Ducs Et Princes De L'empire

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ducs Et Princes De L'empire Ducs et Princes de l'Empire 35 Ducs de l'Empire : Date : Personnalité : Titre : Fonction : 27 mai 1807 François-Joseph Duc de Dantzig Maréchal d'Empire Lefebvre 20 décembre 1807 Francesco Melzi d'Eril Duc de Lodi Vice-président de la République d'Italie 28 mars 1808 Louis-Nicolas Davout Duc d'Auerstaedt Maréchal d'Empire 24 avril 1808 Jean-Jacques-Régis de Duc de Parme Second Consul Cambacérès 24 avril 1808 Charles-François Duc de Plaisance Troisième Consul Lebrun 24 avril 1808 André Masséna Duc de Rivoli Maréchal d'Empire 26 avril 1808 Pierre Augereau Duc de Castiglione Maréchal d'Empire 19 mai 1808 Jean-Thomas Arrighi Duc de Padoue Général de l'Empire de Casanova 28 mai 1808 Jean-Baptiste Bessières Duc d'Istrie Maréchal d'Empire mai 1808 Géraud Christophe Duc de Frioul Maréchal du Palais de Michel Duroc Napoléon mai 1808 René Savary Duc de Rovigo Général de l'Empire, puis ministre de la Police Générale 3 juin 1808 François-Christophe Duc de Valmy Maréchal d'Empire Kellermann 6 juin 1808 Michel Ney Duc d'Elchingen Maréchal d'Empire 7 juin 1808 Armand-Louis de Duc de Vicence Général de l'Empire, Caulaincourt ambassadeur et ministre des Affaires Etrangères 15 juin 1808 Jean Lannes Duc de Montebello Maréchal d'Empire 28 juin 1808 Auguste Marmont Duc de Raguse Maréchal d'Empire www.napopedia.fr – Tous droits réservés-Version imprimable 29 juin 1808 Jean-de-Dieu Soult Duc de Dalmatie Maréchal d'Empire 2 juillet 1808 Bon-Adrien-Jannot de Duc de Conegliano Maréchal d'Empire Moncey 2 juillet 1808 Adolphe Mortier Duc de Trévise Maréchal d'Empire 10 septembre 1808 Claude-Victor Perrin, Duc de Bellune Maréchal d'Empire dit Victor 9 décembre 1808 Etienne MacDonald Duc de Tarente Maréchal d'Empire 15 janvier 1809 Jean-Andoche Junot Duc d'Abrantès Général de l'Empire 15 août 1809 Joseph Fouché Duc d'Otrante Ministre de la Police Générale 15 août 1809 Jean-Baptiste Nompère Duc de Cadore Ministre des Affaires de Champagny Etrangères 15 août 1809 Henri-Jacques- Duc de Feltre Ministre de la Guerre Guillaume Clarke 15 août 1809 Martin Michel Charles Duc de Gaëte Ministre des Finances Gaudin 15 août 1809 Claude Ambroise Duc de Massa Ministre de la Justice Régnier 15 septembre 1809 Hughes-Bernard Maret Duc de Bassano Ministre des Affaires Etrangères 28 février 1810 Antonio Litta Duc de Litta Grand-Chambellan du Royaume d'Italie 9 avril 1810 Joséphine de Duchesse de Navarre Impératrice des Français Beauharnais 14 avril 1810 Nicolas-Charles Duc de Reggio Maréchal d'Empire Oudinot 14 avril 1810 Emmerich-Joseph Duc de Dalberg Diplomate Allemand Dalberg 24 janvier 1812 Louis-Gabriel Suchet Duc d'Albufera Maréchal d'Empire 28 avril 1813 Denis Decrès Duc de Decrès Ministre de la Marine 21 juin 1815 Jean-Baptiste Girard Duc de Ligny Général de l'Empire www.napopedia.fr – Tous droits réservés-Version imprimable 13 Princes de l'Empire : Date : Personnalité : Titre : Fonction : 18 mai 1804 Joseph Bonaparte Prince Impérial Frère de l'Empereur 18 mai 1804 Louis Bonaparte Prince Impérial Frère de l'Empereur 18 mai 1804 Jérôme Bonaparte Prince Impérial Frère de l'Empereur 18 mai 1804 Eugène de Beauharnais Prince Impérial Fils adoptif de l'Empereur 1er février 1805 Joachim Murat Prince Impérial Maréchal d'Empire 30 mars 1806 Alexandre Berthier Prince de Neuchâtel Maréchal d'Empire 5 juin 1806 Charles-Maurice de Prince de Bénévent Ministre des Affaires Talleyrand-Périgord Etrangères 5 juin 1806 Jean-Baptiste Prince de Pontecorvo Maréchal d'Empire Bernadotte 30 juin 1807 Jean Lannes Prince de Sievers Maréchal d'Empire 15 août 1809 Louis-Nicolas Davout Prince d'Eckmülh Maréchal d'Empire 31 décembre 1809 Alexandre Berthier Prince de Wagram Maréchal d'Empire 31 janvier 1810 André Masséna Prince d'Essling Maréchal d'Empire 25 mars 1813 Michel Ney Prince de la Moskowa Maréchal d'Empire www.napopedia.fr – Tous droits réservés-Version imprimable.
