!

California)Film)Institute)Education) 8th)Annual)Environmental)Youth)Forum) Social)Environmentalism) Resource)Guide)

Monday,!February!8,!Tuesday,!February!9,!and! Wednesday,!February!10,!2016! The$Christopher$B.$Smith$Rafael$Film$Center$

Resource!guide!compiled!by!Roberta!McNair! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Table)of)Contents) Day)One:)February)8,)2016) 6) The)Boy)and)the)World) 6)

About&the&)ilm& 6& About&)ilmmaker&Alê&Abreu& 7& Deforestation&in&the&Amazon& 7& Globalization&and&workers&10& Small>group&activity& 12& Shorts:)The)Environment)for)Beginners)13)

The&Marvelous&Musical&Report&of&the&Marine&National&Monuments& 13& Worse&Than&Poop!& 15& Yuck& 17& Racing&with&Copepods& 20& Me&.&.&.&Jane& 22& Nausicaä)of)the)Valley)of)the)Wind) 26)

About&the&)ilm& 26& About&the&director&& 26& About&the&Nausicaä&manga& 28& Topics&for&discussion& 30& LandOill)Harmonic) 32)

About&the&)ilm& 32& About&the&issue& 33& Activities& 36& Just)Eat)It:)A)food)waste)story) 37)

About&the&)ilm& 37& Group&activities& 42& Cowspiracy:)The)Sustainability)Secret) 44)

About&the&)ilm&& 44& About&the&directors& 46& Paris&climate&change&summit&and&the&taboo&of&meat>eating& 48&

2 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Zimbabwe:&16,000&Cattle&Succumb&to&Drought& 49& Activities& 50& Resources& 50& Speakers,)Panels,)and)Presentations) 51)

Shorts:&The&Environment&for&Beginners& 51& The&Boy&and&the&World& 51& Just&Eat&It.& 51& Cowspiracy& 51& Nausicaä&of&the&Valley&of&the&Wind& 51& Day)Two:)February)9,)2016) 52) Indian)Point) 52)

About&the&)ilm& 52& Group&or&individual&activities& 56& The)True)Cost) 57)

About&the&)ilm& 57& About&the&)ilmmakers& 58& About&the&issues& 59& Group&and&individual&activities& 60& Bikes)vs)Cars) 62)

About&the&)ilm& 62& About&the&issues& 63& Small&group&or&class&activities& 68& PlantPure)Nation) 70)

About&the&)ilm& 70& About&the&message& 73& Resources& 76& Antarctica)3D:)On)the)Edge) 77)

About&the&)ilm& 77& About&the&)ilmmaker& 78& About&Antarctica& 79&

3 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! The)Anthropologist) 82)

About&the&)ilm& 82& About&the&issue& 84& Speakers,)Panels,)and)Presentations) 92)

Indian&Point& 92& The&True&Cost& 92& A&Conversation:&Pedal&or&Gas&Pedal& 92& PlantPure&Nation& 93& Antarctica&3D:&On&the&Edge&93& Climate&Reality&Presentation& 93& Ocean&Panel&and&Copepods&93& The&Anthropologist& 93& Day)Three:)February)10,)2016) 94) Over)Troubled)Waters)94)

About&the&)ilm& 94& North)of)the)Sun)(Nordfor)Sola)) 101)

About&the&)ilm& 101& About&the&issue& 103& Racing)Extinction) 105)

About&the&)ilm& 105& About&the&“characters”& 106& About&the&Anthropocene& 108& Resources&for&further&study& 110& Catching)the)Sun)111)

About&the&)ilm& 111& About&the&director& 111& About&the&issues& 112& The)E]Waste)Tragedy) 116)

About&the&)ilm& 116& About&the&)ilmmaker& 117& 4 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

About&the&issue& 117& Speakers,)Panels,)and)Presentations) 123)

Environmental&Justice&Panel& 123

5 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

World!teaches!above!all!the!dangers!of!the! Day)One:)February)8,)2016) massificaCon—making!luxury!products!available!to! the!masses—of!the!economy,!of!the!mind,!and!of! The)Boy)and)the)World) the!soul.! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3183630/fullcredits? ref_=__ov_st_sm! Missing!his!father,!who!has!had!to!leave!their! village!to!find!work,!a!boy!leaves!home!and! discovers!a!fantasy!world!dominated!by!machines,! animals,!and!strange!beings.!This!extraordinary! animaCon!employs!various!arCsCc!techniques!to! portray!the!issues!of!the!modern!world!through!the! eyes!of!a!child.!! (Translated!using!Google!Translate!and!other! resources.)! h_p://omeninoeomundo.blogspot.com.br/p/projeto2.html! Genesis)of)The&Boy&and&the&World& By!Alê!Abreu! SomeCmes!I!have!the!feeling!that!the!movies! find!me!and!not!otherwise.!! In!2006,!a!state!grant!directed!us!to!work!on! project!development!for!Canto$La;no,!an!animaf doc!(mix!of!animaCon!with!documentary)!covering! various!periods!in!the!troubled!history!of!the! conCnent!from!the!perspecCve!of!the!protest!songs! of!the!1970s.!The!project!started!at!the!end!of!the! producCon!period!for!Cosmic$Boy,!and!it!seemed!to! be!a!natural!conCnuaCon,!leading!me!into! passionate!research!on!the!topic.!Besides!books!and! About&the&)ilm& music,!my!backpack!became!full!of!many! notebooks.!In!2007,!we!finished!the!project,!but!we! 80!mins.!! never!went!back!to!thinking!about!the!movie.! Indeed!and!reaffirming!the!idea!that!the! Original!Ctle:!O$Menino$e$o$Mundo! documentary!leads!to!ficCon!and!vice!versa,!Canto$ Director/Screenwriter/Editor!Alê$Abreu La;no!became!the!seed!for!The$Boy$and$the$World.!! Producers!Fernanda$Carvalho,$Tita$Tessler The!cause!or!trigger!of!this!metamorphosis!was! Music!by!Ruben$Feffer,$Gustavo$Kurlat$ the!emergence!in!my!sketchbooks,!notes,!and! Cast!(voices)!Vinicius$Garcia,$Lu$Horta,$Marco$ thoughts!from!Canto$La;no,!the!figure!of!a!boy,! Aurélio$Campos! who!at!the!Cme!I!called!Cuca.!The!design!stood!out! An!amazing!Brazilian!animaCon!that!truly! from!the!rest!by!its!extreme!simplicity,!and!it! exemplifies!the!power!of!imagery!and!music!as!a! seemed!to!beckon!to!me.!More!than!the!character! combinaCon!that!has!more!than!enough!to!portray! himself,!that!kind!of!drawing,!gestural!and!very! a!powerful!and!deep!message.!It!shows!an! simple,!was!growing!and!overlapping!the!project! adventurous!quest!that!illustrates!the!issues!of!the! Canto$La;no.!Thus!Cuca!earned!a!context,!a! modern!world!through!the!eyes!of!a!child.!A! situaCon!already!well!built!as!a!backdrop,!his! cauConary!tale!of!globalizaCon,!The!Boy!And!The!

6 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! garden.!It!was!then!about!finding!the!story!in!that! AnimaCon!FesCval.!His!second! universe.! short!film,!Espantalho!(The! Scarecrow),!released!in!1998,! I!wrote!a!first!drai!very!loosely,!sCtching!ideas! won!the!3rd!Best!Brazilian! together:!Cuca!carried!by!the!wind,!the!encounter! AnimaCon!at!the!Anima! with!an!old!boy,!the!departure!of!the!father,!an! Mundi,!the!Best!Art!DirecCon! abandoned!factory!mystery,!etc.!But!always! Award!at!the!Brazilian!Film! incorporated!into!the!background!was!the!situaCon! FesCval!of!Miami,!and!was! presented!in!Canto!LaCno,!and!I!sought!to!find! nominated!for!Best!Animated! there!a!line!that!united!them!into!a!story.!! Feature!at!the!first!Grande! As!for!the!script,!there!wasn’t!much!at!this! Prêmio!Cinema!Brasil.!His!first!feature!film,!Garoto$ stage,!at!least!the!way!we!are!accustomed!to! Cósmico$(Cosmic$Boy),!debuted!at!the!2007!Anima! understanding!it.!From!the!drai!ideas,!I!was! Mundi.!In!2013,!he!released!The$Boy$and$the$World,! building!the!film!directly!in!the!ediCng!room,! his!second!feature!film,!at!the!O_awa!InternaConal! already!in!an!audiovisual!form,!creaCng!a!new! AnimaCon!FesCval.!! process!for!animaCon.!The!process!took!just!over!a! h_p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%AA_Abreu! year!of!work.!I!took!notes,!sketching!in!a! sketchbook,!and!then!transformed!these!ideas!into! Deforestation&in&the&Amazon& small!pieces!of!history!that!were!incorporated!into! the!film!pack.!Imagining!sounds!and!snippets!of! By!Rhe_!Butler,!July!9,!2014! songs!as!my!reference!and!influencing!the!assembly! Since!2004!the!rate!of!deforestaCon!in!the! itself.!I!think!maybe!that’s!why!the!film!has!virtually! Brazilian!Amazon!has!fallen!nearly!80!percent!to!the! no!dialogue.!! lowest!levels!recorded!since!annual!record!keeping! began!in!the!late!1980s.!Importantly,!this!decline! has!occurred!at!the!same!Cme!that!Brazil’s! economy!has!grown!roughly!40!percent,!suggesCng! a!decoupling!of!economic!growth!from! deforestaCon.!!

I!write!this!the!end!of!our!first!year!of!work!and! a!long!period!of!prefproducCon.!At!this!point!we! have!discovered!much!of!the!film!we!are!building,! the!drawings!and!technical!mixtures!of!the! scenarios,!the!rhythm!of!a!character,!the!camera! movements.!It!imposes!its!language!and!puts!us!in! moCon.!My!job!as!director!is!to!be!a_enCve!to!the! voices!of!the!film!and,!immersed!in!this!fable,!be! guided!by!it.!! (Translated!using!Google!Translate!and!other!resources.)! About&)ilmmaker&Alê&Abreu& Alê!Abreu!is!a!Brazilian!film!director!and! screenwriter!born!in!1971.!Sírius,!his!first!short!film,! debuted!at!the!1993!Anima!Mundi!as!the!only! Brazilian!animaCon!that!year.!It!won!the!Best!Film! Award!at!the!FesCval!de!Cine!para!Niños!y!Jovenes! ! and!was!also!screened!at!the!Mostra!Internacional! While!this!is!welcome!news!for!Earth’s!largest! de!Cinema!São!Paulo!and!at!the!secCon!AnimaCon! rainforest,!it!is!nonetheless!important!to! for!Children!of!the!Hiroshima!InternaConal! 7 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! understand!why!more!than!580,000!square! Commercial$agriculture$ kilometers!(224,000!square!miles)!of!Amazon!forest! Soy!producCon!in!the!Amazon!exploded!in!the! has!destroyed!in!Brazil!since!1980.!Why!has!Brazil! early!1990s!following!the!development!of!a!new! lost!so!much!forest?!What!can!be!done!to!stop! variety!of!soybean!suitable!to!the!soils!and!climate! deforestaCon?! of!the!region.!Most!expansion!occurred!in!the! Why$are$rainforests$in$the$Brazilian$Amazon$being$ cerrado,!a!wooded!grassland!ecosystem,!and!the! destroyed?$ transiCon!forests!in!the!southern!fringes!in!the! Amazon!basin,!especially!in!states!of!Mato!Grosso! DeforestaCon!in!the!Amazon!is!the!result!of! and!Pará!—!direct!conversion!of!rainforests!for!soy! several!acCviCes,!the!foremost!of!which!include:! has!been!relaCvely!limited.!Instead,!the!impact!of! • Clearing!for!ca_le!pasture! soy!on!rainforests!is!generally!seen!to!be!indirect.! • ColonizaCon!and!subsequent!subsistence! Soy!expansion!has!driven!up!land!prices,!created! agriculture! impetus!for!infrastructure!improvements!that! • Infrastructure!improvements! promote!forest!clearing,!and!displaced!ca_le! • Commercial!agriculture! ranchers!to!fronCer!areas,!spurring!deforestaCon.!! • Logging! In!recent!years!soy!growers,!crushers,!and! Clearing$for$CaIle$Pasture$ traders!have!taken!steps!to!reduce!the! Ca_le!ranching!is!the!leading!cause!of! environmental!impact!of!their!crop!in!the!Amazon! deforestaCon!in!the!Brazilian!Amazon.!This!has! biome.!Aier!a!damaging!Greenpeace!campaign!in! been!the!case!since!at!least!the!1970s:!government! 2006,!leading!players!in!the!industry!agreed!to!a! figures!a_ributed!38!percent!of!deforestaCon!from! moratorium!on!soy!grown!on!newly!deforested! 1966f1975!to!largefscale!ca_le!ranching.!Today!the! lands.!Independent!analysis!has!shown!that!growers! figure!is!closer!to!60!percent,!according!to!research! are!mostly!abiding!by!the!ban:!only!12!of!630! by!Brazil’s!NaConal!InsCtute!for!Space!Research! sample!areas!(1,389!of!157,896!hectares)! (INPE)!and!its!Agricultural!Research!CorporaCon! deforested!since!July!2006—the!date!the! (Embrapa).!Most!of!the!beef!is!desCned!for!urban! moratorium!took!effect—were!planted!with!soy.!! markets,!whereas!leather!and!other!ca_le!products! Logging$ are!primarily!for!export!markets.! In!theory,!logging!in!the!Amazon!is!controlled! by!strict!licensing!which!allows!Cmber!to!be! harvested!only!in!designated!areas.!However,!there! is!significant!evidence!that!illegal!logging!is!quite! widespread!in!Brazil.!In!recent!years,!Ibama— Brazil’s!environmental!enforcement!agency—has! made!an!increasing!number!of!large!seizures!of! illegally!harvested!Cmber.!!

! Brazil!is!today!the!world’s!largest!exporter!and! producer!of!beef.!Much!of!its!expansion!has!taken! place!in!the!Amazon,!which!currently!has!more!than! 90!million!head!of!ca_le,!up!from!26.6!million!in! 1990!and!equivalent!to!more!than!90!percent!of!the! total!U.S.!herd.!The!Brazilian!Amazon!has!more!than! 214,000!square!miles!of!pasture,!an!open!space! larger!than!France.!! !

8 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Logging!in!the!Amazon!is!closely!linked!with! The!deforestaCon!of!the!Brazilian!rain!forest!has! road!building.!Studies!by!the!Environmental! created!a!hidden!consequence:!The!seeds!of!palm! Defense!Fund!show!that!areas!that!have!been! trees!have!evolved!rapidly!to!be!smaller.! selecCvely!logged!are!eight!Cmes!more!likely!to!be! “If!we!think!about!climate!change,!we!will!have! se_led!and!cleared!by!shiiing!culCvators!than! less!rainfall,!and!we!know!that!for!smaller!seeds,! untouched!rainforests!because!of!access!granted!by! they!lose!more!water!than!large!seeds,”!Galev!told! logging!roads.!Logging!roads!give!colonists!access!to! LiveScience.!“That’s!a!major!problem!for!this!palm.! rainforest,!which!they!exploit!for!fuelwood,!game,! building!material,!and!temporary!agricultural!lands.!! The!AtlanCc!Forest!runs!along!the!coast!of! Brazil,!starCng!at!the!easternmost!Cp!of!South! h_p://www.mongabay.com/brazil.html! America!and!conCnuing!approximately!to!the! Deforestation)Plants)the)Seed)for) country’s!southern!border.!The!region!has!been! Rapid)Evolution)in)Brazil) heavily!altered!by!human!agriculture,!with!only! about!12!percent!of!the!original!forest!remaining.!

LiveScience!Senior!Writer,!May!31,!2013 Of!that!area,!about!80!percent!is!disjointed! By!Stephanie!Pappas! fragments!too!small!to!support!large!animals.!As!a! The!deforestaCon!of!the!Brazilian!rain!forest!has! result,!large!fruitfeaCng!birds!have!vanished!or! created!a!hidden!consequence:!The!seeds!of!palm! nearly!vanished!from!much!of!the!forest.!These! trees!have!evolved!rapidly!to!be!smaller.! birds!swallow!fruit!seeds!and!spread!them!through! their!droppings!over!many!miles,!making!the! The!change!is!the!result!of!a!domino!effect!that! animals!crucial!to!the!forest!ecosystem.! begins!with!human!agriculture!and!hunCng,!which! have!devastated!large!bird!populaCons!in!the! Galev!and!his!colleagues!studied!seed!sizes!in! AtlanCc!Forest!of!Brazil.!With!these!birds,!which! 22!populaCons!of!palm!trees,!some!in!fragments! include!colorful!toucans!and!coCngas,!locally!exCnct! where!hardly!any!large!birds!survive!and!others! or!barely!hanging!on,!the!palm!trees!have!no!way!to! where!bird!populaCons!are!relaCvely!robust.!! disperse!their!largest!seeds.!As!a!result,!seed!sizes! They!found!that!seeds!are!consistently!smaller! are!smaller!in!parts!of!the!rain!forest!where!large! in!sites!without!large!birds.!Seed!sizes!vary,!but!in! birds!are!missing,!finds!a!new!study!detailed!in!the! areas!with!few!or!no!large!birds,!common!sizes! May!31!issue!of!the!journal!Science.! range!from!about!0.3!to!0.4!inches!(8!to!10! Combined!with!climate!change,!the!result!could! millimeters)!in!diameter,!with!almost!no!seeds!a! be!devastaCng!for!palms,!said!study!leader!Mauro! halffinch!(12!mm)!in!diameter.!In!areas!with!robust! Galev,!an!ecologist!at!Paulista!State!University!in! largefbird!populaCons,!halffinch!(seeds!are! Brazil.! common,!with!some!seeds!reaching!0.55!inches!(14! mm).!In!sites!without!large!birds,!the!researchers! found!that!seeds!with!a!diameter!of!a!halffinch!or! larger!had!nearly!no!chance!of!being!dispersed! away!from!their!parent!tree.! Other!factors—such!as!soil!ferClity,!forest!cover! and!climate—could!not!explain!the!change!in!seed! size,!the!researchers!reported.! Human$acKon! Using!geneCc!data!from!the!seeds,!Galev!and! his!colleagues!created!computer!models!to!figure! ! out!how!long!it!would!have!taken!trees!to!evolve! A$toucanet$eats$a$palm$fruit$in$Brazil’s$Atlan;c$forest.$ smaller!seeds!in!birdffree!zones.! Toucanets,$like$toucans$and$other$large$birds,$disperse$big$seeds$ “For!the!plants!that!we!studied,!it!was!50!to!75! over$wide$distances.$ years,”!Galev!said.!“It’s!quite!fast.”!

9 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Human!deforestaCon!in!the!AtlanCc!Forest! transit!fare!hikes!and!spread!to!include!causes!such! dates!back!to!the!1800s,!more!than!enough!Cme!for! as!an!end!to!official!corrupCon.! the!observed!changes!to!evolve.! Worker!mobilizaCons!took!the!naConal!stage!in! The!only!way!to!turn!the!Cde!against!the! 2014.! changes,!Galev!said,!is!reforestaCon!and! In!January,!a!10fday!bus!drivers!strike!brought! conservaCon.! the!city!of!Porto!Alegre!to!a!halt.!The!strike!wasn’t! The!researchers!plan!to!study!other!plant! led!by!union!officials—the!union!is!conservaCve— species,!and!to!take!a!deeper!look!at!the!geneCcs!of! but!by!the!opposiCon!union!caucus!backed!by!Bloco! the!seeds,!to!understand!how!forest!fragmentaCon! de!Lutas!(FighCng!Bloc).! might!be!affecCng!heredity.! This!first!bus!strike!triggered!others!in!Rio!de! Janeiro,!Belo!Horizonte,!Fortaleza,!and!Sao!Paulo,! plunging!traffic!into!chaos!in!these!major!ciCes.! Janitors!who!clean!the!streets!in!Rio!de!Janeiro! also!struck!during!Carnival,!leaving!the!city!a!mess.! In!spite!of!that,!most!people!supported!the!janitors! against!the!mayor,!who!was!refusing!to!increase! their!wages.! “The!mayor!says!that!our!movement!is!a!riot,! but!a!riot!is!an!uprising!of!prisoners,”!one!of!their! leaders!declared!to!the!mainstream!newspaper!O$ ! Globo.!“Here!is!an!acCon!of!workers,!unless!the! mayor!believes!that!janitors!are!thugs.”! The$palm$(Euterpe$edulis)$relies$on$birds$to$disperse$its$seeds.$ The!janitors’!rebellion!started!because!the! “First!of!all,!we!have!to!replant!the!forest!and! mayor!and!union!officials!had!agreed!on!what! put!back!animals!that!are!important,!and!stop! workers!thought!was!a!toofsmall!wage!increase:!10! hunCng,”!he!said.! percent!(Brazil!faces!6.37!percent!inflaCon!this! h_p://www.livescience.com/36992fdeforestaConfplantsfthef year).!Like!the!bus!strike,!this!was!led!by!an! seedfforfrapidfevoluConfinfbrazil.html! opposiCon!caucus.!It!ended!with!janitors!winning!a! Globalization&and&workers& 37!percent!increase.! Brazilian)Workers)Buck)Union)OfOicials)) Claudia!Costa,!June!23,!2014!! The!World!Cup!is!in!full!swing,!and!official! propaganda!from!President!Dilma!Roussef’s! administraCon!portrays!Brazil!as!a!wonderland.!But! Brazilians!have!been!exposing!the!truth!in!a!full!year! of!demonstraCons,!protests,!and!strikes.! The!massive!public!spending!on!the!World!Cup! has!thrown!into!contrast!the!poor!pay,!high!fares,! and!starved!public!services!Brazilians!endure.!And! the!construcCon!has!driven!up!housing!costs!and! displaced!poor!workers.! Protests!began!last!summer!when!two!million! people,!mainly!youth,!filled!the!streets!of!several! ciCes.!The!demonstraCons!kicked!off!protesCng!

10 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Wildcats,$Everywhere$ banners!reading!“Transport!is!not!a!commodity.”! The!union!offered!to!suspend!the!strike!if!the!metro! It’s!notable!that!many!strikes!are!being! were!made!free.! organized!from!below,!without!the!approval!of! union!leaders.!AcCvists!are!seeking!alternaCves!to! A!court!ordered!them!back!to!work,!but!they! profgovernment!unions!and!federaCons.! refused.!Only!supervisors!kept!working!and! managed!to!open!some!metro!staCons.!Despite!the! CSPfConlutas,!a!militant!federaCon!formed!by! disrupCon!to!the!transportaCon!system,!77!percent! unions!and!acCvists!who!broke!away!from!Brazil’s! of!the!populaCon!supported!the!strike,!according!to! largest!labor!federaCon,!the!CUT,!is!becoming!a!pole! a!survey!carried!out!by!a!mainstream!TV!channel.! of!a_racCon!for!this!new!generaCon!of!labor! acCvists.! The!governor!of!Sao!Paulo!sent!the!riot!police! into!metro!staCons!to!beat!and!arrest!striking! Labor!sociologist!Ruy!Braga,!at!the!University!of! workers.!Courts!sided!with!the!governor!and! Sao!Paulo,!links!this!new!labor!movement!to!the! declared!the!strike!“abusive.”!Then!42!workers!were! increase!in!casual!and!outsourced!workers,! fired.!The!union!is!campaigning!to!reinstate!them,! underpaid!and!working!in!degraded!condiCons.! and!the!strike!is!suspended!as!of!this!wriCng.!! They’re!the!ones!who!are!“rising!against!union! officials!and!their!compromising!spirit,”!he! The!Sao!Paolo!metro!strike!got!internaConal! explained!to!alternaCve!newspaper!Correio$da$ a_enCon!and!support.!The!mainstream!newspaper! Cidadania.!Casual!and!outsourced!workers!in!Brazil! O$Estado$de$Sao$Paulo!published!a!profile!of!AlCno! may!have!unions,!but!oien!don’t!share!the!same! Prazeres,!the!union!president,!with!the!headline,! union!or!the!same!contract!as!regular!workers.! “Who!is!the!man!who!threatens!the!World!Cup?”! ‘Who$Is$the$Man$who$Threatens$the$World$Cup?’$ More$Popular$Protests$ Union!officials!have!led!some!strikes,!including! On!top!of!labor!struggles,!there!are!community! those!of!public!university!employees,!and!workers! and!student!mobilizaCons!to!protest!exorbitant! in!the!Ministry!of!Culture!and!in!the!Brazilian! World!Cup!expenditures.!They’re!moCvated!by! InsCtute!of!Geography!and!StaCsCcs.! dissaCsfacCon!with!corporate!privileges!and!lowf quality!public!services.!Dilma!Roussef’s! The!most!important!was!the!Sao!Paulo!metro! administraCon!is!their!main!target.! workers!strike!June!5,!the!anniversary!of!the!2013! demonstraCons!about!fare!increases,!and!shortly! InteresCngly,!these!mobilizaCons!have!no! before!the!start!of!the!World!Cup.!The!union!was! presence!from!tradiConal!organizaCons!like!the! defending!the!right!of!public!transit!and!demanding! CUT,!the!landless!movement,!or!the!naConal! a!12.2!percent!pay!increase.! students’!associaCon.!Even!the!homeless! movement,!which!had!been!occupying!an!area!next! to!a!$400!million!stadium!in!Sao!Paulo,! compromised!with!Roussef’s!administraCon!in! exchange!for!the!building!of!2,000!housing!units.! Instead,!the!protests!are!led!by!new!formaCons,! such!as!Na$Copa$vai$ter$luta!(There!will!be!struggles! during!the!world!cup),!Não$vai$ter$Copa!(There!will! be!no!World!Cup)!and!¿Copa$para$quem?!(Who!is! the!World!Cup!for?).! There’s!no!sign!this!struggling!mood!will!stop! aier!the!World!Cup.!On!the!contrary,!there!are! many!opportuniCes!for!contract!campaigns!in! tradiConal!sectors—metal,!oil,!and!bank!workers— Nearly!all!workers!crossed!their!arms!for!five! to!link!up!with!popular,!youth,!and!nonfunion!labor! days,!and!rallied!with!community!members!raising! struggles.!

11 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

and!disputes.!AddiConally,!most!trade!unions!kept! to!their!own!areas!of!work.!However,!in!Brazil,! factory!workers,!teachers,!and!hospital!workers!all! protested!in!solidarity!with!one!another.!Brazil! recently!had!significant!numbers!of!union! members:!In!the!1990s,!one!in!three!workers! (around!33.3!percent)!belonged!to!a!union.!In!2013,! however,!only!one!in!six!(around!16.5!percent)!of! Brazil’s!wage!and!salary!workers!belonged!to!a! union.!Eleven!point!three!percent!of!US!wage!and! salary!workers!belonged!to!unions!in!2013.!In!1955,! 35!percent!of!all!wage!and!salary!workers!belonged! Child$labor$in$Brazil,$2002$ to!unions.!! h_p://labornotes.org/2014/06/brazilianfworkersfbuckfunionf officialsfstrike! Many!economists!note!there!is!a!direct!relaConship! between!declining!union!membership!and! Small>group&activity& representaCon!and!income!inequality.!Conversely,! there!is!a!direct!relaConship!between!higher!union! The!laborers!the!Boy!encountered!had!no!job! membership!and!representaCon!and!income!parity.! security!in!the!work!they!did.!They!could!be!fired! Go!to!“Union!decline!and!rising!inequality!in!two! for!a!perceived!physical!weakness!(as!the!old!man! charts.”!Watch!each!of!the!charts’!presentaCons,! was!from!the!co_on!plantaCon)!or!simply!be!made! the!first!on!“Unions!and!Shared!Prosperity”!and!the! unnecessary!through!automaCon!(as!the!young! second!on!“Union!Decline!and!Income!Inequality!in! man!was!from!the!texCle!mill).!Many!US!workers! the!States,!1979–2009.”!Discuss!the!data!and!see!if! find!themselves!in!the!same!situaCon,!even!though! you!and!your!group!can!reach!conclusions.!Do!your! there!are!supposed!to!be!worker!protecCons!in! group’s!conclusions!match!other!groups’! place!that!prevent!arbitrary!firings!or!redundancies! conclusions?!Why!or!why!not?! (through!automaCon!or!offshore!outsourcing)! without!noCce.! In!Brazil,!however,!a!good!percentage!of!workers! who!are!not!selffemployed!or!“migrant”!workers! belong!to!a!labor!or!trade!union!that!has!the!job!of! advocaCng!for!the!workers’!safety,!pay,!benefits,! and!reCrement.!Look!at!the!secCon!GlobalizaKon$ and$Workers.!Read!especially!about!the!protests! throughout!Brazil!in!the!days!before!the!2014!World! Cup,!where!workers!from!different!trades,!fields,! and!professions!demonstrated!against!the!huge! amounts!of!public!funds!that!went!to!build!sites!for! the!World!Cup!instead!of!being!spent!on!educaCon,! civil!service!wages,!pension!funds,!and!public! infrastructure!improvements.!Read!“Brazilian! Workers!Buck!Union!Officials!to!Strike”!to!learn!how! union!leaders!sided!with!the!government!and! corporaCons!over!their!membership,!but!the! workers!protested!anyway.! UnCl!the!late!1970s,!the!US!had!a!strong!labor! union!movement.!While!some!unions!had!the! memberships’!interests!first,!other!unions!took!the! management!or!government’s!side!in!negoCaCons!

12 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Shorts:)The)Environment) for)Beginners) The&Marvelous&Musical&Report& of&the&Marine&National& Monuments& In!Hawai‘i!! Northwest!Hawai‘i!! Sacred!places!galore, historical!shipwrecks!and!planes!and!more, Where!culture!and!nature!mix,! With!Hawaiian!monk!seals!and!albatross!chicks, Some!of!the!most!incredible!reefs!in!the!world!! —from!the!Marine!NaConal!Monuments!Song! Rose$Atoll$ The!Rose!Atoll About)the)Oilm) So!incredibly!beauCful 10!mins.! Supports!a!whole!lot!of!life From!underwater!to!high!up!in!the!sky Directors!Stephani$Gordon,$Laura$Sams,$Robert$ And!the!sea!birds!! Sams So!many!sea!birds!! Producers!Sisbro$Studios,$Open$Boat$Films! Though!the!islands!are!small,! What!is!the!film!about?!A!man!with!a!mustache! As!a!place!to!nest!and!rest!it’s!one!of!the!best!of!all mysteriously!emerges!from!the!ocean!with!a! Sea!turtles!nest!here!too,! briefcase,!on!his!way!to!deliver!a!report!about!the! Pink!reefs!around!blue!lagoons,! four!Marine!NaConal!Monuments!of!the!Pacific! One!of!the!most!prisCne!ecosystems!in!the!world!!! Ocean.!But!his!report!is!anything!by!ordinary.!In! —from!the!Marine!NaConal!Monuments!Song! fact,!it!is!a!hilarious!musical!tribute!(with!a!backup! band)!that!showcases!incredible!footage!from!these! remote,!wild!areas.!Get!ready!to!see!giant!clams,! sharks,!baby!frigate!birds,!red!footed!boobies,!sea! turtles,!Hawaiian!monk!seals,!albatross,!fairy!terns,! deep!volcanic!trenches,!hydrothermal!vents,!shrimp! that!survive!without!sunlight,!and!coconut!crabs! that!climb!up!trees!!The!video!shows!all!four! monuments:!The!Northwest!Hawaiian!Islands,!the! Marianas!Trench,!the!Rose!Atoll,!and!the!Pacific! Remote!Islands.!! h_p://blog.sisbrostudios.com/thefmarvelousfmusicalfreportf winsfatfblue/! Northwest$Hawaiian$Islands— Papahanaumokuakea$ Papahanaumokuakea, Where!millions!of!birds!do!stay!and Nest!here!with!sea!turtles!too,!with!more!than! 7000!species!underwater!it’s!true! Marine$Na;onal$Monuments$map$

13 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Marianas$Trench$ The!Marianas!Trench! Is!surprising,!with!underwater!mountains!rising And!erupCng!below,!With!deep!volcanic! trenches!where!hot!magma!flows, And!hydrothermal!vents, Scalding!hot!hydrothermal!vents, Where!life!can!survive, Without!sunlight!these!creatures!thrive. Species!never!seen!before, And!sCll!there’s!so!much!unexplored, Young!volcanic!reefs!down!to!the!deepest! trench!in!the!world!! —from!the!Marine!NaConal!Monuments!Song!

Why$is$Laura$covered$in$trash?$

The$Marianas$Trench$ Pacific$Remote$Islands$ Pacific!Remote!Islands,! are!some!of!the!most!thriving!ecosystems! we’ve!found,! with!fish!and!coral!all!around.! And!giant!Clams!!So!many!giant!clams!to!see,! and!an!abundance!of!sharks! and!coconut!crabs!that!climb!up!trees.! Unique!and!endangered!species,! incredible!biodiversity,! with!some!of!the!most!incredible!reefs!in!the!world!! —from!the!Marine!NaConal!Monuments!Song! Resources) Outreach!Materials!Based!on!The!Marvelous! Musical!Report!of!the!Marine!NaConal!Monuments! What!is!a!marine!naConal!monument?! Marine!NaConal!Monument!Program! TRASH!TALK:!What!Is!Marine!Debris?!

14 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Worse&Than&Poop!& Did!you!know!that!burning!a!gallon!of!gas! produces!19!pounds!of!carbon!dioxide?!And!that’s! bad—because!carbon!dioxide!is!heaCng!up!our! planet.!Which!is!really!bad.!So!if!you!think!about!it,! CO2.!is!actually!worse!than!poop!?! Worse$Than$Poop!—the!“pooping!cars”!movie —is!a!6fminute!animated!kids’!video!on!the!science! behind!climate!change,!the!role!that!cars!play!in! CO2!polluCon,!and!the!way!we!can!all!get!to!a!poopf free!future.!Starring!8fyearfold!Elliot!as!the!climate! scienCst!narrator,!the!film!features!the!Green!Ninja,! mom’s!minivan,!a!fleet!of!pooping!cars,!and!a!wide! array!of!poopffree!clean!transportaCon!choices.!! h_p://www.worsethanpoop.com/thefproject/! Why$Poop?$ Each!year,!humans!create!more!than!38!billion! tons!of!carbon!dioxide!polluCon.!This!polluCon!is! now!threatening!all!life!on!Earth—and!roughly!a! third!of!it!comes!from!transportaCon.!But!the! problem!with!CO2!is!that!you!can’t!see!it,!you!can’t! smell!it,!you!can’t!taste!it—so!it’s!hard!for!people!to! take!carbon!dioxide!polluCon!seriously.! But!what!if!you!could!see!it?!What!if!the!19! pounds!of!crap!coming!out!of!your!car’s!tailpipe! About)the)Oilm) was!...!crap?! 6!mins.! “Professor”!Elliot,!a!bespectacled!8fyearfold! Director/Writer/Producer/Editor!Vanessa$Warheit wearing!a!neckCe!and!lab!coat,!takes!us!on!a!short! Cinematographer!Vicente$Franco journey!to!a!world!of!pooping!cars,!pooping!trucks,! Narrator!Elliot$ and!pooping!planes—and!then!on!to!a!cleaner! poopffree!future.!Using!a!combinaCon!of!live!acCon! h_p://www.worsethanpoop.com/ourfcrew/! video!and!animaCon,!Worse$than$Poop!$illustrates! basic!scienCfic!facts!about!carbon!dioxide!polluCon! Vanessa!Warheit!is!a! in!a!way!that!kids!can!understand,!and!are!likely!to! filmmaker,!a!mother,!a! remember.! teacher,!a!Climate!Reality! Leader!with!Al!Gore’s! Featuring!mom’s!minivan!(one!pound!of!poop! Climate!Reality!Project,! per!mile!),!the!lumbering!Suburban!(10!miles,!and! and!a!member/owner!of! 19!pounds!of!poop!),!the!electric!Tesla!S!(faster! New!Day!Films.!Her!work! than!a!speeding!Captain!Underpants!),!the!Nissan! has!been!shown!naConally! Leaf,!the!Mitsubishi!i,!buses,!trains,!and!a!floClla!of! on!PBS,!at!film!fesCvals,! electric!and!peoplefpowered!bicycles!and!scooters,! and!via!broadcast!around! Worse$than$Poop!!will!engage!children!ages!5–12!in! the!world.!! the!most!important!issue!of!our!Cme:!climate! change.!! www.vwarheit.blogspot.com!

