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ELABORAT Zaštite Okoliša [PDF] NOSITELJ ZAHVATA: VODOVOD KORENICA d.o.o. ELABORAT ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA U POSTUPKU OCJENE O POTREBI PROCJENE UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ SUSTAVA ODVODNJE I PROČIŠĆAVANJA AGLOMERACIJE PLITVIČKA JEZERA studeni 2016. REVIZIJA D Institut IGH d.d. Regionalni centar Split Odjel za ekologiju Matice hrvatske 15, 21000 Split tel. + 385 21 558 681 fax. + 385 21 465 335 NOSITELJ ZAHVATA: VODOVOD KORENICA d.o.o. Trg Sv. Jurja 12, 53230 Korenica NAZIV ZAHVATA: SUSTAV ODVODNJE I PROČIŠĆAVANJA AGLOMERACIJE PLITVIČKA JEZERA VRSTA PROJEKTA: ELABORAT ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA U POSTUPKU OCJENE O POTREBI PROCJENE UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ BROJ PROJEKTA: 85013644 VODITELJ STUDIJE: mr.sc. Anita Erdelez, dipl.ing.građ. DIREKTORICA RC SPLIT: Vedrana Tudor, MBA, dipl.ing.građ. MJESTO I DATUM: Split, studeni 2016. IZRAĐIVAČI: POGLAVLJE IZRAĐIVAČI Opis zahvata, vodna tijela, mr.sc. Anita Erdelez, dipl.ing.građ. klimatske promjene Opći dijelovi Elaborata Zajednička redakcija IGH Prostorno-planska Petar Matulić, dipl.ing.građ. dokumentacija IGH Prostorno-planska Domagoj Vranješ, mag.ing.prosp.arch., dokumentacija, krajobraz univ.spec.oecoing. Valerija Butorac, mag. geograf. Ivana Tomašević, mag.ing.prosp.arch. Vita projekt d.o.o. Geološke i hidrogeološke prof.dr.sc. Tatjana Vlahović, značajke, utjecaj na vode dipl.ing.geol. Samostalni vanjski suradnik Utjecaj na vode (kombinirani mr.sc. Zlatko Perović, dipl.ing.pom. pristup), zrak i buka IGH Priroda, šume i divljač Agata Kovačev, mag.oecol., mag.biol. et oecol.mar. IGH dr.sc. Gordan Lukač, dipl.ing.biol. prof.dr.sc. Vladimir Hršak, dipl.ing.biol. Hrvoje Čižmek, dipl.ing.biol. Samostalni vanjski suradnici SADRŽAJ: POGLAVLJE 1: OPIS ZAHVATA 1 1.1. OBVEZA IZRADE ELABORATA 1 1.2. SVRHA PODUZIMANJA ZAHVATA 1 POGLAVLJE 2: PODACI O ZAHVATU I OPIS OBILJEŽJA ZAHVATA 14 2.1. POSTOJEĆE STANJE ODVODNJE NA PODRUČJU ZAHVATA 14 2.2. DEFINIRANJE AGLOMERACIJE 17 2.3. SADAŠNJE I PROGNOZIRANE KOLIČINE OTPADNIH VODA 19 2.4. TEHNIČKI OPIS PLANIRANOG SUSTAVA ODVODNJE I PROČIŠĆAVANJA 20 2.5. OBRADA SADRŽAJA SEPTIČKIH I SABIRNIH JAMA 29 2.6. OTPAD OD PROČIŠĆAVANJA OTPADNIH VODA 30 2.7. PRIKAZ ANALIZIRANIH VARIJANTI ZAHVATA 35 POGLAVLJE 3: PODACI I OPIS LOKACIJE ZAHVATA I OPIS OKOLIŠA ZAHVATA 47 3.1. METEOROLOŠKE I KLIMATOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE 51 3.2. GEOLOŠKE I HIDROGEOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE 55 3.2.1. Litostratigrafske značajke 55 3.2.2. Tektonske značajke 57 3.2.3. Hidrogeološke značajke 57 3.3. VODNA TIJELA I RIZICI OD POPLAVE 63 3.3.1. Vodna tijela podzemnih voda 63 3.3.2. Vodna tijela površinskih voda 66 3.3.3. Rizici od poplave 74 3.4. BIORAZNOLIKOST 78 3.4.1. Zaštićena područja prirode 78 3.4.2. Klasifikacija staništa 81 3.4.3. Ekološka mreža 85 3.4.4. Flora, vegetacija i staništa 92 3.4.5. Fauna 94 3.5. ŠUME I DIVLJAČ 101 3.6. KRAJOBRAZ 105 3.7. NASELJENOST I GOSPODARSTVO 110 3.8. PROSTORNO-PLANSKA DOKUMENTACIJA 111 3.8.1. Prostorni plan Karlovačke županije 111 3.8.2. Prostorni plan Ličko-senjske županije 117 3.8.3. Prostorni plan prostora posebnih obilježja Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera 122 3.8.4. Prostorni plan uređenja Općine Rakovica 127 3.8.5. Prostorni plan uređenja Općine Plitvička Jezera 136 POGLAVLJE 4: OPIS UTJECAJA ZAHVATA NA OKOLIŠ 144 4.1. MOGUĆI UTJECAJI TIJEKOM PRIPREME, IZGRADNJE I KORIŠTENJA ZAHVATA 144 4.1.1. UTJECAJ NA VODE 144 4.1.1.