europe Dr Ivana Ribara 91 11070 Belgrade, Serbia [email protected] Tel +381 11 2272 411 Fax +381 11 2272 531 www.iucn.org/publications Acknowledgments: A Special “thank you” goes to: Antonija Dujmović MSc, Conservation Manager, Plitvice Lakes NP Administration; Ivo Pevalek Conservation Research Centre; Ms. Kata Repac, assistant to the Mayor, Municipality of Bihać; Mr. Muhamed Ibrahimpašić, Senior Advisor, Department for Communal Affairs, Municipality of Bihać and Chairperson of the Advisory Committee for the physical plan for the Una River area in Federation BiH; Mr. Davor Lonić, Zadar County, Head of the Department for Development and European Processes; Mr. Milan Tankosić, Vice-president of the NGO Una in Srb and Deputy Mayor of the Municipality of Gračac for providing information and materials. Boris Erg, Veronika Ferdinandova (IUCN SEE), Dr. Deni Porej, (WWF MedPO) for commenting and editing the assessment text. Zbigniew Niewiadomski, consultant, UNEP Vienna ISCC for providing the study concept. Emira Mesanovic, WWF MedPO for coordinating the assessment process. The designation of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, WWF and SNV concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, WWF and SNV. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Belgrade, Serbia in collaboration with WWF MedPO and SNV Copyright: © 2011 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Lindenmann, K., Rajković, Ž. and Škunca, O. (2011). Plitvice Lakes National Park – Croatia and Una National Park – BiH: Assessment on the feasibility study of establishing transboundary cooperation. Gland, Switzerland and Belgrade, Serbia: IUCN Programme Office for South-Eastern Europe. 48 pp. Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia © IUCN / Boris Erg ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE Western Balkans Environment & Development in the Dinaric Arc Cooperation Programme Contents Figures. 5 List of Acronyms. 6 Executive summary. 7 Background of the study . 8 Project “Environment for People in the Dinaric Arc”. 8 Why transboundary cooperation?. 9 Purpose of the assessment. 9 Methodology. 9 Specific remarks for the Plitvice Lakes National Park and the Una National Park - repor. 9 Regional context for transboundary cooperatio. 10 Local transboundary historical context. 10 Recent historical context of the area. 10 Border context . 12 Socioeconomic context. 12 Land use, urbanization and economic development trends . 14 Transport infrastructure. 16 State of the environment and threats . 16 Plitvice Lakes National Park. 16 Una National Park . 19 Tourism as the local economy sector depending on natural assets of the region. 20 Sustainable tourism development in the region - conclusions and points for consideration. 21 Nature and its protection in the region of the transboundary area. 23 Legal and administrative framework for protected area designation and management. 23 Comparison of protected area networks in the two neighbouring countries. 26 Brief overview of the natural values of the region. 27 Protected areas in the transboundary area. 29 Strategic point for consideration - connectivity and continuity of protected area network. 29 Transboundary cooperation: priorities, challenges and opportunities. 35 Priorities for conservation in the transboundary area . 35 Habitats and ecosystems in benefit of a transboundary protected area. 35 Stakeholders and existing relevant projects . 38 Opportunities and challenges for the transboundary cooperation in the transboundary area . 41 Recommendations . 45 References . 46 4 Figures: Fig. 1.1. The area (in green) eligible for application within Croatia-BiH IPA CBC... 10 Fig. 1.2. Satellite image: the lower stream from Kulen Vakuf to Lohovo (the larger settlements in this area include Kulen Vakuf (approx. population 1000) and Orašac with Ćukovi (population 2,800) (Source: Googlemaps).. 10 Fig. 1.3. The upper stream area from Donja Suvaja (in RH), i.e. Drvar (in BiH) to Kulen Vakuf, via Martin Brod where the tributary Unac drains into the Una River (the only larger settlement in this area is Martin Brod (population 500), excluding Drvar). (Source: Googlemaps).. 11 Fig.1.4. Satellite image: Plitvice Lakes and Bihać (Source: Googlemaps).. 11 Fig. 1.5. Population trends within the national park (Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia).. 13 Fig. 1.6. Border crossings (Source: Googlemaps). 16 Fig. 1.7. Macro zones within Una National Park (Elektroprojekt, 2005). 34 5 ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE Western Balkans Environment & Development in the Dinaric Arc Cooperation Programme List of acronyms BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina B&B Bed and Breakfast CBD COP 9 9th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity CBD PoWPA Convention on Biological Diversity, Programme of Work on Protected Areas EU IPA CBC European Union, Instrument for Pre- accession Assistance, Cross-Border Cooperation FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina GEF Global Environmental Fund GIS Geographic Information System RH Croatia ISCC Interim Secretary of the Carpathian Convention IUCN SEE International Union for Conservation of Nature Programme Office for South-Eastern Europe NGO Non-governmental Organisation NP National Park PA Protected area PHARE Poland and Hungary: Assistance for Restructuring their Economies SME Small Market Enterprises SNV Netherlands Development Organisation TBPA Transboundary protected area UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO MAB United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Man and Biosphere Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Program WWF MedPO World Wide Fund for Nature Mediterranean Programme Office 6 EXecUtiVE SUMMarY This study explores the possibilities based tourism. Before the war, their and challenges of the existing development was based on forestry, regional collaboration between agriculture, and the food and wood Plitvice Lakes National Park in Croatia processing industries, all of which and Una National Park in Bosnia and collapsed during the war and post- Herzegovina, one of six pilot sites in war period and still show no signs the project “Environment for People of recovery. Facing such a situation, in the Dinaric Arc”. The objective of these areas are now willing to follow the study is to survey the possibilities the example of their more successful for transboundary conservation, neighbour, Plitvice Lakes National Park, i.e. establishment of transboundary by developing tourism based on the protected areas and associated natural attractions of the Una River cooperation mechanisms. and the surrounding area. Currently, the vision of sustainable development Focusing on the area between Plitvice based on the conservation and Lakes National Park and Una National sustainable use of valuable natural Park, defined in part by the Una River assets through tourism, combined with and in part by the Lička Plješivica preserved traditional agriculture and mountain ridge. These two natural manufacturing practices, is already barriers divide the area into three parts: vivid in the minds and plans of the 1) the area along the Una River in the local population and their government, territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as they can see it happening in their which now mainly forms Una National neighbourhood, at the Plitvice Lakes. Park, and further downstream, the largest settlement in the area, the City Some concrete actions with tangible of Bihać; 2) the area along the Una river results are critically needed to on the Croatian side, where the border make this vision a reality. The major is defined by the course of the Una enabling factors could be cross-border River; and 3) the nearby area of Plitvice cooperation, exchanging know-how Lakes National Park in Croatia, on the and experience, and cooperation other side of Lička Plješivica mountain, between two complementary tourist which delineates the border. destinations - the existing one, Plitvice Lakes National Park, and the All three areas were severely affected developing one, the Una National during the conflicts
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