United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

Pro-poor Water and Wastewater

Management in Small Towns

Wastewater Treatment Facility in the Muntinlupa Public Market

PHILIPPINES

CONTENT

SECTION 1: BACKGROUND ...... 3

SECTION 2: PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS...... 12

SECTION 3: OUTCOMES ...... 22

SECTION 4: SUSTAINABILITY ...... 25

SECTION 5: POLICY IMPLICATIONS ...... 26

SECTION 6: INFORMATION SOURCES AND VERIFICATION ...... 26

SECTION 7: CERTIFICATION ...... 31 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

SECTION 1: BACKGROUND

1.1. Name of the practice

The Muntinlupa City Public Market Wastewater Treatment Facility: The first low-cost, low- maintenance wastewater treatment facility in the Philippines.

1.2 Location

Montillano St., Barangay Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

1.3. Focus

Supported by the United States Agency International Development (USAID) through its Local Initiative for Affordable Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) this project aims to assist selected local government units in the Philippines with installing their own low-cost wastewater treatment facilities.

This effort further intends to help LGUs comply with the deadlines and requirements mandated by the Philippine Clean Water Act 2004. Four (4) cities in the country (including Muntinlupa) were selected by USAID to be the pilot areas for the LINAW project, which targets public markets and slaughterhouses. This is due to the “high-strengths” waste materials that are produced from these locations.

This case study documents the wastewater treatment facility in the public market, and describes additional policies developed to address water and sanitation concerns in Muntinlupa City (notably the LINAW project financed by USAID). This documentation also describes the processes undertaken by the City of Muntinlupa with help from its partners; USAID, PADCO and the League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP).

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This study examines the design of the treatment facility and how Muntinlupa City was able to maximize its resources (mainly financial) to construct the facility at the same time comply with the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004.

1.4 Scale of the practice

The construction of the facility amounted to P6.7 million (approximately $130,000)1 that was solely funded by the local government. The breakdown of these costs were P4.5 million (material cost); P890,167 (construction labor cost); P222,541 (administrative assistance-labor cost); P271,825 (earth works) and P758,089 (mark-up).

Monthly expenditures for the operation of the facility are twenty-seven thousand pesos (P27,000) for maintenance and salaries of its two (2) employees to cover monitoring operations, electricity and maintenance. The average wastewater output flow is 210 cubic meters of sewage per day with a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of approximately 600 milligrams per liter. Fifty (50%) percent of this is discharged into rivers that feed directly into Laguna Lake. The remaining treated water is used for irrigation, flushing toilets, and street cleaning.

The facility serves an estimated population of 1,445 stall owners, 4800 vendors and workers and 4,500 average daily customers. In addition, the facility indirectly serves 13 million people, mainly residents of Metro Manila and Laguna Province, including the 3.5 million people who live along the lakeshore areas.2

1.5 Duration of the practice

Inaugurated in April 2006, the treatment plant is expected to function for 30 years.

1.6 Socioeconomic environment

Recognized as one of several highly urbanized cities3 in Metro Manila Muntinlupa is located on the southwestern coast of Laguna de Bay. It is bordered on the north by Taguig, to the northwest by Parañaque, by Las Piñas on the west, to the southwest by the Province of Cavite, on the south by the Province of Laguna, and on the east by Laguna de Bay. The city is surrounded by 14 creeks and rivers where largely poor communities have settled4. With a population of 379,310 (2000) with an annual growth rate of 3.14 percent, Muntinlupa has nine (9) barangays5 covering a total land mass of 4,670 hectares.

1 At 2006 exchange rate of US$1 = Php 51.5 2 Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) Website www.llda.gov.ph 3 Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) are cities that has minimum population of 200, 000 inhabitants and with an annual income of at least P50 Million. Philippine Local Government Code of 1991, Book III, Chapter 1, Section 452 4 Official Website of Muntinlupa City - www.muntinlupacity.gov.ph 5 Barangay is the basic political unit that serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community. It is managed by a Punong Barangay (village

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Table 1: Total population, household population, number of household population, land area (By Barangay, Census 2000)

Total Household Number of Area (sq. Population Population Households kms) City of Muntinlupa 379,310 370,333 78,016 46.70 Alabang 48,002 47,111 10,350 8.064 Bayanan 33,217 33,164 6,972 0.784 Buli 8,950 8,933 1,856 0.437 Cupang 47,235 46,635 10,075 5.370 Poblacion 49,128 43,232 8,890 6.131 Putatan 82,276 81,013 16,572 6.746 Sucat 46,552 46,459 10,408 2.623 Tunasan 44,306 44,159 9,578 9.596 New Alabang Village 19,644 19,627 3,307 6.949 *Source: NSO& Muntinlupa Accounting Department

In 2004, the city of Muntinlupa reported an estimated total income of 1 billion pesos. Compared to other cities in Metro Manila such as Quezon City (P2.65 B)6, Pasig City (P1, 858.76 M)7 and Las Piñas City (P 990 M)8. Although Muntinlupa has a relatively lower income compared to surrounding cities, the city has the potential and capacity to provide higher quality services to its constituents.

Table 2: CITY INCOME 1993-2004 Year Amount (Php) 1993 212,464,825.79 1994 234,083,846.03 1995 299,800,105.80 1996 466,767,989.29 1997 569,176,771.82 1998 559,577,937.71 1999 764,784,990.53 2000 991,563,296.01 2001 914,111,772.93 2002 838,317,462.37 2003 1,089,455,696.23 2004 (as of Nov.2004) 1,013,888,606.54 *Source: Accounting Department, City of Muntinlupa

chief) and seven (7) Sangguning Barangay members (local barangay council). Philippine Local Government Code of 1991, Book III, Chap. 1, Section 1 6 Quezon City Official Website- http://quezoncity.gov.ph 7 Annual Audit Report 1998 – www.coa.gov.ph 8 Manila Standard Today , Jan 2006 – www.manilastandardtoday.com

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One of the largest public markets in Muntinlupa is located at Montillano St., Barangay Alabang, which covers over 20,000 square meters, The market has 1, 235 covered stores and offices, storage facilities restrooms, parking and delivery areas, water tanks and asphalt roadways.

