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A Aircraft Abe, Shinzo, 78 Airbus A330 MRTT, 81 Academia Sinica, 69 military, 76, 109 Activists non-complying, 76 anti-base activists, 99 P-3 anti-submarine planes, 79 anti-base protests, 98 P-3 C patrol, 81 change, 25, 38, 64, 90, 92, 100 surveillance, 42, 46, 60, 61, 81 demands, 90 Aircraft issues left-wing, 98 airspace, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 106, political benefits, 68 108, 111 politics, 90, 99 flight path, 108 right-wing, 98 flight plan, 77, 79 Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense Antarctica, 114 (ABMD), 99 Aquatic food Aegis destroyer, 108 overfishing of local waters, 45 Air Defense Identification Zone per capita consumption, 45 (ADIZ) sources of, 45 China, 3, 70, 75–80, 91, 105, 111 Arbitration identification rules, 76, 111 arbitral tribunals, 21 Japan, 76–80, 108 Court of, 83 Korea, 30, 70, 76–78, 80 Arctic Circle, 114

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Argonaut Island, see Liancourt Rocks Central Committee of the Workers’ Arirang folk song, 40, 82 Party of Korea (DPRK), 41, 42, Artificial islands, 22, 82, 84 49, 93, 100, 107, 108 Association of South East Asian Central Committee on Geographical Nations (ASEAN) Names, 71n5 collective multi-national action, 83 Cha, Victor, 77, 85n1 concerns of, 83 Chang Il-hong, 8 role of, 83 Charney, Jonathan I., 28 Attard, David Joseph, 32n11 Cheonan torpedo strike, 44 Automatic Identification System (AIS), China, see People’s Republic of China 48 China-Japan Principled Consensus on the East China Sea Issue, 116 China-Japan-South Korea Trilateral B Summit, 82 B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers, China Marine Surveillance, 95 107 China-North Korea Joint Offshore Baengnyeong, 94 Petroleum Development Barren Island, see Tongdao Agreement, 26 Baseline, 4, 23, 31n2, 115 China-South Korea Fisheries Batchelor, Robert, 15n7 Agreement, 45, 46 Beckman, Robert, 31n2 Chinese ADIZ, see Air Defense Beibu Bay, see Gulf of Tonkin dispute Identification Zone (ADIZ) Beiyang Fleet, 9 Chinese Association to Defend Suyan Bilateral Rock, 63 challenges, viii, 35–51, 58, 59, 98, Chinese Social Science Academy, see 109, 111 Wang Chien-Hsing defense, 79 Cho Byung-jae, 67 dialogue, 82 Cho Tae-yul, 49, 85 missile defense ties (ROK and USA), Choi Sung-hui, 99 100 Choi Yearn-hong, 8, 113 negotiations, 84 Chosonjuk identity, 39 relations, 2, 3, 36, 41, 42, 50, 70, Chun Jin-sung, 40 84, 109 Chung Jae-Ho, 37, 38, 40 summit, 81 Chung Yeol (King), 7 trade, 90 Citizenship, 39 Boggs, Samuel Whittemore, 11 Civic groups, 42 Bohai Sea, 32n10, 106 Climate change, 96 Boycott, 42, 43, 97, 100 Coastal state authority, 84, 95 EEZ, 22 C pollution, 45 CCTV television channel, 106 Coastal waters, 9 INDEX 137