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 144 4.1.1.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 146 4.1.2. UTJECAJ NA BIORAZNOLIKOST 151 4.1.2.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 151 4.1.2.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 158 4.1.3. UTJECAJ NA ŠUME I DIVLJAČ 159 4.1.3.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 159 4.1.4. UTJECAJ NA KRAJOBRAZ 160 4.1.4.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 160 4.1.4.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 160 4.1.5. UTJECAJ NA RAZINU BUKE 161 4.1.5.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 161 4.1.5.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 161 4.1.6. UTJECAJ NA ZRAK 162 4.1.6.1. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 162 4.1.7. UTJECAJ KLIMATSKIH PROMJENA I STAKLENIČKI PLINOVI 166 4.1.7.1. Klimatske promjene 166 4.1.7.2. Staklenički plinovi 181 4.1.8. UTJECAJ NA PROMETNICE I PROMETNE TOKOVE 184 4.1.8.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 184 4.1.8.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 185 4.1.9. UTJECAJ NA DRUGE INFRASTRUKTURNE SUSTAVE 185 4.1.9.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 185 4.1.9.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 185 4.1.10. UTJECAJ OD NASTANKA OTPADA 185 4.1.7.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 185 4.1.7.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 186 4.1.11. UTJECAJ NA STANOVNIŠTVO I GOSPODARSTVO 188 4.1.10.1. Utjecaji tijekom izgradnje 188 4.1.10.2. Utjecaji tijekom korištenja 188 4.2. VREDNOVANJE UTJECAJA ZAHVATA NA OKOLIŠ 189 4.3. VJEROJATNOST ZNAČAJNIH PREKOGRANIČNIH UTJECAJA 189 POGLAVLJE 5: PRIJEDLOG MJERA ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA I PROGRAMA PRAĆENJA STANJA OKOLIŠA 199 POGLAVLJE 6: POPIS LITERATURE 194 POGLAVLJE 7: POPIS PROPISA 198 INSTITUT IGH d.d. RC Split, Odjel za ekologiju 1. UVOD 1.1. OBVEZA IZRADE ELABORATA Aglomeracija Plitvička jezera nalazi se u središnjoj Hrvatskoj, na području općine Rakovica (Karlovačka županija) i općine Plitvička Jezera (Ličko-senjska županija). Dijelom obuhvaća i područje Nacionalnog parka (NP) Plitvička jezera. Zahvat koji se analizira kroz ovaj elaborat je sustav odvodnje aglomeracije Plitvička jezera. Zahvat predstavlja formiranje dvije manje aglomeracije odnosno odvojena sustava odvodnje i pročišćavanja: Plitvička jezera 1 (sustav Rakovica i sustav Rastovača) i Plitvička jezera 2 (sustav Korenica). U obuhvatu aglomeracije Plitvička jezera 1 (sustav Rakovica- Rastovača) su: gravitacijska kanalizacija u duljini od oko 34.500 m, tlačna kanalizacija u duljini od oko 14.400 m, rekonstrukcija kanalizacije u duljini od oko 5.900 m, 32 crpne stanice i jedan uređaj za pročišćavanje (UPOV) Čatrnja kapaciteta 9.400 ES. U obuhvatu aglomeracije Plitvička jezera 2 (sustav Korenica) su: gravitacijska kanalizacija u duljini od oko 24.000 m, tlačna kanalizacija u duljini od 2.200 m, 9 crpnih stanica, 1 kišni preljev i UPOV Korenica kapaciteta 4.850 ES. Republika Hrvatska kao zemlja EU ima pristup sredstvima Strukturnih i Kohezijskog fonda u sklopu financijske perspektive unije u proračunskom razdoblju 2014-2020. Predmetni zahvat na listi je projekata koji se planiraju prijaviti za EU sufinanciranje. Prema Uredbi o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (“Narodne novine”, br. 61/14) za postrojenja za