15 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

As!a!bilingual!SpanishfEnglish!kid,!Elliot!delivers! hold!in!heat,!which!has!resulted!in!the!global! his!message!in!both!English!and!Spanish.!The! warming!we!are!experiencing!today.!! Spanish!version,!¡Peor$Que$Caca!,!will!reach!a!vast! The!other!gases!in!car!exhaust,!carbon! Spanishfspeaking!audience!that!is!currently! monoxide!and!nitrogen!and!sulfur!oxides,!affect!us! underserved!by!the!climate!movement.! in!different!ways.!Carbon!monoxide!gas!is!what! It’s!going!to!make!a!difference—because! makes!car!exhaust!so!dangerous.!Even!if!it’s!just!a! reaching!kids!means!reaching!their!parents.!And! small!amount!that’s!inhaled,!it!can!cause!death.! what!kid!doesn’t!love!talking!about!poop?! Nitrogen!and!sulfur!oxides!combine!with!other! h_p://www.worsethanpoop.com/aboutfthefmovie/! gases!in!the!atmosphere!to!form!acid!rain.! h_p://www.cleanfairfkids.org.uk/airquality.html,!h_p:// www.ehow.com/facts_5212260_carfexhaust_.html!! Poop$is$preIy$bad$ Poop!is!what!makes!up!sewage.!Sewage! overflows!can!happen!when!what!leaves!our!toilets! doesn’t!make!it!to!a!sewage!treatment!plant.!This! can!happen!because!of!storms,!or!it!can!happen!if!a! community!doesn’t!have!a!way!to!treat!sewage! before!it!reaches!a!river,!stream,!bay,!or!ocean.!The! public!health!and!environmental!dangers!from! sewage!overflows!are!huge.!Sewage!pollutes!our! waters!with!various!poisons,!and!it!kills!fish!and! Air$quality$ other!life!in!fresh!or!saltwater!environments.! You!need!to!breathe!to!stay!alive.!But!how!clean! For!us,!sewage!carries!microorganisms—germs is!the!air!you!breathe?!If!you!breathe!dirty!air,!you! —that!can!end!up!in!our!drinking!water!supplies! are!more!likely!to!develop!health!problems!and! and!swimming!areas.!These!diseasefcausing!germs! become!ill.!Plants!and!animals!need!clean!air!too.!A! cause!diarrhea,!vomiCng,!breathing!problems,! lot!of!the!things!that!make!our!lives!more! infecCons,!and!diseases.!Many!of!the!illnesses!are! comfortable!such!as!cars,!electricity,!and!heaCng,! common!and!can!be!treated,!but!sewage!can!also! bad!gases!that!make!the!air!dirty.!Dirty!air!is!called! cause!longfterm,!chronic!illnesses.! “polluted!air.”! Experts!esCmate!that!there!are!7.1!million!mildf “Air!polluCon”!is!how!we!describe!all!bad!gases! tofmoderate!cases!and!560,000!moderateftofsevere! in!the!air!that!we!breathe!and!that!are!dangerous! cases!of!infecCous!disease!from!untreated!sewage! for!us.! water!in!the!United!States!each!year.!The! Have!you!ever!noCced!that!the!air!in!a!city! Environmental!ProtecCon!Agency!esCmates!that! smells!different!from!air!in!the!country?!One!of!the! between!1.8!and!3.5!million!people!get!sick!from! reasons!is!the!amount!of!exhaust!from!vehicles!in! recreaConal!contact!with!sewage!from!sanitary! the!city!and!suburbs.! sewer!overflows!every!year.!While!most!people! When!we!think!of!air!polluCon,!we!should!think! recover!from!these!diseases,!they!can!be!deadly!for! of!transportaCon,!especially!cars.!Today!there!are! children,!the!elderly,!and!other!paCents!with! over!300!million!vehicles!on!the!road!in!the!United! weakened!immune!systems.! States.!The!fuel!they!use—gasoline!and!diesel— Carbon!dioxide!is!worse!than!poop!because!of! releases!a!lot!of!polluCon!in!the!air.!! the!damage!it!is!causing!to!the!enCre!planet.!But! Car!exhaust!usually!contains!carbon!dioxide,! now!that!you!know!how!bad!poop!can!be,!you! water,!carbon!monoxide,!and!various!nitrogen!or! know!that!CO2!is!really,$really!bad.! sulfur!oxides.!Carbon!dioxide—CO2—is!harmless!as! h_p://www.americanrivers.org/iniCaCve/stormwaterfsewage/ a!gas.!But!too!much!CO2!makes!the!atmosphere! projects/sewagefproblemsfandfsoluCons/

16 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Yuck& h_p://themovierat.com/2013/05/25/shortffilmfsaturdayfyuck/! School)meals)in)the)United)States) NutriKon$Standard$for$School$Meals$ Through!the!Healthy,!HungerfFree!Kids!Act! championed!by!…!First!Lady![Michelle!Obama]!and! signed!by!President![Barack]!Obama,![United!States! Department!of!Agriculture]!USDA!made!the!first! major!changes!in!school!meals!in!15!years,!which! will!help!us!raise!a!healthier!generaCon!of!children.! The!new!standards!align!school!meals!with!the! About)the)Oilm) latest!nutriCon!science!and!the!realfworld! circumstances!of!America’s!schools.!These! 20!mins.! responsible!reforms!do!what’s!right!for!children’s! Director/Screenwriter!Zachary$Maxwell$ health!in!a!way!that’s!achievable!in!schools!across! the!NaCon.! A!brave!kid!filmmaker!goes!undercover!to! h_p://www.fns.usda.gov/schoolfmeals/nutriConfstandardsf reveal!the!truth!about!the!food!service!program!at! schoolfmeals! his!elementary!school.! h_p://maxwellproject.com/ourffilms.html! Short$Film$Saturday:$Yuck% May!25,!2013,!by!bernardovillela! I!believe!the!last!Cme!I!posted!a!trailer!it!was!in! conjuncCon!with!another!short!just!so!it!wouldn’t! feel!like!such!a!cheat.!Here,!however,!the!trailer!is! for!a!short,!and!since!the!story!is!cool!and!the!film! looks!to!be!of!significance;!I!will!make!another! excepCon.! This!hit!a!number!of!websites!the!other!day!as! it!appears!to!be!making!a!splash!at!the!NYC! Independent!Film!FesCval.!Quite!simply,!Yuck!is!a! short!documentary!created!by!a!4th!Grade!student! at!P.S.!130!in!New!York!about!the!poor!state!of! public!school!lunches.!Aside!from!the!cleverness,! NaKonal$School$Lunch$Program$(NSLP)$ courage!and!talent!of!this!burgeoning!filmmaker,! the!thing!that!is!as!impressive!as!it!is!scary!about! The!NaConal!School!Lunch!Program!is!a! the!film!is!the!topic.!I!myself!went!through!the!New! federally!assisted!meal!program!operaCng!in!public! York!City!Public!School!system!from!grades!5!thru! and!nonprofit!private!schools!and!residenCal!child! 12!and!the!most!frightening!thing!is!a!lot!of!this! care!insCtuCons.!It!provides!nutriConally!balanced,! food!looks!exactly!the!same,!which!is!why!I’m!glad!I! lowfcost!or!free!lunches!to!children!each!school! brownfbagged!it!most!of!the!Cme.!It!also!makes! day.!The!program!was!established!under!the! forcing!me!and!my!classmates!to!sing!“Food,! NaConal!School!Lunch!Act,!signed!by!President! Glorious,!Food”!at!fiih!grade!graduaCon!all!the! Harry!Truman!in!1946.! more!hypocriCcal.! Program!Fact!Sheet! As!for!Yuck,!you!can!learn!more!about!the!film! h_p://www.fns.usda.gov/nslp/naConalfschoolflunchfprogramf on!its!official!site.!! nslp! 17 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Child$NutriKon$Programs$ introducing!school!children!to!a!variety!of!produce! that!they!otherwise!might!not!have!the!opportunity! The!Food!and!NutriCon!Service!administers! to!sample.! several!programs!that!provide!healthy!food!to! children!including!the!NaConal!School!Lunch! The!various!partnerships!that!FNS!and!state! Program,!the!School!Breakfast!Program,!the!Child! agencies!have!developed!in!the!public!and!private! and!Adult!Care!Food!Program,!the!Summer!Food! sectors,!as!well!as!the!dedicated!work!of!school! Service!Program,!the!Fresh!Fruit!and!Vegetable! administrators,!have!contributed!to!the!overall! Program,!and!the!Special!Milk!Program.! success!and!acceptance!of!the!program.!FFVP!is! Administered!by!State!agencies,!each!of!these! consistent!with!and!supports!the!InsCtute!of! programs!helps!fight!hunger!and!obesity!by! Medicine’s!recommendaCons!to!provide!healthier! reimbursing!organizaCons!such!as!schools,!child! snack!choices!in!schools.! care!centers,!and!aierfschool!programs!for! h_p://www.fns.usda.gov/ffvp/freshffruitfandfvegetablef providing!healthy!meals!to!children.! program! h_p://www.fns.usda.gov/schoolfmeals/childfnutriConf Food$Buying$Guides$for$Child$NutriKon$Programs$ programs! Vegetables!and!Fruits!Chart Fresh$Fruit$and$Vegetable$Program$(FFVP)$ Meat/Meat!Alternates!Chart Fresh!Fruit!and!Vegetable!Program!can!be!an! Milk!Chart! important!tool!in!our!efforts!to!combat!childhood! obesity.!The!Program!has!been!successful!in!

18 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Small]group)and)classroom)activities) “Cck”!mark:!|!=!1,!||!=!2,!|||!=!3,!||||!=!4.!For!each! group!of!5,!cross!the!four!standing!Ccks!with!/.! The!classes!who!saw!Yuck$can!divide!up!into!groups! of!five!or!six!students!each!and!follow!the! Aier!all!the!students!in!your!class!who!saw!Yuck$ instrucCons!below:! have!had!the!chance!to!go!through!the!charts!(or!at! least!parts!of!them),!have!a!class!discussion!about! Answer!this!quesCon!first:!Does!your!school!follow! the!quality!of!the!food!you!get!in!your!cafeteria.! the!menu!shown!on!the!previous!page!or!one!like! Rate!it!on!appearance,!smell,!texture!(crisp?! it?!That!menu!demonstrates!how!the!Healthy,! soggy?),!taste,!and!hunger!saCsfacCon!on!a!1!to!5! HungerfFree!Kids!Act!of!2010!aimed!to!improve! scale,!with!1!being!the!lowest!score!(unless!it!rates! school!lunches!from!the!way!they!were!before! a!0!)!and!5!being!the!highest.! 2010.! What!conclusions!can!you!reach!about!the!quality! The!next!Cme!you!are!at!school!for!lunch,!sit!with! of!the!food!you’re!served!in!the!cafeteria?!Are!you! other!students!who!saw!Yuck!with!you!(your! content!to!keep!eaCng!the!school!lunches,!or!are! teacher!may! you!thinking!about!bringing!your!own!lunch!to! have!assigned! school,!the!way!Zachary!Maxwell!decided!to!have! you!a!group! lunch?! to!sit!with,!or! you!may!have! decided!with! whom!to!sit! among! yourselves).! Have!one! student!for! each!group! download!and!print!out!pages!from!the!Vegetables! and!Fruits!Chart!and!Meat/Meat!Alternates!Chart.! The!charts!are!very!long,!so!maybe!students!can! divide!up!the!charts!among!the!groups!so!that!each! group!prints!out!up!to!10!pages!of!the!Fruit!and! Vegetable!Chart!and!up!to!five!pages!of!the!Meat! Alternates!Chart.!If!there’s!Cme,!the!groups!can! swap!charts,!so!more!students!can!perform!the! exercise.! Go!through!the!Charts!quickly!and!check!off!the! foods!that! you’ve!seen! your!cafeteria! serve!for! lunch!with!a! check!mark:! √.!Maybe!you! haven’t!eaten! the!food,!but! they!might! have!served! it,!so!check!it!off.!For!every!one!of!your!classmates! at!the!table!who!has!actually!eaten!the!food,!put!a!

19 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Racing&with&Copepods& Natural$History$ Copepods!eat!and!are!eaten.!Tiny!copepods! (the!smallest!look!like!specks!of!dust)!live!most! everywhere!in!the!ocean!in!numbers!too!vast!to! count.!They’re!a!key!link!in!ocean!food!webs.!They! eat!diatoms!and!other!phytoplankton—and!are! eaten!in!turn!by!larger!driiers,!larval!fishes!and! filter!feeders.!Copepods!may!be!the!most!abundant! single!species!of!animal!on!Earth.! Cope!is!greek!meaning!an!“oar”!or!“paddle”;! pod!is!Greek!for!“foot.”!Copepods!have!antennae! and!appendages!that!are!used!like!paddles!for! movement.!Some!species!swim!in!a!jerky!fashion,! while!others!move!more!smoothly.! Conserva;on$ The!open!ocean!is!the!world’s!“plankton! About)the)Oilm) pasture,”!home!to!the!Cny!driiing!plants!and! animals!that!power!enormous!food!webs.! 9!minutes! Copepods!are!the!single!most!important!group!of! Director!Carlos$Graña animal!plankton.!Small!fish!feed!on!them!and!are!in! Producer!Barbara$McVeigh turn!eaten!by!bigger!fish,!sea!birds,!seals,!and! Featuring!Dr$Sylvia$Earle,$NaKonal$Geographic$ whales.!We,!too,!depend!on!fish!nourished!by! Explorer$ ocean!plankton.! Twelve!middle!school!youths!take!a!race!sailing! Cool$Facts$ course!where!they!study!the!fastest!animal!on! A!single!copepod!may!eat!from!11,000!to! earth,!copepods.!In!the!process!they!connect!with! 373,000!diatoms!in!24!hours!! the!natural!marine!world!and!become!advocates!for! h_p://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animalfguide/ its!wellfbeing.! invertebrates/copepod! h_p://racingwithcopepods.com/! Diatoms$ What)makes)copepods)so)strong?) Tiny!onefcelled!organisms!called!diatoms!are! Copepod$ found!by!the!billions!in!all!the!waters!on!the!face!of! the!Earth.!The!largest!of!them!are!barely!visible!to! the!unaided!eye,!and!the!smallest!are!less!than!a! thousandth!of!an!inch!long.!Biologists!classify! diatoms!as!golden!or!goldenfbrown!forms!of!algae.! h_p://kids.britannica.com/comptons/artf121654/ MagnificaConfoffafdiatomfrevealsfitsfbeauCfulfsymmetry! Tools$for$crushing$diatoms—opal$teeth$in$ copepods$feature$a$rubber_like$bearing$composed$ of$resilin$ ScienCfic!Reports!2,!ArCcle!number:!465!(2012) Jan!Michels,!Jürgen!Vogt!&!Stanislav!N.!Gorb! Diatoms![algae!with!disCncCve,!transparent!cell! walls!made!of!silicon!dioxide!hydrated!with!a!small! amount!of!water]!are!generally!known!for!superior!!

20 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

conspicuous!that!in!many!cases!scratches!are! present!in!the!surface!material!located!at!the! diastema.!These!scratches!were!observed!to!be! restricted!to!the!areas,!which!are!not!covered!with! filamentflike!structures,!while!on!the!la_er!no! scratches!were!found!(c,!d).!In!the!ventral!tooth!a! single!Cp!is!present,!whereas!all!other!teeth!have! two!Cps!each.!

Symmetrical$diatom$ mechanical!properCes!of!their!mineralized!shells.! Nevertheless,!many!copepod!crustaceans!are!able! to!crush!such!shells!using!their!mandibles![jaws].! This!ability!very!likely!requires!feeding!tools!with! specific!material!composiCons!and!properCes.!For! mandibles!of!several!copepod!species,!silicaf containing!parts!called!opal!teeth!have!been! described.!! The!present!study!reveals!the!existence!of! complex!composite!structures,!which!contain,!in! addiCon!to!silica,!the!soi!and!elasCc!protein!resilin! and!form!opal!teeth!with!a!rubberflike!bearing!in! h_p://www.nature.com/arCcles/srep00465#f1! the!mandibles![jaws]!of!the!copepod!Centropages$ hamatus.!These!composite!structures!likely!increase! the!efficiency!of!the!opal!teeth!while! simultaneously!reducing!the!risk!of!mechanical! damage.!They!are!supposed!to!have!coevolved!with! the!diatom!shells!in!the!evoluConary!arms!race,!and! their!development!might!have!been!the!basis!for! dominance!of!the!copepods!within!today's!marine! zooplankton.! The!mandibular!gnathobases![feeding!tools!to! aid!in!biCng!and!chewing]!of!Centropages$hamatus! possess!a!total!of!eight!teeth!(below,!a).!Compared! to!the!other!teeth,!the!ventral![underside!or!lower]! tooth!and!the!first!central!tooth!are!considerably! larger!and,!based!on!scanning!electron! micrographs,!seem!to!consist!of!another!material! (a,!c–e).!Their!surface!exhibits!a!filamentous! microstructure,!which!is!not!found!on!the!other! teeth!(d–f).!The!single!filamentflike![hairflike]! structures!are!oriented!in!longitudinal![up!and! down]!direcCon.!A!pronounced!diastema![gap]! exists!between!the!two!larger!teeth.!It!is!

21 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Me&.&.&.&Jane& About)Jane)Goodall) When$I$met$Jane$Goodall,$she$hugged$me$like$a$ chimp$ Jane$Goodall,$inspira;on$to$millions,$is$80$today.$In$ December,$she$gave$me$two$hours$of$her$;me,$ during$which$I$asked$her$about$her$childhood,$her$ work$with$the$Gombe$chimps$and$her$life$as$an$ ac;vist.$$ The$Guardian,!3!April!2014 By!Henry!Nicholls! In!February!1935,!the!year!of!King!George!V’s! silver!jubilee,!a!chimpanzee!at!London!Zoo!called! BoofBoo!gave!birth!to!a!baby!daughter.!A!couple!of! months!later,!a!li_le!blondefhaired!girl!was!given!a! About)the)Oilm) soiftoy!replica!of!the!zoo’s!new!arrival!to!mark!her! first!birthday.!This!was!Jane!Goodall’s!first!recorded! 6!mins.! encounter!with!a!chimp.! Directors/Animators/Painters!Paul$Fierlinger,$ Goodall!is!80!today!(happy!birthday!“Dr!Jane”).! Sandra$Fierlinger In!the!intervening!years,!her!research!on!a! Producers!Paul$R.$Gagne,$Melissa$R.$Ellard community!of!chimpanzees!in!Tanzania! Based!on!the!book!by!Patrick$McDonnell revoluConized!our!understanding!of!these!primates,! Narrator!Katherine$Kellgren$ our!closest!living!relaCves,!and!challenged!deepset! In!his!characterisCc!heartwarming!style,!Patrick! ideas!of!what!it!means!to!be!human.!She!then! McDonnell!tells!the!story!of!the!young!Jane!Goodall! packed!in!her!fieldwork!to!become!an!acCvist,! and!her!beloved!childhood!toy!chimpanzee!named! campaigning!Crelessly!for!a!more!enlightened! Jubilee.!As!the!young!Jane!observes!the!natural! avtude!towards!animals!and!the!environment.! world!around!her!with!wonder,!she!dreams!of!“a!life! Along!the!way!she!has!received!nearly!50!honorary! living!with!and!helping!all!animals,”!unCl!one!day! degrees,!and!became!a!UN!Messenger!of!Peace!in! she!finds!that!her!dream!has!come!true.! 2002,!and!Dame!Jane!in!2004.!…! One!of!the!world’s!most!inspiring!women,!Dr.! Jane!Goodall!is!a!renowned!humanitarian,! conservaConist,!animal!acCvist,!environmentalist,! and!United!NaCons!Messenger!of!Peace.!In!1977,! she!founded!the!Jane!Goodall!InsCtute!(JGI),!a! global!nonprofit!organizaCon!that!empowers! people!to!make!a!difference!for!all!living!things.! With!anecdotes!taken!directly!from!Jane! Goodall’s!autobiography,!McDonnell!makes!this! very!true!story!accessible!for!the!very!young—and! young!at!heart.! h_p://www.amazon.com/dp/0316045462/? Goodall!sits!down!neatly!on!the!sofa!with!her! tag=mh0bf20&hvadid=3487408825&hvqmt=p&hvbmt=bp&hvd back!to!the!bright!sun.!…!I!ask!about!her!childhood,! ev=c&ref=pd_sl_9s64albtln_p,!h_ps:// www.dcenvironmentalfilmfest.org/film/jane/! which!I!sense!is!of!great!importance!to! understanding!Goodall.!

22 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Having!seen!a!photograph!of!that!doCng!li_le! months!in!Gombe,!it!was!just!her,!her!mother,!and!a! girl!clutching!Jubilee,!her!birthday!chimp,!I!love!the! single!hired!assistant.!“I!wanted!to!be!alone,”!she! idea!that!this!fluffy!character!influenced!what! says,!“but!I!wasn’t!allowed.”! Goodall!would!go!on!to!achieve.!On!this,!however,! Goodall!pauses,!revisiCng!that!period!in!her! she!sets!me!straight.!When!she!first!ventured!to! mind.!“I’ll!never!forget!going!along!the!shoreline!of! Africa!in!1957,!Goodall!says,!it!had!never!occurred! Lake!Tanganyika,!then!looking!up!…”! to!her!to!work!with!chimpanzees.!Rather,!she!had!a! far!less!specific!and!more!romanCc!dream!inspired! Up!there,!in!the!densely!forested!valleys!that! by!ficConal!characters!from!the!books!she!had!read! funnel!streams!off!steep!hills!to!the!water’s!edge,! as!a!child,!notably!Dr!Doli_le!and!Tarzan.!“I!never! were!the!chimpanzees!she!had!come!to!study.!… wanted!to!be!a!scienCst!per!se,”!she!says.!“I!wanted! During!her!first!sCnt!in!the!field,!Goodall!struggled! to!be!a!naturalist.”! to!get!close!to!the!chimps.!However,!the!individual! she!named!David!Greybeard!proved!a!parCcular! …!Not!long!aier!arriving!in!Kenya,!Goodall! inspiraCon,!showing!her!a!side!to!chimpanzees! captured!the!a_enCon!of!Louis!Leakey,!the!eminent! nobody!had!ever!documented!before.!In!late! palaeoanthropologist!and!curator!of!the!Coryndon! October!1960,!she!watched!David!from!a!distance! Museum!in!Nairobi.!Within!hours!of!meeCng,!she! as!he!gnawed!away!at!the!freshly!killed!corpse!of! had!so!impressed!him!with!her!knowledge!of! what!was!probably!a!baby!bush!pig—an! natural!history!that!he!had!offered!her!a!job.!Within! observaCon!that!ran!counter!to!the!thenf months,!Leakey!and!his!wife,!Mary,!set!out!on!an! widespread!assumpCon!that!chimps!were!strict! expediCon!to!Olduvai!Gorge!in!what!is!now! vegetarians.! northern!Tanzania,!and!Goodall!went!too.!The!place! was!teeming!with!wildlife.! A!few!days!later,!Goodall!witnessed!David! making!and!using!a!tool!to!feed!on!ants.!I!ask!her!to! describe!this!moment!in!detail:!“There!was! vegetaCon!in!the!way!and!David!had!his!back!to!me! …!so!what!I!saw!was!the!hand!picking!up!the!tool.!I! saw!the!movements.!And!I!saw!it!was!obvious!he! was!eaCng!…”! Once!David!had!moved!off,!Goodall!went!to! invesCgate!and!discovered!long!stalks!of!grass!lying! around.!Picking!a!stalk!up,!she!pushed!it!into!one!of! the!narrow!entrance!holes!to!the!ant!colony.!The! Louis$Leakey$and$Jane$Goodall$ disturbance!caused!ants!to!emerge.!The!chimps,! “There!were!lions!and!rhinos!and!giraffes—I! presumably,!would!then!lick!them!off!the!grass.! mean,!everything!was!there,”!she!recalls!with!a! Aier!subsequent,!clearer!sighCngs!of!this!behavior,! flash!of!excitement.!“I!oien!think!that’s!one!of!the! Goodall!went!to!Leakey!with!the!discovery.! most!magical!Cmes!of!my!whole!life.”! “I!knew!it!was!very!important!because!I’d!been! It!was!while!scouring!this!ancient!landscape!for! around!Leakey!long!enough,”!she!says.!At!that! evidence!of!early!humans!and!other!hominids!that! point,!most!people!believed!humans!were!the!only! Leakey!first!menConed!the!idea!of!establishing!a! species!capable!of!making!and!using!tools.!In! complementary!study!on!wild!chimpanzees!to!the! response!to!Goodall’s!observaCons!of!David!and! west,!at!the!Gombe!Stream!Chimpanzee!Reserve!on! others,!Leakey!famously!declared:!“Now!we!must! the!edge!of!Lake!Tanganyika.!Three!years!later,!in! redefine!‘tool,’!redefine!‘man,’!or!accept! 1960,!Goodall!entered!the!reserve!to!begin!her! chimpanzees!as!humans.”! research.! …!At!the!end!of!1961,!there!had!been!a!press! There!had!only!ever!been!one!concerted! conference!at!London!Zoo!to!announce!her! a_empt!to!study!chimps!in!the!wild—and!that! preliminary!findings—and!she!had!hatched!a!plan! scienCst!“had!a!trail!of!22!porters,”!Goodall!says! to!use!this!public!plaäorm!to!call!for!an! with!a!hint!of!pride!in!her!voice.!For!the!first!few! 23 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! improvement!in!the!condiCons!of!the!capCve! age!of!52,!she!walked!away!from!the!field!and! chimps!at!the!zoo.!“There!was!a!bare!cage!with!a! turned!to!a!life!on!the!road.!“How!ridiculous,!really,! cement!floor,”!she!explains.!During!the!summer! when!you!think!about!it,”!she!says.!“What!did!I! months,!the!chimps!had!no!shade:!“It!got!boiling! think!I!could!do,!trovng!around!Africa!with!an! hot!and!there!was!only!one!plaäorm,!the!other!had! exhibit!of!old!pictures!blown!up,!and!bits!of!rock! broken,!so!the!male!got!that!and!the!female!had!to! and!sCck?”! sit!on!the!floor.!It!was!horrible.”! Her!iniCal!focus—facilitated!by!the!Jane!Goodall! Before!the!meeCng,!over!dinner!with!the! InsCtute!she’d!established!almost!a!decade!earlier! diplomat!Malcolm!MacDonald!(who!had!visited!her! to!support!her!chimp!research!at!Gombe—was!to! briefly!in!Gombe!and!would!become!Governorf draw!a_enCon!to!the!plight!of!chimpanzees!more! General!of!Kenya!in!1963),!Goodall!shared!her! generally.!In!the!wild,!habitat!destrucCon,!the! intenCon!to!champion!the!welfare!of!the!capCve! bushmeat!trade!and!animal!trafficking!all!posed! chimps:!“I!was!really!excited.”! significant!threats!to!the!species’!future—and!they! sCll!do.!“It!is!horrendous.”! But!MacDonald,!with!his!experience!as!a! poliCcian,!could!see!a!flaw.!Speaking!out!on!behalf! Even!now,!China!is!asking!African!governments! of!the!chimps!to!a!packed!auditorium!would!be!a! for!chimpanzees!and!gorillas!for!entertainment,! direct!criCcism!of!Sir!Solly!Zuckerman,!an!anatomist! Goodall!tells!me.!“We!feel!our!sanctuaries,!which! who!had!studied!monkeys!in!Africa,!and!gone!on!to! cost!us!so!much!money,!aren’t!safe!any!more.”! become!secretary!of!the!Zoological!Society!and! I!find!myself!being!sucked!into!a!vortex!of! chief!science!adviser!to!the!Ministry!of!Defense,!as! gloom,!but!Goodall!is!always!ready!to!offer!a!reason! well!as!being!director!of!the!zoo.!“Do!you!think!he’s! for!hope—a!word!that!crops!up!Cme!and!again!in! going!to!allow!a!li_le!whipperfsnapper!who!doesn’t! the!Ctles!of!her!many!books.!One!reason!is!what! even!have!a!degree!to!tell!him!he’s!in!the!wrong?”! she!calls!“the!resilience!of!nature”;!by!way!of! Goodall!recalls!MacDonald!telling!her.!“You’ll!make! illustraCon,!she!tells!me!about!land!reforms!in! an!enemy!for!life,!and!you!don’t!want!an!enemy!like! Tanzania!in!the!1970s!that!resulted!in!widespread! that.”! deforestaCon!around!the!Gombe!Stream! Instead,!Goodall!suggested!several!simple! Chimpanzee!Reserve.! changes!to!the!chimps’!enclosure!that!would! improve!their!welfare,!and!MacDonald!worked! behind!the!scenes!to!see!them!implemented.! “What!I!learned!then!is:!don’t!let!people!lose!face,! don’t!try!to!do!something!publicly!unCl!you’ve!tried! every!which!way!to!do!it!quietly.!I’ve!found!that!so! helpful!to!me,”!she!says,!parCcularly!in!places!like! Africa!and!China.!…! A!capacity!for!seeing!the!bigger!picture!may!go! some!way!to!explaining!her!success!as!an!acCvist.! She!pinpoints!her!transformaCon!to!1986,!and!a! chimpanzee!conference!organized!by!the!Chicago! Academy!of!Sciences!to!coincide!with!the! Jane$Goodall$at$Gombe$Stream$Chimpanzee$Reserve$ publicaCon!of!The$Chimpanzees$of$Gombe.!By!then,! “When!I!looked!down,”!she!recalls!of!one!visit,! she’d!spent!more!than!25!years!in!the!field,! “it!was!so!totally!shocking!to!see!our!li_le!oasis!of! completed!her!PhD,!established!the!Gombe!Stream! Gombe!…!It!looked!like!a!dust!bowl:!completely! Research!Center,!got!married,!raised!a!son,!and! bare!hills,!overfarmed,!more!people!living!there! made!further!groundbreaking!observaCons!on! than!the!land!could!support.”! chimpanzee!society—including!insights!into!chimp! Today,!however,!as!a!result!of!the!Lake! communicaCon,!sex,!mother–infant!bonding,!interf Tanganyika!Catchment,!ReforestaCon!and!EducaCon! community!warfare,!and!cannibalism.!But!at!the! Project,!which!her!InsCtute!began!in!1994,!the!

24 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Gombe!chimps!now!have!“three!to!four!Cmes!more! scale!with!their!brains!neatly!colored!in!pink!pencil.! forest!than!they!had!ten!years!ago.!It’s!regenerated! “They!are!not!very!good,”!she!says.! so!quickly.!So!we!have!30ffootfhigh!trees.”!I!feel! I!have!spent!the!last!two!hours!in!the!polite,! be_er!already.!…! inspiring!company!of!a!woman!precisely!twice!my! With!our!Cme!almost!up,!I!realize!I!haven’t! age.!But!as!she!shows!me!her!drawings,!I!get!the! asked!aier!Mr!H,!the!toy!monkey!who!famously! feeling!I!am!talking!to!the!12fyearfold!Goodall.! travels!with!her!from!one!venue!to!the!next.! Finally,!when!I!hold!out!my!hand!for!her!to!shake,! Somehow!Goodall!the!acCvist!doesn’t!seem! she!spurns!it!and!offers!me!something!far!more! complete!without!him,!and!I!wonder!if!he!might! rewarding:!a!chimpanzee!embrace.!Her!delicate! join!us.!…! arms!envelop!me,!slowly,!widely,!deliberately.!There! is!something!categorically!different!about!this!hug;! something!that!will!stay!with!me!for!ever.! “Chimpanzees!don’t!say!goodbye,”!she!says.!I! walk!to!the!door,!trying!to!fathom!what!to!make!of! this.!I!turn!and!call!out!another!farewell,!but! Goodall!doesn’t!reply.!She!has!turned!away!from! me!and!doesn’t!look!back.! h_ps://www.theguardian.com/science/animalfmagic/2014/ apr/03/janefgoodallf80fchimp! Resources) For!the!last!20!years,!Goodall!has!kept!Mr!H! Jane!Goodall!Wants!To!Save!Us!(And!Her!Beloved! close!as!a!reminder!of!another!of!her!reasons!for! Chimps)!From!Ourselves! hope:!“The!indomitable!human!spirit!…!He’s!been! to!at!least!60!countries!with!me,!he’s!been!touched! Jane!Goodall—Wikipedia,!the!free!encyclopedia! by!at!least!four!million!people.!I!say!that!when!you! Gombe!Chimpanzees! touch!him,!the!inspiraCon!rubs!off.”!…! SCll!clutching!Mr!H,!Goodall!reaches!into!her! bag!and!another!soi!toy!peeps!out.!“This!is!Cow”— a!gii!handed!to!her!during!a!recent!visit!to!the! dairyland!state!of!Wisconsin.!“I!was!going!to!give! Cow!to!the!next!deserving!child,”!she!explains,!but! instead!she!has!turned!her!into!“a!spokesperson”! for!abused!farm!animals.!She!looks!at!the!toy!and! then!talks!about!it!as!if!she’s!giving!it!praise.!“Cow! has!worked!really!hard—she!has!created!I!don’t! know!how!many!vegetarians,!even!in!places!like! ArgenCna!where!they!live!on!meat.”!…! Before!I!go,!Goodall!wants!to!show!me!some! drawings!she!made!as!a!child.!They!are!reproduced! in!Me$…$Jane,!a!children’s!book!by!Patrick! McDonnell.!She!finds!a!copy!amid!piles!of!books!by! or!about!her,!and!flips!to!the!relevant!page.!There,! across!a!double!spread,!are!several!meCculous! sketches!of!animals.!The!wing!of!a!pterodactyl! above!the!wing!of!an!eagle;!profiles!of!a!cat,!horse,! crocodile,!dog,!chimpanzee,!and!human—all!to!

25 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Nausicaä)of)the)Valley)of)the) Wind) Naushika)!is!a!1984!Japanese!animated!fantasy! adventure!film!wri_en!and!directed!by!Hayao! Miyazaki,!based!on!his!own!1982!manga!of!the! same!name.!The!film!is!epic!in!scale,!set!on!a!postf apocalypCc!Cmeline.!…! The!film!tells!the!story!of!Nausicaä,!a!young! princess!of!the!Valley!of!the!Wind,!who!gets! involved!in!a!struggle!with!Tolmekia,!a!kingdom!that! tries!to!use!an!ancient!weapon!to!eradicate!a!jungle! of!mutant!giant!insects.!Nausicaä!must!stop!the! Tolmekians!from!enraging!these!creatures.! The!film!was!released!in!Japan!on!11!March! 1984.!Though!it!was!created!before!Studio!Ghibli! was!founded,!the!film!is!considered!to!be!the! genesis!of!the!studio!and!is!oien!included!as!part!of! the!Studio's!works,!including!the!Studio!Ghibli! CollecCon!DVDs!and!Blufrays.!The!film!also!marks! the!first!collaboraCon!between!Miyazaki!and! composer!Joe!Hisaishi.!Hisaishi!has!scored!all!his! films!but!The$Castle$of$Cagliostro!since!Nausicaä.! h_ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausica %C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_%28film%29! About&the&director&&

One)thousand)years)after)the)collapse) Hayao)Miyazaki) of)industrialized)civilization).).).) Hayao!Miyazaki!( ! !Miyazaki!Hayao,!born! January!5,!1941)!is!a!Japanese!film!director,! About&the&)ilm& producer,!screenwriter,!animator,!author,!and! manga!arCst.!Through!a!career!that!has!spanned! 117!mins.! five!decades,!Miyazaki!has!a_ained!internaConal! Director!Hayao$Miyazaki acclaim!as!a!masterful!storyteller!and!as!a!maker!of! Producer!Isao$Takahata anime!feature!films!and,!along!with!Isao!Takahata,! Screenwriters!Hayao$Miyazaki,$David$Smoeller! coffounded!Studio!Ghibli,!a!film!and!animaCon! (English!version)! studio.!The!success!of!Miyazaki’s!films!has!invited! comparisons!with!American!animator!Walt!Disney,! English!version!voices: and!American!directors!Steven!Spielberg!and!Orson! Nausicaä!Alison$Lohman Welles.! Lord!Yupa!Patrick$Stewart Kushana$Uma$Thurman Born!in!Bunkyō,!Tokyo,!Miyazaki!began!his! Mito!Edward$James$Olmos animaCon!career!in!1963,!when!he!joined!Toei! Asbel!Shia$LaBoeuf AnimaCon.!From!there,!Miyazaki!worked!as!an!inf Kurotowa!Chris$Sarandon between!arCst!for!Gulliver’s!Travels!Beyond!the! Obaba!Tress$MacNeille$ Moon,!where!he!pitched!ideas!that!eventually! became!the!movie’s!ending.!He!conCnued!to!work! Nausicaä$of$the$Valley$of$the$Wind!(Japanese:! in!various!roles!in!the!animaCon!industry!unCl!he! !Hepburn:!Kaze!no!Tani!no!! directed!his!first!feature!film,!Lupin$III:$The$Castle$of$

26 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Cagliostro,!released!in!1979.!Aier!the!success!of!his! Miyazaki!announced!on!September!1,!2013,! next!film,!Nausicaä$of$the$Valley$of$the$Wind!(1984),! that!The$Wind$Rises!would!be!his!final!featuref he!coffounded!Studio!Ghibli,!where!he!conCnued!to! length!movie.!In!November!2014,!Miyazaki!was! produce!many!feature!films.!While!Miyazaki’s!films! awarded!an!Honorary!Academy!Award!for!his! have!long!enjoyed!both!commercial!and!criCcal! impact!on!animaCon!and!cinema.!He!is!the!second! success!in!Japan,!he!remained!largely!unknown!to! Japanese!filmmaker!to!win!this!award,!aier!Akira! the!West!unCl!Miramax!Films!released!Princess$ Kurosawa!in!1990.!In!2002,!American!film!criCc! Mononoke!(1997).!Princess$Mononoke!was!briefly! Roger!Ebert!suggested!that!Miyazaki!may!be!the! the!highestfgrossing!film!in!Japan!unCl!it!was! best!animaCon!filmmaker!in!history,!praising!the! eclipsed!by!another!1997!film,!Titanic.!It!became! depth!and!arCstry!of!his!films.! the!first!animated!film!to!win!Picture!of!the!Year!at! As!a!student,!he!majored!in!economics!while! the!Japanese!Academy!Awards.!Miyazaki's!next! a_ending!Gakushuin,!where!he!also!was!a!member! film,!Spirited$Away!(2001),!topped!Titanic’s!sales!at! of!the!children’s!literature!club.!Aier!graduaCng,!he! the!Japanese!box!office,!won!Picture!of!the!Year!at! started!his!career!in!1963!as!an!animator!at!the! the!Japanese!Academy!Awards,!and!was!the!first! studio!Toei!Dōga,!and!was!subsequently!involved!in! anime!film!to!win!an!American!Academy!Award.! many!early!classics!of!Japanese!animaCon.!From! the!beginning,!he!commanded!a_enCon!with!his! incredible!ability!to!draw,!and!the!seeminglyf endless!stream!of!movie!ideas!he!proposed.! In!1971,!he!moved!to!A!Pro!with!Isao!Takahata,! then!to!Nippon!AnimaCon!in!1973,!where!he!was! heavily!involved!in!the!World$Masterpiece$Theater! TV!animaCon!series!for!the!next!five!years.!In!1978,! he!directed!his!first!TV!series,!Conan,$The$Boy$in$ Future,!then!moved!to!Tokyo!Movie!Shinsha!in!1979! to!direct!his!first!movie,!the!classic!Lupin$III:$The$ Castle$of$Cagliostro.! In!1984,!he!released!Nausicaä$of$the$Valley$of$ the$Wind,!based!on!the!manga!(comic)!of!the!same! Ctle!he!had!started!two!years!before.!The!success!of! Miyazaki’s!films!oien!contain!recurrent!themes,! the!film!led!to!the!establishment!of!a!new! such!as!humanity’s!relaConship!with!nature!and! animaCon!studio,!Studio!Ghibli,!at!which!Miyazaki! technology,!and!the!difficulty!of!maintaining!a! has!since!directed,!wri_en,!and!produced!many! pacifist!ethic.!The!protagonists!of!his!films!are!oien! other!films!with!Takahata.!All!of!these!films!enjoyed! strong,!independent!girls!or!young!women.!While! criCcal!and!box!office!successes.!In!parCcular,! two!of!his!films,!The$Castle$of$Cagliostro!and!Castle$ Miyazaki’s!Princess$Mononoke!received!the!Japan! in$the$Sky,!involve!tradiConal!villains,!other!of!his! Academy!Award!for!Best!Film!and!was!the!highestf films,!like!Nausicaä!and!Princess$Mononoke,!present! grossing!(about!US$150!million)!domesCc!film!in! morally!ambiguous!antagonists!with!redeeming! Japan’s!history!unCl!it!was!taken!over!by!another! qualiCes.!Miyazaki!cofwrote!the!films!The$Secret$ Miyazaki!work,!Spirited$Away.! World$of$Arriedy,!released!in!July!2010!in!Japan!and! In!addiCon!to!animaCon,!Miyazaki!also!draws! February!2012!in!the!United!States,!and!From$Up$on$ manga.!His!major!work!was!the!Nausicaä!manga,!an! Poppy$Hill,!released!in!July!2011!in!Japan!and!March! epic!tale!he!worked!on!intermi_ently!from!1982!to! 2013!in!the!United!States.!Miyazaki’s!most!recent! 1994!when!he!wasn't!busy!making!animated!films.! film,!The$Wind$Rises,!was!released!on!July!20,!2013,! Another!manga,!Hikōtei$Jidai,!was!later!adapted! and!screened!internaConally!in!February!2014.!The! into!his!1992!film!Porco$Rosso.! film!went!on!to!earn!him!his!third!American! Academy!Award!nominaCon!and!first!Golden!Globe! h_ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki,!Ghibli!Wiki! nominaCon.! h_p://www.nausicaa.net/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki! 27 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! About&the&Nausicaä&manga& One!thousand!years!aier!the!Seven!Days!of! Fire,!an!apocalypCc!war!which!destroyed!modern! Nausicaä!has!been!the!lifework!of!Hayao! human!civilizaCon!and!the!world’s!ecology,!the! Miyazaki.!For!13!years!(with!some!breaks)!he!wrote! earth!is!covered!by!the!Sea!of!CorrupCon,!a!vast! monthly!installments!of!this!complicated!and! forest!of!fungi!and!plants!that!give!off!a!poisonous! thoughtfprovoking!manga!(or!graphic!novel)!about! miasma!and!is!inhabited!by!large!deadly!insects.! a!princess!who!struggles!to!live!in!the!world!filled! Life!in!this!world!is!most!difficult!for!humans,!but! with!ecological!disasters,!war,!hatred,!and!anger.!By! humans!are!sCll!fighCng!over!the!small!porCons!of! the!Cme!the!manga!was!finished,!Miyazaki!had! inhabitable!lands!lei!to!them!around!the!edges!of! tackled!some!of!the!most!difficult!themes!in! the!Sea!of!CorrupCon.!A!war!is!about!to!break!out! literature:!the!conflicts!between!Nature!and!Man,! between!the!kingdom!of!Torumekia!and!the!Dorok! war!and!peace,!hope!and!despair,!and!the!meaning! Empire,!and!Nausicaä,!the!princess!of!a!small! of!life!and!death.!It’s!truly!a!great!work!of!art!and! country,!the!Valley!of!Wind,!now!has!to!leave!the! thought.! Valley!to!join!the!Torumekian!army,!which!is!about! DepicCng!a!world!so!different!from!ours,! to!invade!the!Dorok!Empire.! Miyazaki!drew!intricate!and!detailed!artwork!of!a! Although!she!is!a!skilled!warrior,!she!hates! strangely!beauCful!forest!and!creatures!who!inhabit! killing,!and!is!torn!between!the!duty!as!a!chieiain! it,!of!strange!looking!machines!such!as!flying! of!her!people!and!her!love!for!every!living!creature,! gunships,!and!of!people!and!their!lives!which!seem! including!Ohmu,!the!huge!insects!who!protect!the! to!be!set!in!the!Medieval!Era!rather!than!in!the! forest.!Nausicaä’s!true!desire!is!to!solve!the!mystery! distant!future.!Yet,!the!issues!which!Nausicaä!faced! of!the!Sea!of!CorrupCon,!and!find!the!“Blue!Pure! during!her!journey!are!the!very!issues!we!are!facing! Land,”!a!place!where!people!can!live!without!being! today.!…! threatened!by!the!poison!from!the!Sea!of! Nausicaä!has!been!highly!acclaimed!and!is!very! CorrupCon.! popular!in!Japan.!In!1994,!Miyazaki!received!the! Through!her!desperate!a_empt!to!prevent! Japan!Manga!ArCsts’!AssociaCon!Award.!The! anyone!from!being!killed,!she!stumbles!onto!the! Nausicaä!series!has!sold!more!than!10!million! secret!of!the!Sea!of!CorrupCon.!But!this!is!just!the! copies!total!in!Japan!alone.! beginning!of!her!long,!hard!journey.!In!the!end,!she! The$Story$ has!to!face!the!true!secret!of!the!world!in!which!she! lives!and!make!a!very!difficult!decision!about!the! ulCmate!fate!of!the!enCre!world.! h_p://www.nausicaa.net/wiki/Nausica %C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_%28manga%29! Nausicaa:)Eco]Warrior)of)Life) By!Bill!Rose!in!Cri;cal$Fantasies! Hayao!Miyazaki’s!Nausicaa:$Of$the$Valley$of$the$ Wind!is!a!cauConary!tale!of!environmental! devastaCon!and!mass!death!set!in!a!postf apocalypCc!fantasy!world.!But!it!is!much!more!than! that.!Nausicaa!herself!wrestles!with!some!of!the! traps!of!nihilism!in!hallucinatory!dream!sequences! on!her!quest!to!foster!the!will!to!live!in!a!world!of! crisis.!She!is!a!quick!and!asserCve!warrior!princess! in!ba_le,!but!her!concerns!call!out!much!farther! than!the!ba_le!at!hand!and!point!towards!the!lives! of!nonfhuman!creatures!and!the!greater! environment!which!she!admires!and!has!a!deep! connecCon!to.!

