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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Crustáceos 2020 Citación Recomendada / Recommended Citation

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Crustáceos 2020 Citación Recomendada / Recommended Citation Os nomes galegos dos crustáceos 2020 Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (2020): Os nomes galegos dos crustáceos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave http://www.achave.ga /wp!content/up oads/achave_osnomesga egosdos"crustaceos.pd# Fotografía: queimacasas (Pachygrapsus marmoratus ). Autor: Piero Perrone. $sta o%ra est& su'eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto( con reco)ecemento da autor*a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. +esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/deed.g . 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Neste documento fornécense denominacións para especies de crustáceos galegas (e) ou europeas, aínda que tamén para especies doutras latitudes relativamente coñecidas (por estaren presentes nos medios de divulgación con certa frecuencia, polo seu interese científico, gastronómico, acuariófilo ou por outros diversos motivos). En total, achégase o nome galego para !" especies de crustáceos do mundo # "$% presentes na xeografía galega e $%' doutras latitudes. A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica que considera as ordes, superfamilias e familias de crustáceos, onde se apunta, de maneira xeral, os nomes das especies que hai en cada familia. ( seguir vén o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, de maneira específica, alén do nome científico, os nomes galegos e ingleses dos crustáceos. Nesta listaxe específica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas. *estácanse como galegas mesmo especies que só se teñen atopado puntualmente en augas galegas, como por exemplo a gam+a manchada (Melicertus kerathurus, ,Penaeus kerathurus), o caranguexo azul (Callinectes sapidus) ou o cempernas espiñento (Neolithodes grimaldi ). (o final inclúese unha lista de referencias +ibliográficas que foron utilizadas para a ela+oración do presente documento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os crustáceos, quer xenéricos quer específicos. Outras referencias achegan nomes para os crustáceos noutras linguas, que tamén foron tidos en conta. (lén diso, na lista +ibliográfica inclúense algunhas referencias +ásicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados. 2 Tratamento terminolóxico ( primeira cousa foi escollermos caranguexo como denominación xenérica recomendá+el entre caranguexo e cangrexo. En galego úsase calquera un, caranguexo ou cangrexo, con moita frecuencia. /ai tamén outras formas menos ha+ituais, como cranguexo e cangarexo. Na 0have dámoslle preferencia ao primeiro termo que mencionamos, caranguexo, por quedar así máis harmonizado co portugués, un criterio que favorece a aceptación e incorporación da terminoloxía por parte de moitos usuarios1as da lingua. 2ara a ela+oración do corpo do documento, o primeiro recurso foi o léxico vernáculo galego. Existe en galego unha montoeira de nomes para as especies de crustáceos, como xa se pode esperar por ter 3aliza unha costa extensa e rica. 4oitos deles son nomes xenéricos, como arneirón e craca, para especies da familia 5alanidae6 araña do mar, para especies das familias Oregonídeos, Inaquídeos e 4axídeos (superfamilia 4axoídeos)6 camarón, para moitas especies das superfamilias 0rangonoídeos, 2andaloídeos e 2alemonídeos (de maneira destacada, para Palaemon serratus ) 6 lagostino, para algunhas especies da familia Nefropídeos (de maneira particular, para Nephrops norvegicus ) 6 gam+a, para as especies da familia 2eneídeos (de maneira particular, para Parapenaeus longirostris) 6 lagosta, para as especies da familia 2alinurídeos (de maneira particular, para Palinurus elephas ) 6 papulo, que designa de maneira xenérica os crustáceos que parasitan os peixes, tamén chamados piollos dos peixes (de maneira particular, Anilocra physodes ) etc. /ai tamén en galego nomes vernáculos específicos, como santiaguiño para Scyllarus arctus , cara+ineiro para Aristaeopsis edwardsiana 6 +oi, entre outros, para Cancer pagurus 6 dormiñón para Atelecyclus undecimdentatus 6 gaiva para Calappa granulata 6 queimacasas para o caranguexo Pachygrapsus marmoratus 6 cranga, peludo e felpudo para Eriphia verrucosa (, Eriphia spinifrons ) 6 centola para Maja rachydactyla (,Maja gigantea ) 6 lum+rigante, entre outros, para !omarus gammarus 6 patexo, entre outros, para Poly ius henslowii 6 mesmo algúns nomes vernáculos con modificador como saltón da area e saltón da praia para "alitrus saltator 6 pulga do mar para #ammarus locusta 6 pulga do cuberto para Corophium volutator 6 percebe do pau e percebe da madeira para Lepas anatifera 6 percebe da pedra, percebe da som+riza e percebe mexón, entre outros, para Pollicipes pollicipes 6 zapateiro peludo