Coastline E Korea, 85 East China Sea, vii, viii, 2–4, 6, 14, legal considerations, 24, 25 15n1, 24, 25, 27, 30, 36, 45, 48, length and proportionality, 24, 30 60, 66, 69, 76, 79, 80, 83, 84, PRC, 24 91, 92, 94, 95, 106, 107, 111, Vietnam, 25, 114 114–117 Colonisation, 41 northern, 12, 27, 28, 59, 79, 92, economic, 41 106, 108 Commission on the Limits of the East Sea, see Sea of Japan Continental Shelf (CLCS), 23, 48 Economics/economy boycott(s), 42, 97 Foreign Ministry, 48, 61 D leverage, 90 Dagelet Island, see Ulleungdo military planners, 90, 95 Death, see Fatalities retaliation, 42, 99 Defense Reform 2020 (DR 2020), 94 Energy Defense Reform Plan 307 (DRP 307), exploration, 91, 92 94 resources, 92 Delury, John, 41 Environment Democratic People’s Republic of maritime resources, 60, 84, 95, 117 Korea (DPRK) threats, 96 aggression, 41 Equidistant median line principle, 21 China-ROK maritime boundary, 82 Equitable geographical representation missile strike, 100 principle, 20, 23 missiles, 42, 93, 99, 100 Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) nuclear tests, 44 delimitation talks, 41, 45, 47, 84 political influence, 90, 112 neighboring states, 45, 90 refugees, 41 overlapping claims, 82 responses, 39, 60, 64, 65, 108 resource extraction, 2, 114, 115 security concerns, 93 rights and privileges, 30, 31 Denmark, see North Sea Continental Exploitation Shelf Cases factors, 3, 24 Denuclearization, 70 growth, 43, 45, 91, 92 Détente, 106, 109 maritime/oceanic resources, 60, 96 Diaoyu Islands, 96, 116 objectives, 23 Dokdo islets prosperity, 92 anxieties, 66 ties, 28, 42, 44 domestic considerations, 8, 64, 66 travel restrictions, 99 Dongbei Gongcheng, see Revive the value, 91 Northeast Project (RNP/NEP) Exploration(s), 2, 13, 91, 92, 109, Dongji Go, 7 113 Dulles, John Foster, 11 Exports, 43, 45, 50, 94, 97 138 INDEX

F Germany, see North Sea Continental F-15K fighter, 108 Shelf Cases Fairness principle, 85 Goguryeo Research Foundation, 39 Fatalities, 47 Goryeo Dynasty, 7 Fei, John F., 100 Gries, Peter Hay, 40 Fisheries/fishing Gulf of Maine case, 24 co-operative management, 25, 45, Gulf of Tonkin dispute, 25, 28, 114, 46 116 depletion, 45 illegal, 45–51 incidents, 47, 49–51 H overfishing, 45, 90 H-6 strategic bombers, 106, 107 pollution, 45, 98 Haenyeo, 7 rights, 45 Haeyang Nuri, 98 stocks, 45, 115 Haijian 50, 95 tensions, 36, 45–51 Haijiao/Haizhao, see Tongdao zones, 46 Hamel, Hendrik, 9 Flight Information Region (FIR), 80 Hanbok, 40 Folklore, 4–6, 110 Harold, Scott W., 39, 41, 47, 93 Forced repatriation, 41 Hegemonism, 40 Foreign direct investment (FDI), 43 Helicopter/helipad, 6, 59, 80, 81, 95, Foreign vessels, 9, 29 97 Free Trade Agreement (FTA), see Henam, 8 ROK-PRC cooperation Heritage, 36, 39, 40 Freedom of Navigation Operation Hikariko Ono, 78 (FONOP), 82 Hong Kong, 62, 108 Hong Lei, 49 Hong Seoung-yong, 45 G Hongdo, 80 Gageocho (Gageo Reef), see Rixiang Honshu, 16n14 Jiao Hokkaido, 16n14 Ganggamchan, 81 Hsu, Kimberly, 79 Gaogouli, see Koguryo Hu Jintao, 32n12 Garlic battle, 38 Hua Chunying, 82 Gas Hupijiao Rock, 69 Chunxiao gas field, 95 Hydrocarbon, 91, 116 natural, 91 Hydrography, 29 Pinghu gas field, 95 Hyuga shou/Hyuga Reef, see Rixiang Geography Jiao context, 4 factors, 27 location, 94 I Geologic/geology, 28, 60, 64 Ieodo INDEX 139