28 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

around!the!world.!But!the!Nausicaa!manga,! completed!in!the!ten!years!that!followed!the! movie’s!release,!contains!such!dense!and!profound! ideas!that!are!barely!scratched!in!the!movie,!let! alone!his!other!movies.!Certain!quesCons!became! troubling!to!him!upon!hearing!the!environmentalist! response!to!the!movie!and!he!couldn’t!find!the! words!to!express!them.!In!a!telling!interview!he! says:! “So,!aier!the!movie,!I!told!myself!that!I! would!approach!the!problem!more!seriously! to!conCnue!the!manga,!but!once!I!started,! there!were!so!many!things!I!couldn’t! understand.!From!the!beginning!to!the!end,! Human!folly!is!in!full!display!on!this!manga! I!ended!up!wriCng!with!a!whole!lot!of!things! adventure,!and!Nausicaa’s!ulCmate!task!is!to!fight!a! I!couldn’t!understand.”! mysCcal!order!of!thought!plaguing!humans!and! The!story!started!wriCng!itself!as!Miyazaki! prevenCng!an!ecological!social!existence!affirming! brought!himself!to!the!limits!of!religious!and! life.!There!are!godfwarriors,!telepathy,!and!weird! conceptual!problems!he!didn’t!really!want!to!get! spirit!ba_les!in!dreamfspace,!but!the!real!demon!in! into.!He!didn’t!feel!adequately!equipped!to!deal! this!fantasy!story!is!a!bad!mixture!of!despoCsm,! with!them,!but!did!feel!compelled!to!conCnue!the! technological!abuse,!and!misplaced!hope!in!a!“pure! story!and!finish!it!with!more!depth!than!the!movie! world”!coming!from!imperial!human!socieCes.! could!handle.! Nausicaa!insCncCvely!feels!that!the!greatest!danger! lies!not!with!the!enemy!on!the!ba_lefield!or!any! “(I!was!disgusted!with)!not!only! single!environmental!threat!to!civilizaCon!(as!many! environmental!problems,!but!also!where! in!the!story!do)!but!a!certain!kind!of!morality! humans!were!going.!Mostly,!the!way!Japan! carried!over!from!the!past!clouding!our!judgement! was.!And!I!was!most!disgusted!with!the!way! in!Cmes!of!war,!crisis,!and!rapid!environmental! I!was!at!that!Cme.”! change.!IntuiCon!factors!in!heavily!in!moving!her! adventure!along,!but!there!is!much!that!she!learns! from!recalling!her!bioflab!experiments,!applying! them!with!the!latest!developments!in!the!unfolding! story.!With!much!to!learn!at!the!outset,!Nausicaa’s! bid!to!rid!her!world!of!tyranny!and!mass!death!will! depend!on!courage!and!convicCon,!but!also!an! openfminded!curiosity.!Nausicaa’s!is!a!lifefaffirming! tale!that!is!ulCmately!an!a_ack!on!sickly!values!of! the!past!clinging!to!the!present!and!spreading! death!to!the!lives!lived!now.! Nausicaa!is!Hayao!Miyazaki’s!first!story!and!was! his!most!painful!to!write.!It!took!him!12!years!on! and!off!to!finish!the!manga,!struggling!to!find!a!path! to!take!for!the!characters!to!fit!into.!The!manga!was! wildly!popular!in!Japan!but,!due!to!the!success!of! This!unplanned!and!sca_ered!wriCng!exercise!in! his!other!movies,!has!been!largely!and! Nausicaa!led!Miyazaki!into!some!very!perplexing! unfortunately!overlooked!in!America.!The!Nausicaa! scenarios!between!mythological!creatures!and! movie!debuted!in!1984!sevng!off!a!long!movie! imagined!technologies!centered!around!the!idea!of! career!with!Studio!Ghibli!that!has!made!him!famous! life!at!scales!large!and!small.!The!story!is!of!such!

29 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! grandeur!that!religious!concepts!found!their!way!in! Nausicaä$of$the$Valley$of$the$Wind!is!an!animated! but!without!any!dogma!moving!it!forward!besides! film!based!on!a!manga,!so!it!naturally!leans!toward! the!simple!maxim!that!“life!is!good!and!should! the!fantasCcal!in!telling!its!story.!But!the!story!of! thrive.”!Life’s!muClaCon!comes!by!way!of!ideas!here! what!happened!a!thousand!years!before!with!the! —ideas!belied!by!ancient!technology,!which,!in!this! “Seven!Days!of!Fire”!is!unclear!to!the!audience.!War! imagined!future,!are!plaguing!the!individual!lives! seems!to!have!been!part!of!the!apocalypse,!but! struggling!to!thrive!on!a!weakened!planet.!These! what!caused!the!war?!A!nuclear!conflagraCon—the! ideas!are!relics!of!a!past!age!that!have!crossed!a! kind!referred!to!as!“mutually!assured! vast!historical!distance!and!do!the!most!to!keep! destrucCon”—could!leave!a!world!with!only!a!few! society!subjugated!as!if!under!the!spell!of!another! survivors!who!would!increase!their!number!over!a! world.!The!will!to!live!is!kept!in!check!by!the! thousand!years!but!sCll!have!vulnerabiliCes!from! empires!and!their!priests!spreading!needless!death! the!debilitaCon!the!survivors!of!nuclear!blasts! but!also!weakening!the!environment,!further! would!suffer!and!perhaps!pass!along!geneCcally.! catalyzing!death!and!despair.! What!happened!during!those!seven!days!is!alluded! h_ps://billrosethorn.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/nausicaaf to,!but!it!seems!that!no!one!actually!knows!the! ecofwarriorfofflife/! enCre!story.!DestrucCon!great!enough!to!poison!the! planet!and!leave!only!pockets!of!human!survivors! Topics&for&discussion& probably!would!not!provide!much!documentaCon! A!postfapocalypCc!world!peopled!by!a!muchf or!records!of!what!led!up!to!those!final!days.! diminished!populaCon!is!a!frequent!theme!in!film.! Although!it!is!Nausicaä’s!duty!to!assume!her! Some!of!these!films!require!fullfon!sciffi!or!fantasy! father’s!role!as!her!Valley’s!leader,!she!doesn’t!wish! scenarios,!while!others!focus!on!the!people!who!are! to!pursue!conflict!with!other!kingdoms.!She!wants! sCll!alive!aier!the!cataclysm’s!worst!effects!are!in! to!understand!what!is!happening!to!the!world!now the!past,!taking!the!audience!into!a!world!much!like! —what!she!has!learned!from!studying!the!flora!in! our!own,!but!horribly!damaged.! her!lab!deep!below!the!castle.!Her!people!look!to! her!to!lead,!because!they!are!afraid!that!they!will! lose!the!li_le!safety!they!have.!This!is!a!kingdom! where!each!child!born!is!a!blessing!to!all,!because! living!through!childhood!is!not!a!given.!Infant!and! child!mortality!is!high,!in!the!Valley!as!well!as!in! other!kingdoms,!as!we!can!infer!from!the!physical! condiCon!of!the!Tolmekian!princess.! Except!when!she!enraged!by!her!father’s!murder!as! he!lay!in!his!sick!bed,!Nausicaä!wants!to!remain! peaceful.!She!wants!to!go!so!far!as!to!reach!an! understanding!the!the!Ohm—the!giant!insects!living! in!the!toxic!jungle!that!everyone!fears!except!her.! But!the!leaders!and!military!from!the!other! kingdoms!want!to!destroy!the!forest,!the!insects,! and!pre_y!much!any!human!that!isn’t!one!of!their! group.!Only!aier!Nausicaä!has!shown!that!the!Ohm! are!only!a!threat!to!humans!when!they!are! threatened!can!those!who!are!sCll!alive!in!the! kingdoms!even!consider!leaving!the!forest!intact.! Miyazaki!likely!goes!into!more!detail!and!backstory! in!the!manga!for!Nausicaä!than!in!the!film,!but!he! wrote!and!illustrated!it!on!and!off!for!nearly!13! years.!He!expressed!disappointment!at!how!the!film!

30 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! ended,!not!just!because!it!was!a!“happy”!ending! but!that!did!not!seem!to!grow!logically!out!of!the! world!as!presented.! Discuss!the!possibiliCes!of!what!the!“Seven!Days!of! Fire”!were.!Was!the!fire!metaphorical!or!actual?! Could!this!apocalypse!have!been!the!culminaCon!of! an!ecological!disaster?!Some!posit!that!with! increased!methane!gases!released!from!melted! permafrost,!fires!and!explosions!could!occur! spontaneously,!as!temperatures!got!high!enough!to! ignite!the!suddenly!released!methane.! Bring!up!other!films!you’ve!seen!that!work!with!the! scenario!of!the!few!who!survived!the!apocalypse! living!in!fear!of!a!mutated!predator!or!merely!of!the! other!survivors!and!their!descendants.!Is!there!a! character!like!Nausicaä!in!one!or!more!of!these! movies!who!a_empts!to!lead!the!people!by! example!and!exercise!reason!over!fear!and! suspicion?! Take!the!discussion!as!far!as!it!will!go,!but!try!to! reach!some!kind!of!consensus!as!to!what!Miyazaki! was!fearing!and!disgusted!by,!as!noted!in!“Nausicaa:! EcofWarrior!of!Life.”!Is!this!something!we,!sCll!in!the! early!years!of!this!century,!sCll!have!to!fear,!or!was! Miyazaki’s!angst!a!product!of!his!era—when!the! cold!war!was!sCll!a!threat!but!fears!about!the! degradaCon!of!the!planet!began!to!become!a! greater!part!of!the!social!consciousness?!

31 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! LandOill)Harmonic) Cateura,!Paraguay,!is!a!small!village!located!next! to!LaCn!America’s!largest!landfill,!where!gancheros! sustain!by!picking!and!reselling!trash!and!children! play!in!garbage!heaps,!where!a!violin!costs!more! than!a!house.!Out!of!this!squalor,!a!garbagefpickerf turnedfluthier!(who!resurrects!oil!canisters!into! cellos!and!Xfray!film!into!drum!heads),!a!soif spoken!music!teacher,!and!a!group!of!kids!find!each! other.!Through!simple!acts!of!kindness!and!shared! love!of!music,!they!are!cast!on!a!whirlwind! trajectory!taking!them!to!places!and!heights!never! imagined.!! Like!buds!of!spring!awakening!from!dormancy,! the!teens’!lives!are!u_erly!transformed!by!what! their!roles!in!Recycled!Instruments!Orchestra!of! Cateura!offer—from!first!plane!rides!and!trips!to! the!beach!to!playing!a!gig!with!Megadeth(!).!! As!music!teacher!Favio!Chavez!says,!“The!world! sends!us!garbage,!we!send!back!music.”!The!world! offers!broken!dreams!and!these!kids!in!turn!give! back!so!much!more!than!life!recycled.!In!our!culture! of!relaCve!opulence,!can!we!possibly!recognize!its! About&the&)ilm& worth?!! h_p://www.ausCnchronicle.com/daily/sxsw/2015f03f20/sxswf 84!mins.! filmfreviewflandfillfharmonic/ Directors!Brad$Allgood,$Graham$Townsley Recycled)Orchestra)prepares)for)

Cofdirector!Juliana$Peñaranda_Locus Canadian)tour) Producers!Juliana$Peñaranda_Locus,$Jorge$ Maldonado Chris;an$Week,!February!20,!2014 Editor!Brad$Allgood By!Craig!McCartney! Cinematographers!Neil$BarreI,$Timothy$Fabrizio,$ WINNIPEG—The!Recycled!Orchestra!is!coming! Brad$Allgood to!Canada.!Beginning!in!late!April,!the!children’s! SXSW)Film)Review:)Land)ill&Harmonic orchestra!from!Cateura,!Paraguay,!will!tour!through! Ontario,!Manitoba,!Saskatchewan!and!BriCsh! Trash$transforms$to$sweet$music$ Columbia.! March!20,!2015,!by!Kate!X!Messner The!group!was!virtually!unknown!unCl!early! Like!recycled!garbage!used!to!create! 2013,!when!a!documentary!film!crew!made!two! symphonicfquality!musical!instruments,!Brad! documentaryfteasers!about!them.!The!videos!went! Allgood!and!Graham!Townsley’s!Landfill$Harmonic!is! viral!and!they!became!an!overnight!sensaCon.! a!secret!treasure.!What!seems!a!competent! “We!visited!the!community!about!a!year!ago! document!about!survival!amidst!environmental! and!started!talks!with!them!to!see!what!their!needs! devastaCon!is!actually!a!story!of!the!dull!throb!of! were,”!says!Mike!Duerksen,!director!of!operaCons! existence!gleefully!recalibrated!by!the!thundering! at!Global!Family!FoundaCon.!“The!community!is!a! heartbeat!of!music.! slum,!built!on!top!of!the!capital!city’s!landfill.!It!is! considered!one!of!the!poorest!places!in!South!

32 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

America.!People!living!there!carve!out!an!existence! Andrew!Klassen,!MBCI’s!music!teacher,!says!his! by!picking!through!the!garbage!looking!for!sellable! students!are!ecstaCc!about!the!opportunity.! or!recyclable!goods.”! “It!will!be!an!eye!opener!and!a!very!humbling! Duerksen!says!Favio!Chavez,!a!local! experience,!I!think.!None!of!us!have!had!an! environmental!technician,!was!teaching!community! experience!like!this!before,!so!we!are!very!much! children!to!play!music!on!his!own!instruments.!One! looking!forward!to!it.!For!some!students!this!will!be! of!the!scavenger!fathers!tried!to!build!an! the!highlight!of!their!whole!year.”! instrument!for!his!daughter!from!scrap,!and!with! h_p://www.chrisCanweek.org/soundflivesftransformed/ some!help!from!Chavez,!it!turned!out!very!well.! They!kept!building!and!the!orchestra!was!born.! About&the&issue& LandOill)hazards The!two!main!environmental!problems!we!face!as!a! result!of!landfills!are: 1.!Air!polluCon—emissions!into!atmosphere 2.!Ground!Water!polluCon—emissions!into!water Air$PolluKon—Emissions$into$Atmosphere$$ Landfills!create!a!clear!and!obvious!threat!to! human!health!as!well!as!a!threat!to!our! environment!from!the!hazardous!contaminated!air! 2,500$families$live$around$the$Caetura$landfill$ emissions!emi_ed!from!the!landfill!biodegradaCon.! There!are!over!ten!toxic!gases!released!from! “The!idea!behind!this!li_le!school!of!music!was! landfills,!of!the!most!serious!of!which!is!methane.! to!give!children!an!alternaCve!to![joining!gangs]!on! Methane!gas!is!naturally!produced!during!the! the!streets,”!Duerksen!explains.!“[The!documentary! process!of!decay!of!organic!ma_er.!As!methane!gas! videos]!put!the!spotlight!on!their!talents!and!the! is!formed,!it!builds!up!pressure!and!then!begins!to! orchestra!has!become!something!they!are!very! move!through!the!soil.!In!a!recent!study!of!288! proud!of.!They!are!showing!the!world!they!have! landfills,!offfsite!migraCon!of!gases,!including! something!beauCful!to!offer.”! methane,!has!been!detected!at!83%!of!these!landfill! The!instruments!are!recycled!scrap:!drain!pipes! sites.!Methane!is!a!more!potent!greenhouse!gas! become!trumpets!and!saxophones,!using!bo_le! than!carbon!dioxide.! caps!for!keys;!oil!drums!are!hammered!into!cellos;! Studies!have!shown!significantly!reduced!height! dessert!Cns!become!guitars.! among!children!who!live!near!Love!Canal,!the! “We!are!bringing!them!to!Canada!for!an! chemical!waste!dump!near!Niagara!Falls,!NY.!It!has! educaConal!and!fundraising!tour,”!says!Duerksen.! also!been!shown!that!people!living!close!to!landfills! “We!are!raising!funds!to!build!a!community! suffer!from!lung!and!heart!diseases!from!the!toxic! educaCon!center!in!Cateura.!InvesCng!in!educaCon! gasses!that!are!released!from!the!landfill! leads!to!more!selffsufficient!families,!economic! degradaCon.! growth!and!helps!children!break!the!inherited!cycle! Love!Canal!Followfup!Health!Study! of!generaConal!poverty.”! Ground$Water$PolluKon—Emissions$into$Water Several!groups!will!share!performances!with!the! Recycled!Orchestra,!including!The!Weeds! The!key!environmental!problem!we!face!as!a! (Waterloo,!Ontario),!Calvin!Dick!(Vancouver,!BC)!and! result!of!landfills!is!groundwater!polluCon!from! the!Abbotsford!Youth!Orchestra!(Abbostsford,!BC).! leachates!(the!liquid!that!drains!or!'leaches'!from!a! In!Winnipeg,!the!orchestra!will!play!with!the! landfill).!Although!they!intended!to!protect!human! Mennonite!Brethren!Collegiate!InsCtute!(MBCI)! beings!from!toxins,!due!to!natural!deterioraCon!the! concert!band.! protecCve!barriers!only!delay!the!inevitable.!When!

33 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! a!new!municipal!landfill!is!proposed,!advocates!of! American!rate!of!consumpCon!is!far!greater!than! the!project!always!emphasize!that!“no!hazardous! any!other!developed!or!developing!country!today.! wastes!will!enter!the!landfill”.!However!several! The!amount!of!waste!collected!in!an!average! studies!have!shown!that!even!though!municipal! American!house!hold!is!far!greater!than!that!of!any! landfills!may!not!legally!receive!“hazardous”!wastes,! developed!or!developing!country!in!the!world! the!leachate!they!produce!is!as!dangerous!as! today.! leachate!from!hazardous!waste!landfills. h_p://www.wegreenfusa.org/landfillfproblems.html Flooding)of)municipal)solid)waste) landOills) Encyclopedia$of$the$Earth,!August!31,!2012 By!David!Laner! Flooding!of!municipal!solid!waste!landfills!is!an! environmental!risk!for!the!long!term!worldwide.! Municipal!solid!waste!(MSW)!landfills!pose!a! number!of!other!environmental!risks!including! leaching!of!pollutants!into!the!groundwater!and! methane!generaCon!to!the!atmosphere.! The!major!issue!caused!with!landfill!leachates!is! The!emissions!occurring!under!average! the!leakage!of!a!large!number!of!toxins!into!fresh! condiCons!in!a!landfill!were!subject!to!numerous! water!waterways,!which!ulCmately!end!up!in!our! research!studies!within!the!last!decades!and!are! homes!as!drinking!water!or!water!for!everyday!use.! therefore!well!documented.!In!contrast,!landfill! Since!landfills!are!most!oien!located!in!and!around! behavior!and!associated!emissions!in!extreme!cases! large!bodies!of!fresh!water!or!in!swamps,!the! such!as!flooding!are!widely!unknown.!However,!a! polluCon!oien!goes!undetected.!The!compounds! review!of!exisCng!reports!about!environmental! submerge!to!the!ground,!to!the!ground!water,!and! damages!caused!by!landfills!during!floods!indicates,! inevitably!to!our!dinner!tables.!The!polluCon!is!also! that!the!released!substances!might!be!of! severely!harmful!to!animal!and!plant!life.! environmental!concern.!Hence,!within!this!arCcle! Groundwater!contaminaCon!may!result!from! the!proporCon!of!MSW!landfills!endangered!by! leakage!of!very!small!amounts!of!leachate.!TCE!is!a! flooding!is!determined!and!their!potenCal! carcinogen!typically!found!in!landfill!leachate.!It! environmental!significance!is!evaluated.!Although! would!take!less!than!4!drops!of!TCE!mixed!with!the! the!work!presented!in!this!arCcle!is!largely!based!on! water!in!an!average!swimming!pool!(20,000!gallons)! Austrian!condiCons,!the!methodological!aspects!of! to!render!the!water!undrinkable.!Some!surveys! the!study!might!as!well!apply!to!other!regions.!…! conducted!have!shown!that!82%!of!the!landfills! Release$of$pollutants$and$environmental$impact$ have!leaks!and!up!to!41%!of!the!landfills!had!a!leak! area!of!more!than!one!square!foot.!EPA!sponsored! The!esCmates!on!potenCal!substance!releases! research!shows!that!burying!household!garbage!in! during!a!flood!event!are!based!on!scenario! the!ground!poisoned!the!ground!water.!The!EPA!has! evaluaCons.!There!is!limited!informaCon!available! stressed!that,!even!with!the!double!liner!landfills,! on!flooded!MSW!landfills.!The!scenario!of!complete! the!probability!of!leaking!is!very!high.! landfill!erosion!is!defined!as!a!worst!case,!and!the! fracCon!of!soluble!substances!in!the!waste!is! Causes$and$Concerns$of$Landfill$Increases$$ esCmated!based!on!leaching!experiments!carried! As!the!number!of!landfills!increase!the! out!with!grounded!waste!samples!excavated!from!a! likelihood!of!leaks!increases!fiveffold.!The!increase! landfill!(cf.!Belevi!and!Baccini,!1989).!It!should!be! in!trash!is!due!to!populaCon!growth!and! emphasized!that!the!resulCng!emission!loads!or! consumerism.!United!States!populaCon!growth!is! pollutant!releases!(total!as!well!as!potenCally! equivalent!or!marginally!lower!than!most!middle!to! soluble)!should!be!seen!as!potenCal!rather!than! lowfmiddle!income!developing!countries!but!the! actual!releases.

34 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! According!to!the!scenario!analysis,!and! LandOills—worker)hazards) compared!to!average!landfill!condiCons,!emissions! during!a!flood!event!might!increase!by!up!to!six! Regardless!of!the!number!of!individuals! orders!of!magnitude.!For!an!average!Austrian!MSW! required!to!operate!a!landfill,!many!potenCal! landfill!the!subsequent!total!emission!loads!range! hazards!exist.! from!a!few!tons!to!several!thousands!of!tons,!with! The!size!of!landfill!sites!vary,!therefore!the! potenCally!dissolved!substance!loads!being!in!the! number!of!employees!required!to!operate!solid! range!of!a!few!kilograms!to!a!few!hundred!tons).! waste!landfill!sites!vary!greatly.!Smaller!sites!may! By!esCmaCng!potenCal!emission!levels!it!is!not! employ!only!one!partfCme!operator.!Job!details!on! possible!to!evaluate!the!environmental!relevance!of! larger!sites!may!range!from!check!staCon! flooded!MSW!landfills.!It!is!necessary!to!analyze!the! a_endant(s)!who!are!responsible!for!receiving!and! environmental!impacts!of!the!released!pollutants! recording!the!waste;!a!stopper!who!is!responsible! depending!on!the!diluCon!potenCal!during!the! for!supervising!the!unloading!of!waste;!and!an! flood,!the!availability!of!these!pollutants!(i.e.,! equipment!operator(s)!who!is!responsible!for! solutes,!parCcles),!and!the!vulnerability!of!the! spreading!and!compacCng!waste. affected!environment!(e.g.!subjects!of!protecCon).! As!these!factors!are!dependent!on!the! characterisCcs!of!the!individual!landfill!and!the! flood!event,!the!potenCal!polluCon!of!a!river!system! as!a!consequence!of!flooding!a!MSW!landfill!has!to! be!discussed!case!by!case.!! Hence,!three!sites,!categorized!as!endangered! during!the!preliminary!assessment,!were!chosen!for! a!detailed!analysis!of!flood!risk!exposure!on!the!one! hand!and!the!potenCal!environmental!impacts!of! substance!releases!during!a!flood!event!on!the! other!hand.!Out!of!the!three!sites,!two!were! located!in!the!inundaCon!area!of!flood!discharges! Knowledge!of!potenCal!hazards!is!essenCal!in! below!a!100fyear!recurrence!interval.!For!one!of! order!to!miCgate!health!risks!for!these!workers! these!two!sites!the!danger!of!erosion!during! through!appropriate!health!and!safety!measures. flooding!was!esCmated!high!(high!water!velocity,! large!water!volume,!nonfengineered!site!and! • The!decomposiCon!of!municipal!waste!produces! therefore!reduced!geotechnical!stability),! methane!gas!and!carbon!dioxide.! nevertheless!the!potenCal!damages!downstream!of! • Fires!and!explosions!are!a!potenCal!danger!at! the!site!due!to!the!increased!substance! landfill!sites!as!methane!gas!is!highly!combusCble.! concentraCons!in!the!river!water!are!supposed!to! be!on!a!similar!or!lower!level!than!the!polluCon!due! • Emergency!workers!such!as!firefighters,!police! to!releases!from!waste!water!treatment!plants!or! and!members!of!special!disposal!squads!are!at! industrial!areas!along!the!river.!The!case!studies! risk!for!potenCal!exposures!due!to!unexpected! indicate!that!flooded!MSW!landfills!represent!in! spills,!explosions!and!fires!during!emergency! general!one!amongst!many!potenCal!pollutant! response.! sources!adjacent!to!a!river.!However,!it!should!be! • Nitrogen,!ammonia,!hydrogen!sulfide,!hydrogen,! noted!that!many!uncertainCes!exist!with!respect!to! and!volaCle!organic!substances!are!usually! flooded!MSW!landfills,!especially!the!longfterm! present!at!sanitary!landfills.! behavior!of!an!iniCally!saturated!(during!the!flood)! waste!body!might!of!special!interest!from!the! • Landfill!workers!are!also!potenCally!exposed!to! perspecCve!of!landfill!aiercare.! high!levels!of!dusts!containing!microorganisms! spread!during!dumping!or!moving!of!waste,!or! h_p://www.eoearth.org/view/arCcle/152792/ when!debris!is!blown!by!the!wind!or!equipment.!

35 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

• Coliforms!and!fecal!streptococci!may!be!found!in! Additional)resources) the!air!at!landfill!sites!in!concentraCons!equal!to! that!of!sewage!treatment!plants.! Important!Things!to!Know!about!Landfill!Gas!f! landfill_gas.pdf!! • Fungi,!including!Aspergillus,!Penicillium,! Cladosporium!and!yeasts,!have!been!idenCfied!in! Health!Effects!of!Living!Near!Landfill!Sites.pdf!! the!air!samples.! Flooding!of!municipal!solid!waste!landfills! • The!drivers!who!dump!the!waste!at!the!landfill! Paraguay!declares!state!of!emergency!amid!severe! sites!are!at!risk!due!to!hazardous!roads!resulCng! flooding! in!overturned!vehicles.!! Activities& Reported$Exposure Reported$Health$Effects Find!out!where!your!trash!goes!aier!it’s!picked!up! Overturned!vehicles,!crushed! at!your!home.!If!you!have!two!or!three!bins—say,! Dangerous!roads drivers,!broken!bones,!death for!trash,!recycling,!and!compost—note!where!each! Bad!visibility!in! Pedestrian!accidents,broken! facility!is!and!answer!the!quesCons!for!each!type!of! trucks bones,!death refuse.!

Methane Explosions,!fires,!burns 1.!What!happens!to!the!waste!when!it!arrives!at! each!facility?!Track!the!process!from!arrival!through! Spinal!injuries,!degeneraCon!of! OperaCon!of! vertebrae,!lower!back!pain, the!materials’!final!disposiCon!onsite.! equipment musculoskeletal!disorders 2.!If!waste!materials!are!taken!offsite!to!another! Dust Cough,!chronic!bronchiCs facility,!where!is!that!and!what!happens!there?! 3.!Is!each!facility!considered!to!be!environmentally! Bacteria Cough,!chronic!bronchiCs conscienCous?!Why!or!why!not? Lower!respiratory!tract! Bioaerosols infecCon,!gastrointesCnal! symptoms

High!noise!levels Auditory!impairment

Solid!Waste!Management!Health!and!Safety!Risks:!Epidemiology!and! Assessment!to!Support!Risk!ReducCon,!March!2000—Florida!Center!for! Solid!and!Hazardous!Waste!Management!University!of!Florida.!

36 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Just)Eat)It:)A)food)waste) story) Jenny$Rustemeyer,!Peg$Leg$Films$ Jen!is!a!writer,! producer,!and! grassroots! community!builder.! She!produced!and! was!the!subject!of! the!2010!film!The$ Clean$Bin$Project,$ which!won!1o! fesCval!awards.!She! has!organized! hundreds!of!public! events!and!film!screenings,!built!an!ecofmined! About&the&)ilm online!community!of!thousands!using!social!media,! managed!a!30fcity!film!tour!across!Canada!by! 75!mins.! bicycle,!and!spoken!globally!on!sustainability!issues.! Director!Grant$Baldwin Just$Eat$It$is!her!second!feature!documentary.! Producer!Jenny$Rustemeyer Synopsis Screenwriters,!Cinematographers!Grant$Baldwin,$ Jenny$Rustemeyer Upon!learning!that!up!to!40%!of!the!food!that!is! Editor!Grant$Baldwin$ produced!globally!ulCmately!gets!discarded,!couple! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3597400/ documentarians!Grant!Baldwin!and!Jenny! Rustemeyer!decide!to!embark!on!a!sixfmonth! Grant$Baldwin,!Peg!Leg!Films! experiment!of!eaCng!only!food!that!is!discarded!or! Grant!started!his! will!imminently!be!discarded,!with!their!even!being! career!composing! willing!to!purchase!it.!(The!one!excepCon!will!be! music!for!film!and! meals!to!which!they!have!been!invited!by!family!or! television,! friends.)!As!the!six!months!progress,!they!are! creaCng!the!score! surprised!to!learn!how!easy!it!becomes!to!find! for!a!number!of! perfectly!good!food!(especially!once!they!know! producCons,!and! where!to!find!it)!but!how!difficult!it!is!to!get!the! securing! food!when!they!ask!for!it.!They!also!find!that!they! placements!in! have!to!reassess!their!views!about!eaCng! producCons!such! preplanned!meals!or!eaCng!what!they!may!be! as!Damages,! craving!to!eaCng!what!is!available.!In!addiCon!to! Limitless,!and! their!experiment,!interviews!with!food!acCvists! Sacred$Planet$ provide!perspecCves!on!the!unnecessary!reasons! IMAX.!Aier!working!closely!with!filmmakers,! for!the!food!waste,!which!are!largely!aestheCc!and! moving!from!music!to!being!behind!the!camera!was! economic,!misconcepCons!by!the!public!especially! a!natural!progression.!He!shot,!directed,!edited,!and! concerning!“best!before”!dates!and!by!companies! scored!the!feature!documentary!The$Clean$Bin$ as!to!the!donaCon!of!what!they!believe!to!be! Project$in!2010.!He!currently!works!as!a! perfectly!good!food,!and!the!unforeseen!issues!of! cinematographer,!editor,!and!director!on!various! most!of!that!discarded!food’s!going!to!landfills.! commercial!and!independent!projects,!and!Just$Eat$ h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3597400/plotsummary? It$is!his!second!feature!documentary.! ref_=__ov_pl

37 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! ‘Just)Eat)It’:)Documentary)Explores) Jen:!This!was!totally!Grant’s!idea.!We!like!to!show! Food)Waste)From)Farm)to)Fridge) the!regular!person’s!side!of!the!story.!We!thought!if! there’s!40!percent!of!food!being!wasted,!we!should! Sustainable$America,!April!3,!2014 be!able!to!find!some!of!it!and!eat!it.!There’s! What!happens!when!two!filmmakers!challenge! definitely!a!sCgma!around!that.!We!both!have!day! themselves!to!survive!for!six!months!only!on! jobs,!and!I!was!pre_y!worried!that!my!boss!was! discarded!food?!You!get!Just$Eat$It,!a!new! going!to!find!out!that!I!was!dumpster!diving.!But!if! documentary!that!explores!the!food!waste!issue! we!hadn’t!set!the!rule!that!we!had!to!eat! from!the!farm!all!the!way!to!a!Vancouver!fridge.! exclusively!rescued!food,!then!I!don’t!think!we! would!have!found!as!much!waste!out!there.! DebuCng!at!fesCvals!in!late!April,!the!film! follows!Jen!Rustemeyer!and!Grant!Baldwin’s!food! waste!experiment!and!features!interviews!with! experts!like!authors!Tristram!Stuart!and!Jonathan! Bloom,!and!Dana!Gunders,!project!scienCst!with!the! Natural!Resources!Defense!Council.!What!they!find! is!both!shocking!and!hopeful.! This!is!Vancouverfbased!couple’s!second!foray! into!wastefbased!projects.!For!their!first!film,!The$ Clean$Bin$Project,!they!competed!with!each!other! to!see!who!could!produce!the!least!amount!of! garbage.!We!caught!up!with!the!filmmakers!to!learn! more!about!Just!Eat!It.!! Disposable$hummus Sustainable$America:$You$had$already$tackled$ SA:$How$did$you$find$the$food? waste$in$your$first$film.$What$moKvated$you$to$ Grant:!It!started!pre_y!bad.!We!didn’t!really!know! look$deeper$into$food$waste? where!to!look.!We!went!cold!turkey;!just!quit! Jenny$Rustemeyer:!We!were!doing!some!school! grocery!shopping,!basically.!We!found!most!places! presentaCons,!and!we!ended!up!doing!a!waste! lock!up!their!waste.!We!would!also!try!to!purchase! audit!at!one!school!where!you!dump!out!a!garbage! the!food!where!we!could!from!the!grocery!store! can!and!look!at!all!the!different!categories!of! that!had!already!pulled!it!off!the!shelf,!but!that!only! recycling!and!things!that!shouldn’t!have!been!in!the! worked!a!couple!Cmes!during!the!whole!project.! garbage.!We!saw!things!like!granola!bars!and! Most!places!wouldn’t!sell!it!to!us.! pudding!cups,!and!that!was!really!the!first!Cme!we! At!farmer’s!markets,!we!were!successful!in! realized!that!edible!food!was!going!in!the!garbage.! purchasing!the!ugly!stuff!lei!over!that!people! That!sparked!the!iniCal!thought!that!we!should!look! wouldn’t!buy!for!cosmeCc!reasons.!We’d!find!the! into!food!waste!a!li_le!bit!more.! majority!of!the!food!at!wholesalers.!Some!grocery! Grant$Baldwin:!What!we!were!trying!to!do!at!that! stores!had!bins!that!were!open.!A!couple!stores! school!is!say,!“Let’s!find!out!what!can!be! actually!had!a!discount!shelf!of!pastfdate!food,!and! composted.”!But!what!we!found!is!that!this!food! we!were!able!to!buy!that.! hadn’t!even!got!to!the!stage!of!being!postf Jen:!Or!we’d!shop!off!the!cull!cart!in!the!produce! consumer.!It!was!sCll!ready!to!eat,!sCll!packaged.! secCon.!They!go!through!the!produce!secCon!and! We!started!researching,!and!waste!seemed!to!be! pick!out!the!ones!that!are!damaged!and!put!them! the!next!food!topic.!I!feel!like!we’ve!had!this! on!the!cart!to!take!them!into!the!back.!I!would!just! conversaCon!about!organic!food!for!so!long,!but!if! follow!that!guy!around!and!take!what!he!was!taking! the!food’s!not!even!eaten,!then!what’s!the!point!of! right!off!the!cart.! growing!it!sustainably?! SA:$So$you$were$sKll$spending$some$money$on$ SA:$Why$did$you$challenge$yourselves$to$live$off$ food?$You$were$just$trying$to$intercept$the$food$ discarded$food? that$wasn’t$going$to$be$sold?