Recommended publications
  • The Memoirs of General the Baron De Marbot in 2 Volumes
    The Memoirs of General the Baron de Marbot in 2 Volumes by the Baron de Marbot THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT. Table of Contents THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT......................................1 Volume I....................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................2 Chap. 1................................................................6 Chap. 2...............................................................11 Chap. 3...............................................................17 Chap. 4...............................................................24 Chap. 5...............................................................31 Chap. 6...............................................................39 Chap. 7...............................................................41 Chap. 8...............................................................54 Chap. 9...............................................................67 Chap. 10..............................................................75 Chap. 11..............................................................85 Chap. 12..............................................................96 Chap. 13.............................................................102 Chap. 14.............................................................109 Chap. 15.............................................................112 Chap. 16.............................................................122 Chap. 17.............................................................132
    [Show full text]
  • Os Marechais De Napoleão
    OS MARECHAIS DE NAPOLEÃO Aspirante Arthur Janeiro Campos Nuñez INTRODUÇÃO Este artigo tem como propósito fazer uma breve ais da Revolução Francesa, ele mudou de forma drás- dissertação sobre a vida e a importância de grandes tica o destino das monarquias e nações europeias. Mas militares que ajudaram a tornar Napoleão Bonapar- nem mesmo o “Pequeno Corso” seria capaz de fazer te um dos nomes mais conhecidos de toda a História. tudo isso sozinho, Napoleão foi auxiliado por vários Para tanto, o artigo abordará a importância dos Ma- gênios em ascensão, principalmente no campo militar. rechais de Napoleão, dando destaque a dois deles, não A Revolução Francesa permitiu que muitos milita- necessariamente os dois melhores ou mais importan- res pudessem demonstrar seu valor por dois motivos: tes, mas que tiveram a oportunidade de demonstrar o o primeiro porque não era mais necessário ser nobre seu valor em momentos-chaves e assim o fizeram. para galgar altas posições no Exército e o segundo por- que não faltavam guerras para a França lutar, devido à A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS MARECHAIS invasão do seu território por outras nações europeias, que tinham medo de a revolução se espalhar para todo Napoleão Bonaparte sem sombra de dúvida foi um o continente. dos maiores líderes políticos e militares de toda a His- Esse cenário possibilitou a ascensão meteórica de tória. Com suas conquistas e com a expansão dos ide- Bonaparte e de seus futuros Comandantes de tropa. REVISTA DE VILLEGAGNON . 2013 125 Em 1804, quando Napoleão foi coroado, ele promo- veu alguns dos seus generais à mais alta patente do exército: Marechal.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterloo in Myth and Memory: the Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915 Timothy Fitzpatrick
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 Waterloo in Myth and Memory: The Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915 Timothy Fitzpatrick Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES WATERLOO IN MYTH AND MEMORY: THE BATTLES OF WATERLOO 1815-1915 By TIMOTHY FITZPATRICK A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2013 Timothy Fitzpatrick defended this dissertation on November 6, 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Rafe Blaufarb Professor Directing Dissertation Amiée Boutin University Representative James P. Jones Committee Member Michael Creswell Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my Family iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Drs. Rafe Blaufarb, Aimée Boutin, Michael Creswell, Jonathan Grant and James P. Jones for being on my committee. They have been wonderful mentors during my time at Florida State University. I would also like to thank Dr. Donald Howard for bringing me to FSU. Without Dr. Blaufarb’s and Dr. Horward’s help this project would not have been possible. Dr. Ben Wieder supported my research through various scholarships and grants. I would like to thank The Institute on Napoleon and French Revolution professors, students and alumni for our discussions, interaction and support of this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of the Saber in the Army of Napoleon