Operating 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, Muntinlupa Public Market is strategically located making it accessible to neighboring cities.

On the downside of every public market are high amounts of waste materials that are generated each day. Next to domestic households, public markets are the second main contributor of waste. Wastewaters collected from the public market are “high strength” containing high levels of organic material, suspended solids, fats, oils and grease. Consequently the wastewater disposed from markets is high-risk and extremely contaminated.

1.7 Access to water and sanitation services

For years the Philippines has been struggling to effectively manage wastewater and address the ever increasing rate of water-borne diseases that are released into urban areas from these untreated water sources. According to a research conducted by World Bank9, twelve (12) Filipinos die everyday due to exposure to unsanitary water. Further, studies show that households are the main source of waste.

To address this serious issue, The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Attachment 1) mandated the local government units to “share the responsibility in the management and improvement of water quality within their territorial jurisdictions. Each LGU was required to prepare a compliance scheme within six months once the water quality management action plan is completed.”

The law requires that within five (5) years, all subdivisions, condominiums, commercial centers, hotels, hospitals, market places, and public buildings be connected to a sewerage system. According to World Bank, over 90 per cent of all sewage generated in the Philippines is not treated. Water-borne diseases accounted for nearly 31% of all reported illness from 1996-2000. Economic losses from water-borne diseases alone exceed P2.3 billion a year.

Further, LGUs are required to play a significant role in water quality management planning, regulatory program development, and implementation, including enforcement. These tasks add an additional burden to the local government units aside from the numerous responsibilities such as education, health and others.

Like most cities in the country, Muntinlupa City is faced with health and water related issues due to scarcity and/or lack of access to clean water. Furthermore, with the approval of the Clean Water Act, Muntinlupa City is obligated to take necessary actions to comply with the law and provide better services to its communities.

9 Philippine Environment Monitor 2003 - http://www.worldbank.org.ph

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According to sanitation experts, public markets are second main source of wastewater with relatively high strengths of discharges. Untreated wastewater that originates from the public market is diverted to the creek, and then flows directly into Laguna Lake, one of the main sources of drinking water in Metro Manila. In addition the majority of the slaughterhouses dispose of their waste water into the eight (8) tributaries or river systems10 in Muntinlupa City. According to USAID, only six (6) out of one hundred eighteen (18) Philippine cities have sewerage systems and the rest rely on inadequate on-site systems or deep wells.

The immediate need for the city’s action to face these issues was also burdened by the possible closure of the public markets if it failed to abide by the new regulations, which in turn would cause massive layoffs.

Challenged by the enactment of the said legislation and the increasing problem on wastewater, Muntinlupa City together with its local and international partners developed strategies that would address these issues.

1.8 Institutional structure

To address the waster water issue, Muntinlupa City set up the Lake Management Office (LMO) whose function was to manage and protect the lake resource of the city. Covering a total area of 5,904 hectares, the IMO took over operations of monitoring and controlling river pollution, implement environmental laws, regulating structures in the lake community and serving the fishermen who relied on the lake for their livelihood. At present, the LMO’s volunteers, dubbed the “Environmental Army” are responsible for clearing waste and addressing pollution issues. This initiative under the Muntinlupa City River Rehabilitation and Protection Foundation organizes efforts with other barangay’s to encourage clean up activities in their perspective communities.

As early as 2002, the local government signed Local Ordinance No. 02-070 (Annex 2) to prohibit any person from discharging or disposing any untreated wastewater, sludge, oil, chemical, or other waste to any part of the City of Muntinlupa. This ordinance addressed pollution issues that would endanger the environmental condition of the city’s lake, rivers, creeks, and waterways.

This policy was set up to ensure proper disposal of wastewater and gives strict sanctions for noncompliance: (a) For individual: A fine that ranges from P1,000.00 to P3,000.00; (b) For Establishments: A fine of P5,000.00 for outright violation and additional P1,000.00 per day in case of continuous violation and/or closure of establishment.

Further, under the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Annex 1), the following government bodies are mandated to implement the law at the national and local level.

10 Official Website of Muntinlupa City-www.muntinlupacity.gov.ph www.unescap.org/pdd/water 7 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

Local Government Units (LGUs)

Section 20 of the Clean Water Act states that, the local government units “shall share the responsibility in the management and improvement of water quality within their territorial jurisdictions.” Further, LGUs are instructed to develop and establish a water quality management area action plan that is aligned with the National Framework on Integrated Water Quality Management. In particular, LGUs shall perform the following powers and functions:

• Monitor water quality

• Take active participation in all efforts concerning water quality protection and rehabilitation

• Coordinate with other government agencies -- such as the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Health (DOH), Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Philippine Information Agency (PIA); and the civil society and concerned sectors in the implementation of measures to prevent and control water pollution

Department of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR)

As mandated by the Philippine Clean Water Act 2004, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) shall be the primary government agency responsible for the implementation and & enforcement of the Act. Specifically, DENR shall have the following functions, power and responsibilities:

• Prepare an Annual National Water Quality Status Report,

• Prepare an Integrated Water Quality Management Framework,

• Prepare a ten (10) year Water Quality Management Area Action Plan,

• Review and set effluent standards,

• Exercise jurisdiction over all aspects of water pollution, determine location, causes, effects and others,

• Establish a cooperative effort in partnership with the government, LGUs, academic institutions, civil society and private sector to attain the objectives of the policy,

• Disseminate information and conduct education awareness and value formation programs, • Promote and encourage private and business sectors especially manufacturing and processing plants the use of water quality management systems equipment such as wastewater treatment collection and treatment facilities. www.unescap.org/pdd/water 8 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

Business and Industry Sector

Under the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, the business and industry sector also has roles in environmental management. Section 21 of RA 9275 [explanation needed, what is RA 9275] states that “the DENR and the LGUs, in coordination with the appropriate government agencies, and in consultation with the business and industry sectors including commerce, shall formulate appropriate incentives for the adoption procedures that will preserve and protect water bodies through the introduction of innovative equipment and processes that reduce if totally eliminated discharge of pollutants into water bodies.” Further, RA 9275 mandates the following institutions to build linkage mechanisms with the DENR and other stakeholders:

a. Philippine Coast Guard b. Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) c. Department of Agriculture (DA) d. Department of Health (DOH) e. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) f. Department of Education (DepEd) g. Commission on Higher Education (CHED) h. Philippine Information Agency (PIA) and i. Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

1.9 Practice’s Key partners

A. United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

USAID is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. Through supporting long-term and equitable economic growth USAID promotes U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting, economic growth, agriculture and trade; global health; democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance.

