International Journal of Ayurveda & Alternative Medicine

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VOL 4 eISSN-2348-0173 ISSUE 5 (2016) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985

REVIEW ARTICLE

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CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF HONEY BEE STING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KEETAVISHA IN AYURVED

Laxmikant S. Paymalle1*

1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agadtantra Vidhi Ayurved, Shri Gurudev Ayurved College, Gurukunj Ashram, Amravati, Contact No. +91 7588574019, Email - [email protected]

Article Received on - 10th July 2016 Article Revised on - 25th Aug 2016 Article Accepted on - 29th Dec 2016

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Paymalle L.S., Conceptual Study of Honey Bee Sting with Special Reference to Keetavisha In Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2016; 4(3):227-230

VOL 4 eISSN-2348-0173 ISSUE 5 (2016) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985

REVIEW ARTICLE CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF HONEY BEE STING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KEETAVISHA IN AYURVED

*Corresponding Author ABSTRACT: Honey Bees only sting as a defence mechanism when they feel directly threatened. Laxmikant S. Paymalle Bees give it their all, injecting the entire contents of their venom sac into the skin of Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agadtantra Vidhi their victim. Honeybee stings are common in rural India. Sting of bee causes local Ayurved, Shri Gurudev reaction and also systemic reaction on human body. In some allergic indusial it may Ayurved College, Gurukunj produces Anaphylaxis reaction and may be fetal. Insects usually become Ashram, Amravati, pathological by bites, stings and contact to body. Urbanization and its decaying Contact No. +917588574019, effects on nature, agriculture, gardening etc. results the incidence of insect Email - poisoning. In Ayurved honey bee sting was described under the heading of [email protected] “Keetavisha” and which includes all the poisonous insects. For ordinary bee stings that do not cause any allergic reaction we can use Ayurvedic medicines which are QR Code IJAAM mentioned in various texts. Multiple stings or an allergic reaction, on the other hand, can be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Key Words: Venom, Anaphylaxis, Insect, keetavisha

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INTRODUCTION 1) Phospholipase A (to which most victims are Honey bee belongs to class Insecta and order allergic), Hymenoptera. Insect class includes bees, wasps, 2) Hyaluronidase (to which a smaller number of ants, beetles etc. honey bee sting when threatened victims are allergic), or harmed. Sting of bee causes local reaction and 3) Mellitin (which is an allergic factor for only a also systemic reaction on human body. In some few victims). allergic indusial it may produces Anaphylaxis Bee venom also contains amines, peptides, and reaction and may be fetal. Insects usually become enzymes, which are capable of disrupting a wide pathological by bites, stings and contact to body. array of cell functions, along with histamine, Urbanization and its decaying effects on nature, acetylcholine, serotonin, and kinins, which affect agriculture, gardening etc results the incidence of the rate of venom absorption and can thus modify insect poisoning. In Ayurved honey bee sting was the rate of immune response. [2] Bee venom also described under the heading of “Keetavisha” and contains constituents that have anti-inflammatory which includes all the poisonous insects. A honey properties. Bee venom is used in Oriental medicine bee is able to sting a person or predator using its to treat pain, and it is being researched in the stinger. Honey bee stings are quite painful and United States as a possible treatment for multiple even life threatening to a small percentage of sclerosis and arthritis. [3] people who are allergic to the venom. Honey bees usually sting as a form of defence of themselves or Bee Sting Reactions

their colony. Of the various types bees the bumble The usual reactions following a bee sting are bee(large in size and makes a buzzing sound) is the localized pain, erythema, and swelling. Bee stings only harmless one. They have barbed stinger always cause pain. This reaction typically subsides

which contains two lancets. When exercising sting, in one to two hours. More extensive localized 228 these lancets become firmly anchored to human reactions include swelling over a larger area, often

skin resulting in disengagement of the whole peaking at 48 hours post incident and lasting as Page apparatus from the abdomen. The eviscerated bee long as a week. Severe reactions occurring with soon dies, but the reflex action of the attached bee stings can include the above symptoms and be muscles may continue to inject venom for some accompanied by nausea and fatigue. The most time.[1] serious bee sting reaction is anaphylaxis, which may cause death. Bee venom Bee venom contains three main allergic Anaphylaxis constituents: Anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock) is defined as a life-threatening reaction with respiratory,

Paymalle L.S., Conceptual Study of Honey Bee Sting with Special Reference to Keetavisha In Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2016; 4(3):227-230