38 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Grant:!There’s!a!term!called!freegan!that!really! example.!The!stuff!you!would!store.!So!there’s! bothers!us!because!“free”!is!in!the!word,!meaning! definitely!a!disconnect!happening!between!surplus! you’re!trying!to!live!for!free.!And!that!really!wasn’t! or!stuff!near!date!and!places!that!want!the!food.! the!point!of!this!project.!We!didn’t!want!to!be! We!know!of!many!places!in!our!town!that!would’ve! associated!with!that,!and!also!we!felt!like!the!food! taken!it,!but!there’s!just!no!one!there!to!pick!it!up! is!sCll!good,!that’s!the!point.!Why!can’t!we!buy!it?! or!make!that!connecCon.! Though!we!tried!to!buy!the!food,!we!were!pre_y! SA:$Did$you$ever$go$hungry? much!shut!down!most!of!the!Cme!so!we!only!spent! $200!on!groceries!in!six!months,!and!we!brought! Grant:!No,!I!gained!about!10!pounds.!The!food!was! home!$20,000!worth.! more!packaged!and!processed,!so!there!was!a!lot!of! eaCng!foods!like!that.! Jen:!We!had!friends!coming!over!grocery!shopping! at!our!house.! SA:$What$were$some$of$the$more$surprising$or$ shocking$things$you$learned$about$food$waste? Grant:!For!me,!the!biggest!shock!was!the!whole! Cme!I!just!wanted!to!point!the!finger!at!industry! and!say!look!at!how!bad!you!guys!are,!but!really!a! lot!of!it!is!consumerfdriven—whether!it’s!at!the! grocery!store!where!we!decide!not!to!buy!stuff! because!it!doesn’t!look!right,!or!when!we!actually! Aker$just$a$couple$months$of$dumpster$diving,$Jen$and$Grant’s$ purchase!the!food!and!we!don’t!eat!it!in!our!house.! fridge$and$pantry$were$so$full$that$they$had$nowhere$ to$store$groceries.$$ So!we!do!spend!a!fair!amount!of!the!film!looking!at! what!we’re!doing!in!our!homes!because!half!of!the! SA:$What$were$some$of$the$more$egregious$ food!wasted!is!wasted!by!us!in!our!houses!and!at! examples$of$food$waste$that$you$found? restaurants.!I!didn’t!realize!it!was!such!a!high!part!of! Jen:!The!further!we!looked!up!the!supply!stream,! it.!So!we!turned!the!camera!on!ourselves!in!that! the!further!the!quanCCes.!We!started!looking!at! sense!and!said,!OK,!this!is!the!easiest!fix,!what!can! wholesalers,!and!the!scale!of!food!waste!there!is! we!do!in!our!house?! pre_y!shocking.!Just!because!it’s!all!in!one!spot.!For! SA:$What$areas$do$you$think$have$the$biggest$ example,!one!day!we!found!$13,000!worth!of! potenKal$to$make$an$impact$on$this$problem? organic!chocolate!bars.!Hundreds!and!hundreds!of! chocolate!bars.!Just!boxes!and!boxes.!We!took!as! Jen:!First!of!all,!we!always!try!to!remember!that! many!as!we!could!to!save!them.!The!reason!that!we! businesses!and!corporaCons!and!farmers,!they!sCll! think!they!were!thrown!out!is!that!here!in!Canada! are!individuals,!they!are!people.!So!if!someone!gets! you!have!to!have!everything!labeled!in!French!and! engaged!in!their!own!home!about!food!waste,!they! English,!and!there!was!no!French!wriCng!on!these! might!take!that!to!their!work!as!well.!I!think!one!of! packages.!They!weren’t!past!date!or!anything!like! the!key!areas!that!could!help!a!lot!is!around!date! that.!So!we!ate!chocolate!daily!for!a!year.! labeling.!People!are!throwing!out!food!because!it’s! close!to!the!date!or!it’s!just!past!the!date,!and! Grant:!The!next!day!we!found!pallets!of!pickled! they’re!not!sure!what!the!date!really!means.!We!did! herring.!Our!diet!wasn’t!that!great!in!terms!of! a!lot!of!research!around!that!and!realized!that!the! variety.!SomeCmes!things!didn’t!really!go!well! dates!are!really!there!for!peak!freshness!and!not!for! together,!like!chocolate!bars!and!pickled!herring,! safety.!It’s!generally!completely!fine!to!eat!things! but!this!is!the!kind!of!stuff!that’s!gevng!thrown! past!the!date,!and!we!need!to!use!our!senses!a!li_le! out.!We!are!talking!about!something!that’s!been! bit!more.! preserved!in!a!jar,!and!it’s!thrown!out,!or!canned! foods!or!cans!of!soda.!Stuff!like!this!that!you!would! SA:$What$is$your$No.$1$Kp$for$reducing$food$waste$ expect!to!find!in!an!earthquake!shelter,!for! at$home?

39 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Grant:!I!made!an!“eat!me!first”!bin!in!the!fridge.! Shortly!aier!signing!my!contract!as!a!store! Then!I!put!stuff!in!there!like!a!half!an!onion!or! assistant!for!a!wellfknown!lowfcost!German! tomato!or!a!bit!of!celery.!Anything!that!is!going!to! supermarket!company,!I!came!across!a!nasty!reality! go!bad!soon,!I!put!in!that!bin,!and!then!when!I!open! that!seemed!not!to!bother!the!rest!of!my! the!fridge!I!look!at!it!and!think,!Oh,!what!can!I!make! colleagues.! out!of!these!items!that!are!on!their!way!out?!I!think! Every!day,!at!a!sleepy!four!o'clock!in!the! we!save!quite!a!bit!of!food!that!way.!We’re!not! morning,!a!random!employee!has!to!do!the!“waste! perfect.!We!sCll!have!some!food!waste!for!sure.!We! inventory.”! do!compost!anything!that!we!don’t!get!to,!but!I! think!that!bin!has!saved!a!lot.!And!it’s!a!really! This!consists!of!scanning!all!the!products!that! simple!way!to!curb!the!fridge!waste.! can’t!be!sold!anymore,!one!by!one,!and!then! throwing!them!out!into!a!blue!container.! SA:$What$do$you$want$viewers$to$come$away$with$ from$this$film? The!resulCng!mountain!of!food!is!impressive— around!seventy!bakery!items,!a!hundred!pieces!of! Grant:!Just!revalue!food!and!have!fun!with!what’s!in! fruit,!and!fiieen!trays!of!meat.!Over!two!hundred! your!house.!When!we!started,!we!realized!how! food!items!start!the!morning!at!the!bo_om!of!the! much!food!we!sCll!had!in!our!pantry!and!freezer,! garbage!container,!every!single!day.! and!it!became!kind!of!fun!just!making!meals!off!of! what!we!already!had.!Aier!watching!this!film,!I! But!that’s!not!the!most!surprising!thing.!The! hope!that!people,!when!they!eat!out,!will!watch! real!scandal!is!that!very!few!of!these!items!need!to! that!porCon!or!bring!the!leiovers!home!and!get! be!thrown!away!at!all.! past!the!sCgma!of!that.! Of!course,!the!expiry!dates!of!food!have!to! Jen:!I!hope!that!they!come!away!entertained!too.! scrupulously!obeyed,!but!most!of!the!reasons!for! It’s!a!documentary!about!a!serious!issue,!but!it’s! throwing!things!away!have!nothing!to!do!with! actually!a!pre_y!fun!documentary.!The!porCons! protecCng!our!health.!Instead,!we!get!rid!of!items! with!Grant!and!myself!are!definitely!comic!relief!to! just!because!they’ve!lost!their!label,!or!because!the! the!seriousness!of!the!issue.! package!is!broken,!or!because!they've!been!lei! outside!the!fridge.! h_p://ecowatch.com/2014/04/03/justfeatfitfdocumentaryf foodfwaste/! In!the!frenzy!of!a!regular!workday,!employees! AddiConal!resources:! don’t!have!Cme!to!scruCnize!every!corner!of!the! store,!searching!for!items!that!a!neglecäul! If!Food!Waste!Were!a!Country,!It!Would!Rank!No.!3! customer!has!lei!out!of!place!on!a!shelf,!or!that! for!Greenhouse!Gas!Emissions they!themselves!may!have!forgo_en!somewhere.! How!One!NFL!Team!Will!Turn!Food!Waste!Into! Almost$a$third$of$the$world’s$food$goes$to$waste Renewable!Energy As!a!rough!calculaCon,!I’d!say!that!food!that’s! From)shelf)to)dumpster*:)food)waste) unfit!for!consumpCon!accounts!for!less!than!half!of! and)the)culture)of)rush) what!is!thrown!away.!While!doing!the!waste! inventory!I!can!see!it,!but!the!“waste”!is!valued!at! Ecologist,!January!20,!2016 only!£300!or!so—less!than!1%!of!the!store’s!daily! By!Diana!Moreno! income.! A$third$of$all$food$that's$produced$in$the$world$is$ What!happens!to!it?!I!ask!the!delivery!guy! thrown$away.$What's$going$on?$Diana$Moreno$finds$ where!he!takes!the!food.!“To!the!incinerator,”!he! some$answers$in$her$own$experience$working$in$a$ replies.!“Why,!are!you!hungry?”! German$supermarket.$Leading$the$list$is$the$mindn numbing$“culture$of$rush”$that$permeates$highn If!you're!able!to!imagine!one!ton!of!food!and! volume,$lownmargin$retailing,$and$which$subjects$ then!mulCply!it!by!a!hundred!million!you!get!the! workers$and$customers$alike$to$the$soulless$logic$of$ exorbitant!amount!that’s!wasted!in!Europe!every! the$produc;on$line.$ year,!according!to!a!report!from!the!European! Parliament.!At!the!global!level,!the!Food!and! 40 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Agriculture!OrganizaCon!of!the!United!NaCons! disturbing!to!interact!with!500!different!people! calculates!that!this!comes!to!1.3!billion!tons!per! during!six!hours!without!ever!having!a!conversaCon.! annum,!or!a!third!of!all!food!that’s!produced.!I!can! Rushing!also!means!that!things!get!dropped.! see!a!Cny!part!of!this!nonsense,!day!by!day,!in!my! Glasses!are!broken,!yogurt!is!sca_ered,!or!an!egg! shop.! from!the!box!is!broken!when!you’re!trying!to!stack! it!up!in!the!crammer!stand.!So!that!means!throwing! the!whole!carton!away.!And!when!the!day!is!close! to!an!end,!Credness!sinks!in.!The!more!Cred!we!are,! the!less!we!care.! Internalizing!this!culture!of!rush!makes! everybody!feel!annoyed!when!something!doesn’t! work—for!example!when!items!pile!up,!plasCc!bags! are!difficult!to!open,!or!barcodes!won’t!scan.!Or! when!the!cashier!forgets!a!code!or!the!customer! takes!too!much!Cme!packing!everything!into!their! bags,!exasperaCng!the!rest!of!the!queue.! Almost!without!noCcing,!I’ve!adopted!a!way!of! serving!that![pressures!customers!to!leave!quickly].! Checkout$line$in$Washington,$DC,$supermarket$ When!did!I!and!my!colleagues!start!behaving!this! What’s!going!on?!At!the!heart!of!the!problem!is! way?!None!of!us!knows.! a!basic!lack!of!care,!brought!on!by!a!culture!of! Some!menCon!the!“pressure”!of!the!long! rushing,!speed,!and!busynessflots!of!people,! queue,!or!the!customers’!comments!that!encourage! scanner!sounds,!the!noise!of!coins!and!trolleys— you!to!be!quicker.!Or!the!manager’s!instrucCons! everything!in!a!hurry.!In!shops!like!mine,!everything! that!force!you!to!speed!up!if!there’s!a!long!line!or!to! is!meant!to!be!this!way.!The!Clls!are!designed!for! close!the!Cll!and!do!something!else!if!it’s!not!busy,! customers!to!be!there!for!as!li_le!Cme!as!possible! in!order!to!avoid!a!single!minute!of!inacCvity.! so!that!more!people!can!be!processed!in!the!same! Bosses!also!encourage!us!to!speed!up!by!giving!a! number!of!minutes.! prize!to!the!fastest!cashier!every!month.! In!some!ways!the!Cll!is!the!perfect!symbol!of! As!an!experiment,!I!reduce!my!speed!and!soon! modern!slavery:!immersion!in!this!small!metal!cage! I’m!pressured!to!scan!faster!in!order!to!“hit!the! implies!an!average!of!six!hours!a!day!sivng!and! store’s!target.”!By!the!end!of!the!shii,!rushing!has! doing!mechanical!and!monotonous!scanningfandf burrowed!its!way!deep!into!my!bones.! packing!work!with!one!30fminute!break.!GreeCngs! and!goodbyes!are!idenCcal,!mechanical,! There$must$be$another$way pronounced!a!hundred!Cmes!per!day:!the!same! Do!things!have!to!be!this!way?!Isn’t!there!an! jokes,!the!same!comments.! alternaCve?!I!want!to!believe!that!there!is.! Customers!can!pay!with!a!new!system!called! Barely!two!hundred!meters!along!the!street! “contactless!payment”!that!works!by!simply! from!where!I!work!is!another!smaller!shop!called! touching!a!credit!card!to!the!machine.!“They!do! hiSbe.!It!calls!itself!an!“ethical!supermarket,! that!so!we!can!spend!quickly!...!and!more,”!an! independent!and!communityfrun,”!and!it!has!the! elderly!customer!says!to!me!wisely.!No!Cme!for! aura!of!something!more!organic!and! conversaCons.! environmentally!friendly.!I!go!inside!to!take!a!look.! Internalizing$the$culture$of$rush The!shop!looks!less!busy!and!less!crowded!with! I!serve!20!people!every!ten!minutes.!That! people!and!items.!There!are!four!employees!with! means!60!every!half!an!hour,!120!per!hour,!and! smiles!that!don’t!look!forced.!Prices!and!quality!are! around!500!during!a!standard!shiifgiving!each! not!reduced!as!much!as!on!the!crowded!lowfcost! customer!30!seconds!to!chat.!It!feels!kind!of! shelves!that!I’m!used!to!stacking.!Its!claim!to!put!

41 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

“workers!and!suppliers!before!benefits”!may!not!be! mountain!of!edible!food!that's!thrown!into!a!bin!is! a!pose!aier!all.! not!considered!a!failure—it’s!simply!one!of!the! many!consequences!of!doing!business!as!usual.!To! One!of!hiSbe's!commitments!is!“refusing!to! reverse!that!process,!we!all!have!to!put!our! throw!away!any!food!that!can!be!eaten.”!How!do! shopping!into!quesCon.! they!accomplish!that!I!wonder?!Here's!what!I!find! out:! *!The!arCcle’s!original!term!“skip”!has!been!replaced! with!“dumpster”!for!an!American!audience.! • they!reduce!the!price!of!any!surplus!goods!before! the!delivery!of!new!stock;! h_p://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/Blogs/ 2986935/ • they!minimize!packaging!and!sell!stuff!by!weight;! from_shelf_to_skip_food_waste_and_the_culture_of_rush.ht ml! • they!give!items!away!for!free!like!eggs!which!are! about!to!expire;! Group&activities& • and!they!don’t!discriminate!against!“ugly! Take$this$quiz$on$your$own$or$with$a$group,$but$ vegetables”!that!aren’t!the!standard!size!and!look.! don’t$share$answers$while$taking$the$quiz.$ Are$you$a$Waster?$Take$the$Quiz!$ (You!can!take!the!quiz!online!at:!h_p:// www.foodwastemovie.com/quizfjs/)! Did!you!eat!leiovers!in!the!last!two!weeks?! !!!!Yes! !!!!No! Would!you!buy!a!banana!with!brown!spots?! !!!!Yes! !!!!No! !!!!Maybe! Above!all,!things!are!done!well!and!carefully! You!can’t!finish!a!meal!at!a!restaurant.!What!do!you! and!without!rushing.!It’s!a!small!shop!without!too! do?! many!customers,!so!there’s!more!Cme!for!chavng.! Less!rushing!means!that!things!aren’t!dropped!or! !!!!Leave!it!on!the!plate! broken!so!frequently!or!forgo_en!somewhere!out! !!!!Ask!for!a!doggy!bag! of!the!fridge.!“We!barely!throw!any!food!away!at! the!end!of!the!day,”!one!worker!confirms!to!me.! !!!!Force!someone!else!at!my!table!to!finish!it! This!isn’t!an!isolated!example.!There!are!a! You!find!a!can!of!soup!in!the!pantry!that!is!two! growing!number!of!ciCzen!iniCaCves!which!are! months!passed!its!“best!before”!date.!What!do!you! fighCng!against!unjusCfied!waste,!like!the! do?! “dumpster!diving”!movement,!or!the!Real!Junk! !!!!Eat!it! Food!Project!in!Brighton—a!food!bank!that!uses! items!discarded!by!local!supermarkets.! !!!!Throw!it!out! In!Lisbon,!the!Frutafeia!cofoperaCve!campaigns! !!!!Feed!it!to!the!dog! against!standardizaCon!in!foodstuffs,!especially! !!!!Compost!it! vegetables,!while!Berlin’s!“social!fridges”!offer!selff service!food!for!free!to!people!who!are!homeless.! Do!you!compost!your!food!scraps?! In!the!current!dominant!system!of!food! !!!!Yes! consumpCon!and!the!culture!of!rush,!a!daily! !!!!No!

42 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

What!temperature!is!your!refrigerator?! goods!such!as!fruits,!vegetables,!and!meats!within! the!boundaries!of!the!display!shelves!so!that! !!!!<32!Degrees!F.! produce!and!meats!look!their!most!appealing.!! !!!!33–40!Degrees!F.! !!!!>42!Degrees!F.! !!!!I!don't!know! How!do!you!serve!dinner!at!your!house?!Family$ Style!where!everyone!serves!their!own!plates!from! central!pots/dishes,!OR!Plated!where!the!host!puts! the!food!on!each!plate?! !!!!Plated! !!!!Family!Style! Do!you!know!somewhere!in!your!neighborhood! where!you!can!buy!food!that!has!been!marked! down!(e.g.,!a!shelf!with!discounted!ripe!produce!or! damaged!packages)?! For!Americans,!especially,!this!includes! cleanliness.!If!fruits!and!vegetables!are!not!already! !!!!Yes,!and!I!buy!that!imperfect!food!all!the!Cme! wrapped!in!plasCc!or!placed!in!plasCc!boxes,!they! !!!!Yes,!but!I!wouldn't!buy!it! are!well!organized,!with!all!the!bunches!of!celery! facing!the!same!way!and!each!type!of!apple! !!!!No! confined!to!its!own!bin.!! Does!the!grocery!store!you!shop!most!at!have!a! Meat,!for!legiCmate!health!concerns,!must!be! food!recovery!program!(where!they!donate!excess! wrapped!so!that!its!juices!will!not!leak!out!of!its! food)?! packaging!and!commingle!with!other!meat!juices.! !!!!Yes! Beef!is!kept!apart!from!chicken,!which!is!kept!apart! !!!!No! from!fish,!and!so!on.! !!!!I!don’t!know! Discuss!this!quiz!with!your!family!members,!as! well.!Are!there!immediate!ways!you!can!think!of!to! Once!you!have!taken!the!quiz,!you!can!score! reduce!food!waste!in!your!home?!What!are!some! yourself!at!h_p://www.foodwastemovie.com/quizf longfterm!goals!you!can!make!to!keep!food!out!of! js/,!but!you!probably!have!an!idea!of!whether!or! the!trash?! not!you!are!a!food!waster!simply!by!having!seen! Just$Eat$It.$and!taking!the!quiz.! *EnculturaCon!is!the!process!by!which!an!individual! learns!the!tradiConal!content!of!a!culture!and!assimilates! If!you!took!the!quiz!with!classmates,!compare! its!pracCces!and!values.!h_p://www.merriamf your!results!and!discuss!them!honestly.!One!thing! webster.com/dicConary/enculturaCon! that!is!difficult!for!many!Americans,!Canadians,!and! Western!Europeans!is!to!eat!food!that!doesn’t! “look”!good.!Would!you!eat!a!bruised!peach!or! crooked!carrot!without!having!to!think!about!it?! We!are!enculturated*!to!expect!our!food!to! look!the!way!we!have!seen!it!on!television!and!in! magazines,!because!that!is!part!of!the!image!we! have!been!taught!to!project.!Therefore,!if!our!food! has!not!been!packaged!for!us,!we!expect!it!you!be! unblemished!and!uniform!in!shape!and!size.!Most! grocery!stores!take!great!pains!to!arrange!fresh!

43 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Cowspiracy:)The) Sustainability)Secret) bu_er,”!it’s!an!eye!opener!but!not!in!the!way!you! might!expect.! Fear!not,!this!is!no!a_empt!to!shock!and!shame! you!into!renouncing!sin!by!exposing!you!to!grainy,! covert!footage!of!sickly!chickens!being!sucked!into!a! giant!mincer.!To!start!with!it!is!a!masterclass!in! documentary!film!making.!Dei!pacing,!a!dry!sense! of!humor!and!a!selffeffacing!protagonist!make!it! eminently!watchable.!There’s!an!engaging!simplicity! to!the!narraCve!and!data!presentaCon!which!is! supported!by!simple!but!beauCful!cinematography.! Ok,!so!that’s!the!easy!stuff.!Now!for!the! inconvenient!bit.!Between!bouts!of!squirming,! effing,!and!blinding!(see—men!can!mulC!task!)!I! had!to!wonder;!how!do!you!convince!people!to! watch!a!film!with!a!message!most!of!them!are!going! to!find!discomforCng?! If!you!are!a!reasonably!informed!person,!you’re! probably!aware!of!the!overwhelming!evidence!in! support!of!human!caused!climate!change.!If!you’ve! got!kids,!or!nephews!and!nieces!you’ve!probably! felt!the!guilt!of!the!concerned!but!inacCve.!Or! maybe!you’ve!had!an!epiphany!and!decided!to!take! acCon.!Maybe!your!average!day!starts!with!a!super! short!shower.!You!switch!the!water!off!while! lathering!up!and!you!resist!the!temptaCon!to!stand! for!an!extra!ten!minutes!under!an!almost!scalding! About&the&)ilm&& stream,!singing!“I!am!what!I!am”!while!inspecCng! your!bits.! Producers,!Directors,!Screenwriters,!Editors!Kip$ That!is!a!luxury!we!can!no!longer!afford.!Your! Andersen,!Keegan$Kuhn bits!do!look!snug,!one!might!even!say!smug,! Cinematographer!Keegan$Kuhn! squeezed!into!your!niiy!li_le!cycling!onesie,!and! Review)of)Cowspiracy& you!have!a!saCsfied!spring!in!your!step!as!you! deposit!three!separate!bags!of!rubbish!in!full!view!

The$London$Economic,!November!14,!2014 of!your!less!conscienCous!neighbors.!One!bag!for! By!Nick!Figgis! general!waste!(regre_able!but!at!least!it’s!only!a! A$seriously$inconvenient$truth,$but$it$might$be$;me$ small!one),!one!for!food!(what!do!they!do!with!the! we$face$it.$ food!one?),!and!one!with!wellfwashed!recyclables! (because!you!have!to!wash!before!you!squash,!you! Kuhn!and!Anderson’s!thrilling!documentary!is!a! know).!You!take!no!prisoners!in!your!daily!ba_le! rare!gem!in!environmental!film—it!poses!quesCons! with!the!Chelsea!tractor!morons!on!the!way!to! and!actually!answers!them.!I!watched!most!of! work,!they!are!aier!all!murdering!your!unborn! Cowspiracy!mu_ering!expleCves!under!my!breath.! children.!Then!you!pop!into!your!favorite! For!a!meat!and!dairy!eater,!whose!girlfriend!has! independent,!organic,!fair!trade!coffee!place!to!grab! been!known!to!ask!if!I!“want!some!toast!with!my! one!of!their!scrummy!free!range!bacon!

44 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

[sandwiches]!…!Sorry?!You!do!what?!!Right,!well! back,!and!watch!nature!regenerate,!and!that!this! you!may!as!well!have!slept!under!a!full!flowing! would!lead!to!a!planet!not!just!being!sustained!but! power!shower,!burned!your!rubbish!in!your!front! actually!thriving!and!teeming!with!natural!wonders,! garden!and!driven!to!work!in!an!actual!tractor.! has!to!be!one!of!the!most!inspiring!ideas!any! human!can!get!hold!of.! Ok,!so!I!haven’t!fact!checked!this!statement.! Fortunately,!Anderson’s!calculaCons!are!more! www.thelondoneconomic.com/news/poliCcs/cowspiracyf considered.!Here!are!some!tasters:!Raising!Ca_le! review/13/11! uses!more!greenhouse!gasses!(18%)!than!all!cars,! trucks,!trains,!ships,!and!planes!combined!(13%)! when!you!factor!in!methane!emissions.!Yes,!that’s! cow!farts.!According!to!NASA,!methane!has!a!global! warming!power!86!Cmes!that!of!CO2.!Livestock! producCon!is!the!leading!cause!of!species! exCncCon,!deforestaCon,!greenhouse!gas! emissions,!water!shortage,!and!ocean!destrucCon! on!the!planet!today.! The!good!news!is!Anderson!doesn’t!spend!the! film!abusing!meat!eaters.!Of!course!he!turns!his! guns!on!giant!livestock!corporaCons,!but!more! surprisingly,!it’s!our!favorite!environmental!agencies! Some)facts)about)animal)agriculture) who!take!most!of!the!flak!for!failing!to!address!the! •!Animal!agriculture!is!responsible!for!18!percent!of! issue.!Seeing!eco!CEOs!on!the!rack!is!weirdly! greenhouse!gas!emissions,!more!than!all! entertaining,!but!it’s!also!disturbing;!there! transportaCon!combined:!Food!and!Agriculture! genuinely!does!seem!to!be!a!conspiracy!of!silence! OrganizaCon!of!the!United!NaCons.!(2006).! around!this!issue.!If!you!want!to!experience!despair! Spotlight:!Livestock!impacts!on!the!environment.! there!are!plenty!of!opCons!nowadays.! •!Animal!agriculture!uses!from!34–76!trillion!gallons! …!This!film!is!different.!There!is!some!really! of!water!annually:!Pimentel,!D.,!et!al.!(2004).!Water! upliiing,!posiCve!stuff!at!the!end!but!more! resources:!Agricultural!and!environmental! importantly,!there’s!a!clear!answer!to!the!quesCons! issues.!BioScience,$54(10)!909f18.! posed.!It!remains!to!be!seen!whether!we!are!ready! •!Livestock!and!their!byproducts!account!for!at!least! to!hear!that!answer.!We’re!a!strange!bunch!us!21st! 32,000!million!tons!of!carbon!dioxide!(CO .)!per! centurions.!Our!notftoofdistant!ancestors! 2 underwent!beaCngs,!massacres,!imprisonment,!and! year,!or!51%!of!all!worldwide!greenhouse!gas! forced!feedings!to!achieve!universal!suffrage,!our! emissions:!Goodland,!R,!&!Anhang,!J.!(2009).! grandparents!signed!up!in!their!millions!to!fight! Livestock!and!climate!change:!What!if!the!key!actors! fascism.! in!climate!change!were!pigs,!chickens!and!cows?! But!I’ve!a!feeling!most!people!will!block!their! •!Agriculture!is!responsible!for!80–90%!of!US!water! ears!to!this!inconvenient!truth,!we!are!so!wedded! consumpCon:!United!States!Department!of! to!instant!graCficaCon.!Though!perhaps!I!should! Agriculture!Economic!Research!Service.!(2013).! take!a!leaf!out!of!the!Anderson/Kuhn!book!and!end! USDA$ERS–Irriga;on$&$water$use.!! on!a!posiCve!note.!This!is!Dr.!William!Tu_le!from! •!Growing!feed!crops!for!livestock!consumes!56%!of! the!film:!If!we!didn’t!raise!livestock!“we!wouldn’t! water!in!the!US:!Jacobson,!M.!F.!(2006)!More!and! have!to!devote!all!this!land!to!growing!grains!…!to! cleaner!water.!In!Six$arguments$for$a$greener$diet:$ feed!to!them!…!then!the!forests!could!come!back,! How$a$more$plantnbased$diet$could$save$your$health$ wildlife!could!come!back,!the!oceans!would! and$the$environment.!Washington,!DC:!Center!for! [regenerate],!rivers!would!run!clean!again,!the!air! Science!in!the!Public!Interest.! would!come!back,!our!health!would!return.”!This! noCon!that!what!we!have!to!do!is!retreat,!stand!

45 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

•!2,500!gallons!of!water!are!needed!to!produce!1! bizarre,!and!someCmes!downright!funny,!a!pa_ern! pound!of!beef:!Robbins,!J.!2,500!Gallons,!All!Wet?! of!denial,!fabricaCon!and!wishful!thinking!emerges! EarthSave! that!will!leave!you!shaking!your!head!and! wondering!who’s!really!calling!the!shots!at!these! About&the&directors& huge!ecofchariCes.!You!might!even!think!twice! Kip$Andersen!is!the!execuCve!director!of!Animals! before!wriCng!another!check!to!Greenpeace!or! United!Movement!(AUM),!a!nonprofit!dedicated!to! Sierra!Club.! producing!films!and!media!promoCng!sustainable,! I!was!fortunate!to!be!interviewed!for!the!film! compassionate,!and!peaceful!living.!! and!given!a!chance!to!explain!some!of!the!hidden,! Keegan$Kuhn!is!a!videographer,!documentary! or!externalized,!costs!of!meat!and!dairy!(a!topic!I! filmmaker,!and!professional!musician!whose! explore!in!my!book!Meatonomics).!Although!they’re! company!First!Spark!Media!focuses!on!creaCng! busy!screening!Cowspiracy!and!discussing!it!at! videos!and!films!about!social!jusCce!issues!in!order! conferences!around!the!country,!the!two! to!create!a!more!just!and!peaceful!world.! filmmakers!took!Cme!out!from!their!hecCc! schedules!to!answer!a!few!quesCons—like!why!they! got!involved!in!the!project,!how!the!environmental! groups!that!they!embarrassed!are!responding,!and! the!most!outlandish!thing!that!happened!during!the! filming.! First$the$basics:$How$did$you$get$the$idea$for$this$ film,$how$long$did$it$take$to$make,$and$what$sort$ of$background$in$film_making$did$you$have$going$ into$it?$ Kip$Andersen:!Aier!watching!the!documentary!An$ Keegan$Kuhn$and$Kip$Anderson$ Inconvenient$Truth!about!the!catastrophic!impacts! of!global!warming,!I!started!following!all!the!advice! Interview)with)the)Oilmmakers)of) of!the!major!environmental!organizaCons!on!how!I! Cowspiracy:&The&Sustainability&Secret) could!best!help!the!planet.!But!when!I!found!out! that!animal!agriculture!plays!an!even!bigger!role!in! Meatonomic$,!October!2,!2014 environmental!destrucCon!and!resource! By!David!Robinson!Simon! degradaCon!than!the!fossil!fuel!industry,!I!was! As!Californians!struggle!through!a!fourfyear! shocked!that!the!organizaCons!I!had!trusted!were! drought,!lake!and!reservoir!levels!are!at!historic! not!talking!about!it.!I!tried!emailing!and!calling! lows—and!many!of!us!are!looking!for!ways!to!lower! these!groups!for!months!in!order!to!get!answers,! our!water!use.!Want!to!save!660!gallons!of!water?! but!no!one!would!ever!get!back!to!me.!I!realized! You!could!quit!showering!for!two!months—if!you! that!I!was!going!to!have!to!take!a!camera!into!these! can!ignore!the!hearäelt!pleas!of!friends!and!family! organizaCons’!headquarters!if!I!wanted!answers.! begging!you!to!resume.!AlternaCvely,!and! Keegan$Kuhn:!Kip!asked!me!to!be!involved!in!this! amazingly,!you!could!save!the!same!amount!of! project!because!of!my!background!in!making! water!by!simply!foregoing!a!single!hamburger.! documentaries!through!First!Spark!Media.!I!had! This!is!just!one!of!the!astonishing!staCsCcs!to! recently!just!finished!the!feature!length! emerge!from!the!groundbreaking!new!documentary! documentary!Turlock!and!it!was!perfect!Cming!to! film!Cowspiracy!by!Kip!Andersen!and!Keegan!Kuhn.! jump!into!another!film.!We!worked!on!Cowspiracy! The!pair!set!out!to!learn!why!the!naCon’s!biggest! intensively!for!over!a!year.! environmental!groups!rouCnely!ignore!the!massive! Some$potenKal$funders$backed$out.$What$impact$ environmental!effects!of!animal!agriculture.! did$that$have$on$the$film_making$process$and$on$ Through!a!series!of!interviews!with!environmental! your$morale?$How$did$you$fund$it$acer$that?$ leaders!that!are!someCmes!tense,!someCmes!

46 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

KA:!!We!had!applied!for!a!number!of!grants!and! Some!of!these!groups!have!responded!since! funding!for!making!Cowspiracy.!A!few!foundaCons! Cowspiracy!premiered.!Rainforest!AcCon!Network! took!serious!interest!in!the!film,!but!aier!having! has!released!a!series!of!images!on!social!media! internal!meeCngs!with!their!boards!and!looking!at! about!the!impacts!of!animal!agriculture!and!have! the!potenCal!risks!of!being!associated!with!such!a! advocated!for!eaCng!less!meat,!which!we!are! controversial!documentary,!each!one!of!them! thrilled!about.!But!sadly!they!sCll!have!not! backed!out.!It!was!disheartening!and!made!us! menConed!the!impacts!of!ca_le!on!the!rainforests! wonder!what!we!were!really!gevng!ourselves!into.! in!these!images!or!launched!a!campaign!about! The!film!ended!up!being!enCrely!selfffunded!by!a! livestock!and!their!feed!crops!in!relaCon!to!the! nonfprofit!I!created,!A.U.M.!Films.! clearing!of!the!Amazon.! The$film$should$be$a$source$of$embarrassment$and$ …$One$of$the$many$challenges$of$any$message$that$ discomfort$for$many$of$the$naKon’s$leading$ promotes$a$plant_based$diet$is$finding$acceptance$ environmental$organizaKons$and$government$ in$the$mainstream$community.$How$has$this$been$ agencies,$including$Greenpeace,$Surfrider,$Sierra$ going$for$you$so$far?$ Club,$Rainforest$AcKon$Network,$NaKonal$ KA:!A!lot!of!people!are!waking!up!to!the!realiCes!of! Resources$Defense$Council,$the$California$Water$ environmental!issues!and!the!peril!we!all!face! Resources$Control$Board,$and$others.$ExecuKves$ together.!I!think!because!of!this!unifying!force!of! with$these$organizaKons$come$across$in$the$film$as$ ecological!collapse!that!the!issues!of!promoCng!a! ignorant,$disingenuous,$or$both.$Have$any$of$these$ sustainable!diet!will!begin!to!fade.!The!resistance! organizaKons$or$their$execuKves$publicly$ that!people!have!been!met!with!in!the!past!will! acknowledged$the$film$or$the$issues$it$raises?$Do$ become!so!much!clearer!in!their!moCvaCons.! you$think$the$film$will$someday$cause$these$ organizaKons$to$acknowledge$the$massive$role$of$ KK:!I!think!the!challenge!that!we!are!really!facing!is! animal$producKon$in$climate$change?$ about!informaCon!control.!People!can!only!make! informed!decisions!about!how!they!eat!when!they! KA:!We!were!shocked!by!the!evasive!nature!of!so! have!the!informaCon.!Luckily!we!are!living!in!a!Cme! many!of!the!execuCves!we!interviewed!for!the!film.! where!people!are!desperately!hungry!for!real! These!are!people!who!have!supposedly!dedicated! informaCon.!The!response!we!have!had!from!truly! their!lives!to!protecCng!the!environment!and!yet! environmentally!conscious!people!has!been! when!asked!simple!quesCons!about!the! amazing!and!I!feel!very!strongly!that!with!proper! environmental!destrucCon!caused!by!animal! ambassadors!for!this!issue!we!are!on!the!right! agriculture,!they!would!consistently!sidestep!the! course!to!a!sustainable!future.! quesCon!and!avoid!talking!about!the!subject!in! every!way!they!could.! I!absolutely!believe!that!these!organizaCons!are! going!to!have!to!start!addressing!the!impacts!of! KK:!The!organizaCons!you!menConed!should!all!be! animal!agriculture!if!they!want!to!stay!in!business.! embarrassed!for!their!failure!to!properly!address! the!impacts!of!animal!agriculture.!They!really! What$was$the$most$bizarre$or$outlandish$thing$ should!be!publicly!apologizing!to!all!of!their! that$you$saw$or$heard$in$the$course$making$the$ supporters!who!have!trusted!them.!These!groups! film?$ and!organizaCons!are!doing!good!work,!but!they! are!misleading!their!supporters!and!the!public!into! believing!the!fossil!fuels!are!the!only!environmental! ill!we!face.!Absolutely!the!fossil!fuel!industry!is! causing!huge!ecological!devastaCon,!but!when! compared!to!what!animal!agriculture!is!doing!to!the! climate,!water!polluCon,!topsoil!erosion,! deforestaCon,!species!exCncCon,!ocean!dead!zones! and!habitat!destrucCon,!it!pales!in!comparison.!