The types of assistance USAID provides include technical assistance and capacity building; training and scholarships; food aid and disaster relief; infrastructure construction; small- enterprise loans; budget support; enterprise funds and credit guarantees.

USAID supports The Muntinlupa City Public Market Wastewater Treatment Facility under their flagship project dubbed, “Local Initiatives for Affordable Wastewater Treatment” (LINAW) project. While the city has funded the project, USAID provided technical assistance and expertise in designing a wastewater treatment facility, The Social Marketing Plan, USAID initiated, aims to raise public awareness on water and sanitation while encouraging participation from the people to support the wastewater management project.

B. Planning and Development Collaborative International, Inc. (PADCO, Inc.)

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To ensure the smooth implementation of the program, Muntinlupa signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) (Annex 3) with the Planning and Development Collaborative International, Inc. (PADCO, Inc.), an American based international development-consulting firm, under contract with the United States Government through the USAID.

With over 35 years experience involved with, urban and environmental infrastructure strategies and action plans. PADCO assisted two LGUs USAID-funded Integrated Water Resource Alliance (IWRA) projects conduct integrated water resources planning and management.

PADCO provided advice and assistance on accessing financing for the project and suggested innovative financing schemes, particularly private sector participation.

Additionally they were instrumental in promoting sustainable local livelihoods, economic development, and environmental conservation.

C. Muntinlupa City

Aligned with Local Government Code (LGC) and the signed agreement with PADCO, the City of Muntinlupa coordinates and leads all activities of the project at the local level, including the data collection and consultations with stakeholders. In its entirety, Muntinlupa performed the following:

• Established a Water Quality Management Team to implement the activities;

• Sought Sangguniang Panglungsod/Bayan (City Council) approval of this MOU and major project outputs, including the Action Plan and Pre-Investment Study for the pilot project; • Identified selected members of the Team to participate in local and international site visits/study tours;

• With assistance from PADCO, developed pilot project designs and pre-investment studies for one or more priority sanitation/wastewater management facilities complete with financing and implementation plans. Project funds were available to assist the LGU in contracting engineering services to undertake detailed engineering work;

• Using designated project funds, contracted the services of a local public relations/communications firm to conduct a public awareness campaign on wastewater and sanitation and oversee their work to ensure quality and timeliness;

• With assistance from PADCO, marketed the pilot project to potential funders and attempted to secure financing, including loans, to implement the project. The LGU confirms that it has sufficient borrowing capacity to support some form of loan obligation, or has sufficient experience in resource mobilization for projects; and

• Implement the pilot project.

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Further, Muntinlupa is expected to set up activities with a detailed work plan to ensure smooth implementation of the project activities. In this way, the other LGUs will have the opportunity to review the work plan and provide comments.

D. Muntinlupa City Public Market Cooperative - Kilusang Bayan ng Magtitinda ng Bayang Pamilihang Muntinlupa (KBMBPM)

The Muntinlupa Public Market Cooperative is managed by the local government to provide better services to its stall owners, vendors and customers. With a staff of 150 who oversee the public market, they manage the collection of the “user’s fee” for the use of the wastewater treatment facility.

This office basically manages the operation of the public market and deals with the concerns of the stall owners and vendors. Although the market has been recognized as one of the cleanest public markets in Metro Manila, it was only after the construction of the facility that the market received additional attention from the City office, local and international organizations, local government units and the media. The vendors and stall owners are proud of the waste water facility, including the benefits and changes that have been accomplished since the construction of the facility.

E. League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP)

As the umbrella organization of all cities in the Philippines, the League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP) actively supports the waste water treatment project. Through campaigns activities based on the success of the project, the LCP expects to replicate this project in other communities.

Their effort to showcase the practice of Muntinlupa helped other LGUs realize the importance of treating wastewater and its contributions related to the environment, health and economic development.

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SECTION 2: PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS

2.1 Initiation, Planning and Design

A. Initiation Stage

Muntinlupa City was searching for low-cost technology that would enable them to set up their own wastewater treatment facility in the public market in order to comply with the clean water act and prevent the closure of the market.

Upon learning of USAID’s LINAW Project, the Muntinlupa City submitted their proposal for assistance. Soon after they were chosen as one of the beneficiaries of the project.

The Local Initiatives for Affordable Wastewater Treatment (LINAW)11 project was developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Specifically, the LINAW project was aimed to improve water quality management by local government units through the promotion and adoption of low-cost sanitation technology and innovative financing solutions. The project consisted of the following objectives:

• Develop wastewater and sanitation strategies through a participatory stakeholder process, including the identification of medium and long term strategies;

• Implement incremental steps for low-cost technology solutions to address site-specific sanitation and wastewater management problems; and

• Develop a social marketing plan and implement a public awareness campaign12 regarding sanitation and wastewater problems, management issues, and technology and financing options (Annex 4)

Through the assistance of USAID’s LINAW PROJECT, Muntinlupa City designed and developed a wastewater management system and installed a low-cost wastewater treatment facility that uses a hybrid design.

In its entirety, this project aims to lessen pollution and alleviate poverty by providing cleaner, safer water, improving work environments and addressing health issues. Specifically, this initiative intends to:

• Address the high levels of water pollution in Muntinlupa City and Laguna de Bay,

• Help provide greater access to clean and safe water,

11 USAID LINAW Final Report 2006 12 Muntinlupa launched the Poso Di Negra Campaign in 2006 to raise awareness of the people on the issues on water and sanitation and the importance of cleaning and/or treating wastewater. This initiative was also supported USAID and LCP.