construction activities, 13, 22, 38, silt line, 24, 27 64 territorial integrity, 23, 96, 117 description, 63 territorial waters, 12, 50, 59, 93 Ieodo Day, 63, 81 tribunal, 21, 25, 27, 83, 115 name, 4, 7, 60, 63, 101n4 See also United Nations Convention Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) on the Law of the Sea description, 6, 60 (UNCLOS) safety zone, 22 state-of-the-art facility, 97 weather forecasting, 60 J wind generators, 6 Jang Hyuk, 80 Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Jang Kwang-il, 107 (IUU) fishing Japan local waters, 45, 90 home islands, 12 overfishing, 45, 90 for maritime-related treaties with Imports Korea (see under Treaty titles) import ban, 38 Japanese Air Defense Identification mobile phones, 38 Zone (JADIZ), see Air Defence polyethylene, 38 Identification Zone Imprisonment and torture, 41 Japan-Korea Fisheries Agreement, 12, Incursions, 45, 90, 107, 108 36 Intelligence Japan-Korea Joint Development Zone gathering, 29, 106 (JDZ) sharing, 95 joint jurisdiction solution, 13 Intercontinental ballistic missiles, 100 Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, Interim Co-management Zone, see see Republic of Korea Navy Transitional Zone (ROKN) International arbitration, 20, 25, 110 Jeju Civilian-Military Complex Port International Civil Aviation cruise ships terminal, 97 Organization (ICAO), 80 mooring capacity, 97 International Court of Justice (ICJ), as an outpost, 99, 100 21, 24, 26, 115 tourism, 42, 97, 100 International forum, 28, 69 Jeju Island International maritime law Island of Abundance/Island of international waters, 45 Grief, 7 island defined, 4, 6, 22 official designation, 100 islet defined, 6, 61, 64 residents, 98 legal practice, 20, 110 Special Self-Governing Provincial maritime law, 2, 3, 15n3, 20, 26, Council, 81 110, 114 Jejudo, 4 norms and standards, 78 Ji Guoxing, 28 proportionality, 20, 24, 26, 28, 110 Jinhae naval base, 79 140 INDEX

Johnston, Douglas M., 32n11 copper plate, 10, 58 Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) [South Hong Jong-in, 10 Korean], 106 Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), Joint Fisheries Commission, 46 13, 40 Joint investigation, 13 Korean Coastguard (KCG), 45, 47, 81 Joint survey, 10 Korean Maritime and Port Jurisdiction/jurisdictional Administration, 58 authority, 20, 58, 110, 111 Korean Maritime Sovereignty, 8 claims, 2 Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and control, 67 Trade (MOFAT), 63, 65 remit, 83 Korean Navy, see Republic of Korea rights, vii, 2, 22, 24, 66, 76, 79 Navy (ROKN) waters, 67 Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI), 60 K Climate Change and Coastal Kang Byeong-Cheol, 29, 69 Disaster Research Department, Kang Hyo-baik, 84 96 Kaye, Stuart B., 31n2 Korean Office of Hydrographic Affairs, KDX-III destroyers, 99 see Korea Hydrographic and Kim Jae-shin, 67 Oceanographic Agency Kim, Sarah, 107 Korean Sea and Harbor Koguryo, 38, 40 Administration, 13 Koh Choong-suk, 64, 113 Korean War, 10, 11 Kor Kian Beng, 83 Koti, 108 Korea Hydrographic and Ko Un, 8 Oceanographic Agency (KHOA), Kyushu, 9, 10 4–7, 10, 11, 13, 59, 96, 98 Korea Institute of Geology, 4, 60 Korea Institute of Public L Administration (KIPA), 8 Law of the People’s Republic of China Korea Ocean Research & on Island Protection, 96 Development Institute, 97 Lee Cheong-ho, 50 Korea-China relations Lee Cheong-jun, 8 joint communiqué, 70 Lee Chul-jae, 107 joint consultative body; over- Lee Jae-min, 26 simplified, 69; summit, 70 Lee Jung Nam, 50 Korean ADIZ (KADIZ), see Air Lee Myung-bak, 30, 68, 95 Defense Identification Zone Lee, Sunny, 40 (ADIZ) Liancourt Rocks, 10, 11, 64, 78, 82, Korean Alpine Mountain Climbing 94, 101, 115, 116 Club Liaoning, 99, 106 INDEX 141