47 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

KA:!The!most!bizarre!thing!that!I!saw!was!how! palm!oil!from!environmental!organizaCons,!there!is! Rainforest!AcCon!Network!did!not!have!animal! li_le!or!no!menCon!of!this.!Another!figure!that!I! agriculture!as!one!of!the!four!key!issues!they!focus! wish!we!could!have!included!is!the!fact!that!pigs!in! on!!How!can!one!of!the!world’s!biggest!rainforest! the!US!consume!more!fish!than!human!beings!do.!It! protecCon!groups!not!have!the!#1!cause!of! seems!one!of!the!best!ways!to!help!save!fish!is!to! deforestaCon!as!one!of!their!main!key!issues,!let! not!eat!pigs.!…! alone!not!having!it!there!at!all?!This!was!the!case! KK:!The!financial!price!that!we!as!a!society!have!to! for!Amazon!Watch!as!well;!I!just!couldn’t!and!sCll! pay!for!this!industry!is!massive!and!I’m!glad!that!we! don’t!understand!how!they!think!they!can/could!get! could!touch!on!it!in!the!film.!I!feel!…!the!cost!is!so! away!with!that.!The!whole!Oceana!and!Andy! much!higher,!though,!than!even!the!astronomical! Sharpless!TED!talk!was!also!perhaps!the!most! figure!of!414!billion!dollars!that!you!state.!Every! ridiculous!thing!I!heard!over!the!course!of!filming.! single!day!we!have!to!pay!the!incalculable!price!of! Oceana!saying!for!us!to!eat!more!fish!to!protect!the! species!exCncCon,!species!that!have!been!wiped!off! ocean!is!like!a!zookeeper!saying!to!kill!more!of!their! the!face!of!the!earth!forever!because!of!this! animals!but!to!just!make!sure!to!rotate!killing!of! industry.!We!pay!with!the!priceless!lives!of!children! animals!so!they!don’t!go!exCnct!before!they!are! who!die!from!lack!of!clean!water!and!food!while!it! killed.!They!care!about!fisherman,!not!the!fish! is!diverted!to!feed!livestock,!desCned!for!western! inhabitants!of!the!ocean,!nor!the!overall!health!of! plates.!And!ulCmately!we!may!end!up!paying!with! the!ocean!it!seems.!…! our!own!lives!unless!radical!changes!take!place.! Is$there$one$parKcular$scene$or$interview$that$ h_p://meatonomics.com/2014/10/02/anfexclusivefinterviewf ended$up,$metaphorically$speaking,$on$the$cuhng$ withfcowspiracyffilmmakersfkipfandersenfandfkeeganfkuhn/! room$floor$that$you$wish$could$have$been$included$ in$the$film?$ Paris&climate&change&summit& KA:!The!enCre!Howard!Lyman!interview!I!would! and&the&taboo&of&meat>eating& have!liked!to!include!in!the!film!!He!is!such!a! Euronews,!December!9,!2015! powerful!force!and!everything!he!said!was!so! impacäul!on!Keegan!and!me.!Eventually!we!will! “This!is!one!of!the!most!delicate!issues!with! release!his!enCre!interview!along!with!the!extended! climate!protecCon,!because!we!all!have!our!habits! interviews!of!many!of!the!organizaCons!featured!in! and!diet!is!something!quite!holy!for!some!people,! the!film.! not!to!be!meddled!with,”!said!Jo!Leinen,!an! omnivorous!German!member!of!the!European! Parliament.! NegoCators!from!nearly!200!countries!are! focusing!mainly!on!reducing!carbon!dioxide!output! from!industry!in!order!to!limit!global!warming,! rather!than!on!diet.! But!the!livestock!sector!is!responsible!for!about! 14.5!percent!of!global!greenhouse!gas!emissions,! through!cows!producing!methane!and!producCon! processes!–!comparable!to!all!the!direct!emissions! from!cars,!planes,!ships!and!other!transport.! On!the!sidelines!of!the!summit,!one!American! firm!this!week!proposed!one!answer!in!the!form!of! Howard$Lyman$$ its!“Impossible!Burger”.!Made!enCrely!from!plants,! KK:!There!were!a!lot!of!stats!that!we!couldn’t!fit! it!is!intended!to!look!and!taste!idenCcal!to!beef,!and! into!the!film.!For!example,!annually!more!than!3.3! produces!a!similar!smell!when!grilled.! million!tons!of!palm!oil!is!fed!to!livestock!and!yet!in! the!massive!PR!campaigns!about!the!damage!of!

48 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

The!company!is!partly!funded!by!Khosla! For!now,!though,!meat!consumpCon!is!rising!in! Ventures,!Bill!Gates!and!Google!Ventures.!Google! the!United!States,!China,!and!elsewhere!despite! coffounder!Sergey!Brin!previously!helped!fund!a! health!warnings,!most!recently!a!World!Health! beeíurger!created!in!a!testftube!at!Maastricht! OrganizaCon!report!that!found!eaCng!processed!or! University!in!the!Netherlands!in!2013.! red!meat!increased!the!risk!of!developing!cancer.! One$day$without$meat$ The!BriCsh!think!tank!Chatham!House!says!that! merely!applying!exisCng!recommendaCons!from! Elsewhere,!a!delegaCon!from!the!Buddhist!Tzu! health!bodies!to!limit!meat!consumpCon!would! Chi!FoundaCon!was!a_empCng!to!promote!January! generate!a!quarter!of!the!remaining!emissions! 11,!2016,!as!a!Day!of!Meatlessness.! reducCons!needed!to!keep!global!warming!below!2! “It!is!just!one!day,!but!it!will!help!people!think! degrees!Celsius,!a!key!target!of!the!Paris!talks.! about!the!environmental,!ethical,!and!health!issues! h_p://www.euronews.com/2015/12/09/parisfclimatefchangef around!meat,!and!maybe!it!will!grow,”!said! summitfandftheftaboofoffmeatfeaCng/! volunteer!Lori!Chen.!“We!know!you!have!to!move! slowly,!and!be!less!forceful!on!issues!of!diet.”! Zimbabwe:&16,000&Cattle& Oien,!it!is!a!quesCon!of!social!norms.!“In! Succumb&to&Drought& France,!they!take!offense!if!you!don’t!eat!meat,!like! you!are!rejecCng!their!culture,”!said!Chen.!“In! The$Herald,!January!29,!2016 China,!you!are!emasculated!if!you!only!eat!plants,”! By!Elita!ChikwaC! added!Hanford!Lin,!who!works!for!the!foundaCon’s! More!than!15!800!ca_le!have!succumbed!to! fundraising!arm.! drought!as!the!Food!and!Agriculture!OrganizaCon! One!person!at!the!conference!who!is!decidedly! (FAO)!has!intervened!with!$1!million!worth!of! not!emasculated—actor,!bodybuilder!and!former! stockfeeds!for!supplementary!feeding.! California!governor!Arnold!Schwarzenegger—told! The!Division!of!Livestock!and!ProducCon! reporters!on!Monday!there!was!no!reason!why! Development!(LPD)!in!the!Ministry!of!Agriculture,! vegetarians!could!not!achieve!a!muscular!physique.! MechanizaCon!and!IrrigaCon!Development!said!the! “I!have!seen!many!bodybuilders!and!liiers!who! most!affected!areas!are!Masvingo,!Matabeleland! are!vegetarians!and!get!strong!and!healthy,”!he! North,!Manicaland,!Midlands!and!Matabeleland! said.!“I!think!it!is!a!good!idea,!but!…!you!have!to! South.! start!slowly,!you!can’t!just!convince!people!to!stop! LPD!director,!Mr.!Bothwell!Makodza!yesterday! eaCng!meat!altogether.”! said!by!last!Friday,!the!country!had!recorded!15,842! ca_le!deaths.! “Masvingo!province!has!the!highest!number!of! deaths!with!6,566!ca_le!succumbing!to!drought.! Matabeleland!North!recorded!3,606!deaths,! Manicaland!3,111,!Midlands!1,301!and! Matabeleland!South!1,268.! “To!date,!FAO!has!assisted!livestock!farmers!in! the!affected!areas!with!$1!million!worth!of! subsidized!supplementary!feeds,”!he!said.! Mr.!Makodza!urged!farmers!to!sell!some!of!the! unproducCve!livestock!to!get!cash!to!buy!feeds!to! save!the!remaining!herd.! h_p://allafrica.com/stories/201601290150.html!

49 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Activities& COP21:!Arnold!Schwarzenegger:!‘Go!partfCme! vegetarian!to!protect!the!planet’! 1.!Although!many!people!in!the!United!States— especially!in!California—have!become!health! conscious,!reducing!the!amount!of!beef!in!their! diets,!other!countries!have!increased!their! consumpCon!of!beef.! Research!data!about!beef!consumpCon!over!the! last!20!years!and!find!out!which!countries!have! increased!the!amount!of!beef!they!eat!and!why.!See! if!you!can!find!data!on!whether!or!not!this!increase! has!affected!their!populaCons’!health!and!if!the! same!health!effects!are!being!experienced!in!all!the! countries!that!have!increased!their!intake!of!beef.! Compare!the!amount!of!beef!you!eat!to!the!amount! eaten!by!the!average!person!living!in!Japan,!Peru,! and!Norway!and!the!health!of!those!populaCons! relaCve!to!California’s.!Discuss!with!the!class!or! fellow!students!if!what!you!learned!will!make!you! consider!changing!your!meatfeaCng!habits.! 2.!Find!out!what!a!vegan!diet!is!by!using!resources! from!the!Vegan!Diet!website.!Then!make!a!list!of! the!foods!you!eat!in!an!average!day,!esCmaCng!the! amounts!of!the!foods!you!eat!that!are!not!in!a! vegan!diet.! What!would!it!involve!for!you!to!change!over!to!a! vegan!diet?!Are!there!cultural!factors!that!would! make!complicate!the!transiCon?!How!do!you!think! it!would!affect!your!health,!your!social!life,!and! your/your!family’s!food!expenses?! Resources& Spotlight:!Livestock!impacts!on!the!environment.! Food!and!Agriculture!OrganizaCon!of!the!United! NaCons.! Livestock’s!Long!Shadow:!Environmental!Issues!and! OpCons.!Food!and!Agriculture!OrganizaCon!of!the! United!NaCons.! Meateater’s!Guide!to!Climate!Change!&!Health.! Environmental!Working!Group.! World!Review!of!Fisheries!and!Aquaculture.!United! NaCons!Food!aNd!Agriculture!OrganizaCon! Margulis,!Sergio.!(2003).!Causes!of!DeforestaCon!of! the!Brazilian!Rainforest.!Washington,!DC:!World! Bank!PublicaCons.! Our!food!,our!future.!Earthsave.!

50 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

featured!by!CNN,!NBC,!The$New$York$Times,!The$ Speakers,)Panels,)and) Wall$Street$Journal,!NPR,!and!many!other!outlets.!In! Presentations) addiCon!to!working!on!reducing!the!amount!of! wasted!food,!Dana!works!on!improving!food! sourcing!for!individual!companies,!and!as!part!of! Shorts:&The&Environment&for& the!Steering!Commi_ee!for!the!Stewardship!Index! Beginners& for!Specialty!Crops!and!a!parCcipant!in!the! Sustainability!ConsorCum.!She!holds!a!B.S.!and!M.S.! The&Marvelous&Musical&Report&of&the& in!Earth!Systems!from!Stanford!University.! Marine&National&Monuments,)Worse& Than&Poop!,)Yuck,)and)Me&.&.&.&Jane) Cowspiracy& Vanessa$Warheit!is!Worse$Than$Poop!’s!Director/ Sailesh$Rao!is!the!ExecuCve!Director!of!the! Writer/Producer/Editor.!Vanessa!is!a!filmmaker,!a! nonprofit!organizaCon!Climate!Healers!that!is! mother,!an!acCvist,!a!teacher,!a!Climate!Reality! aiming!to!regenerate!forests!over!onefsixth!of!the! Leader!with!Al!Gore’s!Climate!Reality!Project,!and!a! iceffree!land!area!of!the!planet.!He!is!an!ExecuCve! member/owner!of!New!Day!Films.!Her!work!has! CofProducer!of!the!2014!documentary!Cowspiracy:$ been!shown!naConally!on!PBS,!at!film!fesCvals,!and! The$Sustainability$Secret.!Prior!to!starCng!Climate! via!broadcast!around!the!world.! Healers,!he!was!the!Director!of!CommunicaCon! Systems!at!Intel!CorporaCon,!where!he!developed! Elliot!is!the!Narrator!of!Worse$Than$Poop!!He!is!a! the!Gigabit!Ethernet!on!Copper!standard.!Aier! fiih!grade!student!in!Palo!Alto,!California.!Elliot!is! watching!former!Vice!President!Al!Gore’s!slide!show! passionate!about!creaCng!a!healthy!planet,!building! in!December!2005,!Sailesh!made!a!significant! new!things!out!of!old!junk,!and!anything!related!to! change!in!his!career,!became!a!member!of!Al!Gore’s! Harry!Po_er,!Star$Wars,!The$Lord$of$the$Rings,!and! “The!Climate!Reality!Project,”!which!spreads!the! Apple!computers.! word!on!climate!change.!Sailesh!then!founded! Barbara$McVeigh!is!the!producer!of!Racing$With$ Climate!Healers!in!2007,!where!he!currently!works! Copepods.! full!Cme.! The&Boy&and&the&World& Nausicaä&of&the&Valley&of&the& Mark$Phillips!taught!high!school!for!10!years,!then! Wind& he!became!a!teacher!educator,!first!at!UCSB!and! Zoë$Elton!is!the!Director!of!Programming!for!the! then!at!San!Francisco!State.!Now!reCred!from!SFSU,! Mill!Valley!Film!FesCval.!She!has!traveled!the!world! he!works!with!the!California!Film!InsCtute’s! to!find!films!for!the!fesCval,!including!trips!to!Iran! EducaCon!program!and!writes!a!monthly!column!on! for!the!Tehran!Film!FesCval,!the!Burkina!Faso! educaCon!for!the!Marin$Independent$Journal.! African!Film!FesCval,!the!Guadalajara!InternaConal! Just&Eat&It.& Film!FesCval,!and!the!annual!Cannes!Film!FesCval.! She!is!also!an!accomplished!stage!director.! Dana$Gunders,!Senior!ScienCst!at!the!Natural! Resources!Defense!Council,!is!focused!on!Food!and! Agriculture.!She!works!on!marketf!and!policyf oriented!iniCaCves!to!promote!sustainability! throughout!food!systems!and!supply!chains.!She! leads!NRDC’s!work!on!reducing!food!waste!and!is! the!author!of!a!widely!distributed!report!“Wasted:! How!America!is!Losing!Up!to!40%!of!Its!Food!from! Farm!to!Fork!to!Landfill.”!She!also!recently!cof authored!a!report!called!“The!DaCng!Game,”! revealing!how!confusing!food!dates!lead!to!food! waste!in!America.!Her!work!on!food!waste!has!been!

51 CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Day)Two:)February)9,)2016)

Indian)Point) Indian&Point)(Tribeca)Review)) Zachary!Shevich,!April!18,!2015! Offers$a$general,$yet$unseIling$look$at$the$ potenKal$for$disaster$just$north$of$NYC.$ Ivy!Meeropol!is!an!acclaimed!documentary! filmmaker.!Her!work!has!been!featured!on!the! Sundance!Channel!and!HBO.!Meeropol’s!films!have! been!nominated!for!numerous!awards!and!her! feature,!Heir$to$an$Execu;on,!was!shortlisted!for!an! Academy!Award®.!! h_ps://tribecafilm.com/filmguide/indianfpointf2015! Review)of)Indian&Point) About&the&)ilm& Indian$Point,!making!its!World!Premiere!at!the! 94!mins.! Tribeca!Film!FesCval,!gets!its!name!from!the!Indian! Point!nuclear!power!plant!that!resides!less!than!40! Director!Ivy$Meeropol miles!north!of!New!York!City.!The!documentary! Producers!Ivy$Meeropol,$Julie$Goldman,$ from!Ivy!Meeropol!takes!a!comprehensive!look!at! Christopher$Clements,$Carolyn$Hepburn the!tenuous!situaCon!surrounding!the!future!of!the! Cinematographers!Daniel$B.$Gold,$BreI$Wiley,$Rob$ nuclear!reactors!in!relaCon!to!the!over!20!million! Featherstone Americans!that!live!near!the!plant.!While!the! Editors!Stephen$Heffner,$Toby$Shimin problems!regarding!the!implementaCon!of!nuclear! Cast!Marilyn$Elie,$Gregory$Jaczko,$Phillip$ power!are!far!reaching,!Meeropol’s!documentary! Musegaas,$Brian$Vangor,$Roger$Witherspoon! takes!a!focused!look!at!the!situaCon!in!Buchanan,! Indian!Point!Nuclear!Power!Plant!looms!just!35! New!York,!as!she!follows!several!residents!whose! miles!from!Times!Square.!With!over!50!million! everyday!lives!concern!Indian!Point.! people!living!in!close!proximity!to!the!aging!facility,! As!the!film!begins,!Indian!Point!looks!as!if!it’s! its!conCnued!operaCon!has!the!support!of!the! a_empCng!to!document!the!lives!of!the!people! plant’s!operators!and!the!NRC—Nuclear!Regulatory! who!work!at!the!power!plant.!Meeropol!showcases! Commission—yet!has!stoked!a!great!deal!of! the!daily!rouCne!of!Indian!Point’s!control!room! controversy!in!the!surrounding!community,! supervisor,!as!well!as!a!couple!other!plant! including!a!vocal!anCfnuclear!conCngent!concerned! employees,!who!vouch!for!the!safety!of!their!plant.! that!what!happened!at!Japan’s!Fukushima!nuclear! To!a!nuclear!plant!worker,!it’s!about!risks!versus! plant!could!happen!here.!In!the!brewing!fight!for! perceived!risk,!and!the!risks!appear!minimal!from! clean!energy!and!the!catastrophic!possibiliCes!of! the!inside.!The!film’s!scope!then!widens!when!it! government!complacency,!director!Ivy!Meeropol! introduces!Roger!Witherspoon,!an!environmental! presents!a!balanced!argument!about!the!issues! journalist!who!has!covered!Indian!Point!for! surrounding!nuclear!energy!and!offers!a!startling! decades.! reality!check!for!our!uncertain!nuclear!future.! His!wife,!a!local!environmental!acCvist!named! h_p://indianpoinäilm.com/! Marilyn!Elle,!is!another!prominent!figure!in!the!film.! h_p://indianpoinäilm.com/about/!! Like!her!husband,!Marilyn!a_ends!any!public! hearing!on!Indian!Point;!however!the!couple!insists! on!arriving!separately!so!as!to!maintain!professional! 52! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! integrity.!Marilyn!rails!against!the!company!and!the! Point!offers!limited!bits!of!informaCon!on!many! Nuclear!Regulatory!Commi_ee!while!Roger!sits! disconcerCng!facets!to!the!Indian!Point!nuclear! back,!reporCng.!The!interviews!with!Witherspoon! plant,!creaCng!a!persuasive!argument!for!greater! and!Elle!provide!the!majority!of!Indian!Point’s!case! scruCny!in!our!approach!to!nuclear.! against!the!conCnued!existence!of!nuclear!faciliCes,! h_p://waytooindie.com/review/movie/indianfpointf mining!their!years!of!immersion!with!the!issues!for! tribecaf2015/! a!deep!understanding!of!each!side’s!talking!points.! New)Film)on)Indian)Point)Explores) Between!Indian!Point’s!employees!and!the! ‘Nuclear)Power)in)the)Age)of) combinaCon!of!Roger!and!Marilyn,!the!majority!of! the!documentary’s!interviews!come!from!residents! Fukushima’) of!the!Buchanan!area!that!have!spent!decades! Common$Dreams,!April!15,!2015 steeped!in!the!debate!over!the!nuclear!site’s!future.! By!Dierdre!Fulton! Condensing!years!of!disputes!makes!parts!of!Indian! Film$alleges$former$nuke$commission$chair$was$ Point!feel!like!a!bit!of!a!general!overview,!which!can! ousted$by$pro_industry$forces$who$thought$he$was$ be!frustraCng!when!an!interviewee!menCons! being$‘too$aggressive’$in$his$efforts$to$protect$the$ structural!damage!as!if!were!just!in!passing.! public.$ Gradually,!Indian!Point’s!seemingly!evenfhanded! approach!fades,!as!informaConal!screens!warn!of! A!new!documentary,!premiering!Friday!at!the! the!immense!dangers!that!nuclear!power!plants! Tribeca!Film!FesCval,!provides!a!glimpse!inside!the! pose.! aging!nuclear!plant!known!as!Indian!Point—as!well! as!a!slew!of!new!arguments!against!nuclear!power.!! Aier!Indian!Point!profiles!a!series!of!locals,!the! documentary!turns!its!a_enCon!to!the!bureaucraCc! The!94fminute!film,!Ctled!Indian$Point!and! logjam!disrupCng!progress!on!handling!nuclear! directed!by!Ivy!Meeropol,!features!unprecedented! faciliCes!throughout!the!country.!In!the!wake!of! footage!of!the!threefunit!nuclear!power!plant! 2011’s!Fukushima!Daiichi!nuclear!disaster,!the! staCon,!which!was!designed!in!the!1950s!and!sits!in! United!States’!a_enCon!turned!to!its!nuclear!power! Buchanan,!New!York,!just!35!miles!up!the!Hudson! plants,!but!none!more!threaten!to!harm!a!larger! River!from!Times!Square.!! populaCon!than!Indian!Point.!Former!NRC!chairman! Gregory!Jaczko!plays!a!pivotal!role!in!the! documentary’s!la_er!part;!however,!his!interview! appearance!is!surprisingly!brief.!During!his! chairmanship,!Jaczko!pushed!for!rapid!changes!to! US!nuclear!policy!before!gevng!pushed!out!of!his! job.!For!Indian!Point,!he’s!a!parCcularly! authoritaCve!figure!on!the!subject,!and!it!might! have!been!beneficial!to!get!more!of!his!insight.!The! documentary!keeps!its!focus!on!Indian!Point,!the! company!that!owns!the!facility,!and!the!people! most!directly!impacted!by!the!nuclear!site.! Indian$Point!outlines!a!lot!of!frightening!aspects! of!real!danger,!but!at!points!the!approach!feels!like! a!bullet!point!summary!of!relevant!topics.!Several! shocking!revelaCons!about!Indian!Point’s!safety! Fukushima$Daichi$nuclear$power$plant$ concerns!are!glanced!over!without!a!descripCve! In!an!interview,!Meeropol!said!the!film!is!“about! explanaCon!of!the!problem.!However,!Meeropol! one!aging!and!controversial!nuclear!power!plant!in! includes!such!a!litany!of!reasons!against!the! the!age!of!Fukushima.!The!story!is!told!from!both! conCnued!use!of!nuclear!reactors!in!Buchanan!that! her!documentary!becomes!deeply!chilling.!Indian! 53! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

inside!and!outside!the!plant,!through!characters! with!downsides!that!could!make!oil!spills!and! who!care!deeply!about!its!future.”! electrical!brownouts!seem!as!minor!as!a!fender! bender.”! It!delves!specifically!into!the!story!of!Gregory! Jaczko,!who!was!chairman!of!the!U.S.!Nuclear! Just!this!week,!the!Disaster!Accountability! Regulatory!Commission!(NRC)!when!Japan’s! Project,!a!nonprofit!organizaCon!that!monitors! Fukushima!power!plant!suffered!a!major!meltdown! responses!to!nuclear!emergencies,!called!on!the! in!2013.!The!film!alleges!that!Jaczko—an!advocate! NRC!to!establish!a!50fmile!disaster!warning!zone!for! of!Cghtening!safety!controls!at!America’s!aging! Indian!Point.!Currently,!the!NRC!requires! nuclear!faciliCes!aier!the!Fukushima!disaster!(his! communiCes!located!within!10!miles!of!nuclear! was!the!only!dissenCng!vote!on!plans!to!build!the! power!plants!to!develop!emergency!plans.! first!American!nuclear!plant!in!30!years)—was! But!the!Wall$Street$Journal$reports!that!the! ousted!from!the!NRC!by!profindustry!forces!who! NRC,!“in!response!to!the!Disaster!Accountability! thought!he!was!being!“too!aggressive”!in!his!efforts! Project’s!recommendaCons,!said!that!the!current! to!protect!the!public.! 10fmile!zone!for!emergency!planning!is!appropriate! and!that!plans!in!those!areas!will!provide!adequate! protecCon!to!the!public!in!a!nuclear!accident.”! h_p://www.commondreams.org/news/2015/04/16/newffilmf indianfpointfexploresfnuclearfpowerfageffukushima! Pros)and)cons)of)nuclear)power) Time!for!Change,!by!Jürg!Rohrer! As!a!result!of!the!current!discussion!how! further!global!warming!could!be!prevented!or!at! least!miCgated,!the!revival!of!nuclear!power!seems! to!be!in!everybody’s—or!at!least!in!many!a! poliCcian’s—mind.!It!it!interesCng!to!see!that!in! many!suggesCons!to!miCgate!global!warming,!the! focus!is!put!on!the!advantages!of!nuclear!power! generaCon;!its!disadvantages!are!rarely!menConed.! Hopefully,!the!following!summary!of!arguments! for!and!against!nuclear!power!can!fill!this!gap:! Advantages$of$nuclear$power$generaKon:$ When!asked!by!IndieWire!what!she!wants! people!to!think!about!aier!seeing!the!movie,! • Nuclear!power!generaCon!does!emit!relaCvely! Meeropol!responded:!“That!there!are! low!amounts!of!carbon!dioxide!(CO2.).!The! consequences!to!our!insaCable!demands!for!energy! emissions!of!green!house!gases!and!therefore!the! and!there!are!no!easy!answers!for!how!to!capture! contribuCon!of!nuclear!power!plants!to!global! that!energy!safely.!But!even!more!pressing,!since! warming!is!therefore!relaCvely!li_le.! we!are!currently!using!nuclear!power!across!the! • This!technology!is!readily!available,!it!does!not! country!and!the!globe,!nuclear!power!plants!must! have!to!be!developed!first.! be!regulated,!and!we!need!to!be!certain!that!our! regulatory!bodies!are!not!compromised!by!their! • It!is!possible!to!generate!a!high!amount!of! relaConships!with!industry.”! electrical!energy!in!one!single!plant.! The$Daily$Beast!describes!Indian$Point!as!“a! Disadvantages$of$nuclear$power$generaKon:$ cauConary!tale!about!a!technology!once!seen!as!an! • The!problem!of!radioacCve!waste!is!sCll!an! abundant!and!nonfpolluCng!energy!source,!but! unsolved!one.!The!waste!from!nuclear!energy!is!

54! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

extremely!dangerous!and!it!has!to!be!carefully! • The!energy!source!for!nuclear!energy!is!uranium.! looked!aier!for!several!thousand!years!(10,000! Uranium!is!a!scarce!resource,!its!supply!is! years!according!to!United!States!Environmental! esCmated!to!last!only!for!the!next!30!to!60!years! ProtecCon!Agency!standards).! depending!on!the!actual!demand.! • High!risks:!Despite!a!generally!high!security! • The!Cme!frame!needed!for!formaliCes,!planning! standard,!accidents!can!sCll!happen.!It!is! and!building!of!a!new!nuclear!power!generaCon! technically!impossible!to!build!a!plant!with!100%! plant!is!in!the!range!of!20!to!30!years!in!the! security.!A!small!probability!of!failure!will!always! western!democracies.!In!other!words:!It!is!an! last.!The!consequences!of!an!accident!would!be! illusion!to!build!new!nuclear!power!plants!in!a! absolutely!devastaCng!both!for!human!being!as! short!Cme.! for!the!nature!(see!here,!here,!or!here).!The!more! Sustainability:$Is$nuclear$energy$sustainable?$ nuclear!power!plants!(and!nuclear!waste!storage! shelters)!are!built,!the!higher!is!the!probability!of! For!several!reasons,!nuclear!power!is!neither! a!disastrous!failure!somewhere!in!the!world.!! “green”!nor!sustainable:! • Nuclear!power!plants!as!well!as!nuclear!waste! • Both!the!nuclear!waste!as!well!as!reCred!nuclear! could!be!preferred!targets!for!terrorist!a_acks.!No! plants!are!a!lifefthreatening!legacy!for!hundreds! atomic!energy!plant!in!the!world!could!withstand! of!future!generaCons.!It!flagrantly!contradicts! an!a_ack!similar!to!9/11!in!New!York.!Such!a! with!the!thoughts!of!sustainability!if!future! terrorist!act!would!have!catastrophic!effects!for! generaCons!have!to!deal!with!dangerous!waste! the!whole!world.! generated!from!preceding!generaCons.!See!also! here.! • Uranium,!the!source!of!energy!for!nuclear!power,! is!available!on!earth!only!in!limited!quanCCes.! Uranium!is!being!“consumed”!(i.e.,!converted)! during!the!operaCon!of!the!nuclear!power!plant! so!it!won’t!be!available!any!more!for!future! generaCons.!This!again!contradicts!the!principle! of!sustainability.! Is$nuclear$power$renewable$energy?$ Nuclear!energy!uses!uranium!as!fuel,!which!is!a! scarce!resource.!The!supply!of!uranium!is!expected! to!last!only!for!the!next!30!to!60!years!(depending! on!the!actual!demand).!Therefore!nuclear!energy!is! not!a!renewable!energy.! The$actual$interests$of$the$energy$industry$in$ nuclear$power$ Blissful$ignorance$in$Springfield$ Generally!speaking,!the!electrical!energy! • During!the!operaCon!of!nuclear!power!plants,! industry!is!aware!of!the!substanCal!drawbacks!of! radioacCve!waste!is!produced,!which!in!turn!can! nuclear!power!generaCon.!Nevertheless!this! be!used!for!the!producCon!of!nuclear!weapons.!In! industry!is!now!spending!an!incredible!amount!of! addiCon,!the!same!knowfhow!used!to!design! money!and!Cme,!lobbying!for!the!revival!of!nuclear! nuclear!power!plants!can!to!a!certain!extent!be! energy.!The!main!interest!of!the!owners!of!exisCng! used!to!build!nuclear!weapons!(nuclear! nuclear!power!plants!is,!however,!to!prolong!the! proliferaCon).! lifefspan!for!exisCng!nuclear!plants.!Because!the! exisCng!plants!will!be!amorCzed!at!the!end!of!their! originally!planned!life!Cme,!huge!financial!profits! 55! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! can!be!realized!for!any!day!longer!these!plants!can! 1.!Does!the!power!come!from!renewable!energy?!If! be!kept!in!operaCon.!This!is!much!more!lucraCve! so,!briefly!describe!how!the!energy!makes!it!to!your! than!building!new!nuclear!plants!! home!to!power!all!of!your!electrical!and!electronic! devices.! However,!to!operate!nuclear!power!plants! longer!than!originally!planned!can!be!quite! 2.!Do!the!sources!of!the!energy!have!negaCve! dangerous,!since!any!plant!or!technical!appliance! environmental!impacts!on!the!region!in!which!they! usually!gets!more!troublesome!towards!the!end!of! are!located?!If!so,!what!are!they?! its!planned!life!expectancy.! California!is!home!to!nuclear!power!plants.!Find! Conclusion$ out!how!many!there!are!and!where!they!are! located.!Then!answer!these!quesCons:! From!the!abovefmenConed!pros!and!cons!of! nuclear!power!plants,!it!should!be!evident!that! 1.!How!old!is/are!the!nuclear!power!plant(s)?!! nuclear!energy!cannot!be!a!soluCon!to!any! 2.!The!people!living!around!Indian!Point!are!very! problem.!Even!worse:!It!is!the!source!of!many! concerned!about!both!the!intake!of!water!to!cool! further!problems.! the!nuclear!core!and!the!wastewater!from!cooling! We!must!not!any!longer!shut!our!eyes!to!the! the!nuclear!core!that!is!returned!to!the!Hudson! consequences!of!our!being!on!earth.!Besides!moral,! River.!How!is/are!the!nuclear!power!plant(s)!in! ethical,!and!spiritual!reasons,!at!least!for!the!pure! California!cooled?!What!are!the!environmental! will!to!survive!we!should!consequently!strive!for!a! stresses!on!the!water!source(s),!both!from!the! sustainable!living!and!realize!it!in!our!personal!life.! intake!of!water!for!cooling!and!the!return!of!the! It’s!Cme!for!change!! water!to!its!source?!If!the!used!water!is!diverted!to! h_p://www.Cmeforchange.org/prosfandfconsfoffnuclearf other!than!its!source,!where!does!it!end!up!and! powerfandfsustainability! what!effects!does!it!have!on!the!environment?! Useful)references) EXSKF:!Covering!Fukushima!I!(Daiichi)!Nuclear! Accident!Since!March!11,!2011!! EIA:!U.S.!Energy!InformaCon!AdministraCon! Nuclear!Power! NRC:!U.S.!Nuclear!Regulatory!Commission! Indian!Point!Energy!Center:!Safe,!Secure,!Vital! Transformer!Failure!At!Indian!Point!Nuclear!Plant!In! New!York!Sends!Smoke!Into!The!Air! Group&or&individual&activities& If!you’ve!ever!wondered!how!the!San!Francisco!Bay! Area!gets!its!electrical!power,!now!is!the!Cme!to! find!out.! First!locate!the!sources!of!power!that!provide! electricity!to!your!community.!Document!the! sources!of!the!power,!i.e.,!nuclear,!hydroelectric,! solar,!wind,!etc.,!and!what!percentage!of!your! power!comes!from!each!source.!Then!answer!these! quesCons:!

56! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! The)True)Cost) taking!the!lives!of!more!than!1,000!people!and! severely!injuring!thousands!more.!At!the!Cme!of! the!collapse,!the!factory!was!making!clothes!for! major!western!brands.!I!soon!learned!that!this!was! not!an!isolated!tragedy.! Growing!up!in!America,!I!never!gave!much! thought!to!where!my!clothes!came!from.!But!as!I! began!learning!more!about!the!people!and!places! behind!the!labels!in!my!closet,!I!was!shocked!by! what!I!found.!Clothing!is!the!most!laborfdependent! industry!in!the!world,!employing!millions!of!the! world’s!poorest!workers,!many!of!which!are! About&the&)ilm& women.!Many!of!these!women!are!paid!less!than!a! living!wage,!work!in!unsafe!condiCons,!and!are! 92!mins.! deprived!of!basic!human!rights.!In!addiCon!to!the! Director/Screenwriter!Andrew$Morgan human!impact,!fashion!is!now!the!number!two! Producers!Michael$Ross,$Livia$Firth,$Lucy$Siegle most!polluCng!industry!on!earth—second!only!to! Editor!Michael$Ross oil.! Cast!Stella$McCartney,$Vandava$Shiva! Today,!we!are!outsourcing!more,!consuming! This!is!a!story!about!clothing.!It’s!about!the! more!(in!the!US!a!500%!clothing!consumpCon! clothes!we!wear,!the!people!who!make!them,!and! increase!in!the!last!two!decades!alone),!using!more! the!impact!the!industry!is!having!on!our!world.!The! resources,!and!paying!less!than!we!have!at!any! price!of!clothing!has!been!decreasing!for!decades,! previous!Cme!in!history.!At!the!same!Cme,!there!are! while!the!human!and!environmental!costs!have! record!high!numbers!of!worker!casualCes!in! grown!dramaCcally.!The$True$Cost!is!a! factories,!and!a!fundamentally!unsustainable! groundbreaking!documentary!film!that!pulls!back! growing!toll!on!the!environment.! the!curtain!on!the!untold!story!and!asks!us!to! What!kind!of!world!will!we!create!now!that!we! consider,!who!really!pays!the!price!for!our!clothing?! are!beginning!to!see!the!cost!of!our!acCons?!In!a! Filmed!in!countries!all!over!the!world,!from!the! Cme!where!our!impact!on!people!and!the!world!is! brightest!runways!to!the!darkest!slums,!and! measured!in!real!Cme,!will!we!choose!to!create!new! featuring!interviews!with!the!world’s!leading! systems!to!alleviate!this!pressure?! influencers!including!Stella!McCartney,!Livia!Firth,! and!Vandana!Shiva,!The$True$Cost!is!an! These!quesCons,!and!the!grave!implicaCons!of! unprecedented!project!that!invites!us!on!an!eye! the!answers,!led!me!to!direct!The$True$Cost.!A! opening!journey!around!the!world!and!into!the!lives! global!documentary!that!explores!the!fashion! of!the!many!people!and!places!behind!our!clothes.!! industry!around!the!world,!examining!where!we! are,!how!we!got!here,!and!how!we!can!create!a! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3162938/?ref_=nv_sr_1, h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3162938/fullcredits? be_er!future!moving!forward.!For!too!long!now,! ref_=__ov_st_sm! conversaCon!around!this!topic!has!suffered!from! overfsimplified!blame!games.!PoliCcal!and! Director’s)statement) economic!complexiCes!have!allowed!us!to!miss! I!was!gevng!my!coffee!one!morning!when!I!saw! what!is!unavoidably!clear—that!this!is!first!and! a!photograph!on!the!cover!of!a!newspaper!that! foremost!a!moral!issue.!There!is!consistent! instantly!broke!my!heart.!The!image!was!of!two! irresponsible!care!of!the!environment,!and!clear! boys!walking!past!a!giant!wall!of!missingfpersons! violaCons!of!the!most!basic!human!rights.!But!this!is! signs.!Picking!it!up,!I!read!the!story!of!the!clothing! something!we!can!and!must!change.! factory!collapse!outside!of!Dhaka,!Bangladesh,!! 57! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