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• Lower the pollution level of the wastewater from the existing 600 milligrams per liter of biochemical oxygen demean (BOD) to less than 30 which would lessen the pollution levels and water borne diseases. In the waterways and Laguna Lake,

• Serve as a blueprint for other local government units to follow to ensure the safety of its constituents against possible water contamination emanating from dirty septic tanks and sewage,

• Raise awareness on effective solutions for domestic waste disposal,

• Comply with the Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275),

• Help to prevent closure of the public market and protect the livelihood of the vendors, stall owners and low income families working in the market.

B. Planning Stage

Muntinlupa City organized a Technical Working Group (TWG) that spearheaded the development and implementation of the project components. The TWG is composed of the following representations:

• City Mayor • City Environment and Natural Resources Officer • City Planning Officer • Health Officer • City Engineer • Representative from Water District • Representatives from non-government organizations • City Council

The TWG conducted consultation activities and engaged local stakeholders to identify the sources of pollution and generate ideas for the development of their work plan. The results of the consultations were used by the TWG to draft strategy and action plans. Further, the local engineers and technical staff were trained on proper design and management of wastewater treatment facilities through training and study visits to the US, Indonesia and Vietnam.

C. Design Stage

With knowledge acquired from the training sessions and study visits and results from the consultations, the TWG designed the facility. The group considered the location, cost, resources, technical-know-how/ capacities, technology selection and options to recover investments for the construction of the facility.

The design of the facility depended on the area where it was constructed. With limited space available, the wastewater treatment was constructed under a parking facility.

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2.2 Practice in operation

Stage 1: Design Consideration

The Muntinlupa City in close coordination with USAID and PADCO constructed the Muntinlupa Public Market Wastewater Treatment Facility using a Hybrid technology. This design was based upon one used in the United States which the Muntinlupa delegates had visited during their visit to the US.

In designing for the treatment facility, the Muntinlupa Technical Working Group (TWG) considered the following: a. Target beneficiary of the facility: The treatment facility directly benefited 1,488 stall owners, 4,800 active vendors and workers and an average of 4,500 daily customers. b. Site Specifications: The wastewater treatment facility that Muntinlupa constructed was only limited to 160 sq. meters. To maximize the use of the area, the treatment facility was constructed under the parking lot. The main reactor was designed by a structural engineer to withstand the heavy loads of cars and trucks using the parking area. c. Construction Cost and Investment Return Scheme: TWG also considered the expected total construction cost and expected benefit or returns from the facility. The TWG chose a lower cost design with an effective short-term investment return scheme. d. Technology consideration: Aside from the Hybrid design, other technologies were considered by Muntinlupa TWG, but were rejected based on the following reasons:

1. SEWAGE LAGOONS- while this technology is effective at treating high-strength wastewater, lagoons require a large land area and this was not available at Muntinlupa Public Market.

2. CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS- this technology also requires large land area with additional pre-treatment devices to reduce high-strength of wastewater. This proved to be impractical.

3. ACTIVATED SLUDGE- this is commonly used for high strength wastewater treatment, however the cost for installation is expensive and requires long-term operation and maintenance systems. This is not applicable to Muntinlupa.

4. TRICKLING FILTER- this technology is also suited for high strength wastewater, but the rotating biological contractor (RBC)13 could not be effectively installed below the parking area.

13 Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC) are mechanical secondary treatment systems, which are robust and capable of withstanding surges in organic load. www.iwk.com

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Below is a summary of the technologies considered for the Muntinlupa Wastewater Treatment Facility:

Type of Technology Capital O&M Land Remarks Cost Monthly Requirements (Estimates) ABR/SBR HYBRID $130,000 $500 150 sq. m Selected by the TWG LAGOON $80,000 $175 2000 sq. m Space constraint CONSTRUCTED $120,000 $175 1500 sq. m Space constraint WETLANDS ACTIVATED $200,000 $700 150 sq. m Cost/space/ O&M SLUDGE TRICKLING FILTER $200,000 $700 150 sq. m Cost/space/O&M

Stage 2: Construction of the Hybrid design

After selecting the applicable design and existing resources of Muntinlupa, the Hybrid technology was constructed. Moving away from the conventional treatment facility that requires an average of P10 – 50 million investment and P50,000 monthly expenses for operation and maintenance, the hybrid wastewater treatment plant cost P6.7 million and monthly expenditures of P27,000 for operation and maintenance. This provided the local government with a savings of almost half the cost of the standard treatment facility. This hybrid design is partially mechanized and uses less electricity.

Construction Timeframe:

A groundbreaking ceremony was held in March 2005 in Muntinlupa City to formalize the start of the construction of the facility.

Construction of the Muntinlupa Public Market Wastewater Treatment Facility was completed in seven (7) months while the planning and designing stage took almost a year to finalize. This was to make sure that the plan and design of the wastewater treatment facility would not cause any inconveniences to its target beneficiaries. Further, the city ensured that the money for the construction was readily available during the construction process.

Stage 3: Operations

The treatment facility operates 24 hours, 7 days a week and is generally used by stall owner, vendors and customers. The wastewater produced from the eatery and wet section of the public market is diverted to a holding tank which is connected to the treatment facility. During the

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treatment the wastewater will undergo several steps where the waste is screened and partially clarified until the BOD level is reduced.

Afterwards, the water passes through a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) that aerates and settles wastewater under sluggish conditions. The water proceeds through a lamella clarifier, which is a settling tank with inclined plates to reduce suspended solids. Exhaust fans and a carbon vent cover control the odor coming from the facility. The water is then filtered through a cocopeat media filtration to ensure that it is ready to recycle. (Annex 5)

gas/liquid/solids Pre-treated solid media phase separator influent effluent upflow (plasitc gutter settling zone chamber (beverage crates) Vertical baffles

granular sludge sludge blanket bed

downflow Baffled Module UASB Module chamber

Finally, the treated water passes through the pipes connected to the toilets for cleaning and flushing. Two (2) employees regularly monitor the operation of the facility and will report any problems that will occur during the operation to the Muntinlupa Public Market Cooperative and Local LINAW Project team.

To recover the expenses from the construction of the facility, the Muntinlupa City implements a “user fee collection scheme”. Stall owners are charged P5.0 per day for the use of the treatment facility and are willing to share with the City the cost of its construction. Muntinlupa anticipates their investment recovery within 3 to 4 years.