Libya and Malta continental shelf case, resources, viii, 2, 11, 15, 20, 23, 28, 24 36, 46, 47, 60, 69, 84, 90–92, Li Jie, 107 95, 96, 110, 112, 114–117 Li Keqiang, 82 Ming Dynasty, 9 Lind, Jennifer, 93 Missile Liu Cigui, 30 attacks, 42, 44 Liu Weimin, 48, 67 batteries, 99 Liu Zhendong, 95 launch, 93, 106 Liu Zhenmin, 49, 85 Miyako Island, 106 Lotte group conglomerate Monitoring golf resort, 43 scientific facilities, 59 land swap deal, 43 system, 67 Luwenyu 15001 incident, 47 Multilateral approach, 115 Lynx anti-submarine helicopters, 81 Mutatis mutandis, 22 Mutual understanding beneficial development projects, 45 M reassurances, 58, 59, 111 Malaysian waters, 84 Myth and legend, 3 Marado, 4, 6, 64, 68, 80 Maritime areas boundaries, 25, 28, 82, 93, 95, 114 N delimitation, 25–28, 30 Nagoya, 12 demarcation, 2, 22, 82 National Geographic Information peripheral territories, 67, 68, 92, 96 Institute (ROK), 60, 71n5 zones, 22, 26, 109 National security, viii, 29, 91 Maritime hotline, 49 Nationalism, 66, 80 Maritime Mineral Resource Act, 92 pan-ethnic Chinese, 39 Mayen, Jan, 24 Natural resources Media conservation, 20, 60 media outlets, 50, 82 living, 23, 47 speculation, 61, 91 non-living, 23 Memorandum of understanding, 50 Naval activities, see Military Middle Kingdom, 39 Navigation Military charts, 9, 12 drills, 107 details, 48 exercises, 29, 79, 93, 94 errors, 12 hotline, 49, 108 routes, 49 operations, 29 Netherlands, see North Sea strength compared, 95 Continental Shelf Cases Minerals Non-geographical factors, 24 deposits, 97 Non-living resources, see Minerals other non-living resources, 23 Normalization of ties, 36 142 INDEX

North Korea, see Central Committee ethnic Korean population, 39, 40 of the Workers’ Party of Korea fishermen and fishing vessels, 47, 49 (DPRK) Global Times, 69, 80, 91, 95, 100 North Sea Continental Shelf Cases internet site, 63 (between Germany, the maritime exports industry, 45 Netherlands, and Denmark), 26 media, 38, 49, 61, 100 Northeast Project, 38–43 migrants, 39 Northern Limit Line (NLL), 80 Ministry of Civil Affairs, 63 Northern Seas Fleet/Northern Ocean Ministry of Land Resources, 62, 63 Fleet, see Beiyang Fleet People’s Liberation Army Air Force Nuclear weapon(s), 42, 93 (PLAAF), 107, 108 People’s Liberation Army Navy(PLAN), 13 O status quo policy, 29, 94 Ocean currents, 6, 59 superpower mentality, 44, 90, 112 Ocean Development Report, 95 trade imbalance, 43 Oil urbanization, 45 deposits, 97 Peripheral waters, 30, 44, 96, 113 resources, 91 Permanent Court of Arbitration Okinawa, 77, 106 (PCA), 83 Okinawa Trough, 14, 27, 48 Philippines, 83 Okinotorishima, vii, 14 Poet/poetry, 8 Oost, 9 Pollution, 45, 98 Optimism, 3, 36, 37, 42, 43, 83, 110 Popular sentiment, see Public opinion Oriental Hope, 65 PRC Civil Aviation Administration, 76 PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 63 P PRC Ministry of Land Resources, 62 Pacific Ocean, 106 PRC-DPRK cooperation, 41 Parangdo, 4, 11, 13, 96, 101n4 PRC-ROK cooperation, see ROK-PRC Park Choon-Ho, 24 cooperation Park Geun-hye, 50, 70, 81, 84 Press People’s Republic of China (PRC) briefing, 67 agricultural exports, 45 conference, 80, 82 anti-South Korean sentiment, 42 release, 59, 82 China-South Korea ties, 80 Prolongation principle, 28 Chinese tourists, 42, 100 Protests/protestors, see Activists Communist Party (CCP), 38, 47, Provisional Measures Zone (PMZ), 46 92 Public opinion, 15n4, 41, 48 domestic politics, vii, viii, 3, 38, 68, Pyo Wook Ham, 11 117 Pyongyang, 26, 40–42, 44 INDEX 143

