Hardness in Groundwater from Bedrock Aquifers in Nova Scotia

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! h ! ( ( (! ! ! (! a ! 14 49 ( (( 49 90 d c 90 (! (! l (! (! (! (! H (! n (! (! o (! (! (!(! u C F (! (! (! (! (! ty f (! n (! (! (! (!(! u ! ! ( ( o o ty (! Windsor C n y (! s u (! (! o 14 4980 a (! ng C (! !(! 4980 i ( B !(! K ts (! (!! n (! ( a (! H (! (! A (! K (! n (!(! 101 i 1 (! !( (! n ( n ! a g ! ( (! ! ! ( ( ((! p ! s ( (! (! o (! (! C (! (!(! l 49 (! 49 70 (! i H ! 70 o ( (! s L a (! u u n C (! n ! n t (!(! ! (! (! s (! (! e (! o ! t ( n C (! (! u y b u o n r u (! (! t g n y ty 12 Co (!(! (! !(! (! u (! ! ((! (! (! n (!(! (! ( (!!(!(!(! y (! ( t nt (!(! (! y y Cou ! 49 ( 49 60 t y ants (! ! 60 ! ! ( H ( ( n t u n 14 (!(! (!(!(!(! o u unty 118 107 (! (! o x Co (! (! C alifa (! H (! s C (! (! g g ! n r (! ( i H (! u ! K b L a (! (! (!(! (!(!( 10 n (!(! u l (! (! (! (! n (! i !! (! e (( (! n f (! 107 (! (! (! a n a (! u e x (! (! 7 (! e n (! (! L b C (! ! c 49 (!( 49 50 (!(! (! 50 u o ! !(! 7 ( (! 2 r ( u (!(! ! O (! (! ( g (! ! (! DARTMOUTH(! n (!( (! ! ! ( C t (!(!( (! (! c !( (! y ( o 3 ! (! i ( (! (! u (! (! t (!(! n (! !(! ty t HALIFAX n ( y n (! a (! (! (! u 1(! (! o ty (!(! (! (! (! tl (! (!(! C n ! (! u ( s (! (! (! A (! li o (! 49 C ! 49 (! (

40 o g (! (! 40 ap r (! ! n u (! St. ( n b (! (! (! A en (! Margarets n (! (! (! u (! (! Halifax (! L (!(! (! Bay (! (! (! (! (! (! (! (!(!(! (! (!(! (!(!(!(! (! Harbour A ! (! 4930 n (! ( (! (! 4930 (! n (! (!(! a (! (! D p (! (! Mahone ( ig o b li y s 10 Bay C (! y C (! (!(! (! (! o o (! 103 !(! a u ( u n 8 (! B (!(! n t ty y (! 4920 s ty 4920 y un(! (! r o y C t (! Map Notes a s n (! (! li ou (! (! (! M o C (! 3 (! ap (! . n ns (! (!(! Legend t (! n e This map is one in a series of maps showing the distribution of selected water chemistry parameters at a scale of 1:500 000. A e ! S L ( u (! 4910 Q u 4910 y n Water Chemistry - Hardness (mg/L) (! t e (! y Q n (! Distribution of hardness levels n t u b The source of the groundwater chemistry data is the Nova Scotia Groundwater Chemistry Database (NSGCDB). The NSGCDB was compiled from various federal, provincial and u n e u (! o u e r (! < 60 mg/L ...... (! 1 C n g municipal groundwater chemistry data sources, including well water quality monitoring data from government buildings, and Nova Scotia Environment groundwater chemistry data (! s y Co C (! C o from registered public drinking water supplies, pumping tests, municipal groundwater systems and provincial observation wells. The data presented on this map do not include known b s o u 60 - 120 mg/L ...... (! ig n u n (! (! n t 14 D ee t y contaminated sites and likely represent naturally occurring conditions. 4900 (! u y 4900 Q 120 - 180 mg/L ...... (! (!(! (! (! ty ! (! Coun ( Sedimentary, Carbonate/Evaporite, Volcanic, Plutonic and Metamorphic Groundwater Regions Digby Lake (! > 180 mg/L ...... 12 (! ounty The boundaries of the various bedrock groundwater regions were based on the dominant lithology, which was interpreted from Keppie (2000) for Hopper et al. (2002), and modified by (! uth C Rossignol Yarmo G. W. Kennedy for the Groundwater Regions Map of Nova Scotia. For example, the boundaries of the Carbonate/Evaporite Groundwater Region generally correspond to the Groundwater Regions