2.3 Challenges and Responses

Muntinlupa City faced some challenges during the initiation, planning and designing of the facility. The prominent issues and solutions14 made were the following:

14 Treating Wastewater from Public Markets, City of Muntinlupa and USAID, 2006

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Problem/Issue Solution Limited space for wastewater To maximize the space, the facility was constructed treatment facility. The identified site under a parking area. The main reactor was for the wastewater system is limited specifically designed to withstand the heavy loads of to 160 sq, meters vehicles using the parking space. The tank lid is a slab of concrete and steel, 6 inches thick. Relative elevation of the outfall in Muntinlupa installed a pump tank with trash relation to the area designated for screening and duplexing pumps. This was not treatment anticipated by the TWG while planning the facility; hence they spent additional cost for the installation of the pump tanks. (Note: The additional cost spent for this was included in the overall construction cost of the facility). Unconsolidated and unstable fill Pouring concrete for the main tank required that the material in the treatment area along ground underlying the tank be compacted and with seasonally saturated soils stabilized prior to construction. However, because the solid is unstable, there is a need for shoring to protect workers during the initial installation of the tank. Resistance from few local groups on Muntinlupa conducted massive information drive the construction of the facility through its “Pusa Negra” Launch which is an advocacy campaign intended to raise public awareness on the wastewater treatment facility and other water-related issues and the environment. The LGU also conducted consultations and focus group discussions with these groups resisting the construction of the facility and informed them of the benefits they can get from the said infrastructure.

Further, to address these constraints and issues, the project team consulted the mayor, stakeholders and partners on what measures to undertake to ensure successful implementation of the project, then discussed with the local groups the benefit of the project.

2.4 Focus on the Poor

According to World Bank (2003), the Philippines is one of several countries in Asia with a high incidence of death caused by diarrhea and other water-borne diseases15. Based on their research, 12 people die per day from illnesses related to contaminated water and lack of proper sanitation.

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In Metro Manila alone a mere 7 per cent of the population is connected to the piped sewerage system managed by the Metro Manila Water Supply Sewerage (MWSS). It is estimated that over 90 per cent of waste water, the majority from households is not treated or properly disposed.

The majority of the poor communities in Metro Manila are situated in areas near creeks and rivers, close to the public markets where the majority of the residents of these communities work as porters, vendors, dispatchers and other daily labor. The main source for drinking water for these communities are from deepwell sources which is often highly contaminated due to the untreated waste that is dumped into the rivers near these communities. Health issues in these communities are extremely high due to the polluted water sources from these wells.

The installation of the waste water treatment facility benefits everyone, but poor communities that rely more on untreated ground or surface water benefit the most from it. Since the project is still in its inception stage the long term impact on these communities has not been reported at this date.

2.5 Finance

a. Construction of the Wastewater Treatment Facility

Construction costs for the facility amounted to 6.7 million ($130,000) with operation commencing in April 2006.

Muntinlupa City is positive that they will be able to recover the funds invested on this project within a 3 to 4 year period. This will be made possible through the collection of the P5.00 user fee from the market’s stall owners.

Monthly expenditures total twenty-seven thousand pesos (P27,000) for maintenance of the facility, salaries of its two (2) employees (P6,000 each), electricity, repairs and P15,000 for water consumption, which the City of Muntinlupa pays to the Maynilad Water Services Co.

Since the construction of the treatment facility, the city has been able to save P15,000 they normally paid for the water used for the street cleaning and flushing toilets. The treated water is now used for cleaning and flushing.

The tables below show the probability of the treatment facility to recover its construction and maintenance expenses in 3 to 4 years as stated by the City of Muntinlupa. The first table describes the actual monthly operations and maintenance expenses and the projected expenses in 3-4 years time. Table 2 describes the actual monthly user fee collection and the projected collection over the next 3-4 years.

Table 3 describes the result of the cost-benefit analysis of the project. It clearly shows that in the 3rd year of the facility, it would be able to recover the total cost of its construction amounting to P6,831,000. These figures further affirm the claim of the City of Muntinlupa would be able to recover their expenses in 3-4 years.

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: Table 3 Cost/Income Estimates Monthly Yearly

Operations & Maintenance (O & M) -Salary of 2 [P6, 000/ month x 2 12, 000 144,000 workers workers] -Electrical cost [15,000/ month] 15, 000 180,000 Total O&M Expenses 27, 000 324,000 User fee P5.00/ stall/day 216, 750 2, [P5.00 x 1, 445 601,000 stalls] Total Collection 216, 750 2, 601,000 Net income 189,750 2,277,000

Total construction costs 6,700,000 b. Social Marketing Plan16

Estimated cost for the social marketing plan is P118,512.50; seventy percent (70%) of which come from USAID while the remaining cost will be shouldered by Muntinlupa City. Promotional/educational products developed in this plan include an audio-video presentation, campaign ads, posters (see below), leaflets, news and features. At the moment, USAID and the City of Muntinlupa are working on the production of comics to be published and distributed on the need for facilities related to wastewater management and water and sanitation.

16 Proposed Social Marketing Plan, City of Muntinlupa, 2006 www.unescap.org/pdd/water 19 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

2.6 Legal structure

The construction of the Wastewater Treatment Facility was done by the City of Muntinlupa together with its City Engineer’s Office, Muntinlupa Public Market Cooperative and City Planning and Development Office with expert guidance from PADCO and USAID.

Muntinlupa and USAID through PADCO signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) (Annex 3) detailing their responsibilities on the initial design, planning, construction and monitoring of the facility and the whole LINAW project. This agreement also includes that USAID and PADCO will provide assistance in the development of Muntinlupa’s Social Marketing Plan and production of other Information Education Communication (IEC) to advocate proper waste disposal and effective environmental management.

The local government of Muntinlupa owns the Public Market Wastewater Treatment Facility. Benefits and income generated from this project are directly used for the operation and maintenance of the facility.