obradu otpadnih voda s pripadajućim sustavom odvodnje kapaciteta manjeg od 50.000 ES potrebno je provesti ocjenu o potrebi procjene utjecaja na okoliš (Prilog II, točka 10.4). Prema Prilogu II, točka 12, za zahvate urbanog razvoja i druge zahvate nositelj zahvata radi međunarodnog financiranja također može zatražiti ocjenu o potrebi procjene utjecaja na okoliš. U postupku Prethodne ocjene Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode je Rješenjem (klasa 612- 07/16-60/65, urbroj 517-07-2-1-16-8, od 23.08.2016) utvrdilo da je zahvat prihvatljiv za ekološku mrežu (vidi prilog 1-2). 1.2. SVRHA PODUZIMANJA ZAHVATA Na području NP Plitvička jezera i općine Rakovica odvodnja otpadnih voda uglavnom je riješena kroz prateću infrastrukturu turističkih objekata. Iako je postojećom infrastrukturom postignut djelomičan učinak zaštite okoliša na području uz turističke komplekse, nije riješeno pročišćavanje otpadnih voda. Naime, otpadne vode s područja NP Plitvička jezera kanalizacijskim sustavom se dopremaju do ispusta u vrtaču u blizini naselja Rastovača te ispuštaju u okoliš bez ikakvog pročišćavanja. Slično je i s turističkim objektima na području općine Rakovica (autokamp „Korana“ s pratećim sadržajima). I ovdje je nakon izgradnje kanalizacijskih kolektora izostala gradnja uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda pa izvedeni kolektor južno od naselja Čatrnja nije u funkciji. Pored navedenih izvedenih dijelova kanalizacijskog sustava, započelo se s rješavanjem problematike odvodnje i pročišćavanja otpadnih voda i na drugim lokacijama, uglavnom uz turističke objekte (Borje, Prijeboj, Rastovača, motel “Grabovac”), interpolacijom manjih uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda. Na žalost zbog učestalih problema u pogonu i održavanju, te neprikladnih recipijenata (vrtače), ovi lokalni sustavi danas uglavnom nisu u funkciji i ne ispunjavaju postavljene zahtjeve u pogledu učinka pročišćavanja i konačne dispozicije prikupljenih otpadnih voda. Na području ostalih naselja općina Plitvička Jezera ELABORAT ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA SUSTAVA ODVODNJE I PROČIŠĆAVANJA AGLOMERACIJE PLITVIČKA JEZERA Broj projekta: 85013644 1 INSTITUT IGH d.d. RC Split, Odjel za ekologiju i Rakovica koja karakterizira mali broj stanovnika i koja su raspršena po terenu vrlo razvijenog reljefa, nema sustavno izvedene kanalizacije, već se otpadne vode sakupljaju u septičke jame koje uglavnom ne osiguravaju potpunu vodonepropusnost pa dio otpadnih voda dospijeva u podzemlje i gravitirajuće vodotoke. Područje aglomeracije Plitvička jezera je osjetljivo područje kako u smislu vodnih resursa tako i u smislu s tim povezane bioraznolikosti ovog područja. Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera dio je dinarskog krškog područja te pripada jednoj od najdojmljivijih krških cjelina u svijetu, sa specifičnim geološkim, geomorfološkim i hidrološkim osobinama. Na području Parka prevladavaju mezozojski vapnenci s ulošcima dolomita, ali i sami dolomiti. Odnos slabije propusnih ili vododrživih dolomita prema okršenim i vodopropusnim jurskim naslagama vapnenačkog sastava uvjetovao je današnji izgled čitavog prostora. Specifične hidrogeološke osobine stijena omogućile su zadržavanje vode na dolomitnim stijenama trijaske starosti, ali i kanjonsko urezivanje u vapnenačke naslage kredne starosti. Ujezerivanje vode omogućile su sedrene barijere. Formiranje sedrenih barijera omogućuju
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