Q Rixiang Jiao (Rixiang Reef), 64 Qi Jingfa, 45 saber-rattling, 96 Qin Gang, 30, 61, 79 Roehrig, Terence, 2, 14, 37, 43, 45, Qing China, 9 47, 48, 95 Qingdao, 12 Roh Moo-hyun, 39 Qiu Guohong, 42 ROK Air Force (ROKAF), 106, 108 Quantum of the Seas, 97 ROK Coast Guard officers, 49, 50 ships, 47, 49, 51, 65 R ROK Congress of Cheju Special Ratification, ratify, 12, 27, 70n1 Self-Governing Province, 63 Realist tenets, 113 ROK-Japan delimitation talks, 45 anarchic world, 113 ROK Marine Corps, 107 Reconnaissance, 79, 101, 107, 108 ROK Maritime Mineral Resource Act, 12 Republic of Korea (ROK) ROK Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 39, airlines, 80 63, 67, 82 attitudes, 69, 100 ROK Ministry of Land, Transport and citizens/citizenship, 39, 43, 76 Maritime Affairs, 59, 98 companies, 42, 43 ROK Navy (ROKN) domestic law, 48 fleet plans, 101 domestic politics, 68, 70 Japanese Maritime Self-Defense embassy in Beijing, 62 Force, officers, 80 government, 46, 48, 65 personnel increase, 6 government press briefing, 67 search and rescue (SAR), 50, 80 hotline with China, 108 ROK-PRC cooperation, 93 media, 49, 65 Fisheries Agreement 1997, 59 Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade, free trade agreement, 37, 70, 84 67 Joint Fisheries Committee, 45; Ministry of National Defense, 94, 107 maritime boundaries, 93 National Assembly (Parliament), 48 ROK-USA-Japan perspective, 78 NGOs, 58 Rusk, Dean, 11 post-war, 10 Russia, 9, 108 products, 42 quiet diplomacy, 85n1 right-wing media, 99 S sensitivities, 111 Salvage territorial waters, 14, 50, 93 company, 65 Reunification, 37, 41 efforts, 64 Revive the Northeast Project (RNP/ incident, 66 NEP), 36, 38 operation, 58, 64–66, 111 Rights and privileges, 21, 23, 29, 31 unauthorized, 65 144 INDEX

San Francisco Treaty, 11 Ship-ramming incident, 116 Schofield, Clive, 31n2 Shunfeng xiangsong, 9 Scholars Snyder, Scott, 36, 37, 40, 43, 44, 50, Chinese, 24, 27 62 independent, 101 Society for Ieodo Research (SIR), 64, Korean, 64, 78, 91, 114 66, 113 legal, 20, 114 international conference, 66 Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC), Socotra (merchant ship), 10 60 Socotra Rock Sea of Japan, 8, 9, 94, 107 dimensions, 4, 65, 101, 106, 112 Seabed, 2, 12, 23, 24, 27, 30, 91, 98, location, 3, 5, 76, 106 114–116 tide(s), 4, 15n2 Second World War, 10, 50 topography, 3–6 Security transportation and supply lifelines, analysts, 76 90, 91, 112 concerns, 10, 20, 85, 92–97, 113 website controversy 2008, 67 connotations, 90, 95 Song Sang-ho, 14, 84 considerations, 25, 28–30, 90, 101 South China Sea, viii, 3, 29, 36, developments, 96 82–84, 91, 95, 111, 115, 117 interests, 25, 29, 92–93 South Korea, see Republic of Korea Sediments, 24, 27, 30 Spratly Islands, 91 Selden map, 9, 15n7 Stabbing incidents, 48 Senkaku Shoto Islands, vii, 116 State Oceanic Administration (SOA) nationalization of, 116 claim controversy, 67 Seogwipo City Maritime Police, 65 journal publication, 62 Seohae, see East China Sea, northern ocean environment projects, 62 Seventeenth National Congress of the purpose, 62 Communist Party of China, 63 Statute of the International Court of Shaanxi Justice, 22 Y-8 early-warning aircraft, 106 Storey, Ian, 84 Y-9 intelligence-gathering plane, Strategic ambiguity, 29, 94 106 Stratfor Worldview, 83 Shan Hai Jing, 9 Su Rock, 9 Shanghai, 10, 15n2, 97 Subi Reef, 83 Shanghai Riverside Fleet, 12 Sunken ship, see Oriental Hope Shenyang Flying Shark Sun Nahm-kook, 82 J-11 fighter jets, 108 Superpower status, 44 J-15 fighter jets, 106 Surhone, Lambert M., 4, 5, 9–12, 59, Sheshan Dao, 4, 15n2 60 Shikoku, 16n14 Surveillance Shim Jae Seol, 96 flights, 81 Shin Hyon-hee, 14, 48, 51, 76, 80, 81 joint operations, 65 Shipping lanes, 97, 98 ships, 67, 95 INDEX 145