STAKEHOLDER ROLES City Government of Muntinlupa (spearheaded • Developed project design, conduct by Mayor Fresnedi and supported by the consultations in communities members of City Council) • Developed advocacy campaign, • Fund the construction and monitor the operation of the facility • Shouldered costs of maintenance and labor of employees the construction Planning and Development Collaborative • Provided technical assistance to International, Inc. (PADCO, Inc.) Muntinlupa in the initial plan, design and construction of the treatment facility • Provided expert assistant on the selection of proper technology to be used in designing the facility

2.7 Stakeholder accountability

Since the Philippines practices a decentralized form of governance LGUs have the autonomy to manage their projects, manage their resources, while building partnerships with local and international institutions. The National Government Agencies (NGAs) on the other hand provide the policies, standards and monitor the performances of the LGUs through a Performance Measurement System.

During the construction of the wastewater treatment facility, Muntinlupa City submitted reports to USAID and DENR on the development of the construction as well as their future plans to

www.unescap.org/pdd/water 20 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor sustain and support their facility and the wastewater management plans respectively. DENR and USAID were also invited during activities related to the wastewater treatment facility.

Muntinlupa organized a Technical Working Group (TWG) during the initial planning, designing and construction of the treatment plant. The TWG met regularly to give updates on the operation of the facility and other concerns related to the project, communicating with USAID on the developments of the project and its upcoming activities.

The Muntinlupa City Public Market Cooperative (MCPMC) collects the user fee on a regular basis. They also tap the Vendor’s Organization to assist them in the collection from stall owners and vendors. In case a stall owner opted not to pay charged fee, the MCPMC will give them relative sanctions and penalties such as withdrawal of contract.

Muntinlupa City submits reports to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to update them on the developments on the treatment facility, accomplishments and future plans.

2.8 Community involvement

Muntinlupa City recognizes the importance of community involvement, thus the city encouraged participation from the local community, especially the stall owners, vendors and poor communities that will directly benefit and/or affected by the wastewater treatment facility. During the planning stage, the technical working group conducted consultation and stakeholders’ workshop to identify sources of pollution and gather idea for short-term and medium-term strategies that would address wastewater pollution from different sources and make use of low- cost technologies. Results from the consultation were used by the TWG in crafting their action plans.

The positive response of the market vendors to pay “user fee” costs for the use of the facility indicates their support to the installation of the treatment facility. They were aware that the project was installed for them and the market consumers.

Concomitantly, the MCPM vendors’ organization participated as well in the project by helping the city in “sharing the good news” about the facility and its contributions to the public market and each stall owners.

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SECTION 3: OUTCOMES

3.1 Effectiveness

Following a year of operation the wastewater treatment facility has been able to show the following results:

• The water pollution level drastically decreased from 600 mg per liter to less than 30 (Note: 50 mg/liter is the acceptable BOD value for Class C water like the Laguna Lake)

• Compliance to the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 was achieved

• Guaranteed livelihood for the stall owners and market vendors

• The system was instrumental in maintaining clean standards within the market to thus prevent closure of the market

• Raised awareness among the community concerning about proper waste disposal, wastewater management and water and sanitation

• Due to the availability of recycled water, Muntinlupa was able to save approximately P100,000 in operation costs of the market. (P25,000.00/month)

3.2 Efficiency

After a year of operation, the project was able to maintain a minimum of all available resources to achieve its desired outcomes. The total cost of the facility was P 6.7 million with a capacity to treat 210 cubic meter of water each day.

Since the project is only at its inception stage it is difficult to gauge the extent of the efficiency derived from the treatment facility.

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3.3 Innovation

Use of cocopeat as alternative filter

Muntinlupa City used the cocopeat as alternative filter to strain treated water. Made from coconut husks, cocopeat is eco-friendly, 100 per cent organic and once compacted serves as a cost effective filter that is readily available.

With limited resources on the local level, the city of Muntilupa was able to keep certain costs at a minimum aside from the high construction costs of the facility.

Moreover by using the cocopeat, Muntinlupa was able to help provide employment and additional income to the coconet industry (Annex 5).

Constructing the facility under a parking lot

Due to limited space allotted for the treatment facility, the treatment facility was constructed under the parking lot of the market.

The main reactor was designed to withstand the heavy loads of cars and trucks. To ensure safety the tank lid was formed using a concrete slab with steel reinforcement 6 inches thick.

3.4 Expansion of the practice

To sustain the success of the wastewater treatment facility, Muntinlupa City plans to initiate similar projects aimed to serve other communities within the city.

• Institutionalization of Septage Management: Although the Philippine Clean Water Act 2004 mandates the highly urbanized cities to connect all sources of wastewater to available sewerage systems not all cities in Metro Manila have full access to these sewerage systems.

• Since there is no sewerage system outside Metro Manila, Muntinlupa together with its local and international partners proposed the establishment of a more realistic alternative plan to implement septage management.

• Septage management entails improving existing septic tanks with regular desludging and treatment facility before releasing it to waterways or recycling it for fertilizing purposes.

• Continuous Public Information Campaigns: Muntinlupa City implemented a 5-year Social Marketing Plan to inform the public on the use of treatment facilities and the importance to both the environment and the population within the city.

• This initiative has been positively perceived as an effective way to raise public awareness about wastewater management, the importance of treating and how it affects the lives each person. This strategy is geared to help enhance and strengthen advocacy to gather

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support from the local communities to continuously support other projects related to wastewater management.

• Build Community-based Sanitation Centers: Muntinlupa will construct community-based sanitation centers in three informal communities within Barangay Sucat. These centers will have three toilets and three baths which will be constructed by volunteers who live in the community. Materials for the construction have been donated by the local Rotary Club and the Barangay.

• An estimated 600 urban residents will benefit from these centers. In addition, this initiative will prevent untreated sewerage from being pumped into Laguna Lake17.

• Strengthen Partnership: With a proven successful partnership already established with USAID, Muntinlupa intends to sustain this partnership. USAID provided technical assistance through the Planning and Development Collaborative International (PADCO) that introduced Muntinlupa City to the technology of setting up a low-cost wastewater treatment facility.

• USAID assisted Muntinlupa with understanding investment returns while encouraging participation from the residents of the community.

3.5 Key operational lessons learned

During the planning and implementation stage of the project, the following lessons were realized:

• LGUs can develop wastewater treatment system using local resources. In the past LGUs were hesitant to support these projects due to lack of resources and misunderstandings of the importance to the community and the environment.