    Acta Periodica Duellatorum, Scholarly Volume, Articles 103 DOI 10.1515/apd-2016-0004 The use of the saber in the army of Napoleon Bert Gevaert Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) Hallebardiers / Sint Michielsgilde Brugge (Belgium) [email protected] Abstract – Though Napoleonic warfare is usually associated with guns and cannons, edged weapons still played an important role on the battlefield. Swords and sabers could dominate battles and this was certainly the case in the hands of experienced cavalrymen. In contrast to gunshot wounds, wounds caused by the saber could be treated quite easily and caused fewer casualties. In 18th and 19th century France, not only manuals about the use of foil and epee were published, but also some important works on the military saber: de Saint Martin, Alexandre Muller… The saber was not only used in individual fights against the enemy, but also as a duelling weapon in the French army. Keywords – saber; Napoleonic warfare; Napoleon; duelling; Material culture; Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA); History “The sword is the weapon in which you should have most confidence, because it rarely fails you by breaking in your hands. Its blows are the more certain, accordingly as you direct them coolly; and hold it properly.” Antoine Fortuné de Brack, Light Cavalry Exercises, 18761 I. INTRODUCTION Though Napoleon (1769-1821) started his own military career as an artillery officer and achieved several victories by clever use of cannons, edged weapons still played an important role on the Napoleonic battlefield. Swords and sabers could dominate battles and this was certainly the case in the hands of experienced cavalrymen.
    [Show full text]
  • H-France Review Volume/Tome 21 (2021) Page 1 Patrick Lagoueyte
    H-France Review Volume/Tome 21 (2021) Page 1 H-France Review Vol. 21 (August 2021), No. 152 Patrick Lagoueyte, Les coups d’État, une histoire française. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2021. 230 pp. Notes and bibliography. €24.00. (pb). ISBN 9782271115256. Review by Philip Nord, Princeton University. The French Revolution ended up dethroning and guillotining a king. Yet, it was one thing to do away with a monarch and another to devise an alternate means of organizing executive authority. For that purpose, there were constitutions, written ones, which identified the various branches of government and distributed power among them. And so, the era of “L’État, c’est moi” drew to a close. The state was no longer a unitary entity but a ramified one, and the professionalization of military affairs over the course of the Revolution added one more layer of complexity. In the Ancien Regime, the army formed and unformed, as aristocrats, in answer to the king’s summons, mustered into service and mustered out again. Now, it was a standing affair and soldiering no longer the apanage of the titled, but a career with an ethos all its own, distinct from that of civilian life.[1] This new order proved a fraught and volatile one. The people, itself a new actor on the scene, might intervene to bend the state to its will. One organ of government might tread upon the authority of another, the executive maneuvering to subdue the legislative branch or vice versa. And, of course, the military might always step in to knock heads and take matters into its own hands.
    [Show full text]
  • Napoleon Bonaparte Očima Francouzských Řadových Vojáků a Důstojníků
    TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA V LIBERCI Fakulta přírodovědně-humanitní a pedagogická NAPOLEON BONAPARTE OČIMA FRANCOUZSKÝCH ŘADOVÝCH VOJÁKŮ A DŮSTOJNÍKŮ DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Liberec 2014 Bc. Filip TRDLA Poděkování Děkuji PhDr. Pavlu Smržovi za jeho pomoc při psaní této diplomové práce. Především za jeho rady, objektivní kritiku a věcné připomínky. Poděkování patří také všem, kteří mě během celého studia podporovali. Anotace Diplomová práce se na základě pramenů osobní povahy a sekundární literatury snaží rekonstruovat vztah řadových francouzských vojáků a důstojníků k Napoleonovi Bonapartovi a obecně zmapovat pohled vojáků na jednoho z nejvýznamnějších vojevůdců a politiků (nejen) 18.–19. století. Cílem práce je též analýza příčin glorifikace Napoleonovy osobnosti a snaha vysvětlit důvody vzniku Napoleonova "kultu neporazitelného génia". Tento vztah bude analyzován z hlediska časového, kdy bude srovnáván pohled na historicky prvního francouzského císaře v období raných úspěchů s vnímáním jeho osoby v době největších úspěchů, ale i pádů. Druhým hlediskem bude určování a analýza vztahů k Napoleonovi z pohledu osob různé vojenské hodnosti včetně maršálů napoleonské Francie. V práci jsou použity metody komparace a analýzy. Klíčová slova 18. století 19. století historie Francie maršálové Francie Napoleon Bonaparte napoleonské války paměti vojáků propaganda První císařství Alexander Louis Berthier Jean Lannes Marcellin de Marbot Paul Charles Thiébault Marengo Slavkov Annotation Diploma thesis based on a personal character of sources and secondary literature attempts to reconstruct a relationship of ordinary French soldiers and officers to Napoleon Bonaparte and generally to map a view of the soldiers on one of the greatest generals and politicians (not only) 18th to 19th century. The aim of this work is an analysis of the causes of the glorification of Napoleon's personality and attempts to explain the reasons for the emergence of Napoleon's "cult of undefeated genius".