systems, 42 United Nations Convention on the Surveying/surveys, 9, 10, 13, 27, 29, Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 49, 91, 98 adjacent coasts, 27 Suyan islet, 4, 61 Article 1, 23 Suyan Jiao (Suyan Reef), 4, 90 Article 21, 13 Suyan Rock Protection Association, 62 Article 38, 22 Syngman Rhee Peace Line, 11 Article 56, 22 Article 58, 29 Article 60, 22 T Article 74, 22 Taiwan, 69, 78 Article 76, 23, 27 Takeshima, see Liancourt Rocks Article 77, 23 Talaie, Farhad, 31n2 Article 80, 22 Tang Dynasty, 9, 44 Article 83, 22 Tauscher, Ellen O., 100 Article 87, 29 Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense Article 121, 22 (THAAD), 41–43, 97, 100, Article 300, 22 105–107, 109 Article 301, 22 Terrorism, 95 coastal state, 15n3, 22, 23, 31 Thayer, Carl, 84 conflict interpretations, 20 Threat(s), 22, 36–38, 40–42, 76, 80, continental margins, 23 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 111, 112, continental shelf, 3, 14, 22, 23, 26, 118n4 27, 58–60, 111 Tiezzi, Shannon, 49, 81, 83 guidelines, 25, 60 Tokyo, 12, 78, 79, 116 opposite coasts, 27 Tongdao, 15n2 Part XV Section 2, 70n1 Torishima, 4, 12 UNCLOS III, 29 Tourism/tourists, 42, 43, 97, 100 United States (US) Transitional Zone (TZ), 46 military, 29, 37, 77, 93, 94, Treaty titles, 20 107 Trilateral negotiations, 59 naval presence, 113 Trust, 93, 115 occupation of Japan, 11 TU-154 reconnaissance plane, 108 ROK-Japan alliance, 83 Type 001A aircraft carrier, 106 troops, 100 warships, 81, 98 UN sanctions, 108 U UN Security Council Resolution Ulleungdo, 9–11, 108 1718, 108 UNESCO World Heritage list, 40 Urban centers, 94 Unilateral actions, 22, 61, 69 USS Frasen, 82 United Nations Commission on the USS Mississippi (SSN-782), 107 Limits of the Continental Shelf USS Stethem, 108 (CLCS), 23, 48 Utsuryoshima, see Ulleungdo 146 INDEX

V Y Valencia, Mark J., 12, 13 Yajiao Rock, 69 Van Dyke, Jon M., 6, 24, 25, 27, 30, Yang Uk, 78 46, 47, 63, 92, 115 Yang You Chan, 11 Vassal state, 39, 40 Yangtze River, 24 Vice-ministerial level talks, 85 Yazhou Zhoukan, 62 Vietnam, 25, 28, 114, 116 Yellow Sea, see East China Sea, northern Yeodot, 7 W Yeonpyeong Island, 44 Wang Chien-Hsing, 62 Yi Chong-jun, see Lee Cheong-jun Washington, 11, 83, 93, 99, 100, 117 Yoon, Sukjoon, 45, 81, 94 Waterwitch, 10 Yu Yingli, 83 Weather Yuejin, 12 forecasting, 60 Yulgok Yi I, 79 hazards, 98 Yun Yon, 93 patterns, 6, 59 station, 6, 22 West Sea, see East China Sea, northern Z Whang Joung-il, 44 Zero-sum game, 36, 37, 111 Working-level talks, 49 Zhang Xinsen, 67 Zhao Jianming, 69 Zhonghua minzu, see Nationalism, X pan-ethnic Chinese Xi Jinping, 81, 84 Zhu Feng, 84 Xinhua News, 66, 80 Zou Keyuan, 27