VOL 4 eISSN-2348-0173 ISSUE 5 (2016) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985 cardiovascular, cutaneous, or gastrointestinal Chikitsa Upkrama. They are fomentation (sveda), manifestations resulting from exposure to an application of medicine (lepa) and washing the offending agent. The most common symptoms are lesion (seka). Except in the instances of loss of dermal in nature: generalized urticaria, flushing, consciousness, ulceration of the wounds, or and angioedema. More serious symptoms are infection. [7] Treatment given by Atreya [8] respiratory and cardiovascular: upper airway 1) Fumigation by human hair, Shiras, Haridra edema involving the pharynx and epiglottis along (Curcuma longa) & old jaggary for all types of with circulatory collapse associated with shock Bite / sting. and hypotension. Other less common symptoms 2) Ghee mixed with Trivrt (Operculina include diarrhea and uterine contractions. Clinical turpethum) and Tanduliyaka (Amaranthus observations suggest that the sooner the spinosus) for oral consumption. symptoms occur, the more severe the reaction is. 3) Application of paste made of milky sap of tree bark. Treatment of Bee Stings as per modern science 4) Application of paste of mukta (pearl) 1) Washing the site of sting with soap and water 5) Dasangaagada- combination of Vacha (Acorus to prevent infection. calamus), Hingu (Ferula narthex), Vidanga 2) Most bee stings require no treatment other (Embelia ribes), Saindhava (Rock salt), than localized applications of cold compresses Gajapippali (Piper chaba), Patha (Cissampelos and removing the bee stinger if it is present. pareira), Ativisha (Aconitum hetrophylum) 3) Analgesics to reduce pain Suntha (Zingiber officinale) Marich (Piper 4) Antihistamine to relive itching and to nigrum) and Pippali (Piper longum) formed decrease inflammation. into a paste and taken with water will subside 5) Corticosteroids to prevent severe allergic all types of Kita Visha. reaction. 6) Seeds of Sirisa (Albizzia lebbeck) soaked and 6) Adrenaline may be used in particularly severe macerated for three times in the milky sap of cases to address more serious generalized arka (Calotropis procera) and then mixed with reactions such as laryngeal edema, severe Pippali (Piper longum) powder is the agada asthma, and shock or loss of consciousness. (antidote) that destroys the poison of insects. 7) Intravenous fluids may also be administered. Sushruta Samhita Honey Bee Sting in Ayurveda In Sushrut Samhita honey bee sting was explained Ashrangahrdayam: in Kita Kalpa Adhyaya. He describes kita (insect) of In Ashrangahrdayam bee stings is addressed in four type’s i.e. vata, pitta, kapha, and sannipattika. larger context of insects bite. It also termed as Kita [9] Danhsa. They are born from the feces, urine, 1. There are eighteen classes of Vatagenic semen, egg and dead body of snake. Insects are insects; their poison tends to “aggravate and divided into four types i.e. vata, pitta, kapha and derange the bodily Vayu.” sannipattika. [4] When one is bitten by an insect of 2. There are twenty-four Pitta types of insect; vatapredominance, the sensation of prickling pain they are of a fiery temperament and their is greatly increased. When one is bitten by an poison has the effect of aggravating the bodily insect with pitta predominance, there is less Pitta. exudation but a greater burning sensation, 3. The thirteen Kaphic insects aggravate and redness, spreading of symptoms, and the derange Kapha Dosha.

appearance like a ripe pilu (Salvadora persica) 4. There are twelve kinds of insects whose bites fruit. When the bite is precipitated by an insect are fatal. These are the sannipattika insects. with kapha predominance, there is mild pain, and Sushrut made distinctions between the sets of

the swelling appears like a ripe Udumbara (Ficus symptoms produced by “sharp-poisoned” insects 229 glomerata) fruit. When the bite is of a sannipattika and “mild-poisoned” insects. Symptoms from the

nature, there are copious exudates, presence of all sharp poisoned insects are, fever, aching pain in Page of the previous symptoms, and this is so difficult to the limbs, goose bumps, vomiting, thirst, loss of treat that the practitioner should reject the patient. consciousness, a burning sensation in the body, [5] As poisoning progresses swelling occurs at the yawning, shaking of the limbs, dyspnea, hiccups, site of sting, the blood becomes foul smelling, a the eruption of pustules, the appearance of nodular feeling of heaviness in head and eyes; fainting, glands, circular erythematous patches on the skin, dizziness, dyspnea, and severe pain occur. A ring- ringworm, erysipelas, keloid tumors, swelling of like swelling at the site of the bite/sting appears the site of injury, a burning or cold sensation at the along with fever, itching, and a loss of appetite. [6] site of injury, and any other doshic-specific For the Kita Damhsa atreya gives three types of symptoms.[10] The symptoms induced from “mild-

