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Tomasi Def Mio 29 Dicembre.Indd Atti Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Trieste 61 2020 5-122 XII 2020 ISSN: 0335-1576 FITO-ZOOCECIDI DELL’ALTA VALCELLINA (PREALPI CARNICHE) (PARCO NATURALE DOLOMITI FRIULANE) ETTORE TOMASI Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, Via dei Tominz, 4 – I – 34139 Trieste, Italia Abstract – Investigation Gall-making of the high Valcellina, (Friuli Venezia Giulia, North-Eastern Italy). The Autor reports the results schieved between 1990 and 2011, of the researches concerning the galls of the high Valcellina (Prealpi Carniche) Dolomiti Friulane Natural Park (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy NE). 1145 species have been identifi ed, subdivided as follows: Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiaceae (2), Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonadaceae (1), Ascomycota: Dothideaceae (2), Erysipaceae (1), Clavicipitaceae (1), Hypocreaceae (4), Protomycetaceae (7), Rhytismataceae (3), Taphrinaceae (21); Basidiomycota: Chaconiaceae (1), Coleosporiaceae (4), Cronartiaceae (2), Melampsoraceae (9), Phragmidiaceae (8), Pucciniaceae (155), Pucciniastraceae (8), Uropyxidaceae (1), Incertae sedis (5), Exobasidiaceae (5), Tilletiaceae (55), Ustilaginaceae (56); Chytridiomycota: Physodermataceae (6), Synchytriaceae (15); Myxomycota Didymiaceae (1); Oomycota Albuginaceae (1), Peronosporaceae (18); Plasmodiophoromycota Plasmodiophoraceae (1); Mitosporic Fungi (2). Nematoda Anguinidae (5), Heteroderidae (5), Aphelenchoidae (1); Acari: Acari spp. (1), Tenuipalpidae (1), Phytoptidae (5), Eriophydae (115), Tarsonemidae (1); Insecta Oodonata Lestidae (1); Thysanoptera Thripidae (4); Heteroptera Miridae (1), Tingidae (4); Homoptera Aphrophoridae (1); Homoptera Psylloidea Aphalaridae (7), Psyllidae (6), Triozidae (18); Homoptera Aphidoidea Adelgidae (10), Phylloxeridae (1), Aphididae (139); Homoptera Coccoidea Criptococcidae (1), Asterolecaniidae (1), Diaspididae (5); Coleoptera Polyphaga Buprestidae (1); Cerambycidae (2), Apionidae (21), Curculionidae (41); Diptera Cecidomyiidae (188), Lonchaeidae (1), Tephritidae (22), Lauxaniidae (1), Agromyzidae (7), Chloropidae (7), Anthomyiidae (1), Muscidae (1); Lepidoptera Alucitidae (2), Pterophoridae (3), Coleophoridae (1), Monphidae (2), Gelechiidae (6), Sesiidae (2), Tortricidae (20), Pyralidae (1), Crambidae (2), Geometridae (1); Hymenoptera Argidae (3), Tenthredinidae (33), Cynipidae (39), Eurytomidae (9). Key words: Gall-making organisms, Parco Naturale Dolomiti Friulane, FVG, Italy. Riassunto breve – Indagine cecidologica sull’alta Valcellina (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia Nord-Est). L’Autore riporta i risultati delle ricerche, effettuate tra il 1990 e il 2011, inerenti i fi to-zoocecidi dell’area dell’alta Valcellina (Prealpi Carniche) Parco Naturale Dolomiti Friulane (FVG, Italy NE). Nell’area sono state identifi cate 1145 specie così ripartite: Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiaceae (2), Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonadaceae (1), Ascomycota: Dothideaceae (2), Erysipaceae (1), Clavicipitaceae (1), Hypocreaceae (4), Protomycetaceae (7), Rhytismataceae (3), Taphrinaceae (21); Basidiomycota: Chaconiaceae (1), Coleosporiaceae (4), Cronartiaceae (2), Melampsoraceae (9), Phragmidiaceae (8), Pucciniaceae (155), Pucciniastraceae (8), Uropyxidaceae (1), Incertae sedis (5), Exobasidiaceae (5), Tilletiaceae (55), Ustilaginaceae (56); Chytridiomycota: Physodermataceae (6), Synchytriaceae (15); Myxomycota Didymiaceae (1); Oomycota Albuginaceae (1), Peronosporaceae (18); Plasmodiophoromycota Plasmodiophoraceae (1); Mitosporic Fungi (2), Nematoda Anguinidae (5), Heteroderidae (5), Aphelenchoidae (1); Acari: Acari spp. (1), Tenuipalpidae (1), Phytoptidae (5), Eriophydae (115), Tarsonemidae (1); Insecta Oodonata Lestidae (1); Thysanoptera Thripidae (4); Heteroptera Miridae (1), Tingidae (4); Homoptera Aphrophoridae (1); Homoptera Psylloidea Aphalaridae (7), Psyllidae (6), Triozidae (18); Homoptera Aphidoidea Adelgidae (10), Phylloxeridae (1), Aphididae (139); Homoptera Coccoidea Criptococcidae (1), Asterolecaniidae (1), Diaspididae (5); Coleoptera Polyphaga Buprestidae (1); Cerambycidae (2), Apionidae (21), Curculionidae (41); Diptera Cecidomyiidae (188), Lonchaeidae (1), Tephritidae (22), Lauxaniidae (1), Agromyzidae (7), Chloropidae (7), Anthomyiidae (1), Muscidae (1); Lepidoptera Alucitidae (2), Pterophoridae (3), Coleophoridae (1), Monphidae (2), Gelechiidae (6), Sesiidae (2), Tortricidae (20), Pyralidae (1), Crambidae (2), Geometridae (1); Hymenoptera Argidae (3), Tenthredinidae (33), Cynipidae (39), Eurytomidae (9). Parole chiave: Fito-zoocecidi, Parco Naturale Dolomiti Friulane, FVG, Italia. 