• Investment recovery of this type of project is possible as long as you have strong relationships and the support of your stakeholders and the public. The user fee concept has been proven effective and provided a sense of ownership over the project and the value of its purpose.

• Public participation is a key factor to success in any project. The government should always consult the people on what kind of services they need and gather suggestions on how they think their problems could be solved effectively.

• Strong multi-sectoral partnership is also an effective tool to ensure the project implementation operates smoothly and efficiently. Selecting appropriate partners is also crucial to the success of the project.

17 Laguna Lake is extremely stressed because of the increasing trend in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) primarily due to domestic (close to 80%) and industrial wastes (some 11.5%)-(Laguna de Bay Environment Monitor, Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA),2005. www.llda.gov.ph www.unescap.org/pdd/water 24 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

SECTION 4: SUSTAINABILITY

4.1 Degree of sustainability

In the future, the project may encounter some sustainability concerns:

Political: Good leadership plays a vital role in the efficient implementation of a project. Due to political culture in the country, some politicians tend to focus upon personal priorities and visions for the local government unit. This in turn may hinder the positive results of the project.

Economic: since the stall owners and vendors depend on the public market as their source of livelihood and income they now depend upon the performance of the facility. If the treatment facility fails to meet the BOD standards, then their businesses are at risk.

Financial: As stated in Section 2.5, the facility is highly financially sustainable and the investment will be recovered in only 3-4 year period. Even allowing for repairs and equipment upgrades, the facility will likely provide an income to the market for the next 25 years.

4.2 Achieving greater sustainability

At the moment the project needs to look into long-term sustainability and impact to the low income communities that are served. The city should be more transparent as to how finances are utilized. Financial reports should be available or posted in public places within the market.

The Muntinlupa Wastewater Treatment Facility should continue in operation for at least 25 years. However the electro-mechanical equipment will need upgrading at some point over the nest 1 to 5 years for blowers, motors, & pumps. The City of Muntinlupa will need to ensure they have sufficient funds to cover these expenses.

Lastly, instead of encouraging cities to have their own treatment system, it would be better if they could establish intergovernmental partnerships with their neighboring cities to share the costs and other requirements for the installation of such kind of project.

4.3 Challenges ahead

At the moment, the problems that might affect the project are the following:

• Change in Leadership: Good leadership has attributed to the success of the public market wastewater treatment facility in Muntinlupa due to the support of Mayor Jaime Fresnedi. Since the major is on his last term, the city needs to be able to handle the change in leadership once he completes his term.

• Possible increase in operation and maintenance cost: As time passes by, the facility will need to upgrade existing machinery and equipment as the need arises. The project should anticipate these issues and be ready to react once there is a breakdown or repairs are needed.

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• It has been noted that few local government officials are knowledgeable on the operations of the project. To ensure that the waste water treatment facility continues with its initial success there should be efforts made to train other staff on the project on the operation of the facility.

SECTION 5: POLICY IMPLICATIONS

5.1 Potential for replication

Currently the project is being replicated in Calbayog City in the Province of Samar. The City of Muntinlupa has been instrumental in setting up the facility which has been modified to fit the needs of the local communities and of the city.

Muntinlupa, in addition has plans to replicate the treatment facility within other barangays in the city. One of these, Barangay Bayanan has been chosen for its strategic location, its economic activities and since it is the second largest public market in the city.

5.2 Extent of scaling up

The facilities design and equipment is only applicable for communities with minimal amounts of water consumption. Since the facilities are relatively small, only small amounts of water can be treated per day.

If the facility were to be upgraded for larger communities, the equipment might easily breakdown and the structure might not live up to its projected 25 year lifespan.

Scaling up for larger communities would entail higher costs and maintenance costs.

SECTION 6: INFORMATION SOURCES AND VERIFICATION

6.1 Provide contact details

Telephone numbers, email addresses, websites, names of key representatives of each partner:

Ms. Lisa Kircher Lumbao Team Leader, Local Initiatives for Affordable Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) United States Agency International Development (USAID) Suite 4022. Golden Rock Building 168 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village Makati City 1229 Philippines Telefax: +632-819 0688 ext. 107 Email: [email protected] www.unescap.org/pdd/water 26 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

Mr. David M. Robbins Senior Water and Sanitation Adviser Environmental Cooperation-Asia (ECO-Asia) United States Agency International Development (USAID) Suite 4022, Golden Rock Building 168 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village Makati City 1229 Philippines Telefax: +632-819 0688 ext. 102 Email: [email protected]

Mr. John Emmanuel Timothy (JET) D. Pabilonia Senior Environmental Management Specialist; Action Officer-City Disaster Coordinating Council, Mayor’s Office; and Project Leader LINAW, Muntilupa City & Poso Di Negro Public Information Campaign GF Main Bldg., Muntinlupa City Hall National Rd., Muntinlupa City Philippines 1770 Tel: +632-862 4270 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Gerard Comia General Manager Muntinlupa City Public Market Cooperative Tel: +632-842 2955

Mrs. Angela B. Bulos President Muntinlupa City Public Market Vendor’s Organization

6.2 Sources of information

The research documentation for this project was often limited due to the lack of resource materials available through Muntinlupa City, USAID, League of Cities of the Philippines and the internet. Since the project is still in its implementation stages some information was accessed through news stories and data provided by Information Education Communication (IEC).

Policies

Republic Act No. 9275-Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004: An Act Providing for Comprehensive Water Quality Management and for other Purposes

Republic Act No. 7650- Philippine Local Government Code of 1991

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Ordinance 02-070- An Ordinance Prohibiting to Discharge or Dispose any untreated wastewater, sludge, oil, chemical or other waste to any part of the City of Muntinlupa that will endanger the environmental conditions of the city’s lake, rivers, creeks, waterways with the corresponding penalties thereof.