    [Show full text]
  • Service Du Sceau, Mélanges, Projets De Lois (1790-1923)
    Service du sceau, mélanges, projets de lois (1790-1923) Inventaire semi-analytique (BB/30/965-BB/30/1507/3) Par S. Clémencet Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 1942 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_002352 Cet instrument de recherche a été encodé par l'entreprise diadeis dans le cadre du chantier de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales sur la base d'une DTD conforme à la DTD EAD (encoded archival description) et créée par le service de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales 2 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence BB/30/965-BB/30/1507/3 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Service du sceau, mélanges, projets de lois Intitulé INVENTAIRE Intitulé 718 Intitulé (878) Intitulé TOME III Date(s) extrême(s) 1790-1923 Localisation physique Pierrefitte DESCRIPTION Présentation du contenu Note préliminaire Les documents ci-après inventoriés proviennent pour la plupart d'un versement quelque peu hétérogène effectué par le ministère de la justice en décembre 1929, composé de 353 liasses, 274 registres et 150 fichiers (ou environ), émanant de divers services du ministère. Après examen, on a cru pouvoir répartir certains de ces articles entre les diverses séries qui contiennent des documents analogues Pour le détail de la répartition, voir le tome XII des "Nouveaux versements", pp. 91 et 19. , principalement les sous-séries BB 24, BB 27, BB 29. Le reste a été destiné à former la suite de la sous-série BB 30. Le groupe le plus
    [Show full text]
  • La Bataille De Montenotte
    La Bataille de Montenotte Règlements Exclusif Pour les Règlements de l’An XXX et Les Règlements des Marie Louises Copyright © 2014 Clash of Arms Sept 1, 2014 Rules marked with an eagle or are shaded with a grey background apply only to players using the Règlements de l’An XXX. All rules herein take precedence over any rules in the series rules which they may contradict. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In his first independent command, 26-year-old Général de Division Bonaparte used surprise, manoeuvre, hard marching, and the inspiration of his personal charisma (plus the lure of rich loot to be had in prosperous Lombardy) to lead the rag-tag Armée d’Italie to a series of astonishing victories over the more numerous and better-equipped Austrian and Piedmontese armies. On 11th April 1796, an Austrian column of 9,000 men under the command of Argenteau attempted to force its way south through the hills, the "Appenino Savonese," to the town of Savona on the Mediterranean in order to cut off the French right wing threatening Genoa. Colonel Fornésy, with two battalions (about 1,200 men) made a heroic stand on Monte Negino, blocking the road and bottling up Argenteau's column in the valley. Général de Division Masséna, leading Bonaparte’s Avant Garde, advancing from Altare in the Bormida valley, hit the right flank and rear of Argenteau's column at Montenotte Superiore on 12th April 1796, inflicting 1,000 casualties and sending the survivors reeling over the hills in disorderly retreat. When asked in later years about his bloodline, Napoléon simply remarked, "My nobility dates from Montenotte”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Art of Humbling Tyrants: Irish Revolutionary Internationalism During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815 Nicholas Stark
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 The Art of Humbling Tyrants: Irish Revolutionary Internationalism during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815 Nicholas Stark Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE ART OF HUMBLING TYRANTS: IRISH REVOLUTIONARY INTERNATIONALISM DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY AND NAPOLEONIC ERA, 1789-1815 By NICHOLAS STARK A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2014 © 2014 Nicholas Stark Nicholas Stark defended this thesis on March 27, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: Rafe Blaufarb Professor Directing Thesis Darrin M. McMahon Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my adviser, Rafe Blaufarb, for all of his help in guiding me through the process of my thesis and degree, in addition to the teaching he has provided. Serving with him as his research assistant has also been very enlightening and rewarding. In addition, I wish to express my gratitude to the Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution at Florida State University (FSU) for providing excellent resources and materials for my education and research. The staff in Special Collections, Strozier Library at FSU has also been most helpful. Outside of the university, the archivists in Manuscripts at Trinity College Dublin and the National Library of Ireland deserve special note.