1. – Premessa Nell’ambito dei progetti di ricerca del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste (MCSN) c’è quello, già avviato nel 1985, dell’indagine Cecidologica riguardante la regione Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG). Molte le ricerche già realizzate e pubblicate, ma 6 qualche area necessita di analisi e approfondimenti, proprio per la notevole importan- za e varietà degli ecosistemi in esse custoditi. In seguito al lavoro cecidologico già realizzato precedentemente e riferito alla Ri- serva Naturale Orientata Sperimentale del Prescudin (TOMASI, 2018b), che rientra nell’ambito delle Prealpi Carniche, il presente lavoro sul Parco Naturale delle Dolo- miti Friulane (PNDF), desidera ampliare la conoscenza cecidologica di quest’area prealpina del FVG. Ora, in questa ricerca, anche se non comprende tutte le Prealpi Carniche, rac- chiude e rappresenta il territorio che è stato defi nito eccezionale per bellezza del paesaggio, specifi cità geologica e il meno antropizzato della regione. Fattori che, ovviamente, hanno determinato la salvaguardia dei suoi ecosistemi. Settore prezioso, che rappresenta uno dei nove sistemi dolomitici riconosciuto Patrimonio dell’Uma- nità da parte dell’UNESCO (2009). Nota: L’intera area interessata dall’indagine ccedologica, è sempre stata scarsamente popolata e questo ha contribui- to in modo determinante a lasciare intatto il paesaggio fi no ad oggi. Risale al 1973 l’idea di istituire un Parco Naturale nel settore nord-occidentale della regione FVG. Tuttavia solo nel triennio 1986/1989 venne stilato il piano di conservazione e sviluppo su incarico della Regione e di concerto con i Comuni interessati. L’anno seguente i Comuni di Andreis, Cimolais, Claut, Erto e Casso e Forni di sopra, adottarono il piano e il parco fu istituito con il nome di Parco delle Prealpi Carniche; successivamente, nel 1991, quando anche il comune di Forni di sotto entrò a far parte del parco, si creò un comitato di coordinamento che si occupò dell’avvio gestionale dell’area pro- tetta. L’iniziativa di istituire l’area protetta fu quindi all’inizio avviata dagli enti locali interessati. Nel 1996 infi ne, la Re- gione Autonoma FVG promulgò la legge regionale n. 42 del 30 settembre che, in adeguamento alla normativa nazionale (L. 394/1991), istituì defi nitivamente il Parco Naturale Regionale delle Dolomiti Friulane. L’area interessata dalla ricerca occupa la parte nord-occidentale della regione, aperta tra i fi umi Tagliamento e Piave ed al cui interno oltre alle valli principali Cel- lina, Cimoliana e Settimana, altre vallate minori si inoltrano tra le numerose alture e cime dolomitiche. Il particolare isolamento del territorio del Parco, l’assenza totale di insediamenti umani, la scarsa e ridotta viabilità e il diffi cile pernottamento, hanno condizionato non poco lo svolgimento delle escursioni di ricerca e di analisi dei siti interni. Il me- todo d’indagine, ormai collaudato, cioè quello delle esplorazioni stagionali organiz- zate sul territorio, per il rilievo dettagliato della consistenza Fito-Zoocecidologica, ha permesso di identifi care 1145 specie, per caratteristiche fi toclimatiche, fi sionomiche ed ecologiche, prescindendo l’esame su Bryophyte e Lichene. La ricerca cecidolo- gica quindi, offre un quadro prossimo alla totale consistenza di galligeni in rapporto alle 1200 specie di piante del territorio, di cui 571 piante ospiti sono state interessate dai cecidi. In passato, il terrtorio ha subito uno sfruttamento intensivo del bosco di latifoglie del fondovalle e quello delle conifere microterme delle aree più elevate, non scordan- do il taglio del pino mugo, dei versanti montani. Notevoli i dissesti idrogeologici che hanno interessato le valli Cimoliana e Settimana, assieme all’abbandono dei pascoli e delle malghe che, oggi, a cura dell’Azienda Regionale delle Foreste (ARDF), ha posto rimedio e riorganizzato l’area in una gestione più opportuna, valorizzando le attività produttive e quelle turistiche ed escursionistiche. 7 Negli interventi dell’ARDF sulla pianifi cazione territoriale è stata posta partico- lare attenzione a valorizzare le peculiarità naturalistiche del territorio, la cui ricostru- zione naturalistica e paesaggistica perfetta, costituisce esempio nel settore delle Alpi e Prealpi orientali. La Presente indagine cecidologica, basata sull’individuazione, distribuzione e rapporti tra galligeno e pianta ospite, ha lo scopo di rendere noto l’aspetto inedito di questa disciplina scientifi ca e ampliare le conscenze fi to-zoocecidologiche nell’am- bito della regione FVG. La ricerca è stata motivata da una crescente necessità di conoscere la biodiversità regionale, anche da un punto di vista cecidologico come, del resto prevede, la L.R. 42/96, e facilitarne ampia divulgazione ad appassionati naturalisti, ricercatori e quan- ti altri sono interessati. La cecidologia – alquanto trascurata in Italia – è da considerarsi particolarmente interessante sia per il complessso aspetto bioecologico che indaga, sia e soprattutto per gli aspetti fi tosanitari nei quali alcune specie
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