Paymalle L.S., Conceptual Study of Honey Bee Sting with Special Reference to Keetavisha In Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2016; 4(3):227-230

VOL 4 eISSN-2348-0173 ISSUE 5 (2016) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985 poisoned” insects are salivation, an aversion to According to vitiation of dosha (i.e. vata, pitta, food, vomiting, heaviness in the head, a slight kapha and sannipattika) remedies are given in sensation of cold, the appearance of pustules, and Ayurvedic ghranthas. All these medicine are easily urticaria. available so we can use these remedies in honey bee sting. Treatment of Kita dansha :- A bite which is neither depressed nor raised but CONCLUSION very much swollen with pain but unattended with Treatment of bee sting will depend on the severity any pain in the seat itself just after the bite should of condition. There is no any specific anti-venom be regarded as not easily amenable to any medical for insect bite or sting. Majority of problems remedy. The measures of fomenting, plastering requiring medical treatment result from the and hot washing would prove efficacious in these allergic reaction to the sting. Many of the cases, except in the event of insect bitten patient complications from an allergic reaction respond having been found to have been fainting away on well to various medications-when given in time. account of suppuration and sloughing in the seat of For ordinary bee stings that do not cause any the bite, in which case all kind of cleansing ( allergic reaction we can use Ayurvedic medicines emetic, purgative etc) and anti-poisonous measure which are mentioned in various ghranthas. should be adopted. The growth (if any) of papillae Multiple stings or an allergic reaction, on the other around the seat of the bite should be removed after hand, can be a medical emergency that requires the swelling has subsided by the application of a immediate treatment. Although most stings do not poultice consisting of Nimba leaves (Azadirachta require medical care, but some stings can be indica), Trivrit (Operculina turpethum), Danti serious or even fatal. If you have the slightest (Baliospermum montanum), Kusumbha Apamarga suspicion that someone is having a generalized or flower (Achyranthes aspera), Rajani (Curcuma allergic reaction, seek emergency medical care longa), honey, Guggul (Comiphora mukul), immediately. Saindhava (Rock salt), Kinva, and the dung of a pigeon. A dosha-pacifying diet should also be REFERENCES prescribed. [11] 1. Krishanvij, Textbook of forensic medicine and Toxicology, 4th ed. Elsevier A division of Reed Elsevier India private limited,2008 p. 624 DISCUSSION 2. Apurba Nandy, Principles of Forensic Medicine Including In Ayurvedic classes Insects are divided into four Toxicology,3rd ed., New Central Book Agency (p) Ltd types i.e. Vata, Pitta, Kapha and Sannipattika and Kolkata 700009, 2010 p.833 accordingly they produce signs and symptoms. 3. Chemiack E.P, Bugs as drugs, part 1: Insect the “new” alternative medicine for the 21st century. Altern Med Rev When one is bitten by an insect of vata 2010 July 15(2): 124-35, predominance, the prickling pain is the main 4. Ganesh Garde, Sartha Vagbhata 7thed, Maharashtra symptoms. With a pitta predominance insect, there Sahakari Mudranalay, Pune,1983, p.467 is less exudation but a greater burning sensation, 5. Ibid 6. Ganesh Garde, Sartha Vagbhata 7thed, Maharashtra redness, spreading of symptoms, and the Sahakari Mudranalay, Pune,1983, p.468 appearance like a ripe Pilu (Salvadorapersica) 7. Ibid fruit..When the bite is precipitated by an insect 8. Ganesh Garde, Sartha Vagbhata 7thed, Maharashtra with a kaphic predominance, there is mild pain, Sahakari Mudranalaya, Pune, 1983, p.469- 470. 9. Ambikadata Shatri, Shushrut Samhita, 12thed. and the swelling appears like a ripe Udumbara Chaukhambha Publication, New Delhi, 2001, p.64 (Ficus glomerata) fruit. When the bite is of a 10. Ibid, p.65

sannipattika nature, there are copious exudates, 11. Ibid, p.79 presence of all of the previous symptoms.

CITE THIS ARTICLE AS – 230 Paymalle L.S., Conceptual Study of Honey Bee Sting with Special Reference to Keetavisha In Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2016; 4(5):227-230 Page Source of Support – Nil Conflict of Interest – None Declared

Paymalle L.S., Conceptual Study of Honey Bee Sting with Special Reference to Keetavisha In Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2016; 4(3):227-230

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