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Conspiracy in Napoleonic France Kelly Diane Jernigan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2015 Political Conspiracy in Napoleonic France Kelly Diane Jernigan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Jernigan, Kelly Diane, "Political Conspiracy in Napoleonic France" (2015). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1198. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1198 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. POLITICAL CONSPIRACY IN NAPOLEONIC FRANCE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Kelly D. Jernigan B.A., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2002 M.A., Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2007 May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research and writing that went into this dissertation may have been my own personal projects, but throughout the process, I recognized that I had a whole team of people working alongside me. Without them, I never would have pushed myself so hard and I probably would not have finished my degree. I will be eternally grateful for their support. To start, I want to recognize the contributions of my two-year-old daughter Mileena. I will always remember you sitting with me so you could “help Mommy work.” When you took over my laptop, you never deleted any chapters, for which I am grateful.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Grande Armée 1806
    La Bataille pour la Prusse 1806 © Rev.1 1/2018 Le Grande Armée 1806 Napoleon I (L'Empereur des Français) Maréchal d’ Empire Berthier General d’ Brigade Bertrand General d’ Brigade Mouton General d’ Division Duroc General d’ Division Rapp General d’ Division Savary General d’ Division Caulaincourt Garde impériale Maréchal d’ Empire Jean-Baptiste Bessières Maréchal d’ Empire François Joseph Lefebvre Chief of Staff: General d’ Brigade François-Xavier Roussel Garde impériale Infantrie Division General d’ Division Hulin 1ere Chasseurs à Pied 2e Chasseurs à Pied 1ere Grenadiers à Pied 2e Grenadiers à Pied 1ere Dragoon à Pied – attaché 2e Dragoon à Pied -attaché Garde impériale Cavalrie Division General d’ Division Frédéric Henri Walther Chasseurs à Cheval de la Garde Mamelukes Grenadiers à Cheval del a Garde Gendarmes d'Elite 1ere Hussars (attached) Garde impériale Artillerie a’ Cheval 1ere,2e, 3e et 4e French OB Page 1 of 8 Marshal Enterprises La Bataille pour la Prusse 1806 © Rev.1 1/2018 Attached Ligne Artillerie á pied 8e Co / 6e Artillerie á pied 11e Co / 6e Artillerie á pied 15e Co / 6e Artillerie á pied I Corps d’Armee Maréchal d’ Empire Jean Baptiste Bernadotte Chief of Staff: General d’ Division Victor Leopold Berthier 1ere Division General d’ Division Pierre Dupont de l'Etang 9e Legere 32e Ligne 96e Ligne 2e Division General d’ Division Jean-Baptiste Drouet 27e Legere 94e Ligne 95e Ligne 3e Division General d’ Division Olivier Macoux Rivaud Comte de Raffiniere 8e Ligne 45e Ligne 54e Ligne Cavalrie Brigade General d’ Brigade Jacques
    [Show full text]
  • Antoine-Henri Baron De Jomini in 1812-13: a New Retrospective View Eman M
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 Service of Antoine-Henri Baron De Jomini in 1812-13: A New Retrospective View Eman M. Vovsi Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SERVICE OF ANTOINE-HENRI BARON DE JOMINI IN 1812-13: A NEW RETROSPECTIVE VIEW By EMAN M. VOVSI A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2006 © Eman M. Vovsi 2006 All Right Reserved The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Eman M. Vovsi defended on May 17, 2006. ____________________________ Donald D. Horward Professor Directing Thesis ____________________________ Matt Childs Committee Member ____________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My great passion for Napoleonic history really started some fifteen years ago. In 1989 a group of historians, buffs and aficionados of the then Soviet Union, for the first time, were invited to participate in the bicentennial anniversary of the French Revolution in Paris. Prior to that, we all had been studying the life and battles of the great Corsican in groups or in solo, but there it all came together. Dressed in Napoleonic uniforms as a part of the international “French” re-enactment group, we were allowed – for the first time in our history! – to visit Napoleon’s tomb in Les Invalides.
    [Show full text]