Memorandum of Understanding (signed by City of Muntinlupa and PADCO) Reports

USAID & PADCO, Local Initiatives for Affordable Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) Project Phase I- Final Report

Muntinlupa City Public Market Briefer

Treating Wastewater from Public Markets, City of Muntinlupa and USAID, 2006

Social Marketing Plan, City of Muntinlupa and USAID, 2006

Newspapers

Manila Times Barangay News, Alabang Public Market views to be a premiere market, October 2006

Manila Times Barangay News, Muntinlupa to launch hybrid wastewater treatment plant, April 2006

Manila Bulletin Online: www.mb.com.ph/issues

Philippine Daily Inquirer, Model Muntinlupa public market uses recycled water http://news.inq7.net/metro/index

USAID Newsletters: http://philippines.usaid.gov

Websites

Annual Audit Report 1998 – www.coa.gov.ph

Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) – www.llda.gov.ph

Manila Standard Today, Jan 2006 – www.manilastandardtoday.com

Quezon City Official Website - http://quezoncity.gov.ph

World Bank – www.worldbank.org

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6.3 Additional information

Documentation of the legal structure

Documentation of financial arrangements

Budget information

Documentary evidence of success in achieving the practice's objectives

Documentary evidence of impacts on/benefits to the poor

Other - please give details: News articles, Local Ordinances and National Policies on Clean Water, presentations and documentary videos, IEC materials developed by the LINAW project

Update Report of USAID’s LINAW Project (where the Muntinlupa Project is included)

Policies developed to ensure implementation of the project and continuation regardless of change leadership and other political issues

6.4 Gaps in available information and documentation

Since this project was the first of its kind in the Philippines, researchers found it difficult to establish the major contributions or impacts it has given to other local government units.

Direct contributions and impacts to the LGUs, Laguna Lake, public market stall owners and the people of Muntinlupa is difficult to gauge at the moment. However the attention this project is receiving from foreign and local institutions (such as this documentation) is a sign of its ingenuity and contribution to the community and serves as an inspiration to other LGUs. Hopefully within 2 to 3 years, the project should be able to show clearer long term results.

6.5 Verification

To gather firsthand information about the project, the researchers conducted interviews and site visits.

Ms. Lisa Kircher Lumbao Team Leader, Local Initiatives for Affordable Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) United States Agency International Development (USAID) Suite 4022. Golden Rock Building 168 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village Makati City 1229 Philippines Telefax: +632-819 0688 ext. 107 Email: [email protected]

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Mr. David M. Robbins Senior Water and Sanitation Adviser Environmental Cooperation-Asia (ECO-Asia) United States Agency International Development (USAID) Suite 4022. Golden Rock Building 168 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village Makati City 1229 Philippines Telefax: +632-819 0688 ext. 102 Email: [email protected]

Mr. John Emmanuel Timothy (JET) D. Pabilonia Senior Environmental Management Specialist, Action Officer-City Disaster Coordinating Council, Mayor’s Office, and Project Leader LINAW, Muntilupa City & Poso Di Negro Public Information Campaign GF Main Bldg., Muntinlupa City Hall National Rd., Muntinlupa City Philippines 1770 Phone: +632-862 4270 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Gerard Comia General Manager Muntinlupa City Public Market Cooperative Telephone: +632-842 2955

Mrs. Angela B. Bulos President Muntinlupa City Public Market Vendor’s Organization

6.6 Independent evaluation

Numerous institutions, local governments and international organizations have visited the facility and evaluated its applicability. Since Muntinlupa Wastewater treatment facility is the first low- cost faculty of its kind in the country, other LGUs have found it innovative and effective. Some have shown an interest in replicating the facility in their own municipalities.

Some award institutions have also recognized the ingenuity of this project especially in its effort to address the problem concerning health and the environment. In 2006, the Muntinlupa Public Market received a Certificate of Recognition for having obtained a very satisfactory rating in the Health Promotive Indicator in the quest for Healthy Market. Further, the Muntinlupa Public Market has been recognized by the Department of Health’s Healthy Places Promotion Program as the “Outstanding Health Market” and by the Department of Agriculture as “Huwarang Palengke” (Model Public Market)18.

18 Unofficial website of Muntinlupa City- www.mb.com.ph www.unescap.org/pdd/water 30 UNESCAP Case Studies on Water and Sanitation for the Poor

Television programs have featured the Public Market and the Treatment Facility on their regular news and documentary shows. Muntinlupa City sees these positive feedbacks as opportunity for them to market the treatment facility and advocate the importance of treating wastewater. Muntinlupa proved that “it is possible for a LGU to develop, fund and manage a wastewater treatment facility that is affordable and effective.”

Since this project is under close partnership with the USAID, the organization regularly assesses and evaluates the developments in the facility and the program together with the local project team. Further, USAID continues to provide technical assistance to Muntinlupa in the development of proper septage system. USAID supports the city through endorsing them to other funding agencies who provide grants and other monetary support to fund its activities. They have been instrumental in advocating the practice and marketing to other LGUs, with an end view of replicating the project in other cities in the country.

SECTION 7: CERTIFICATION

7.1 Starting and completion dates

Data gathering started on the middle of January 2007 and ended on the first week of March 2007. Documentation started on February 2007 and ended (partially) first week of April 2007.

7.2 Principal authors and contact details

Ms. Marivel C. Sacendoncillo Executive Director Local Government Academy Department of the Interior and Local Government 8F Agustin I Bldg., F. Ortigas Jr. Road Ortigas Center, Pasig City PHILIPPINES Tel : +632-634 6416 / 634 8430 Fax : +632-634 6567

Ms. Jean T. de Pano Local Government Operations Officer IV (LGOO-IV)

7.3 Relationship of authors with the practice

The Local Government Academy (LGA) is an attached agency to the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) mandated to deliver capacity building programs to the local government units and other stakeholders towards excellence in local governance.

As a capacity building institution, LGA documents best practices that may serve as benchmarks of the local government units. Further as co-advocate of excellence in governance, LGA is also

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in quest for LGUs that have innovative practices that are proven to be effective and replicable in other areas of the country.

LGA selected the Muntinlupa Public Market Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment Facility for it is new, interesting and popular. Through this documentation, LGA could provide objective assessment of the practice and recommend this to other local governments in the country.

7.4 Certification of documentation

I/we certify that to the best of my/our knowledge this documentation provides an accurate account of the practice named in Section 1.

Marivel C. Sacendoncillo April 5, 2007 Name Signature Date

Jean T. de Pano April 5, 2007 Name Signature Date

Name Signature Date

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