4890 boundaries of the Windsor Group, although the Windsor Group also includes other rock types, such as sedimentary bedrock units. Sedimentary ...... 10 4890 y (! t Health Canada Recommended Acceptable y (! n t u n o (! Carbonate/Evaporite ...... Concentration (not an established guideline) (! u GIS databases, cartography and reproduction by Gavin Kennedy, Danielle Finlayson-Bourque, Brian Fisher and Angie Ehler of the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, C o Q (! (! C S u 8 h Mineral Resources Branch, 2010. The GIS databases and map were developed using ArcGIS® 9.3. t h e (! e Volcanic ...... u e e n l n o b (! r u s 48 m u r C (!(! 48 80 r b n (! Plutonic ...... 80 l o 3 Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM), Zone 20, Central Meridian 63°00' West. North American Datum (NAD) 1983 Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS) 98. a e u e n (! 6 Y C Sable Island 44°0'N h 44°0'N o ty S u (!(! Metamorphic ...... (! n t (! Base and digital data derived from the Nova Scotia Topographic Database (NSTDB). Copyright Her Majesty the Queen in Right of the Province of Nova Scotia. The NSTDB is (!(! y available from Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations (SNSMR), Land Information Services Division (LIS), Nova Scotia Geomatics Centre (NSGC), Amherst, Nova Scotia. Primary watershed boundary ...... % of samples % of 4

4870 3 Groundwater region boundary ...... 4870 (! (! Disclaimer (! (!(! (! 103 2 (! (!( The information on this map may have come from a variety of government and nongovernment sources. The Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources does not assume any Roads (primary, secondary) ...... (!(! liability for errors that may occur. This map is intended for use at the published scale of 1:500 000. (! (! 4860 Rivers/streams ...... 0 4860 YARMOUTH (! Selected References Coastline ...... (! 3 (! 0 200 400 600 800 1000 (! County boundary...... (! (! Health Canada 2010: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, Summary Table; available online at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/2010-sum_guide- Hardness concentration (mg/L)* 103 res_recom/index-eng.php. Lakes ...... 4850 4850 3 (! (! (! Hopper, D. B., Bonner, F. J., Fisher, B. E. and Murphy, A. N. (compilers) 2002: Mineral resource land-use (MRLU) maps; Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Minerals and (! Energy Branch, Open File Map ME 2000-004 (series of 98 maps), scale 1:50 000; available online as DP ME 47, version 2, 2002, at (! http://www.gov.ns.ca/natr/meb/download/dp047.asp. 3 (!(!(! (!(! (! Parameter Value Unit 4840 Keddie, A. 2006: Groundwater Quality in Nova Scotia; B. Sc. thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, March 2006. 4840 Lobster (! (! Number of Samples: 1031 - Bay Kennedy, G. W. and Drage, J. 2008: Groundwater regions map of Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Open File Map ME 2008-003, scale 1:500 000; (! available online as Digital Product DP ME 428, at http://www.gov.ns.ca/natr/meb/download/dp428.asp. Maximum Concentration: 1885 mg/L Median Concentration: 92 mg/L Keppie, J. D. (compiler) 2000: Geological map of the Province of Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Minerals and Energy Branch, Map ME 2000-001, scale 4830 (! 4830 (!(! 1:500 000; available online as DP ME 43, version 2, 2006, at http://www.gov.ns.ca/natr/meb/download/dp043.asp. Mean Concentration: 137.4 mg/L 3 (! Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources 2010: Nova Scotia groundwater chemistry database; available online as part of http://gis4.natr.gov.ns.ca/website/nsgroundwater. Typical Detection Limit: 1 mg/L

(! Proportion Below Typical Detection Limit: 0.2 % (! Acknowledgments 4820 (! Health Canada Recommended Acceptable 200 mg/L 4820 Concentration (not an established guideline): (! The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of John Drage and Jennifer McDonald, Nova Scotia Environment, and Heather Cross to this project. (! Proportion Exceeding Concentration: 16.2 % N Recommended Citation Results below detection limit were assigned a level of 1/2 of the detection limit N 000m 000m

10 *Hardness concentration is typically calculated as CaCO3 10 48 Kennedy, G. W. and Finlayson-Bourque, D. 2011: Hardness in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Mineral Resources 48 Branch, Open File Map ME 2011-021, scale 1:500 000.