para %romia personata (,%romia vulgaris ) etc. En publicacións terminolóxicas e carcinolóxicas galegas téñense achegado tamén nomes para algúns crustáceos, as máis das veces formados a partir de denominacións vernáculas, como santiaguiño vermello para Scyllarides herklotsii , santiaguiño do 4editerráneo para Scyllarides latus , santiaguiño pequeno para Scyllarus pygmaeus, +oi +oreal para Cancer orealis, +oi dentado para Cancer ellianus, lagosta de 4ozam+ique para Palinurus gilchristi, lagosta do 0a+o para &asus lalandii, arneirón australiano para Austrominius modestus (,Elminius modestus ), arneirón xigante para Austromega alanus psittacus (,Mega alanus psittacus ), ou nomes xenéricos como cempernas para as especies das familias Lithoididae e /omolidae (cos específicos cempernas para Paromola cuvieri e cempernas espiñento para Neolithodes grimaldi ). Os anteditos e outros con esta mesma procedencia inclúense neste recurso léxico. 2rocurouse así mesmo na lusofonía, seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas Normas ortogr'ficas e morfol(xicas do idioma galego (R(3 e 783) do ano %::$# ;2ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, 3 nomeadamente no referido aos ám+itos científico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre que esta adopción non for contraria ás características estruturais do galego”. *este xeito, incorporáronse ou adaptáronse algunhas denominacións xenéricas, como carochas para os decápodes do xénero Munida, tatuciños para os isópodes da familia (rmadilídeos, lagostas peludas para as especies da familia =inaxídeos ou camaronciños para as especies suramericanas do xénero Potimirim, por exemplo, e denominacións específicas, como camarón riscado xigante para Plesionika williamsi, camarón lixo para Penaeus rasiliensis, camarón +ar+arruza para Artemisia longinaris, camarón rosado do sur e gam+a de (ngola para Penaeus notialis, gam+ón para Pleoticus muelleri, lagostino espiñoso para Acanthacaris tenuimana, caranguexo amarelo e caranguexo ladrón para &ohngarthia lagostoma, caranguexo dos coqueiros para *irgus latro, caranguexo sangrador para Portunus sanguinolentus, caranguexo xudeu para #rapsus grapsus, catañón para Neohelice granulata etc. 2or outro lado, para algunhas especies exóticas suramericanas recorreuse a nomes vernáculos indíxenas. (sí, achéganse nomes que foron incorporados ao +rasileiro a partir do tupí, como por exemplo caxangá (Callinectes marginatus , caranguexo da familia 2ortunídeos), guaruzá (caranguexos da familia Ocipodídeos), guaiam- (Cardisoma guanhumi, caranguexo da familia >ecarcinídeos) etc., recollidos neste recurso léxico como sinónimos doutros nomes ou como nome principal, segundo as especies. 2ara especies relativamente coñecidas, cando menos en ám+itos divulgativos da carcinoloxía, tomáronse para o galego as mesmas denominacións que, coincidentes, se usan en diversos idiomas. (sí, por exemplo, nomes xenéricos como camarón cágado para as especies da familia ?riopsídeos (notostráceos), ou nomes específicos como caranguexo do *anubio ou lagostino do *anubio para Astacus leptodactylus, caranguexo no+re ou lagostino no+re para Astacus astacus, caranguexo de capacete para Corystes cassivelaunus, caranguexo gazami ( ;gazami”, nome xaponés adoptado internacionalmente) para Portunus trituberculatus, camarón soldado para Plesionika edwardsii, camarón frecha para Plesionika heterocarpus, camarón alamango ( adaptación de ;alamang”, nome adoptado do tagalo internacionalmente) para a especie Acetes sibogae, camarón tsiva@ihini ( ;tsiva@ihini”, nome adoptado do malgaxe internacionalmente) para a especie Acetes erythraeus, camaróns nailon para as especies do xénero !eterocarpus, ermitán areeiro para %iogenes pugilator etc., que noutros idiomas teñen estes mesmos nomes ou modificadores. Un caso particular é o de tres especies de camaróns asiáticos # Acetes chinensis, Acetes serrulatus e Acetes intermedius, moi parecidos entre eles e todos tres próximos na súa área de distribución, chamados en inglés, respectivamente, northern mauxia shrimp, southern mauxia shrimp e "aiwan mauxia shrimp. Estes nomes ingleses foron adoptados polo francés (chevrette mauxia nordique, chevrette mauxia méridionale etc.) e polo español (camaroncillo mauxia norteño, camaroncillo mauxia sureño...). ( denominación ;mauxia” provén do chinés, aínda que orixinariamente a pala+ra é maoxia # o nome chinés para o camarón Acetes chinensis é maoxia, e igualmente é 4aoxia o nome dunha rexión da illa de /ainan 4 (o nome chinés do camarón deriva do nome chinés desa rexión). *e feito, tamén en inglés Acetes chinensis recibiu os nomes northern maoxia shrimp e northern Maoxia shrimp, aínda que despois popularizouse nos ám+itos divulgativos coa variante mauxia, usouse esta mesma denominación (“mauxia”) para as outras dúas especies de Acetes e así mesmo foi calcado polo francés e polo español. Na adopción e adaptación
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