The!eyes!of!the!world!are!opening,!and!I!believe! in!producing!films!that!will!make!a!difference!in!the! history!is!giving!us!this!moment!to!choose!a!be_er! world.!Michael!is!a!graduate!of!Florida!State! path.!Human!progress!moves!forward!when!those! University!where!he!majored!in!media!producCon! who!have!a!voice!use!it!on!behalf!of!those!who!do! and!business.! not.!It!moves!forward!when!a!moment!is!seized! Lucy$Siegle,$ExecuKve$Producer,!has!wri_en!a! rather!than!ignored.!And!it!most!certainly!moves! weekly!ethical!living!column!for!The$Observer!since! when!we!decide!that!the!profit!of!some!must!never! 2004,!and!two!books,!including!Green$Living$in$the$ come!from!the!exploitaCon!of!others.!I!hope!with! Urban$Jungle!and!To$Die$For.!!She!has!contributed! all!my!heart!that!this!film!serves!as!a!needed!step!in! to!various!television!and!radio!programs,!including! that!progress.! magazines!Marie$Claire,!Grazia!and!Elle.!!She! reports!and!speaks!about!environmental!issues!on! TV!and!radio,!including!The$5$O’Clock$Show,!Five’s! The$Wright$Stuff,!Sky$News,!and!BBC!Radio!4îs!You$ and$Yours.!Lucy!is!a!current!reporter!for!BBC!One’s! The$One$Show.! Livia$Firth,$ExecuKve$Producer,!is!the!CreaCve! Director!of!EcofAge,!the!sustainability!brand! consultancy!and!founder!of!the!Green!Carpet! Challenge.!As!an!Oxfam!Global!Ambassador,!Livia! has!travelled!to!Ethiopia,!Kenya,!Bangladesh,!and! Zambia,!connecCng!with!the!people!at!the! beginning!of!the!supply!chain.!She!is!also!a!founding! member!of!Annie!Lennox’s!“The!Circle,”!a!powerful! Photo$credit:$New!York!Times$ women’s!advocacy!group.!Livia!is!a!UN!Leader!of! Change!and!has!also!been!recognized!with!the!UN! About&the&)ilmmakers& Fashion!4!Development!Award.!In!2014,!Livia!was! Andrew$Morgan,$Director,!is!an!internaConally! awarded!the!Rainforest!Alliance!Award!for! recognized!director!focused!on!telling!stories!for!a! Outstanding!Achievement!in!Sustainability!and!the! be_er!tomorrow.!His!experience!includes!a!broad! Honorary!Award!of!the!NaConal!German! range!of!work!that!spans!narraCve!and! Sustainability!FoundaCon.!Livia!currently!resides!in! documentary!storytelling!for!both!commercial!and! London!with!her!husband!Colin,!two!children,!one! film!projects.!Aier!studying!cinematography!at!the! cat,!and!four!fish.! Los!Angeles!Film!School!he!went!on!to!coffound! Untold!CreaCve,!a!hybrid!filmmaking!studio!where! he!currently!serves!as!the!creaCve!director.!He!is!a! contribuCng!writer!for!the!Huffington!Post!and! speaks!regularly!on!the!power!of!storytelling!as!a! tool!in!the!ongoing!fight!for!human!rights!around! the!world.!Andrew!lives!in!LA!with!his!wife!Emily! and!their!four!children.! Michael$Ross,$Producer,!has!worked!as!a! creaCve!producer!and!project!coordinator!in!film! and!adverCsing.!Beginning!his!career!in!journalism! at!local!staCons!in!Florida,!before!going!on!to! Mirada!Studios!where!he!worked!on!award!winning! adverCsing!for!clients!including!Disney,!Expedia,! IBM,!and!AT&T.!He!has!a!passion!for!leading!others! Michael$Ross,$Emily$Firth,$Andrew$and$Emily$Morgan$ 58! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! About&the&issues& Brands$ Global!fashion!brands!are!bigger!than!ever! Human)rights) before!and!with!annual!revenues!in!the!billions,! h_p://truecostmovie.com/learnfmore/humanfrights/! they!are!now!part!of!an!almost!3!trillion!dollar!a! Who$makes$our$clothing?$ year!industry.!These!brands!are!conCnuing!to! hugely!profit!from!their!use!of!cheaper!labor!in! We!are!increasingly!disconnected!from!the! foreign!countries.!They!also!represent!a!great! people!who!make!our!clothing!as!97%!of!items!are! opportunity!for!change,!to!use!their!influence!to! now!made!overseas.!There!are!roughly!40!million! benefit!their!workers.!As!customers!in!an! garment!workers!in!the!world!today;!many!of!whom! increasingly!disconnected!world,!it!is!important!that! do!not!share!the!same!rights!or!protecCons!that! we!feel!connected!to!the!workers!who!make!our! many!people!in!the!West!do.!They!are!some!of!the! clothes,!as!well!as!inform!brands!that!we!care!about! lowest!paid!workers!in!the!world!and!roughly!85%! these!people!and!their!voice.! of!all!garment!workers!are!women.!The!human! factor!of!the!garment!industry!is!too!big!to!ignore;! Learn!about!Be_er!Work,!part!of!the!InternaConal! as!we!consistently!see!the!exploitaCon!of!cheap! Labour!OrganizaCon! labor!and!the!violaCon!of!workers’,!women’s,!and! Environmental)impact) human!rights!in!many!developing!countries!across! the!world.! h_p://truecostmovie.com/learnfmore/environmentalfimpact/! Disposable$clothing$ The!world!now!consumes!about!80!billion!new! pieces!of!clothing!every!year.!This!is!400%!more! than!the!amount!we!consumed!just!two!decades! ago.!As!new!clothing!comes!into!our!lives,!we!also! discard!it!at!a!shocking!pace.!The!average!American! now!generates!82!pounds!of!texCle!waste!each! year.!That!adds!up!to!more!than!11!million!tons!of! texCle!waste!from!the!U.S.!alone.!Historically,! clothing!has!been!something!we!have!held!onto!for! a!long!Cme,!but!with!cheap!clothing!now! Learn!about!Fashion!RevoluCon! abundantly!available!we!are!beginning!to!see!the! GlobalizaKon$ things!we!wear!as!disposable.! The!fashion!industry!represents!one!of!the! Interview!with!Livia!Firth,!creaCve!director!for!EcofAge,! biggest!connecCon!points!for!millions!of!people! on!“fast!fashion”! across!the!world,!spanning!from!agriculture!and! CoIon$ manufacturing!to!retail.!It!has!been!one!of!the! leading!industries!to!capitalize!on!the!new! Co_on!represents!nearly!half!of!the!total!fiber! globalized!world!of!the!21st!century.!It!is!harder!and! used!to!make!clothing!today.!More!than!90%!of!that! harder!to!believe!the!free!market!story!that!a!rising! co_on!is!now!geneCcally!modified,!using!vast! Cde!will!lii!all!boats.!Today!in!2015!we!have!some! amounts!of!water!as!well!as!chemicals.!Co_on! of!the!highest!levels!of!inequality!and! producCon!is!now!responsible!for!18%!of!worldwide! environmental!destrucCon!the!world!has!ever!seen.! pesCcide!use!and!25%!of!total!insecCcide!use.!The! We!must!find!a!way!to!conCnue!to!operate!in!a! largely!untested!impacts!of!these!chemicals!on!both! globalized!world!that!also!values!the!people!and! the!land!and!human!health!are!beginning!to!be! planet!that!are!essenCal!to!this!growth.! quesConed!by!those!working!in!the!industry.!As!our! skin!is!the!largest!organ,!these!chemicals!are!passed! Learn!about!War!on!Want! into!the!bloodstream!of!the!people!wearing!these! clothes.! 59! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Interview!with!Larhea!Pepper,!organic!co_on!farmer!and! with!producer!groups!who!get!a!fair!share!of!the! founder!of!the!TexCle!Exchange! profits.! Leather$ #4$Detox$your$wardrobe:$ Leather!producCon!is!increasingly!linked!to!a! Fashion!is!the!world’s!second!most!polluCng! variety!of!environmental!and!human!health! industry!aier!oil.!Notably,!Azodyes!are!sCll!the!most! hazards.!The!amount!of!feed,!land,!water!and!fossil! used!syntheCc!dyes!despite!being!toxic.!Ten!percent! fuels!used!to!raise!livestock!for!leather!producCon! of!the!world’s!biggest!fashion!brands!have! come!at!a!huge!cost!to!the!health!of!our!world.!In! commi_ed!to!phasing!out!toxic!substances!through! addiCon!to!raising!the!livestock!needed,!the!leather! Greenpeace’s!Detox!program.!Check!the!list!here.! tanning!process!is!among!the!most!toxic!in!all!of!the! #5$Join$the$Fashion$RevoluKon:$ fashion!supply!chain.!Workers!are!exposed!to! harmful!chemicals!on!the!job,!while!the!waste! Be!the!change!you!want!to!see!in!your! generated!pollutes!natural!water!sources!leading!to! wardrobe!(to!paraphrase!Gandhi).!Fashion! increased!disease!for!surrounding!areas.!Studies! RevoluCon!represents!millions!of!consumers!who! have!found!that!leather!tannery!workers!are!at!a!far! want!change!and!also!commemorates!Rana!Plaza!by! greater!risk!of!cancer,!by!between!20%–50%.! puvng!pressure!on!the!brands!to!increase! transparency!and!empowers!consumers!to!be! Business!of!Fashion!in!conversaCon!with!Stella! inquisiCve!about!#whomadetheirclothes.! McCartney! Five)tips)for)shopping)smarter) By!Lucy!Siegle! #1$Will$you$wear$it$30$Kmes?$ The!rapid!turnover!of!trends!characterizing!Fast! Fashion!means!clothes!are!disposable.!Along!with! the!deflaCon!of!clothing!prices!this!has!put!the! supply!chain!under!unprecedented!pressure!leading! directly!to!outrages!like!Rana!Plaza!and!Tazreen!(the! 2012!Dhaka!fashion!factory!fire!that!killed!over! 100).!Just!asking!yourself!if!you!will!wear!a! prospecCve!item!30!Cmes!is!a!great!place!to!start! shopping!smarter!and!more!intenConal.! A!Guide!to!Buying!Sustainable,!FairfTrade!and!Crueltyf #2$Break$the$cycle:$ Free!Clothing! The!tradiConal!spring/summer!autumn/winter! Group&and&individual&activities& of!internaConal!fashion!weeks!is!just!for!show.!Zara,! the!Spanish!fast!fashion!behemoth,!broke!the!mold,! Download!the!report!from!Greenpeace! introducing!mini!seasons!every!week.!Now!50–100! InternaConal!enCtled!Toxic$Threads![h_p:// new!micro!seasons!a!year!is!the!new!normal.!So! www.greenpeace.org/internaConal/Global/ slow!down!your!fashion!cycle.! internaConal/publicaCons/toxics/Water%202012/ ToxicThreads01.pdf].!While!you!are!encouraged!to! #3$Spread$your$fashion$$:$ look!through!the!enCre!report,!for!this!exercise!look! The!global!fashion!industry!is!worth!$2.5! at!the!chart!on!page!15,!which!lists!wellfknown! trillion.!Shouldn’t!this!be!shared?!Look!for! clothing!makers!and!the!results!from!tesCng!for! producerfcentric!brands!like!American!Apparel,! Nonylphenol!ethoxylates!(NPEs),!a!chemical! Marigold!Clothing,!and!Thompkins!Point,!which! compund!that!is!known!to!reach!around!the!globe! operate!according!to!rigorous!fair!trade!standards! through!waste!water,!landfills,!and!other!means.!!

60! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

“Once!released!to!the!environment,!NPEs! clothing!can!have!on!the!world’s!environment,!from! degrade!to!nonylphenol,!known!to!be!toxic! the!Cme!of!manufacture!through!the!Cme!the! primarily!due!to!being!a!hormone!disruptor,! clothes!you!cast!off!end!up!in!landfill.! persistent!and!bioaccumulaCve!(known!to! accumulate!in!living!organisms).”! !! —Greenpeace!report,!page!14! When!you!are!at!home,!note!the!brands!of!clothing! on!the!list!that!you!currently!own!or!have!owned!in! the!past.!EsCmate!what!percentage!of!your!clothing! from!that!list!is!likely!to!contain!NPEs.! Next!look!at!the!maps!on!pages!16–19.!These!maps! show!graphically!the!number!of!sample!items! tested!by!Greenpeace!and!their!countries!of!origin.! Look!through!your!clothes!and!list!the!countries!in! which!the!clothing!was!made!and!the!number!of! items!per!country!that!you!own.!Using!the!Tfshirt! key,!showing!the!number!of!samples!from!a!country! and!a!breakdown!of!how!many!tested!posiCve!or! negaCve,!esCmate!the!percentage!of!your!clothing! that!may!contain!NPEs.!! For!example,!six!samples!each!were!tested!from! Mexico!and!the!US.!Five!each!had!posiCve!results! and!one!each!had!negaCve!results,!meaning!roughly! 83%!of!those!samples!tested!posiCve!for!NPEs.!Four! samples!from!Canada!were!tested,!and!three!out!of! the!four!tested!posiCve!for!NPEs,!for!75%.!If!all!of! your!clothing!came!from!those!three!countries,!you! could!use!the!percentage!figures!from!Greenpeace’s! tests!and!the!number!of!items!from!each!country! you!own!to!figure!out!your!percentage.!

Back!at!school,!compare!results!with!your! classmates!and!discuss!the!detrimental!effects!your!

61! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

FrustraCon!is!growing!and!ciCes!need!to!look!into! Bikes)vs)Cars) new!models.! The!new!urban!biking!is!pushing!this! development.!It’s!a!growing!movement,!which!I’ve! now!seen!around!the!world.!People!who!simply!put! a!sign!on!their!bike!saying!“ONE!LESS!CAR.”!A!DofItf Yourself!avtude!towards!a!global!crisis.! It’s!a!posiCve!message.!If!all!ciCes!adopted!the! model!of!Copenhagen,!where!forty!percent! commute!within!the!city!on!bikes,!it!would!be!a! radical!change!for!the!world.!Something!you!can! measure!in!health,!polluCon,!oil!usage.! And!now!the!conflict:!The!car!industry!is!in!the! center!of!our!economic!system.!For!the!car!owners! and!commuters!that!have!become!so!invested!in! their!lifestyle,!it!will!be!painful!to!change.!It’s!a! conflict!that!interests!me,!and!that!is!why!I’ve! decided!to!take!on!this!project.!A!project!of!passion.! —Fredrik!Ger_en!

About&the&)ilm& 90!mins.! Director/Screenwriter!Fredrik$GerIen Producers!Susy$Garciasalas$Barkley,$Fredrik$ GerIen,$Margarete$Jangård,$Elin$Kamlert Cinematographer!Janice$D'Avila Editors!Benjamin$Binderup,$Sascha$Fülscher,$ ! Morten$Giese,$Klaus$Heinecke,$Phil$Jandaly Director$Fredrick$Gerden$ Cast!Aline$Cavalcante,$Dan$Koeppel! h_p://www.bikesfvsfcars.com/directors_note! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_4397346/?ref_=rvi__! Why)cyclists)Oind)it)hard)to)save)the) Bikes$vs$Cars!is!a!documentary!about!the!bike! world:)Bikes)vs)Cars)) and!what!an!amazing!tool!for!change!it!can!be.!It! highlights!a!conflict!in!city!planning!between!bikes,! “It’s!not!a!war,!it’s!a!city”!the!young!bike!acCvist! cars,!and!a!growing!reliance!on!fossil!fuels.! Aline!Cavalcante!states,!referring!to!San!Paolo,!her! adopCve!city.!But!sCll!in!the!Brazilian!metropolis,!as! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_4397346/?ref_=rvi__! in!many!other!places!in!the!world,!there!are! Director’s)note) casualCes!on!the!roads,!and!people!daily!fight!an! uneven!ba_le!aimed!to!ensure!cyclists’!safety! Born!in!a!city![Copenhagen]!where!the!bike!is! against!forces!that!seem!unstoppable.! the!natural!choice!for!going!from!one!place!to! another,!I’ve!travelled!the!world!wondering!why! “Bikes!vs!Cars,”!a!documentary!by!the!Swedish! there!are!so!few!bicycles.!Now,!the!car!model!as!we! director!Fredrik!Ger_en,!is!focused!on!this! know!it!has!reached!an!extreme!level!with!constant! important!issue:!Bikes!can!be!the!key!to!solve! gridlock!and!millions!of!producCve!hours!lost.! enormous!problems!related!to!traffic,!polluCon!or! 62! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! global!warming,!but!strong!economic!powers! enough,!other!people!would!idenCfy!with!them!and! exerCng!pressure!on!both!poliCcs!and!media!are! it!would!be!a!more!emoConal!story.”! tackling!the!transiCon!to!a!possible!new!system.! Aier!all,!the!incredible!power!of!cinema!is! “The!car!industries!invest!a!lot!of!money!to! nothing!but!this:!“the!combinaCon!of!emoCon!and! protect!their!own!sick!business!and!invest!billions!of! informaCon.!SomeCmes!in!journalism!there!is!lot!of! dollars!into!not!to!make!the!world!be_er,!even!if!we! informaCon!…!But!in!films,!if!you!do!it!well,!you!can! know!that!we!need!to,”!the!director!tells!us,!kindly! package!informaCon!in!a!way!so!that!it!really!goes! answering!some!quesCons!about!the!premises!and! to!people’s!hearts.!That!informaCon!will!be!stronger! goals!of!his!film.!“There!is!a!bike!movement!but!it! and!people!will!hopefully!not!forget!it!so!quick,!it! has!strong!enemies,!and!they!oien!are!enemies! will!stay!deeper!in!people.!That’s!what!cinema!can.!I! that!say!they!are!friends.!If!we!want!to!change!the! think!that’s!also!why!documentary!film!is!so! world,!we!need!to!know!that!these!powerful!people! successful!all!over!the!world!now.!Documentary!film! with!all!their!lobby!money!and!their!publicity!…! is!adding!something!to!normal!tv!or!normal! they!don’t!want!to!change!the!world,!they!want!to! journalism.”! keep!going!like!they!have!always!been!doing.”!If!we! For!its!direct!and!purposeful!style,!along!with! need!a!recent!example,!here!is!one:!“If!I!had!this! the!modernity!and!the!urgency!of!the!chosen! Volkswagen!story*!before!I!made!the!film,!it!would! topics,!“Bikes!vs!Cars”!is!collecCng!several!awards!in! be!in!there!of!course,!because!it’s!such!a!crazy! many!presCgious!internaConal!fesCvals.!The!Green! story!”! Film!Network!is!no!excepCon.!As!a!ma_er!of!fact,! the!film!received!the!Best!Feature!Award!at!San! Francisco!Green!Film!FesCval!2015!and!the!Grand! Prize!for!Best!InternaConal!Documentary!at! Cinemambiente!Environmental!Film!FesCval!“for!its! fresh!look!at!a!dilemma!many!people!face!every! day.!It!makes!you!want!to!drive!less!and!become! part!of!the!change.”!A!change!that!moves!forward!…! by!bicycle!of!course!! *VW!admits!to!fraud!with!11!million!cars! h_p://greenfilmnet.org/whyfcyclistsffindfitfhardftofsavefthef worldfbikesfvsfcars/! ! Volkswagen$has$admided$that$up$to$11$million$diesel$cars$ About&the&issues& worldwide$are$fided$with$devices$that$can$switch$on$pollu;on$ Urban)Transport)Challenges) controls$when$they$detect$the$car$is$undergoing$tes;ng$ This!is!a!really!tough,!weighty!challenge!for!all! Geography!of!Transport!Systems!by!Dr.!JeanfPaul! the!people!in!the!documentary,!who!present!their! Rodrigue! personal!experience!on!the!roads!of!different!ciCes! Urban$TransportaKon$at$the$Crossroads$ from!different!places!all!around!the!world!to!the! CiCes!are!locaCons!having!a!high!level!of! audience!of!potenCal!allies.!“I!believe!in!having! accumulaCon!and!concentraCon!of!economic! small!stories!which!tell!a!bigger!story,!that!is!to!say! acCviCes!and!are!complex!spaCal!structures!that!are! small!stories!with!a!global!aspect.!So!all!the!people! supported!by!transport!systems.!The!larger!the!city,! in!this!film!could!have!been!someone!else!in! the!greater!its!complexity!and!the!potenCal!for! another!city,!but!these!people!represent!everyone.! disrupCons,!parCcularly!when!this!complexity!is!not! Even!if!Aline!is!in!San!Paolo,!she!could!have!been! effecCvely!managed.!The!most!important!transport! another!woman,!in!Torino!for!example,!making!the! problems!are!oien!related!to!urban!areas!and!take! same!fight.!If!you!can!find!people!who!are!strong! place!when!transport!systems,!for!a!variety!of! reasons,!cannot!saCsfy!the!numerous!requirements! 63! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! of!urban!mobility.!Urban!producCvity!is!highly! workplace.!An!important!factor!behind!this!trend! dependent!on!the!efficiency!of!its!transport!system! is!related!to!residenCal!affordability!as!housing! to!move!labor,!consumers,!and!freight!between! located!further!away!from!central!areas!(where! mulCple!origins!and!desCnaCons.!AddiConally,! most!of!the!employment!remains)!is!more! important!transport!terminals!such!as!ports,! affordable.!Therefore,!commuters!are!trading! airports,!and!railyards!are!located!within!urban! Cme!for!housing!affordability.!However,!long! areas,!contribuCng!to!a!specific!array!of!problems.! commuCng!is!linked!with!several!social!problems,! Some!problems!are!ancient,!like!congesCon!(which! such!as!isolaCon,!as!well!as!poorer!health! plagued!ciCes!such!as!Rome),!while!others!are!new,! (obesity).! like!urban!freight!distribuCon!or!environmental! • Public$transport$inadequacy.!Many!public!transit! impacts.!Among!the!most!notable!urban!transport! systems,!or!parts!of!them,!are!either!over!or! problems!are:! under!used.!During!peak!hours,!crowdedness! creates!discomfort!for!users!as!the!system!copes! with!a!temporary!surge!in!demand.!Low!ridership! makes!many!services!financially!unsustainable,! parCcularly!in!suburban!areas.!In!spite!of! significant!subsidies!and!crossffinancing!(e.g.,! tolls)!almost!every!public!transit!system!cannot! generate!sufficient!income!to!cover!its!operaCng! and!capital!costs.!While!in!the!past!deficits!were! deemed!acceptable!because!of!the!essenCal! service!public!transit!was!providing!for!urban! mobility,!its!financial!burden!is!increasingly! ! controversial.! • Traffic$congesKon$and$parking$difficulKes.! • DifficulKes$for$non_motorized$transport.!These! CongesCon!is!one!of!the!most!prevalent!transport! difficulCes!are!either!the!outcome!of!intense! problems!in!large!urban!agglomeraCons,!usually! traffic,!where!the!mobility!of!pedestrians,! above!a!threshold!of!about!1!million!inhabitants.! bicycles,!and!vehicles!is!impaired,!but!also! It!is!parCcularly!linked!with!motorizaCon!and!the! because!of!a!blatant!lack!of!consideraCon!for! diffusion!of!the!automobile,!which!has!increased! pedestrians!and!bicycles!in!the!physical!design!of! the!demand!for!transport!infrastructures.! infrastructures!and!faciliCes.! However,!the!supply!of!infrastructures!has!oien! • Loss$of$public$space.!The!majority!of!roads!are! not!been!able!to!keep!up!with!the!growth!of! publicly!owned!and!free!of!access.!Increased! mobility.!Since!vehicles!spend!the!majority!of!the! traffic!has!adverse!impacts!on!public!acCviCes! Cme!parked,!motorizaCon!has!expanded!the! which!once!crowded!the!streets!such!as!markets,! demand!for!parking!space,!which!has!created! agoras,!parades!and!processions,!games,!and! space!consumpCon!problems!parCcularly!in! community!interacCons.!These!have!gradually! central!areas;!the!spaCal!imprint!of!parked! disappeared!to!be!replaced!by!automobiles.!In! vehicles!is!significant.!CongesCon!and!parking!are! many!cases,!these!acCviCes!have!shiied!to! also!interrelated!since!looking!for!a!parking!space! shopping!malls!while!in!other!cases,!they!have! (called!“cruising”)!creates!addiConal!delays!and! been!abandoned!altogether.!Traffic!flows! impairs!local!circulaCon.!In!central!areas!of!large! influence!the!life!and!interacCons!of!residents!and! ciCes!cruising!may!account!for!more!than!10%!of! their!usage!of!street!space.!More!traffic!impedes! the!local!circulaCon!as!drivers!can!spend!20! social!interacCons!and!street!acCviCes.!People! minutes!looking!for!a!parking!spot.!…! tend!to!walk!and!cycle!less!when!traffic!is!high.! • Longer$commuKng.!On!par!with!congesCon! • High$maintenance$costs.!CiCes!with!an!aging! people!are!spending!an!increasing!amount!of!Cme! transport!infrastructure!are!facing!growing! commuCng!between!their!residence!and! 64! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

maintenance!costs!as!well!as!pressures!to! Many!dimensions!to!the!urban!transport! upgrade!to!more!modern!infrastructure.!In! challenge!are!linked!with!the!dominance$of$the$ addiCon!to!the!involved!costs,!maintenance!and! automobile.!…! repair!acCviCes!create!circulaCon!disrupCons.! There!are!indicaCons!that!public!transit!is! Delayed!maintenance!is!rather!common!since!it! reassessing!its!role!in!socieCes!with!high!levels!of! conveys!the!benefit!of!keeping!current!costs!low,! automobile!dependency.!The!rise!in!petroleum! but!at!the!expense!of!higher!future!costs!and!on! prices!since!2006!has!increased!the!cost!of!vehicle! some!occasion!the!risk!of!infrastructure!failure.! ownership!and!operaCon.!A!younger!generaCon!is! The!more!extensive!the!road!and!highway! perceiving!the!automobile!as!a!less!a_racCve! network,!the!higher!the!maintenance!cost!and!the! proposiCon!than!the!prior!generaCons!and!is!more! financial!burden.! willing!to!use!public!transit!and!live!in!higher! • Environmental$impacts$and$energy$consumpKon.! density!areas.!Electronic!fare!systems!are!also! PolluCon,!including!noise,!generated!by! making!the!uClizaCon!of!public!transit!more! circulaCon!has!become!a!serious!impediment!to! convenient.!A!recent!trend!concerns!the!usage!of! the!quality!of!life!and!even!the!health!of!urban! incenCves,!such!as!point!systems!(e.g.,!air!miles! populaCons.!Further,!energy!consumpCon!by! with!purchase!of!a!monthly!pass)!to!further! urban!transportaCon!has!dramaCcally!increased! promote!the!use!of!public!transit!and!to!influence! and!so!the!dependency!on!petroleum.!Yet,!peak! consumer!behavior.!Yet,!evidence!underlines!that! oil!consideraCons!are!increasingly!linked!with! the!inflaConfadjusted!cost!of!using!public!transit!is! peak!mobility!expectaCons!where!high!energy! increasing,!implying!that!the!cost!advantage!of! prices!incite!a!shii!towards!more!efficient!and! using!public!transit!instead!of!the!automobile!is!not! sustainable!forms!of!urban!transportaCon,!namely! changing.! public!transit.! h_ps://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/ • Accidents$and$safety.!Growing!traffic!in!urban! ch6c4en.html! areas!is!linked!with!a!growing!number!of! Cycling)Activists)Build)Bamboo)Car) accidents!and!fataliCes,!especially!in!developing! Skeletons)to)Demonstrate)Space)Taken) countries.!Accidents!account!for!a!significant! share!of!recurring!delays.!As!traffic!increases,! by)Single)Occupancy)Cars) people!feel!less!safe!to!use!the!streets.! Collosal.com,!October!14,!2014 By!Christopher!Jobson! • Land$consumpKon.!The!territorial!imprint!of! transportaCon!is!significant,!parCcularly!for!the! automobile.!Between!30!and!60%!of!a! metropolitan!area!may!be!devoted!to! transportaCon,!an!outcome!of!the!overfreliance! on!some!forms!of!urban!transportaCon.!Yet,!this! land!consumpCon!also!underlines!the!strategic! importance!of!transportaCon!in!the!economic!and! social!welfare!of!ciCes.! • Freight$distribuKon.!GlobalizaCon!and!the! materializaCon!of!the!economy!have!resulted!in! growing!quanCCes!of!freight!moving!within!ciCes.! As!freight!traffic!commonly!shares!infrastructures! ! with!the!circulaCon!of!passengers,!the!mobility!of! Bamboo!cars!in!Riga,!Latvia! freight!in!urban!areas!has!become!increasingly! A!few!Latvian!acCvists!from!a!branch!of!the! problemaCc.!City!logisCcs!strategies!can!be! bicycle!advocacy!group!Let’s!Bike!It!recently!created! established!to!miCgate!the!variety!of!challenges! a!visual!reminder!of!the!space!taken!by!cars!on!a! faced!by!urban!freight!distribuCon.! typical!road.!To!accomplish!this,!the!group! 65! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! fabricated!bamboo!skeletons!shaped!like!actual!cars! so!many!arguments,!and!allies,!for!claiming!its! and!mounted!them!on!their!bikes.!The!acCvists! natural!niche!in!urban!transportaCon!ecosystems.! then!cycled!around!the!streets!of!Riga!for!several! Cycling!rates!vary!dramaCcally!around!the! hours!to!highlight!the!absurdity!of!using!a!large!car! world,!from!1!to!25!percent!of!trips!at!the!naConal! to!move!a!single!person.!The!stunt!was!organized!as! level!to!nearly!40!percent!of!trips!in!some!ciCes.!In! part!of!European!Mobility!Week,!an!ongoing! decades!past,!the!line!between!high!and!low!cycling! campaign!that!explores!sustainable!urban!mobility! rates!seemed!to!be!drawn!by!industrializaCon:!As! around!Europe.!! the!automobile!became!the!dominant!mode!of! h_p://www.thisiscolossal.com/2014/10/letsfbikefitfbamboof transport!in!industrialized!countries!over!the!course! carfskeletons/! of!the!twenCeth!century,!the!bicycle!was! Power)to)the)Pedals) increasingly!abandoned.!Indeed,!the!anCfbicycling! pa_ern!conCnues!today!in!rapidly!industrializing! Worldwatch!InsCtute,!July/August!2010 countries!such!as!China—once!dubbed!the!“Bicycle! By!Gary!Gardner! Kingdom”—where!official!transportaCon!policies! Aker$decades$of$trial$and$error,$the$ingredients$for$ oien!displace!bikes!and!pedestrians!in!favor!of!cars.! robust$urban$cycling$cultures$are$becoming$clear.$ (In!truth,!however,!many!Chinese!ciCes!sCll!have! very!high!cycling!rates!by!world!standards).! Early!this!decade,!Parisian!city!planners! grappling!with!traffic!congesCon,!air!polluCon,!and! other!challenges!ventured!outside!the!box.!They! were!well!aware!that!tradiConal!transportaCon! remedies!such!as!widened!roads!and!expanded! parking!typically!relieve!congesCon!in!the!short! term!but!seed!even!greater!longterm!crowding! while!worsening!polluCon!and!carbon!emissions.!So! they!decided!to!use!bicycles—some!20,000!of! them,!sca_ered!across!the!city!at!metro!stops!and! ! other!convenient!locaCons—to!extend!the!reach!of! the!Paris!public!transport!system!and!to!provide! The$Rise$of$Bicycling$in$Smaller$and$Midsize$U.S.$Ci;es$ inexpensive,!healthy!transportaCon!for!short!trips.! But!a!closer!look!reveals!that!the!fault!line! Not!your!father’s!transit!plan,!to!be!sure,!but!Paris’s! between!cycling!and!noncycling!countries!or!ciCes!is! public!bike!iniCaCve!symbolizes!the!new!respect! created!not!by!industrializaCon,!but!by! bicycles!are!gevng!in!a!growing!number!of! transportaCon!policies.!Research!by!cycling!analysts! municipal!governments!worldwide.! John!Pucher!of!Rutgers!University!and!Ralph! Public!bike!programs!are!just!one!of!many!bikef Buehler!of!Virginia!Tech!University!reveals!that! centered!tools!used!by!city!leaders!to!address!a! some!of!the!world’s!highest!rates!of!urban!cycling! wide!range!of!urban!challenges:!to!relieve! are!found!in!highly!industrialized!northern!Europe.! congesCon!and!reduce!carbon!emissions,!of!course,! In!the!Netherlands,!Denmark,!and!Germany!in! but!also!to!raise!the!fitness!level!of!ciCzens,! parCcular,!a!number!of!ciCes!boast!cycling!rates!of! improve!the!quality!of!neighborhood!life,!and! greater!than!20!percent,!and!even!30!percent,!of! relieve!pressure!on!municipal!budgets.!Advances!in! urban!trips!(compared!with!about!1!percent!of!trips! cycling!infrastructure,!markeCng!programs,!financial! in!most!U.S.!and!Australian!ciCes).!Amsterdam!is!a! incenCves,!and!zoning!are!being!leveraged!to! standout,!with!38!percent!of!all!trips!made!by! increase!cycling!rates!in!more!and!more!ciCes,!most! bicycle!in!2008.!Half!of!Amsterdam’s!residents!ride! notably!in!Europe!but!also!in!the!United!States,! a!bike!daily,!85!percent!ride!at!least!once!a!week,! Colombia,!Australia,!and!China.!Not!since!the! and!remarkably,!people!over!65!use!bicycles!for! automobile!hijacked!transportaCon!planning! onefquarter!of!all!trips.! decades!ago!in!ciCes!worldwide!has!the!bicycle!had!

66! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Far!from!being!a!marginal!transportaCon! San!Francisco!Bay!area,!Boston,!Columbus!and! opCon,!the!bicycle!plays!a!major!and!criCcal!role!in! Cha_anooga,!as!well!as!Melbourne,!Australia.! urban!transport!in!many!ciCes!of!northern!Europe.! B!Cycle,!a!joint!venture!of!the!Trek!Bicycle!Corp,! The!Amsterdam!case!also!demonstrates!the!power! healthcare!provider!Humana!and!markeCng!agency! of!profcycling!policies.!Although!the!city!has!a!long! Crispin!Porter!+!Bogusky,!manages!systems!in!about! tradiCon!of!cycling,!its!cycling!rate!fell!from!55! 30!ciCes,!including!Denver,!Houston,!Kansas!City,! percent!aier!World!War!II!to!25!percent!in!the! Madison!and!Boulder,!as!well!as!SanCago,!Chile.! 1960s!as!suburbanizaCon!led!to!increasing!rates!of! car!ownership.!But!as!the!city!adopted!a!series!of! Together,!they!have!made!bikefsharing!one!of! profcycling!policies!in!the!1970s!and!thereaier— America’s!fastest!growing!“green”!businesses.!“Bike! from!traffic!calming!and!safe!bikeways!to!secure! sharing!has!experienced!the!fastest!growth!of!any! parking!and!integraCon!of!bicycles!with!public! mode!of!transport!in!the!history!of!the!planet,”! transport—the!cycling!rate!rose!again!to!the!38! according!to!findings!from!the!Earth!Policy!InsCtute.! percent!level!it!enjoys!today.!Encouragingly,!most!of! Bikefsharing!systems!reduce!carbon!emissions,! the!profbiking!policies!employed!by!Amsterdam!are! cut!local!air!polluCon,!make!it!easier!for!people!to! not!uniquely!suited!to!that!city,!but!can!be,!and!are! get!exercise!and,!importantly,!build!poliCcal!support! being,!adopted!for!use!in!many!other!places.!…!! for!safe!bicycling!infrastructure.!Some!studies!show! h_p://www.worldwatch.org/node/6456! that!protected!bike!lanes!enhance!retail!sales!and! real!state!values.! But!the!bikefsharing!industry!has!yet!to!answer! a!couple!of!quesCons!that!could!slow!its!growth.! First,!can!bike!sharing!become!a!sustainable! business,!or!will!it!forever!require!taxpayer! support?!Second,!can!it!grow!into!a!naConal! phenomenon!by!a_racCng!more!ridership!in!carf centric,!Sunbelt!ciCes?! CreaKng$the$infrastructure$ Just!as!important!in!the!long!run,!the!popularity! of!bike!sharing!creates!poliCcal!support!for!bicycling! Start]up)bike]sharing)programs)make) infrastructure—dedicated!lanes,!bike!parking!and! the!like—which!enables!safer!cycling!for!everyone.! inroads)in)US)cities)) The!trouble!is,!as!bicyclists!and!bike!lanes! Many$US$ci;es$have$embraced$bikensharing,$but$ compete!for!space!with!cars!and!parking!spots,! with$no$clear$commercial$offerings,$can$it$survive$ bikefsharing!has!provoked!a!backlash.!This!may!be! without$taxpayer$assistance?$$ one!of!the!reasons!why!bikefsharing!as!been!slower! The$Guardian,!March!5,!2014 to!catch!on!in!the!Sunbelt.! By!Marc!Gunther! Alta!Bicycle!Share!has!been!awarded!contracts! As!the!bikefsharing!business!gains!tracCon!in! to!bring!systems!to!Portland,!Sea_le,!BalCmore!and! ciCes!across!America,!two!small!companies,!Alta! Providence—all!older,!northern!ciCes,!and!not!by! Bicycle!Share!of!Portland,!Oregon,!and!BfCycle!of! coincidence.!Bike!sharing!works!best!in!denselyf Madison,!Wisconsin,!are!making!a!big!difference!in! populated!urban!areas!where!public!transit!is! the!lives!of!tens!of!thousands!of!cyclists.! already!part!of!the!fabric!of!life,!Birk!told!me.! Alta!Bicycle!Share!operates!bikefsharing! In!New!York,!Chicago!and!Washington,!people! systems!in!partnership!with!local!governments!in! “don’t!think!of!the!car!as!primary.!They!think!of!cars! eight!ciCes:!New!York,!Washington!DC,!Chicago,!the! as!part!of!a!tool!kit,”!she!said.!Washington!might!be! the!ideal!bike!sharing!city,!with!its!young!and! 67! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! educated!populaCon,!relaCvely!flat!terrain,! According!to!a!study!commissioned!by!the! neighborhoods!that!remain!vibrant!outside!of! InsCtute!of!Health!and!Sustainability,!4,655!people! working!hours!and!big!tourist!market.! died!as!a!result!of!air!polluCon!in!São!Paulo!in!2011.! In!that!same!Cme!period,!traffic!fataliCes!accounted! By!contrast,!bike!sharing!has!been!slower!to! for!1,556!deaths.!The!study!also!points!out!that! catch!on!in!the!Sunbelt!despite!favorable!weather! polluCon!contributed!to!over!twice!as!many!deaths! condiCons.!Los!Angeles!and!Dallas!have!yet!to! that!year!than!both!Aids!(874)!and!breast!cancer! launch.!Other!systems!are!smaller,!and!thus!less! (1,277)!combined.! useful.!Put!together!all!the!bikes!and!staCons!in! Houston,!Fort!Worth!and!San!Antonio!and!they! can’t!match!Chicago’s!Divvy!system,!with!its!400! staCons!and!4,000!bikes.!(Fun!fact:!the!world’s! largest!bikefsharing!systems,!in!Wuhan!in!central! China!and!Hangzou!on!the!east!coast,!have!around! 90,000!and!70,000!bikes,!respecCvely.)!…! What!makes!modern!bikefsharing!possible!is! digital!technology—the!ability!for!system!operators! to!idenCfy!and!track!bikes!as!they!move!around,! and!to!rebalance!the!system!so!the!supply!of!bikes! and!empty!docks!is!able!to!meet!demand,!at!least! most!of!the!Cme.!Cyclists,!meanwhile,!can!open! userffriendly!apps!on!their!mobile!phones!to!see! ! where!bikes!and!docks!are!available.! Polluted$skies$of$Sao$Paulo$ “The!mobile!technology!has!really!been!a!game! São!Paulo!air!polluCon!parCculates!average!20! changer,”!Birk!said.!The!bankruptcy!of!a!Canadian! to!25!micrograms!per!cubic!meter;!over!twice!what! company!that!provides!soiware!for!bikefsharing! is!deemed!safe!by!the!World!Health!OrganizaCon.! soiware!won’t!affect!current!or!future!operaCons,! she!said.!…! Across!the!enCre!state!of!São!Paulo,!air! polluCon!has!been!cited!as!responsible!for!the! h_p://www.theguardian.com/sustainablefbusiness/bikef sharingfprogramsfusfciCesfgreenftransport! deaths!of!nearly!100,000!people!from!2006!to!2011! from!respiratory!illness.!As!more!cars!are!added!to! Air)pollution)in)São)Paulo)kills)more) the!road,!and!likewise!more!people!move!into!the! people)than)car)accidents,)breast) dense!urban!centers,!that!number!is!likely!to!rise— cancer,)and)AIDS)combined) both!in!Brazil,!and!throughout!the!world.! Treehugger,!September!24,!2013 Small&group&or&class&activities& By!Stephen!Messenger! As!members!of!the!“millennial”!generaCon,!you!are! In!the!sprawling!metropolis!of!São!Paulo,!Brazil,! in!a!unique!posiCon!to!direct!the!course!of! home!to!20!million!people!and!a!lackluster!public! transportaCon.!As!noted!in!the!arCcle!on!bike! transportaCon!system,!fighCng!through!road!traffic! sharing,!mobile!communicaCon!gives!you!the!edge! is!a!part!of!everyday!life!for!commuters.!With!some! over!all!previous!generaCons!to!make!a!true! 7!million!vehicles!already!clogging!city!streets,!and! paradigm!shii!in!how!people!will!travel!from!one! about!a!thousand!more!being!added!daily,!it's!not! place!to!another—a!shii!away!from!oil! surprising!that!São!Paulo!offers!a!troubling!example! dependence,!polluCon,!traffic!jams,!and!the!stress! of!how!deadly!car!culture!can!be.! those!current!ills!cause!billions!in!the!world.! But!while!annual!deaths!from!traffic!accidents!is! But!how!will!you!do!it?!This!is!your!opportunity!to! quite!high,!it!actually!pales!in!comparison!to! figuraCvely!stretch!your!wings!and!devise!a!picture! another!way!cars!are!killing!people—from!polluCon.! of!the!world!you!want!to!live!in!as!an!adult—a! 68! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! world!you!might!just!want!to!pass!along!to!future! generaCons.! There!are!many!areas!you!can!point!to!that!need!a! change!from!the!way!things!are!and,!as!some!argue,! have!always!been—which!is!used!as!a!reason!for! maintaining!the!status!quo.!For!the!sake!of!this! exercise,!focus!on!transportaCon!in!the!Bay!Area.! The!best!place!to!start!making!changes!is!the!place! you!know!best.! Divide!into!small!groups!and!choose!facets!of!the! massive!topic!of!transportaCon!for!each!group!to! focus!on.!While!it!would!be!nice!to!envision!a!world! where!all!transportaCon!can!be!effected!through! public!means,!bicycles,!and!walking,!but!pracCcality! dictates!that!individuals!will!always!have!some!need! to!move!out!of!their!neighborhood!independently,! so!keep!personal!vehicles!as!one!facet!in!the! scheme,!but!you!can!decide!how!much!weight! personal!vehicles!will!have!in!your!transportaCon! future.! If!you!like,!this!can!become!a!subject!for!debates!in! you!classroom,!with!one!side!arguing!for!a! conCnuaCon!of!our!current!modes!of!travel!(for! those!oifused!reasons!like!the!American! independent!ways!of!doing!things,!the!freedom!to! pollute,!etc.)!and!the!other!proposing!and!arguing! for!a!radical!shii!in!percepCon!and!expectaCons.! Have!fun!!It’s!going!to!be!your!world!before!you! know!it!!

69! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! PlantPure)Nation) benefits!of!a!plantfbased!diet,!they!inadvertently! set!in!moCon!a!series!of!events!that!expose! powerful!forces!opposed!to!the!diet.!When!industry! lobbyists!kill!the!pilot!program,!Dr.!Campbell’s! oldest!son!Nelson!decides!to!try!his!own!grassroots! approach!in!his!hometown!of!Mebane,!North! Carolina.!Beyond!Mebane,!PlantPure$Na;on! explores!the!topical!issues!of!the!small!family! farmer,!food!deserts,!modern!medicine!and!the! challenges!of!gevng!plantfbased!nutriCon!included! in!the!poliCcal!process.!In!his!groundbreaking!2004! book,!The$China$Study,!as!well!as!in!the!film!Forks$ Over$Knives,!Dr.!Campbell!detailed!the!weight!of! scienCfic!evidence!that!a!whole!foods!plantfbased! diet!can!prevent!and!even!reverse!some!of!the!most! deadly!health!condiCons!such!as!heart!disease,! diabetes!and!cancer.!In!PlantPure$Na;on,!he!goes! even!further,!offering!an!eyefopening!look!at!the! American!health!industry!that!just!might!help!save! your!life!!! h_ps://loicinema.com/film/plantpurefnaCon/! Reviews)of)PlantPure&Nation) About&the&)ilm& An$excellent$film$showcasing$the$benefits$of$a$ 95!mins.! plant_based$diet$ Director!Nelson$Campbell By!Eric!C.!Lindstrom,!November!19,!2015! Producer$John$Corry I!was!lucky!enough!to!see!this!film!before!its! Screenwriters$Nelson$Campbell,$Lee$Fulkerson,$ official!release!and!a!few!Cmes!since!!As!compelling! John$Corry$(story),$Marc$Jakubowicz$(story) and!convincing!an!argument!for!a!plantfbased!diet! Cinematographer!Frank$Smith that!has!even!been!filmed.!Taking!many!of!the!same! Editor$Marc$Jakubowicz! ideas!seen!in!Forks$Over$Knives!(also!featuring!Dr.!T.! Cast!Neal$Barnard,$Nelson$Campbell,$T.$Colin$ Colin!Campbell),!PlantPure$Na;on!explores!more! Campbell,$Rekha$Chaudhary$ personal!journeys!of!Dr.!Campbell!and!his!family!as! well!as!numerous!individuals!exploring!the!PPN! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3699150/! Jumpstart!Program.!Along!the!path!to!be_er!health,! The!new!film!from!the!producer!and!writer!of! the!documentary!proves!the!healthiest!diet!for! the!hit!documentary!Forks$Over$Knives,!PlantPure$ humankind!is!wholef!foods!plantfbased.! Na;on!answers!the!quesCon!people!ask!when! Must!see!for!anyone!who!struggles!with!chronic! informed!of!the!greatest!health!truth!ever:!“Why! health!issues,!PlantPure$Na;on!will!stand!the!test!of! haven’t!I!heard!this!before?”!PlantPure$Na;on!tells! Cme!as!the!naCon,!and!world,!begins!to! the!story!of!three!people!on!a!quest!to!spread!the! acknowledge!that!the!Standard!American!Diet!is! message!of!one!of!the!most!important!health! simply!not!sustainable.! breakthroughs!of!all!Cme.!When!nutriConal! scienCst!and!respected!author!Dr.!T.!Colin!Campbell! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3699150/! inspires!Kentucky!State!RepresentaCve!Tom!Riner!to! propose!a!pilot!program!documenCng!the!health!!

70! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Documentary$details$the$health$benefits$of$a$ test!his!plantfbased!nutriCon!program!on!its! vegan$diet$ residents.! Memphis$Flyer,!September!24,!2015 By!Bianca!Phillips! If!you’ve!seen!one!vegan!propaganda!film,! you've!seen!them!all.! Or!at!least!that’s!what!I!thought!during!the!first! 15!minutes!or!so!of!PlantPure$Na;on,!a! documentary!on!the!benefits!of!a!plantfbased!diet,! as!the!film!detailed!the!history!of!Dr.!T.!Colin! Campbell,!one!of!the!leading!voices!advocaCng!for! the!health!benefits!of!veganism.! Those!introductory!minutes!of!PlantPure$Na;on! ! were!basically!a!rehashing!of!the!lauded!2011!vegan! Dr.$T.$Colin$Campbell$and$son$Nelson$Campbell$ documentary!Forks$Over$Knives.!While!I!know!that! Sixteen!people!sign!up!for!the!first!PlantPure! Campbell’s!influence!and!background!are!Vegan! Jumpstart!program,!a!10fday!vegan!challenge!in! 101,!I!had!to!step!back!and!understand!that! which!Nelson!and!his!wife!prepare!heatfandfeat! PlantPure$Na;on!isn’t!a!film!for!vegans!like!me.! lunches!and!dinners!made!without!meats,!eggs,! It’s!a!film!for!omnivores!living!on!a!standard! dairy,!or!oil.!(Oil!is!vegan,!but!Nelson!is!pushing!an! American!diet!of!french!fries,!cheeseburgers,!and!4f oilffree!diet!to!help!people!reverse!serious!health! a.m.!beef!burritos!from!Taco!Bell.!And!those!folks! problems).! probably!don’t!know!the!history!of!Campbell,!a! The!group—a!diverse!mix!that!includes!a! biochemist!who!grew!up!on!a!dairy!farm,!went! poliCcian,!a!journalist,!and!a!ca_le!farmer—starts! plantfbased!in!midflife,!and!later!went!on!to!lead! and!ends!the!program!with!biometric!tesCng.!One! one!of!the!most!influenCal!studies!on!the! woman’s!cholesterol!count!drops!from!176!to!139!in! relaConship!between!nutriCon!and!cancer.! only!10!days,!and!by!the!end,!everyone!tests! Conducted!in!China,!the!20fyear!study!has!been! healthier.! hailed!by!The$New$York$Times!as!“the!Grand!Prix!of! “I!actually!feel!good.!I!sleep!well.!I’m!not! epidemiology,”!and!Campbell’s!book!The$China$ bloated!feeling,”!says!the!ca_le!rancher!aier!10! Study!is!a!best!seller.!In!a!nutshell,!Campbell!and!his! days!on!the!vegan!diet.!It’s!an!impressive! team!found!that!a!plantfbased!diet!can!reverse! tesCmonial!from!a!man!who!raises!cows!for! certain!cancers,!diabetes,!heart!disease,!and!other! slaughter.! ailments.!! One!middlefaged!parCcipant,!Tommy!Prive_e,! Once!PlantPure$Na;on!takes!you!through!all! had!been!living!with!Type!2!diabetes!since!he!was! that!important!history!stuff,!we!meet!Campbell’s! 23,!and!he!also!suffered!from!hypertension.!Aier! son!Nelson,!who!is!determined!to!persuade!the! four!months!of!veganism,!he’d!lost!40!pounds!and! Kentucky!state!legislature!to!adopt!a!program!to! managed!to!drop!five!of!his!seven!daily! help!lowfincome!people!access!vegan!meals.!But! medicaCons.! that!ain’t!gonna!fly!in!the!land!of!meat!and!taters,! and!the!proposal!is!quickly!shot!down!by!Big!Ag! PlantPure$Na;on!touches!briefly!on!the! lobbyists.! environmental!impact!of!the!meat!and!dairy! industries’!relaConship!to!global!warming!and! So!Nelson!goes!D.I.Y.!and!heads!to!Mebane,! deforestaCon,!but!I!was!a!li_le!disappointed!that!it! North!Carolina,!which!he!calls!“land!of! didn’t!address!factory!farming’s!animal!cruelty! barbecue”!(clearly,!he!hasn’t!visited!Memphis),!to! issues.!

71! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

SCll,!the!film!is!a!powerful!testament!to!the! of!Kentucky,!a!state!where!the!ciCzenry!faced! dramaCc!impact!a!vegan!diet!can!have!on!one’s! numerous!health!issues!triggered!by!poor!diet.!He! health.!And,!though!I’m!an!ethical!vegan!rather! encouraged!his!father!Professor!T.!Colin!Campbell,! than!one!who!focuses!on!the!health!impact!of! author!of!the!famed!The$China$Study,!and!Dr.! plantfbased!diets,!I!have!to!take!a!step!back!and! Caldwell!Esselstyn,!Jr.,!author!of!Prevent$and$ understand!that!some!people!are!drawn!into!this! Reverse$Heart$Disease,!to!present!their!healthf crazy!vegan!lifestyle!to!be_er!their!health.! promoCng!lifestyle!diet!to!the!Kentucky!Legislature! Regardless!of!how!they!get!here,!animals’!lives!will! where!the!two!received!enthusiasCc!applause.! sCll!be!spared!either!way.! When!it!came!Cme!to!fund!a!plantfpure!dietary! h_p://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/filmfreviewf program,!the!legislature!balked!because!of!lobbying! plantpurefnaCon/Content?oid=4184000! by!agribusiness!interests.!Nevertheless,!Nelson! VegParadise$Media$Review$ Campbell!raised!money!to!fund!10fday!Jumpstart! programs!with!wholeffoods,!plantfbased!diets!for! PlantPure$Na;on$ small!groups!of!parCcipants!in!his!hometown!of! PlantPure$Na;on!is!not!just!an!ordinary! Mebane,!North!Carolina.!The!people!in!the!minif documentary!film;!it!marks!the!opening!salvo!in!a! studies!ate!a!plantfbased!diet!of!fruits,!vegetables,! revoluCon!to!improve!the!health!of!all!Americans.! legumes,!whole!grains,!nuts,!and!seeds.!The!meals! Nelson!Campbell,!along!with!other!members!of!his! prepared!for!the!parCcipants!were!devoid!of!sugar,! family,!have!joined!with!Producer!John!Corry!and! salt,!and!oil!(SOS).! filmmaker!Lee!Fulkerson!of!Forks$Over$Knives!fame! As!expected,!the!parCcipants,!experienced! to!crai!a!film!that!many!people!will!be!discussing! dramaCc!weight!loss,!notable!cholesterol!reducCon,! the!rest!of!this!year!and!beyond.! and!for!some,!a!reducCon!of!medicaCon!taken!for! chronic!illnesses.!! Nelson!Campbell!told!an!enthusiasCc!audience! in!a!prefscreening!of!the!film!in!Hollywood!that!he! has!established!a!PlantPure!FoundaCon!that!would! encourage!the!formaCon!of!PlantPure!Pods,!groups! of!people!around!the!country!who!would!join!the! grassroots!movement!to!promote!the!message!of! plantfpure!nutriCon!in!their!communiCes.!The! FoundaCon!plans!to!enlist!church!organizaCons!to! make!PlantPure!Jumpstarts!available!in!lowfincome! neighborhoods!at!affordable!prices.! The!film!spotlights!the!Campbell!family!that!has! eaten!a!plantfbased!diet!for!many!years.!The!elder! Campbell!explains!that!the!publisher!of!his!book,! The$China$Study,!would!have!been!happy!if!the! book!sold!8,000!copies.!Sales!of!the!book!have! exceeded!over!1,000,000!copies.!Younger!son!Tom,! now!a!pracCcing!physician,!worked!with!his!father! to!pen!the!book.! Kim!Campbell,!Nelson’s!wife,!developed!The$ PlantPure$Na;on$Cookbook!that!includes!recipes! Kim$and$Nelson$Campbell$ used!in!preparing!the!foods!for!the!10fday! Jumpstart!programs.!Kim’s!recipes!will!aid!viewers! The!film!details!the!ba_le!Nelson!Campbell! of!the!film!in!preparing!the!type!of!meals!advocated! faced!in!trying!to!bring!a!plantfpure!diet!to!the!state! in!the!movie.! 72! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

The!seed!money!for!PlantPure$Na;on!began! These!iniCaCves!will!enable!Pod!members!to! with!a!Kickstarter!campaign!that!enlisted!1,099! step!outside!their!rouCne!lives!to!become!acCve! backers!who!pledged!$163,930!by!May!13,!2015.! within!their!communiCes.!As!Pods!innovate! The!film,!that!debuts!naConwide!beginning!in!July! successful!ways!to!deliver!a!program!like!PlantPure! 2015,!is!gaining!exposure!in!prefrelease!screenings! Oasis,!these!stories!will!be!shared!with!the!rest!of! in!23!ciCes!around!the!United!States.! the!Pod!network,!feeding!a!cycle!of! experimentaCon!and!learning.! Wisely,!Nelson!Campbell!has!assembled!a!more! than!capable!team!to!create!a!compelling,! The!goal!of!PlantPure!is!nothing!short!of!a! professional!film!that!reveals!the!producCon!team’s! health!revoluCon.!Whereas!industry!and! skills!in!script!creaCon,!narraCon,!photography,! government!have!contributed!to!our!health!care! ediCng,!and!music.! crisis,!people!working!together!at!the!local!level!can! help!solve!this!problem.! A!fivng!followfup!to!Forks$Over$Knives,! PlantPure$Na;on!will!hopefully!help!to!forge!a! h_p://plantpurenaCon.com/movement/! grassroots!movement!as!the!beginning!blast!in!a! Our)Culinary)Philosophy) health!revoluCon!that!brings!much!needed!change! in!the!diet!of!so!many!Americans.!Seeing!quick! As!explained!in!our!film,!“PlantPure”!was! posiCve!results,!anyone!taking!the!10fDay! selected!as!a!term!for!describing!a!wholeffood,! Jumpstart!will!most!likely!make!the!commitment!to! plantfbased!diet!because!it!is!suggesCve!of!Nature.! follow!this!program!as!a!lifestyle—not!just!a! Nature!is!pure!…!perhaps!the!only!experience!we! temporary!diet.!! will!have!in!this!earthly!life!that!is!indeed!perfect.! h_p://www.vegparadise.com/media24.html! About&the&message& The)Movement) The!PlantPure!FoundaCon!will!establish!local! chapters!in!towns!and!ciCes!everywhere,!called! PlantPure!Pods.!Members!of!Pods!will!work! together!to!promote!the!message!of!plantfbased! nutriCon!in!their!local!communiCes.! The!FoundaCon!will!facilitate!a!conCnuous!flow! of!informaCon!so!that!Pods!and!their!members!are! ! connected!within!an!organized!movement.!Further,! Importantly,!we!do!not!mean!that!people! it!will!open!up!its!community!to!vendors!who!can! should!be!purists!in!their!eaCng!habits.!There!is!a! provide!products!and!services!that!support!Pods! school!of!thought!in!the!plantfbased!community! and!their!members.!These!vendors!will!share! that!salt!and!sugar,!as!well!as!nuts,!avocados,!and! revenues!with!the!FoundaCon,!with!most!passed! other!plant!foods!high!in!natural!fat,!should!never! back!to!local!Pods!to!sustain!their!efforts!…!a! be!consumed.!We!don’t!subscribe!to!this.! virtuous!cycle!powering!a!grassroots!social! movement.! First,!nuts,!seeds,!avocados,!and!other!wholef plant!foods!high!in!natural!fat!are!essenCal!to!a! This!effort!will!include!defined!programs! healthy!diet.!Research!is!increasingly!demonstraCng! developed!by!the!FoundaCon,!such!as!its!PlantPure! this!fact.!The!argument!against!natural!fat!in!whole,! Oasis!program,!wherein!PlantPure!Jumpstarts!and! plantfbased!foods!is!the!same!reducConist!thinking! affordable!meals!will!be!made!available!in!lowf used!by!the!dairy!industry!to!advocate!for!milk! income!neighborhoods!through!church!partners.! consumpCon.!Milk!contains!calcium!and!calcium!is! a!building!material!for!bones,!so!the!dairy!industry!

73! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! has!argued!for!years!that!we!should!consume!milk.! necessary!to!the!creaCon!of!greatftasCng!meals;!it! Yet,!science!is!now!showing!that!milk!and!other! is!possible!to!create!flavor!without!oil.!An!argument! foods!high!in!animal!protein!cause!calcium!to!leach! can!be!made!that!very!small!amounts!of!oil!(like!a! from!the!bones!and!then!get!excreted!in!the!urine.! very!small!splash!of!sesame!oil!in!a!kale!dish)!is! likely!to!do!li_le!or!no!harm,!but!the!problem!is!that! Biology!is!complex—infinitely!so.!What!ma_ers! many!people!have!difficulty!drawing!the!line!with! most!is!not!the!presence!of!calcium!in!milk,!but!the! oil.!A!li_le!can!easily!turn!into!too!much.!So!we! wholisCc!effects!of!milk!on!the!body.!Likewise,!what! suggest!just!staying!away!from!it.! ma_ers!most!with!plant!foods!high!in!fat!is!the!way! they!are!uClized!in!context!by!the!body,!and! Our!science!advisor,!Dr.!T.!Colin!Campbell,!has! research!is!showing!these!plant!foods!to!be! long!maintained!that!you!get!most!of!the!potenCal! beneficial.! health!benefit!from!dietary!change!simply!by! moving!to!a!wholeffood,!plantfbased!diet.! Of!course,!we!don’t!advocate!eaCng!more!than! Becoming!a!purist!is!not!likely!to!create!much! a!modest!amount!of!these!highffat!plant!foods!(for! addiConal!gain,!and!whatever!gain!might!appear! example,!just!a!healthy!handful!with!your!oatmeal! pales!in!comparison!to!the!gain!from!going!plantf or!cereal!in!the!morning).!But!we!need!these!foods! based.!In!his!view,!we!can!gain!more!than!95%!of! in!our!diet.! the!potenCal!health!benefit!by!moving!to!a!diet!as! Salt!and!sugar!are!in!a!different!category.! described!above.!We!can!quibble!about!whether!we! Adding!extra!salt!and!sugar!out!of!their!natural! can!add!another!incremental!benefit!by!becoming! context!is!not!essenCal!to!our!diet.!We!believe!it!is! purists,!but!why!do!this!when!the!cost!is!a!diet! important,!however,!that!people!should!be!free!to! deficient!in!flavor?!Our!goal!is!not!to!moCvate!a! eat!food!with!flavors!they!enjoy.!We!will!not!change! small!number!of!purists,!but!to!launch!a!revoluCon! the!world!around!the!idea!of!plantfbased!nutriCon! that!transforms!society.! if!we!tell!people!they!must!give!up!the!food!they! There!are!two!impulses!present!in!many!of!us.! love!for!food!that!tastes!bland.! One!is!the!impulse!to!be!“right”!and!to!judge!those! who!are!“wrong.”!The!other!is!the!humble,! nonjudgmental!impulse!to!love.!We!favor!the! second,!knowing!that!love!is!the!more!powerful,! more!transformaConal!choice.!And!we!love!our! neighbors!and!the!larger!world!when!we!give!them! a!plantfbased!opCon!that!is!joyful.! This$statement$was$reviewed$and$approved$by$our$ ! science$advisor,$Dr.$T.$Colin$Campbell.$ The!PlantPure!culinary!philosophy!allows!for! h_p://plantpurenaCon.com/movement/! modest!levels!of!added!salt!and!sugar,!based!on!the! 9)Pros)and)Cons)to)Going)Vegan) assumpCon!that!as!people!experience!the!benefits! of!this!diet,!they!will!do!their!best!to!reduce!these! It’s$trendy$and$healthy,$but$will$the$strict$diet$work$ ingredients!as!much!as!possible!over!Cme.!Taste! for$you?$ preferences!change,!so!once!we!become! AARP,!February!14,!2011 accustomed!to!a!lowfsalt!and!lowfsugar!diet,!we! by!Monica!Bhide! discover!that!these!flavors!“pop”!at!low!amounts.! Not!long!ago!the!idea!of!following!a!strict!vegan! The!PlantPure!culinary!philosophy!also!allows! diet!was!considered!extreme!and!impracCcal.!A! people!the!opportunity!to!have,!now!and!then,!a! vegan!does!not!eat!any!animal!products—no!meat,! fun!dessert!and!even!a!glass!of!beer!or!wine.! fish,!fowl,!eggs,!dairy,!or!honey.!Yet!interest!has! The!only!ingredient!we!advocate!avoiding!as! grown!lately:!witness!the!slew!of!successful!vegan! much!as!possible!is!added!oil.!This!ingredient!is!not! cookbooks!(Da!Capo!Press!has!20!vegan!cookbooks!

74! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! in!print!and!more!coming!up);!wider!availability!of! says!that!vegan!eaCng!helps!“slow!down!the! vegan!products!(tofurky,!anyone?);!and!celebriCes! eaCng!process”!making!us!more!aware,!(at!least!in! such!as!former!president!Bill!Clinton!and!actress! the!beginning!phases!of!moving!over!to!a!vegan! Alicia!Silverstone!announcing!that!they!have! diet),!about!what!we!are!puvng!in!our!mouths.! adopted!the!diet,!resulCng!in!be_er!health.! He!says!this!can!serve!to!cut!down!on!impulsive! eaCng!behaviors.! True,!there!are!advantages!to!a!vegan!diet!for! older!Americans!but!there!are!some!inherent! disadvantages,!too.!We!spoke!with!several! dieCcians!and!doctors!about!a!vegan!diet!for!people! over!the!age!of!55.!We!focused!strictly!on!health,! not!on!poliCcal!or!philosophical!beliefs.! Advantages!of!a!vegan!diet:! • May!help!lower!cholesterol:!Jackie!Keller,! nutriConist,!wellness!coach!and!founder!of! NutriFit,!an!LAfbased!food!delivery!service,! references!a!study!in!Diabetes!Voice!in!2007!that! showed!that!people!with!Type!2!diabetes!who! adopted!a!vegan!diet!reduced!their!LDL!(low! Disadvantages!of!a!vegan!diet:! density!lipoprotein)!cholesterol!by!21!percent!—! • A!radical!change:!Going!vegan!is!a!huge!change! significantly!more!than!the!9!percent!drop!seen! and!can!someCmes!be!even!more!complicated!if! by!another!group!on!the!American!Diabetes! you!are!not!allowed!to!eat!certain!ingredients! AssociaCon!diet.! such!as!soy.!“Complete!plant!proteins!are!found!in! • May!help!lower!blood!pressure:!Paragi!Mehta,!a! soy!products,!so!if!you're!trying!to!moderate!your! registered!dieCCan!and!the!creator!of! intake!of!soy,!you!have!to!learn!how!to!put! www.healthfulfilling.com,!says!that!according!to!a! together!complementary!foods!to!form!complete! 2009!posiCon!paper!of!the!American!DieteCc! vegetarian!proteins,”!says!Keller.! AssociaCon,!vegetarian!eaCng!is!linked!with! • PotenCal!interference!with!exisCng!medical! decreased!risk!of!death!from!ischemic!heart! condiCons:!If!you!have!a!condiCon!such!as! disease.!The!report!also!concluded!that!people! osteoporosis!or!diabetes,!it!is!criCcal!to!consult! who!eat!a!vegetarian!diet!tend!to!have!lower!LDL! with!your!physician!and!a!registered!dieCCan! levels!and!less!incidence!of!hypertension!and! when!starCng!and!implemenCng!a!vegan!eaCng! Type!2!diabetes!in!comparison!to!nonf plan,!as!a!vegan!diet!may!interfere!with!your! vegetarians.! condiCon.! • Increases!anCoxidant!intake:!Vegan!eaCng!usually! • Difficulty!when!dining!out:!Not!many!restaurants! increases!intake!of!wholesome!foods!such!as! offer!true!vegan!choices!and!this!can!make!dining! vegetables,!fruits,!beans,!legumes!and!whole! out!difficult.!Mehta!advises!carrying!vegan!foods! grains,!which!is!a!great!opportunity!to!get! and!snacks!to!make!eaCng!out!easier!when! plenCful!anCoxidants,!dietary!fiber!and!vitamins! traveling!long!distances.! and!minerals,!says!Mehta.! • Loss!of!essenCal!vitamins!and!minerals:!There!is! • May!promote!greater!selffcontrol:!“The!selff evidence!to!show!vegan!diets!do!not!contain! control!needed!to!eat!in!a!vegan!way!can!be! vitamin!B12,!an!essenCal!nutrient.!“Vegans!can! extended!to!other!behaviors!requiring!selff get!vitamin!B12!from!forCfied!foods!(some!brands! control,!commitment!and!dedicaCon,”!says! of!soy!milk,!fake!meats,!breakfast!cereals!and! Michael!Applebaum,!a!physician!and!president!of! nutriConal!yeast)!and!from!supplements.!Vegan! FitnessMed!Inc.,!a!fitness!consulCng!firm,!and! diets!may!be!low!in!calcium!and!vitamin!D! author!of!several!fitness!books.!In!addiCon,!he! although!there!are!vegan!sources!of!these! 75! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

nutrients,”!says!Reed!Mangels,!PhD,!RD,!nutriCon! World!Review!of!Fisheries!and!Aquaculture.!United! advisor!for!The!Vegetarian!Resource!Group! NaCons!Food!and!Agriculture!OrganizaCon! (vrg.org).! Our!food!,our!future.!Earthsave.! UnrealisCc!expectaCons:!“A!person!might!believe! • COP21:!Arnold!Schwarzenegger:!‘Go!partfCme! that!by!being!vegan!they!are!making!themselves! vegetarian!to!protect!the!planet’! healthier.!There!are!no!good!data!of!which!I!am! aware!proving!that!simply!being!vegan!as!an! isolated!behavior!improves!health,”!says! Applebaum.!There!has!to!be!a!balance!of!diet,! exercise!and!a!proper!fitness!regime.! If!you!are!going!to!go!vegan,!all!of!our!experts! advise!that!you!consult!with!your!doctor!first.!Once! you!get!the!green!light!from!your!doctor,!these! guidelines!may!help!you!get!started:! • It!will!take!Cme!for!you!to!learn!to!cook!as!a! vegan,!so!try!out!different!recipes!that!are! appealing!to!your!palate!and!easy!to!prepare.! • Read!labels!carefully:!animal!products!are!in!many! packaged!products,!oien!in!hardftofidenCfy!ways.! • TransiCon!gradually!to!vegan!eaCng!so!your!body! can!adapt!to!it.!Realize!that!vegan!eaCng!is!more! restricCve!than!vegetarian!eaCng.!Mehta!says,! "You!might!consider!doing!several!transiCons,! such!as!from!nonfvegetarian!to!parCal!vegetarian,! then!to!lactofovo!vegetarian,!and!then!decide! how!much!more!is!comfortable!for!you."! • Include!adequate!plant!protein!in!your!diet.! • Combine!plant!sources!of!iron!with!ingredients! high!in!vitamin!C!(such!as!red!bell!peppers,! oranges!and!strawberries)!so!that!your!body!can! absorb!the!iron!well.! • Include!a!reliable!source!of!B12!in!your!diet.! h_p://www.aarp.org/food/dietfnutriCon/infof02f2011/9fprosf andfconsftofgoingfvegan.html! Resources& Spotlight:!Livestock!impacts!on!the!environment.! Food!and!Agriculture!OrganizaCon!of!the!United! NaCons.! Livestock’s!Long!Shadow:!Environmental!Issues!and! OpCons.!Food!and!Agriculture!OrganizaCon!of!the! United!NaCons.! Meateater’s!Guide!to!Climate!Change!&!Health.! Environmental!Working!Group.! 76! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Antarctica)3D:)On)the)Edge)

covered!by!ice,!but!warmed!by!sea!on!either!side— is!changing!faster!than!anywhere!on!the!planet,! thanks!to!both!warming!air!and!sea!temperatures.! This!warming!is!impacCng!both!its!ice!as!well!as!its! wildlife.!Like!its!ice!and!penguins,!the!few!humans! who!work!here!each!season!and!the!unique!treaty! that!governs!the!conCnent!are!struggling!to!adapt! to!the!changes.! Traveling!to!AntarcCca!from!the!Cp!of!South! America!by!sailboat!and!then!along!the!Peninsula! by!sea!kayak,!foot,!small!plane!and!dive!gear,!we! will!take!a!look!at!this!onefoffafkind!place!and!bring! back!a!unique!perspecCve!on!our!planet’s!most! About&the&)ilm& remote!land!and!sea!and!ice,!and!the!incredible! wildlife!that!call!it!home.! 35!mins.! Though!big,!remote!and!covered!in!ice,! Director/Screenwriter!Jon$Bowermaster! AntarcCca!may!not!seem!fragile.!But!in!fact!parts!of! Producers!Don$Kempf,$Gary$Smaby,$Andy$Wood the!conCnent!and!its!wildlife!are!at!great!risk!today.! Cinematographers!Ken$Corben,$Bob$Cranston! BeauCful,!unlike!anywhere!else!on!the!planet,!once! Editors!Jason$Malkovich,$Chris$Rahm! you’ve!visited!AntarcCca!it!stays!in!your!blood! Narrator!Tilda$Swinton! forever.!This!film!will!take!you!there.!! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_4527224/?ref_=fn_al___1! h_p://www.bigmoviezone.com/filmsearch/movies/index.html? Antarctica:&On&the&Edge) uniq=565! AntarcCca!lives!in!our!dreams!as!the!most! Antarctica&3D:&On&the&Edge) remote,!most!forbidding!conCnent!on!Planet!Earth.! With!a!reputaCon!as!cold,!forbidding!and! Yet!it!is!also!a!fragile!place,!home!to!an! remote,!AntarcCca!can!also!be!a!fragile!place,!home! incredible!variety!of!marine!life!along!its!edges:! to!an!incredible!variety!of!life!along!its!edges.!Join! Several!species!of!penguins,!tens!of!thousands!of! NaConal!Geographic!explorer!Jon!Bowermaster!as! seals,!humpback,!Minke!and!killer!whales,!and! he!and!his!team!travel!along!the!conCnent’s!frozen! dozens!of!different!seabirds!including!giant,!soaring! coastline!in!‘AntarcCca!3D,!On!The!Edge.’! albatrosses.! The!adventurers!explore!by!sea!kayak,!icef AntarcCca!is!a!big!land—all!of!the!United!States! worthy!sailboat!and!on!foot!to!gain!an!upfclose!look! could!easily!fit!inside!its!boundaries.!It!would!seem! and!a_empt!to!be_er!understand!just!how!the! to!be!invulnerable,!cold,!covered!in!ice,!dark!for! seventh!conCnent!is!changing—and!in!some!parts! nine!months!of!the!year.! changing!very!fast—in!part!due!to!a!warming! ocean.!Meet!scienCsts!and!the!wildlife!they!study! It!is!arguably!the!most!stunning,!the!most! upfclose,!and!learn!about!the!history!of!exploraCon! breathtaking!place!on!earth.!Because!of!all!the!ice! and!the!conCnent’s!future.! that!covers!and!surrounds,!AntarcCca!changes!every! season,!every!day,!every!hour;!its!beauty!is!never! From!its!place!anchoring!the!bo_om!of!the! the!same!twice.! globe,!AntarcCca!might!seem!too!frozen!to!have!any! impact!on!the!rest!of!the!planet.!But!the!very!fact! But!the!ninefhundredfmile!long!Peninsula!that! that!it!is!constantly!changing—the!sea!around!it! juts!out!from!the!conCnent!like!a!long!finger—! freezing!and!thawing!every!year—makes!it!the!

77! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! planet’s!beaCng!heart,!its!rhythm!inCmately! the!world’s!environment,!parCcularly!our!one! influencing!the!earth’s!weather,!ocean!currents!and! ocean.! climate.! Through!innovaCve!new!media—the!web,! h_p://oceans8films.com/films/antarcCcaf3dfonfthefedge/! social!media,!films,!books,!magazine!stories,!public! events!and!more—the!FoundaCon!seeks!to! About&the&)ilmmaker& communicate!wonder!and!respect!for!the!planet’s! A!writer,!filmmaker!and!adventurer,!Jon! interconnected!systems,!parCcularly!focused!on! Bowermaster!is!a!sixfCme!grantee!of!the!NaConal! bringing!informaCon!into!classrooms,!communiCes,! Geographic!ExpediCons!Council.!One!of!the! science!insCtuCons,!museums!and!other!public! Society’s!“Ocean!Heroes,”!his!first!assignment!for! sevngs.!One!Ocean!Media!FoundaCon!also! Na;onal$Geographic$Magazine!in!1989!was!to! supports!organizaCons!that!protect!ecosystems,! document!a!dogfsled!expediCon!that!crossed! wildlife,!indigenous!cultures!and!human!rights! AntarcCca!taking!221!days.!His!Oceans!8!project! through!a!wide!variety!of!media!outreach.! took!him!and!his!teams!around!the!world!by!sea! h_p://oceans8films.com/about/! kayak!over!the!course!of!ten!years!(1999–2008),! where!they!bought!back!stories!from!the!AleuCan! Terra)Antarctica:)Rediscovering)the) Islands,!French!Polynesia,!Gabon,!Tasmania,!and! Seventh)Continent) beyond!about!how!the!planet’s!one!ocean!and!its! Jon$Bowermaster$made$this$film$in$2009,$taking$a$ various!coastlines!are!faring!today.!He!is!the! different$approach$to$his$explora;on$of$the$ chairman!of!the!board!of!Adventurers!and!ScienCsts! con;nent$at$the$bodom$of$the$planet.$ for!ConservaCon!and!a!board!member!of!Celine! Cousteau’s!CauseCentric!ProducCons.!Author!of! The!AntarcCc!affects!all!our!lives!through!forces! eleven!books!and!more!than!a!dozen!documentary! so!deep!and!elemental!that!we’re!not!even!aware! films,!Jon!lives!in!New!York’s!Hudson!Valley.! of!them.!More!than!two!decades!ago!scienCsts! prophesied!that!one!of!the!first!signs!of!humanf influenced!climate!change!would!be!the!collapse!of! the!AntarcCc!Peninsula’s!ice!sheets.!This!is!exactly! what!is!happening!today.! In!March!2002!scienCsts!watched!the!500f billionfton!LarsenfB!Ice!Shelf!sha_er!into!thousands! of!Cny!icebergs!before!their!eyes.!One!year!ago!a! 160fmilefsquare!secCon!broke!off!the!Wilkins!Ice! Shelf.!The!dramaCc!changes!suggest!it!is!possible! the!rest!of!the!Peninsula’s!ice!may!deteriorate!soon.! For!three!months,!from!November!2007!into! ! February!2008!we!explored!the!AntarcCc!Peninsula! Jon$Bowermaster$ by!sea!kayak,!sailboat,!foot!and!small!plane.!It!was!a! great!adventure!and!what!we!discovered!was! One)Ocean)Media)Foundation) revealing!about!the!planet!as!a!whole:!NaCons! One!Ocean!Media!FoundaCon!is!dedicated!to! fighCng!over!who!owns!what!as!the!Peninsula’s!ice! raising!environmental!awareness!and!literacy!in!the! slowly!disappears;!annual!rains!threatening!penguin! United!States!and,!internaConally,!to!address!urgent! chicks;!tourist!boats!running!aground!and!sinking;! and!immediate!threats!to!our!planet’s! all!set!among!a!spectacular,!onefoffafkind!corner!of! environmental!and!cultural!future.!The!FoundaCon! our!planet.! is!a!conCnuaCon!of!the!work!done!over!the!past! h_p://oceans8films.com/films/terrafantarcCca/! twentyffive!years!by!Jon!Bowermaster!and!his! Oceans!8!ProducCons!documenCng!the!health!of!

78! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! About&Antarctica& West)Antarctic)glaciers)melting)at) ‘unstoppable’)rate) Melting)of)Larsen)C)ice)shelf)in) Antarctic)may)raise)sea)levels) Euronews.!May!14.!2015! Giant!glaciers!in!Western!AntarcCca!are!melCng! Euronews,!May!15,!2014! at!an!“unstoppable”!rate!that!could!cause!global! One!of!the!largest!ice!shelves!in!AntarcCca!is! sea!levels!to!rise!far!quicker!than!previously! under!threat,!thinning!dramaCcally!on!both!sides,! thought.! its!surface!and!beneath.!The!ice!shelf!is!called! Larsen!C!and!its!two!neighbors,!Larsen!A!and!B!have! already!collapsed!in!1995!and!2002.! A!study!by!the!BriCsh!AntarcCc!Survey!has! found!that!the!ice!shelf!is!melCng!not!just!because! of!ho_er!air!but!also!due!to!the!warming!of!the! ocean.!UnCl!now!scienCsts!were!not!sure!about!the! role!of!oceans!in!collapsing!ice!shelves.!Now!as!it! melts,!Larsen!C!will!play!a!role!in!the!rising!of!the! level!of!the!ocean.! ! “When!Larsen!A!and!B!were!lost,!the!glaciers! Antarc;c$glaciers$mel;ng$ behind!them!accelerated!and!they!are!now! contribuCng!a!significant!fracCon!of!the!seaflevel! That!is!according!to!recent!studies!conducted! rise!from!the!whole!of!AntarcCca.!Larsen!C!is!bigger! by!NASA!and!the!UniversiCes!of!California!and! and!if!it!were!to!be!lost!in!the!next!few!decades! Washington.! then!it!would!actually!add!to!the!projecCons!of!the! Using!data!collected!from!satellites!and!other! seaflevel!rise!by!2100.! aircrai,!the!studies!show!six!glaciers!melCng!at!a! “We!expect!that!the!seaflevel!rise!around!the! rate!that!makes!their!eventual!disappearance! world!will!be!something!in!excess!of!50!cm!higher! inevitable!–!over!the!next!200!to!1,000!years.! by!2100!than!it!is!at!present!and!that!will!cause! “We’ve!passed!the!point!of!no!return!in!this! problems!for!coastal!and!lowflying!ciCes,”!explained! sector!and!at!this!point!it’s!just!a!ma_er!of!Cme! David!Vaughan!a!glaciologist!with!the!BriCsh! before!these!glaciers!completely!disappear!to!sea,”! AntarcCc!Survey.! says!NASA!glaciologist!Eric!Rignot.! The!research!team!based!their!findings!on! The!data!has!been!turned!into!a!graphic! combined!satellite!and!eight!radar!surveys!between! animaCon!that!illustrates!the!speed!of!water! 1998!and!2012.!During!that!Cme!Larsen!C!lost!an! flowing!from!each!of!the!glaciers.! average!of!four!meters!of!ice!and!had!lowered!by!an! average!of!one!meter!at!the!surface.! Regions!marked!in!red!indicate!areas!where!the! flow!increases!every!year.! The!ice!shelf!is!named!aier!Captain!Carl!Anton! Larsen!who!was!the!master!of!the!Norwegian! Point!at!one,!NASA’s!Rignot!said:!“We!are! whaling!vessel!Jason,!which!sailed!through!these! seeing!in!this!sector!retreat!rates!that!we!don’t!see! waters!in!1893.! anywhere!else!on!earth.!They!are!retreaCng!at!rates! of!about!a!kilometer!per!year.!That!may!not!seem! The!AntarcCc!Peninsula!is!one!of!the!fastestf much!to!people!who!are!not!familiar!with!these! warming!regions!on!Earth!with!a!rise!in! glaciers!but!most!of!them!don’t!change!on!that! temperature!of!2.5!degrees!CenCgrade!over!the!last! scale.”! five!decades.! One!area!of!parCcular!concern!is!the!Smith! h_p://www.euronews.com/2015/05/14/larsenfcficefshelffinf Glacier.!Radar!images!enabled!the!researchers!to! antarcCcfposesfthreatftofthefoceans/! map!the!sofcalled!“grounding!line”,!which!is!the! 79! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! point!at!which!a!glacier!rests!on!open!water!rather! “Over!the!last!century,!we!have!already! than!on!rock.!Results!showed!a!record!retreat!of!35! observed!the!disappearance!of!the!Dion!Islets! kilometers!over!15!years,!a!process!they!describe!as! penguin!colony,!close!to!the!West!AntarcCc! irreversible.! Peninsula,”!says!Stephanie!Jenouvrier,!WHOI! biologist!and!lead!author!of!the!new!study.!“In!1948! A!slowfmoCon!collapse!could!cause!global!sea! and!the!1970s,!scienCsts!recorded!more!than!150! levels!to!rise!by!an!esCmated!10!cenCmeters!per! breeding!pairs!there.!By!1999,!the!populaCon!was! century,!according!to!researchers,!who!say!that!the! down!to!just!20!pairs,!and!in!2009,!it!had!vanished! only!uncertainty!that!remains!is!just!how!long!it!will! enCrely.”!Like!in!Terre!Adélie,!Jenouvrier!thinks!the! take.! decline!of!those!penguins!might!be!connected!to!a! h_p://www.euronews.com/2014/05/15/westfantarcCcf simultaneous!decline!in!AntarcCc!sea!ice!due!to! glaciersfmelCngfatfunstoppablefrate/! warming!temperatures!in!the!region.! Melting)Sea)Ice)Threatens)Emperor) Unlike!other!sea!birds,!Emperor!penguins!breed! Penguins,)Study)Finds) and!raise!their!young!almost!exclusively!on!sea!ice.! Woods!Hole!Oceanographic!InsCtuCon,!June!20,!2012! If!that!ice!breaks!up!and!disappears!early!in!the! breeding!season,!massive!breeding!failure!may! At!nearly!four!feet!tall,!the!Emperor!penguin!is! occur,!says!Jenouvrier.!“As!it!is,!there's!a!huge! AntarcCca’s!largest!sea!bird—and!thanks!to!films! mortality!rate!just!at!the!breeding!stages,!because! like!“March!of!the!Penguins”!and!“Happy!Feet,”!it’s! only!50!percent!of!chicks!survive!to!the!end!of!the! also!one!of!the!conCnent’s!most!iconic.!If!global! breeding!season,!and!then!only!half!of!those! temperatures!conCnue!to!rise,!however,!the! fledglings!survive!unCl!the!next!year,”!she!says.! Emperor!penguins!in!Terre!Adélie,!in!East!AntarcCca! may!eventually!disappear,!according!to!a!new!study! Disappearing!sea!ice!may!also!affect!the! by!led!by!researchers!from!the!Woods!Hole! penguins’!food!source.!The!birds!feed!primarily!on! Oceanographic!InsCtuCon!(WHOI).!The!study!was! fish,!squid,!and!krill,!a!shrimplike!animal,!which!in! published!in!the!June!20th!ediCon!of!the!journal! turn!feeds!on!zooplankton!and!phytoplankton,!Cny! Global!Change!Biology.! organisms!that!grow!on!the!underside!of!the!ice.!If! the!ice!goes,!Jenouvrier!says,!so!too!will!the! plankton,!causing!a!ripple!effect!through!the!food! web!that!may!starve!the!various!species!that! penguins!rely!on!as!prey.! To!project!how!penguin!populaCons!may!fare!in! the!future,!Jenouvrier’s!team!used!data!from! several!different!sources,!including!climate!models,! sea!ice!forecasts,!and!a!demographic!model!that! Jenouvrier!created!of!the!Emperor!penguin! populaCon!at!Terre!Adélie,!a!coastal!region!of! AntarcCca!where!French!scienCsts!have!conducted! penguin!observaCons!for!more!than!50!years.! Combining!this!type!of!longfterm!populaCon! data!with!informaCon!on!climate!was!key!to!the! study,!says!Hal!Caswell,!a!WHOI!senior! mathemaCcal!biologist!and!collaborator!on!the! paper.! “If!you!want!to!study!the!effects!of!climate!on!a! parCcular!species,!there!are!three!pieces!that!you! have!to!put!together,”!he!says.!“The!first!is!a! descripCon!of!the!enCre!life!cycle!of!the!organism,! 80! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! and!how!individuals!move!through!that!life!cycle.! “Our!best!projecCons!show!roughly!500!to!600! The!second!piece!is!how!the!cycle!is!affected!by! breeding!pairs!remaining!by!the!year!2100.!Today,! climate!variables.!And!the!crucial!third!piece!is!a! the!populaCon!size!is!around!3000!breeding!pairs,”! predicCon!of!what!those!variables!may!look!like!in! says!Jenouvrier.! the!future,!which!involves!collaboraCon!with! The!effect!of!rising!temperature!in!the!AntarcCc! climate!scienCsts.”! isn’t!just!a!penguin!problem,!according!to!Caswell.! Marika!Holland!of!the!NaConal!Center!for! As!sea!ice!coverage!conCnues!to!shrink,!the! Atmospheric!Research!is!one!such!scienCst.!She! resulCng!changes!in!the!AntarcCc!marine! specializes!in!studying!the!relaConship!between!sea! environment!will!affect!other!species,!and!may! ice!and!global!climate,!and!helped!the!team!idenCfy! affect!humans!as!well.! climate!models!for!use!in!the!study.! “We!rely!on!the!funcConing!of!those! Working!with!Julienne!Stroeve,!another!sea!ice! ecosystems.!We!eat!fish!that!come!from!the! specialist!from!the!NaConal!Snow!and!Ice!Data! AntarcCc.!We!rely!on!nutrient!cycles!that!involve! Center,!Holland!ulCmately!recommended!five! species!in!the!oceans!all!over!the!world,”!he!says.! disCnct!models.!“We!picked!the!models!based!on! “Understanding!the!effects!of!climate!change!on! how!well!they!calculated!the!sea!ice!cover!for!the! predators!at!the!top!of!marine!food!chains—like! 20th!century,”!she!says.!“If!a!model!predicted!an! Emperor!penguins—is!in!our!best!interest,!because! outcome!that!matched!what!was!actually!observed,! it!helps!us!understand!ecosystems!that!provide! we!felt!it!was!likely!that!its!projecCons!of!sea!ice! important!services!to!us.”! change!in!the!future!could!be!trusted.”! Also!collaboraCng!on!the!study!were!Christophe! Barbraud!and!Henri!Weimerskirch!of!the!Centre! d’Etudes!Biologiques!de!Chizé,!in!France,!and!Mark! Serreze!of!the!NaConal!Snow!and!Ice!Data!Center!in! the!United!States.! h_p://www.whoi.edu/newsfrelease/melCngfseaficefthreatensf emperorfpenguinsffstudyffinds! Of$further$interest:$ Ice$and$Sky:!The!secret!held!in!the!ice!(part!1)! h_ps://vimeo.com/131867260;!The!secret!held!in! the!ice!(part!2)!h_ps://vimeo.com/131866631;!The! ! secret!held!in!the!ice!(part!3)!h_ps://vimeo.com/ A$group$of$Emperor$penguin$adults$make$their$way$across$ 132413386;!Ice!keeper!of!our!climate!(part!4)! sea$ice$in$Terre$Adélie$in$East$Antarc;ca$ h_ps://vimeo.com/132413387;!What!is!climate! (part!5)!h_ps://vimeo.com/132413388;!Global! Jenouvrier!used!the!output!from!these!various! warming!(part!6)!h_ps://vimeo.com/132413389;! climate!models!to!determine!how!changes!in! Welcome!in!the!Anthropocene!(part!7)!h_ps:// temperature!and!sea!ice!might!affect!the!Emperor! vimeo.com/134725913;!What!is!the!atmosphere?! penguin!populaCon!at!Terre!Adélie.!She!found!that! (part!8)!h_ps://vimeo.com/132414066;!MelCng!ice! if!greenhouse!gas!emissions!conCnue!to!rise!at! (part!9)!h_ps://vimeo.com/135249238;!Oceans!and! levels!similar!to!today—causing!temperatures!to! global!warming!(part!10)!h_ps://vimeo.com/ rise!and!AntarcCc!sea!ice!to!shrink—penguin! 135249345;!Coral!and!global!warming!(part!11)! populaCon!numbers!will!diminish!slowly!unCl!about! h_ps://vimeo.com/135249415;!Forests!and!global! 2040,!aier!which!they!would!decline!at!a!much! warming!(part!12)!h_ps://vimeo.com/135249495;! steeper!rate!as!sea!ice!coverage!drops!below!a! Biodiversity!and!global!warming!(part!13)!h_ps:// usable!threshold.! vimeo.com/135249573!!

81! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

At!the!core!of!The$Anthropologist!are!the!parallel! The)Anthropologist) stories!of!two!women:!Margaret!Mead,!who! popularized!cultural!anthropology!in!America;!and! Susie!Crate,!an!environmental!anthropologist! currently!studying!the!impact!of!climate!change.! Uniquely!revealed!from!their!daughters’! perspecCves,!Mead!and!Crate!demonstrate!a! fascinaCon!with!how!socieCes!are!forced!to! negoCate!the!disrupCon!of!their!tradiConal!ways!of! life,!whether!through!encounters!with!the!outside! world!or!the!unprecedented!change!wrought!by! melCng!permafrost,!receding!glaciers!and!rising! Cdes.! h_p://www.ironboundfilms.com/filmsftv/! Reviews)of)The&Anthropologist& SFFF:$“The$Anthropologist”$ By!Michael!Abatemarco! This!documentary!is!about!two!women:! renowned!cultural!anthropologist!Margaret!Mead! (1901f1978),!curator!of!ethnology!at!the!American! Museum!of!Natural!History!in!New!York!from!1946! to!1969,!and!Susan!Crate,!a!contemporary! environmental!anthropologist!at!George!Mason! University!who!is!studying!the!impact!of!climate! change.!Their!stories!unfold!through!insights! provided!by!their!respecCve!daughters.!The!theme! that!unites!the!two!is!the!impact!of!the!modern! About&the&)ilm& world!on!culture!and!society.!For!Mead,!it!was!the! effect!of!encounters!between!Europeans!and!others! 81!mins.! on!tradiConal!peoples!in!the!South!Pacific!and! Directors/Producers!Seth$Kramer,$Daniel$A.$Miller,$ Southeast!Asia.!For!Crate,!it’s!the!effect!of!climate! Jeremy$Newberger change!on!communiCes!worldwide,!such!as!the! Screenwriter!Daniel$A.$Miller threat!of!rising!sea!levels!on!KiribaC,!an!island! Cinematographers!Roger$Grange,$Seth$Kramer naCon!made!up!of!the!atolls!and!coral!reefs!Crate! Editor!Seth$Kramer has!been!studying.! Cast!Mary$Catherine$Bateson,$Susan$Crate,$ The!Anthropologist’s$ Margaret$Mead$(archive$footage),$Kathryn$ directors$ Yegorov_Crate$ !!!!!Cofdirected!by! The$Anthropologist!considers!the!fate!of!the! Seth!Kramer,! planet!from!the!perspecCve!of!an!American! Daniel!A.!Miller,! teenager.!Over!five!years,!she!travels!alongside!her! and!Jeremy! mother,!an!anthropologist!studying!the!impact!of! Newberger!of! climate!change!on!indigenous!communiCes.!! Ironbound!Films,! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_2462276/?ref_=fn_al___1!! The$Anthropologist! is!the!followfup!to! their!Emmyf

82! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! nominated!documentary!The$Linguists!(2008).!Using! The!Film!Society!of!Summit!will!present!the!first! Mead’s!daughter!Mary!Catherine!Bateson,!also!a! area!screening!of!“The!Anthropologist,”!a!film!that! cultural!anthropologist,!and!Crate’s!daughter! contemplates!the!fate!of!the!planet!from!the! Kathryn!YegerovfCrate!adds!an!inCmate!depth!to! perspecCve!of!an!American!teenager,!January!22!at! the!film,!and!the!influence!of!two!strong,! MONDO.!Over!a!fivefyear!period,!the!teen!travels! independent!women!on!Bateson!and!YegerovfCrate! alongside!her!mother,!an!anthropologist!studying! is!evident.!The!film!is!a!compelling!look!into!a! the!impact!of!climate!change!on!indigenous! misunderstood!field,!as!seen!through!the!medium! communiCes.!…! of!its!two!subjects,!and!reveals!anthropology!to!be! an!everfevolving!discipline!with!a!broad!variety!of! applicaCons.!At!its!core,!The$Anthropologist!is!about! the!adapCve!strategies!socieCes!develop!to!cope! with!inevitable!change.!! h_p://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasaCempo/movies/sffff thefanthropologist/arCcle_e8b71da7f7922f58c7fba05f f28446d3a33d.html! St.$Louis$Film$FesKval$ Margaret!Mead,!the!bestfknown!anthropologist! of!all!Cme,!was!fascinated!by!how!remote!cultures,! locked!for!centuries!in!a!certain!way!of!life,! negoCated!changes!from!the!modern!world.!Today,! anthropologist!Susie!Crate!studies!communiCes! confronCng!climate!change:!melCng!permafrost,! receding!glaciers,!and!rising!Cdes.!Crate!and!her! ! daughter!travel!to!Siberia,!Peru,!and!the!Pacific! island!naCon!of!KiribaC!to!study!how!different! Susie$Crate$and$Ka;e$YegerovnCrate$ groups!adapt!to!climate!change.!Mead!is!a!vital!part! Director!Seth!Kramer!has!said!his!film!seeks!to! of!the!film,!present!both!in!her!anthropologist! offer!a!profound!human!dimension!to!the!issue!of! daughter's!remembrances!and!archival!footage!of! climate!change.!The!filmmakers!invesCgate!the! her!in!the!field!and!in!the!media,!but!the!heart!of! changing!environments!in!five!internaConal! the!story!is!Crate!and!her!teenage!daughter,!KaCe.! locaCons!including!the!Saha!Republic!in! As!KaCe!travels!the!world!with!her!mom,! Northeastern!Siberia,!where!permafrost!is!melCng,! someCmes!grudgingly,!she!resists!the!noCon!of! and!in!the!Peruvian!Andes,!where!the!Pastoruri! following!in!her!mother's!footsteps,!but!over!Cme! glacier!is!losing!mass!and!melCng!away.! she!becomes!more!and!more!appreciaCve!of! anthropology's!importance.!The!film!thus!contains! The!audience!sees!in!the!documentary!that,! two!motherfdaughter!pairs,!both!engaging!with! due!to!warmer!temperatures!there,!farmers!have!to! different!cultures!and!learning!how!they!preserve! climb!higher!and!higher!just!to!grow!their!crops.! tradiCons!and!adapt!to!changes!in!their!world.!“The! Some!of!the!indigenous!crops!are!already!lost!and,! Anthropologist”!is!a!followfup!to!the!Sundance!hit! eventually,!farmers!won’t!have!anywhere!else!to! and!Emmy!Award!nominee!“The!Linguists.”! farm!and!these!communiCes!will!have!to!migrate! somewhere!else!in!order!to!survive.!“As! h_p://cinemastlouis.org/sliff/2015/anthropologist! temperature!rises,!this!affects!people’s!ability!to! ‘The$Anthropologist’$Looks$at$Effects$of$Climate$ grow!food,”!Kramer!explains.!!“SocieCes!are!forced! Change$Through$Teenager's$Eyes$ to!negoCate!the!disrupCon!of!their!centuriesfold! ways!of!life.”! Tap$Into$Summit,!January!12,!2016!

83! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Indiewire!listed!“The!Anthropologist”!as!one!of! switch!to!renewable!forms!of!energy—as!unlikely!as! the!“10!MustfSee!Films”!at!DOC!NYC!in!November.! that!might!be—Russia!would!suffer!a!major!blow.! Last!month,!the!United!NaConal!EducaConal,! Any!major!restricCons!of!carbon!dioxide!output! ScienCfic!and!Cultural!OrganizaCon!(UNESCO)! would!also!hamper!the!Russian!economy.!Although! invited!the!directors!to!show!their!film!and!to! Russia’s!carbon!emissions!are!surpassed!by!those!of! parCcipate!on!climate!change!panels!at!the! China!and!the!United!States,!they!are!growing! InternaConal!Climate!Change!talks!in!Paris.!! rapidly,!and!some!analysts!suspect!that!Russia!could! h_ps://www.tapinto.net/towns/summit/arCcles/thef be!the!top!emi_er!by!2030.!Not!surprisingly,! anthropologistflooksfatfeffectsfoffclimate! skepCcal!reports!about!climate!change!oien! receive!prominent!coverage!in!the!Russian!press.!In! About&the&issue& 2010,!Time$Magazine!quoted!a!Russian! environmentalist!who!argued!that,!“Broadly! Global)Warming)and)Siberia:)Blessing) speaking,!the!Russian!posiCon!has!always!been!that! or)Curse?) climate!change!is!an!invenCon!of!the!West!to!try!to! GeoCurrents,!May!22,!2012 bring!Russia!to!its!knees.”!Such!paranoid!views!of! By!MarCn!W.!Lewis! climaCc!change!as!hosCle!machinaCons!of!the!West! are!not!uncommonly!held!by!the!Russian!public.! GeoCurrents!has!recently!emphasized!the! More!recently,!a!Voice!of!Russia!arCcle!showcased! forbidding!cold!of!the!Siberian!winter,!stressing!the! the!posiCon!of!Nikolay!Dobretsov,!Chairman!of!the! obstacles!that!such!a!climate!presents!for!the! Earth!Science!United!Academic!Council,!who! development!of!the!region.!UnmenConed!in!these! contends!that!a!40fyear!cycle!of!cool!and!warm! posts!is!the!possibility!that!Siberia’s!climate!will! periods!is!currently!driving!the!global!climaCc! significantly!change!over!the!coming!decades!due! regime,!and!that!a!change!to!cooler!Cmes!is! to!global!warming.!If!the!predicted!warming!occurs,! imminent.!As!a!result,!Dobretsov!argues,!global! could!the!change!prove!beneficial!for!Siberia,!and! warming!is!a!nonfissue.!…! Russia!more!generally?!Many!Russians!think!so.! Such!opCmism,!however,!might!prove!unwarranted,! Possible!economic!benefits!of!a!warmer!world! as!climate!change!could!also!generate!significant! for!Russia!are!spelled!out!in!recent!arCcle!by!Serge! problems!for!the!region.! Korepin.!The!displacement!of!the!Siberian! permafrost!zone,!which!could!retreat!by!more!than! 100!miles!(161!km)!by!2050,!would!facilitate!the! extracCon!of!mineral!resources.!The!reducCon!of! the!ArcCc!ice!pack,!moreover,!would!promote! mining!and!drilling!in!offshore!areas.!By!the!same! token,!the!retreat!of!the!pack!ice!will!ease!mariCme! transportaCon!in!the!far!north,!allowing!the!full! realizaCon!of!the!longfenvisaged!Northeastern! Passage,!shortening!shipping!routes!between!the! north!AtlanCc!and!the!north!Pacific.!Actually,!such! changes!are!already!occurring.!As!reported!last!year! by!the!New!York!Times:! ! The!Russians,!by!traveling!near!the!coast,! Mel;ng$Siberian$Permafrost$ have!been!sailing!the!Northeast!Passage!for! Regardless!of!Russia’s!potenCal!gains!from! a!century.!They!opened!it!to!internaConal! global!warming,!the!country!has!incenCves!for! shipping!in!1991,!aier!the!breakup!of!the! downplaying!the!severity!of!the!crisis.!The!Russian! Soviet!Union.!But!only!recently!have! economy!rests!heavily!on!the!export!of!fossil!fuels,! companies!begun!to!find!the!route! and!if!climatefchange!concerns!result!in!a!wholesale! profitable,!as!the!receding!polar!ice!cap!has!

84! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

opened!paths!farther!offshore—allowing! a!middle!posiCon,!suggesCng!that,!“global!warming! larger,!modern!ships!with!deeper!drais!to! set!the!stage!for,!but!did!not!directly!cause,!the! make!the!trip,!trimming!days!off!the!voyage! deadly!heat!wave.”!But!it!is!noteworthy!that!that! and!saving!fuel.! the!2010!heat!wave!was!not!felt!across!Russia.! While!European!Russia!was!baking,!most!of! Most!importantly,!warming!could!also!enhance! northwestern!Siberia!was!cooler!than!usual.! Russian!agriculture,!says!economist!Svetlana! Soboleva.!Although!drier!condiCons!might!damage! Even!if!global!warming!was!not!the!direct!cause! farming!in!southern!European!Russia,!warmer! the!2010!drought!and!heat!wave,!it!may!sCll!be! temperatures!and!longer!growing!seasons!would!be! influencing!Russia’s!climate.!A!recent!report!claims! beneficial!in!the!north!and!east,!especially!in! that!Russia!has!experienced!a!more!warming!over! Siberia.!Governmental!reports!have!already!noted! the!past!35!years!than!any!other!country:!“In!the! enhanced!agricultural!producCon!in!some!parts!of! last!35!years,!the!average!temperature!in!Russia! Russia!due!to!warmer!condiCons.!The!general! went!up!by!1.5!degrees,!while!the!average!figure! consensus!of!climatefchange!specialists!is!that! across!the!world!is!0.8!degrees.”!Such!warming!is! farming!will!be!enhanced!in!highflaCtude!belts—of! not!evenly!distributed.!The!most!significant! which,!Russia!holds!the!lion’s!share.!Indeed,!worstf temperature!changes!have!been!registered!in! case!scenario!maps,!such!as!that!posted!to!the!lei,! eastern!Siberia,!with!south!Chukotka!and!the! show!the!world’s!main!foodfproducCon!zones! Kamchatka!region!seeing!increases,!“1.5!to!two! moving!to!Canada,!Siberia,!and!northern!European! Cmes!more!than!in!the!rest!of!the!country.”! Russia.!In!such!an!eventuality,!Siberia!would! actually!have!a!large!advantage!over!North!America,! as!most!of!the!soil!of!northern!and!central!Canada! was!scrapped!off!by!the!conCnental!glaciers!during! the!Pleistocene!“ice!age”!and!then!refdeposited!in! the!ferCle!plains!of!the!American!Midwest.!Siberia,! in!contrast,!was!spared!extensive!glaciaCon!during! the!same!period,!and!in!some!areas!saw!the! development!of!ferCle,!windfdeposited!loess!soils.! …! Even!in!the!shortfterm,!the!local!effects!of! global!climate!change!defy!predicCon,!thwarCng! ! the!development!of!reliable!scenarios!for! Tipping$trees:$Mel;ng$permafrost$weakens$roots$ agricultural!adjustment.!If!the!main!consequence! of$Siberian$larch$forest$ for!Russia!is!the!lengthening!of!the!growing!season! Many!experts!expect!global!warming!to! in!Siberia,!the!agrarian!ramificaCons!for!the!country! accelerate,!in!part!due!to!processes!underway!in! could!well!be!posiCve.!But!many!experts!foresee! Siberia!itself.!The!permafrost!is!melCng!over!a!vast! major!climate!fluctuaCons,!marked!by!extreme! territory!of!Western!Siberia—the!size!of!France!and! weather!events,!as!the!Earth!warms,!which!could! Germany!combined—which!could!soon!turn!some! result!in!marked!increases!in!droughts,!heat!waves,! 360,000!square!miles!of!peat!bogs!into!a!watery! and!even!coldfsnaps.!For!some,!the!brutal!heat! landscape!of!shallow!lakes,!releasing!billions!of!tons! experienced!in!European!Russia!in!the!summer!of! of!methane,!a!potent!greenhouse!gas.!ScienCsts!are! 2010,!which!caused!an!esCmated!$15!billion!in! also!concerned!about!the!potenCal!thawing!of! economic!losses,!seems!a!harbinger!of!things!to! yedoma,!or!frozen!loess!deposits,!in!eastern!Siberia.! come.!Globalfwarming!skepCcs,!not!surprisingly,! As!the!Wikipedia!explains,!“the!amount!of!carbon! regard!the!heat!wave!of!2010!as!merely!an!outlying! trapped!in!this!type!of!permafrost!is!much!more! natural!event,!unconnected!with!humanfinduced! prevalent!than!originally!thought!and!may!be!about! climate!change.!A!recent!scienCfic!study!argues!for! 500!Gt,!that!is!almost!100!Cmes!the!amount!of!

85! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! carbon!released!into!the!air!each!year!by!the! north.!A!2011!arCcle!quotes!Anton!Vasilev,!special! burning!of!fossil!fuels.”!…! ambassador!for!Russia’s!Ministry!of!Foreign!Affairs,! as!arguing!that!“Our!northern!border!used!to!be! Another!problem!with!the!predicted!posiCve! closed!because!of!ice!and!a!severe!climate.!But!the! consequences!for!Siberia’s!agriculture!concerns! ice!is!going!away!we!cannot!leave!20,000!kilometers! seasonal!distribuCon!of!the!overall!warming.!In! unwatched.!We!can’t!leave!ourselves!in!a!posiCon! many!areas,!warming!has!affected!only!winter! where!we!are!undefended.”! temperatures,!with!temperatures!during!the! growing!season!remaining!stable!or!even!declining.! The!warming!of!Siberia’s!climate!may!even! Russian!scienCsts!who!examined!trends!in!the! harm!the!health!of!Siberia’s!residents.!The!expected! “degree!of!conCnentality”—that!is,!the!difference! increase!in!weather!variability,!marked!by!more! between!average!summer!and!average!winter! frequent!anomalies!and!extreme!events,!could! temperatures—showed!that!the!Siberian!climate!in! compromise!the!human!immune!response,! general!has!become!less!conCnental.!Winters,!in! especially!among!Siberian!indigenous!peoples.! other!words,!have!been!growing!milder!more! While!it!may!not!appear!dangerous!to!inhabitants! rapidly!than!summers!have!been!growing!warmer.! of!warmer!climes,!studies!show!that!a!rise!of! For!instance,!the!average!summer!temperature!in! summer!temperature!to!29°!C!and!above!causes! Krasnoyarsk!actually!fell!by!0.4!degrees!between! increased!mortality!among!peoples!of!the!Far! 1940!and!1990.!In!the!far!northeast,!however,!the! North.!In!addiCon!to!autoimmune!disorders,!other! opposite!trend!is!observed:!a!widening!of!the! health!consequences!of!global!warming!in!Siberia! seasonal!gap!over!the!period!between!1950!and! would!include!a!rise!in!enterovirusfcaused! 2000.! infecCons,!gastroenteriCs,!parasiCcal!diseases,! botulism,!and!rabies.!!Already!in!the!last!five!years! reports!have!been!appearing!of!infecConfspreading! Ccks!and!mites!emerging!earlier!in!the!season!in! south!Siberian!regions!of!Omsk!and!Novosibirsk.! Such!health!concerns,!however,!are!unlikely!to! sway!public!opinion!in!Russia.!In!all!likelihood,!the! Russian!government!will!conCnue!to!simultaneously! deny!and!welcome!global!warming.! h_p://www.geocurrents.info/place/russiafukrainefandf caucasus/siberia/globalfwarmingfandfsiberiafblessingforfcurse! Impact)on)Glacial)Melt)&)Access)to) ! Water)) Mel;ng$permafrost$stalagmites$and$stalac;tes$in$Siberia$ More!than!99%!of!the!world’s!tropical!glaciers! Russia’s!other!potenCal!gains!from!global! are!in!South!America!and!71%!of!those!are!found!in! warming!could!also!be!matched!by!losses.!The! Peru.!These!glaciers!are!crucial!to!Peru’s!water! thawing!of!permafrost,!for!example,!could!cause! supply!as!they!slowly!release!water!into!rivers! havoc!with!oil!and!gas!pipelines,!as!well!as!with! which!provide!drinking!water!and!water!for! other!industrial!and!residenCal!structures.!In!ciCes! agriculture,!hydroelectricity!and!industry!such!as! such!as!Norilsk!and!Irkutsk,!such!gradual! agrofexports!and!mining.! destrucCon!of!building!foundaCons!is!already! happening.!The!retreat!of!the!ArcCc!pack!ice!also! The!Stern!Review!states!“MelCng!glaciers!will! presents!problems!as!well!as!opportuniCes.!As!the! iniCally!increase!flood!risk!and!then!strongly!reduce! ocean!becomes!more!accessible,!it!could!also! water!supplies,!eventually!threatening!one!sixth!of! become!more!insecure.!As!a!result,!Russia!is! the!world’s!populaCon,!predominantly!in!the!Indian! contemplaCng!staConing!more!troops!into!the!far! subfconCnent,!parts!of!China!and!the!Andes!in!

86! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

South!America”.!Studies!show!that!glaciers!in!Peru! Lima!has!a!large!and!ever!increasing!water! have!irretrievably!lost!one!third!of!their!surface! deficit.!One!third!of!Peru’s!populaCon!inhabit!Lima,! area!since!1970.!The!now!unavoidable!melCng!of! living!in!what!is!essenCally!a!desert!with!li_le! glaciers!in!Peru!will!severely!reduce!water!supplies! rainfall!and!therefore!heavily!reliant!on!water!from! in!a!country!that!is!already!water!poor;!of!Peru’s!8.9! glacial!melt.!SEDAPAL,!the!municipal!water! million!rural!people!3.3!million!have!no!access!to! company,!confirms!that!there!are!water!shortages! drinking!water.! now!and!this!will!only!become!greater!with! increasing!demand!as!Lima’s!populaCon!grows.! In!rural!areas!agriculture!will!suffer!greatly!from! water!shortages.!This!will!hit!the!rural!poor!who! h_p://www.perusupportgroup.org.uk/perufclimatefchangef rely!on!small!scale!farming!for!their!subsistence!and! water.html! also!threaten!local!and!internaConal!export! Peru)Glaciers)Receding,)Mounting) markets.!The!urban!poor!will!be!equally!illfaffected.! Evidence)of)Climate)Change)) According!to!UNDP!research!the!poorest!in!urban! areas!receive!the!least!water!and!pay!the!highest! Liberty!Voice,!February!26,!2014 price!for!it;!a!reduced!water!supply!will!exacerbate! By!Natalia!Sanchez! this!situaCon.! The!Quelccaya!ice!cap!of!Peru!is!the!world’s! largest!tropical!body!of!ice.!The!ice!cap!has!accrued! its!mass!for!over!50!centuries,!and!in!2009!it!was! esCmated!that!the!area!of!Peru’s!glacier!had!been! reduced!by!about!20!percent.!A!study!led!by!PhD! candidate!JusCn!Stroup!and!Meredith!Kelly!from! Dartmouth’s!department!of!Earth!Sciences!found! the!cause!to!be!related!to!warming!temperatures.! Dartmouth’s!findings!support!the!argument!that!the! rising!temperatures,!and!not!other!natural! phenomena,!are!responsible!for!Peru’s!receding! glacier,!amounCng!the!evidence!of!global!climate! change.! Peru’s!glacier!took!about!1,600!years!to! establish!its!volume,!yet!in!25!years!most!of!it!has! been!lost.!Quelccaya’s!area,!once!spanning!over!800! acres,!has!reduced!in!size!to!less!than!250!acres.! According!to!the!NaConal!Geographic,!in!another! 30!years!the!glacier!will!have!completely!melted! away.!Research!into!the!melCng!of!Peru’s!glacier! and!other!tropical!ice!sheets!has!led!to!debates!on! the!causes!of!such!rapid!changes.!Among!the! causes!that!scienCsts!have!considered!are! temperature,!precipitaCon,!solar!irradiaCon,!and! Retreat$of$the$Yanamarey$Glacier$over$seven$years$ the!effect!that!human!carbon!emissions!have!in! Furthermore,!70%!of!Peru’s!energy!is! aggravaCng!climate!change.! hydroelectric,!energy!supplies!will!be!badly!affected! The!World!Glacier!Monitoring!Service!has!been! by!an!erraCc!and!dwindling!water!supply.!This!is! closely!observing!shiis!in!our!climate!and!the!effect! greatly!detrimental!to!development!and!a!2006! that!such!shiis!have!on!glaciers.!On!their!web!page,! World!Bank!study!esCmates!reduced!glacial!melt! WGMS!explains!that!the!melt!off!of!Peru’s!glacier! will!cost!Peru’s!energy!sector!between!£30!and! and!glaciers!worldwide,!has!been!triggered!by! £374!million.!

87! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! climate!change!and!amounts!to!evidence!that! surrounding!not!just!the!melCng!glaciers!but!the! climate!change!is!becoming!an!even!greater!global! impact!that!rising!temperatures!will!have!on!our! threat.!In!a!WGMS!report,!“Global!Glacier!Change:! way!of!life,!it!is!necessary!to!consider!the!effect!this! Facts!and!Figures,”!argue!that!climate!change!has! will!have!on!our!socieCes!and!our!economy.!The! impacts!on!sea!level!fluctuaCons,!increased! melCng!of!Peru’s!glacier!is!not!an!event!that!can!be! probability!of!regional!and!local!natural!hazards,!as! understood!in!isolaCon!only,!for!it!is!not!just!Peru’s! well!as!social!and!economic!implicaCons!for! problem.!The!implicaCons!of!rising!temperature! socieCes!that!depend!on!these!glaciers!as!a! stretch!to!Africa,!China,!and!the!United!States,!just! consistent!water!source.! to!name!a!few.!The!Mount!Kilimanjaro!melt!off!has! occurred!at!an!equally!alarming!rate!in!comparison! Lester!Brown,!the!president!of!the!Earth!Policy! to!Quelccaya.!From!1912!to!2007,!85!percent!of!the! InsCtute,!explains!that!the!Peru!glacier!recedes! glacier!a!top!Mt.!Kilimanjaro!has!melted!away.! about!20!feet!per!year!and!60!percent!of!Peru’s! populaCon!live!in!the!arid!costal!region!which! The!melCng!of!the!Himalayan!glacier!and! depend!on!glacial!runoff!to!supply!water!to!ciCes! Tibetan!Plateau!sustains!the!major!rivers!of!Asia.! and!farmers.!IniCally,!the!increase!in!runoff!would! With!China!leading!the!world!in!wheat!producCon,! also!increase!the!water!supply!in!tandem,!arCficially! reduced!water!levels!put!a!greater!demand!on! inflaCng!food!producCon;!but!as!the!years!conCnue,! countries!like!India!and!the!U.S.!to!help!cushion!the! with!the!glacier!only!becoming!smaller,!water!for! producCon!setback.!And!with!populaCons!only! irrigaCon!will!rapidly!decline!and!leave!these! conCnuing!to!rise,!there!is!no!way!to!ease!demand.! communiCes!with!a!considerable!shortage.!Brown! In!the!U.S.!it!is!esCmated!that!by!the!midfcentury! concludes!that!this!will!ulCmately!result!in!a!threat! there!will!be!a!reducCon!of!snowfpack!by!70! to!food!security!and!poliCcal!stability!in!the!region.! percent.!The!effects!of!this!have!already!been!seen! This!is!a!global!reality.!Climate!change!is!occurring! as!reservoirs!across!California!are!empCed!and! rapidly!worldwide;!as!glaciers!melt!and!aquifers!are! Governor!Brown!announces!that!ciCzens!must! depleted,!we!could!be!looking!at!the!greatest!threat! reduce!their!water!consumpCon!by!50!percent.!As! to!food!security!that!the!world!has!ever!faced.! temperatures!rise!and!water!sources!dry!up,! developed!countries!will!begin!to!feel!as!though! they!are!in!a!literal!pressure!cooker,!while!social!and! economic!demands!become!more!difficult!to!meet.! h_p://guardianlv.com/2014/02/perufglaciersfrecedingf amounCngfevidencefoffclimatefchange/! Climate)Hot)Map:)Global)Warming) Effects)Around)the)World) Union!of!Concerned!ScienCsts! Republic$of$KiribaK$$ The!Republic!of!KiribaC!is!a!lowflying!Pacific! Island!naCon!situated!just!west!of!the!InternaConal! Date!Line.!It!is!an!archipelago!of!33!islands—21!of! them!inhabited—with!a!total!land!area!of!313! square!miles!(811!square!kilometers).! Broggi$Glacier$in$Peruvian$Andes:$photo$in$had$from$1932;$ glacier$in$background$in$1999$ The!islands!are!atolls—each!one!a!ringfshaped! coral!reef!that!encircles!a!lagoon.!Because!atolls!are! Peru’s!receding!glacier!is!only!one!example! naturally!lowflying,!and!have!a!have!a!high!raCo!of! which!supports!the!amounCng!evidence!of!climate! coastline!to!land!area,!they!are!especially! change!on!a!global!scale.!With!all!the!buzz! vulnerable!to!seaflevel!rise!and!storm!surges.!

88! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

KiribaC!is!one!of!five!countries!composed!enCrely!of! increase.!If!the!stress!is!sustained!long!enough,!the! atolls.! corals!die.! Global!warming!contributes!to!seaflevel!rise!in! In!1998—a!recordfbreaking!year!for!sea!surface! two!major!ways:!through!melCng!of!glaciers!and!ice! temperatures—coral!bleaching!spiked!worldwide.! sheets!and!expansion!of!ocean!water!as!it!warms.! Severe!bleachings!also!occurred!in!2002!and!2006.! During!the!twenCeth!century,!global!mean!sea!level! What$the$Future$Holds$ rose!at!an!average!of!0.07!inches!(1.8!millimeters)! per!year.!However,!from!1993!to!2003!the!average! Global!warming!threatens!to!render!KiribaC! rate!of!seaflevel!rise!increased!to!around!0.12! unlivable!well!before!it!is!completely!submerged.!If! inches!(3.1!millimeters)!per!year.! our!heatftrapping!emissions!conCnue!at!today's! rates,!rising!ocean!waters!may!shrink!KiribaC's!land! With!most!of!its!land!only!a!few!feet!above!sea! area,!increase!storm!damage,!and!threaten!its! level,!KiribaC!has!already!seen!growing!damage! freshwater!reserves.!The!IfKiribaC!people!risk!losing! from!storms!and!flooding.!Some!of!the!naCon’s! their!homes,!country,!and!heritage.!Climate!change! uninhabited!islets!have!even!vanished!beneath!the! could!also!undermine!the!sovereignty!of!the! Pacific.! Republic!of!KiribaC.! Most!of!KiribaC’s!112,000!people!live!on!the! ScienCsts!expect!a!warming!global!climate!to! atoll!of!Tarawa,!where!the!capital!(also!called! cause!further!seaflevel!rise!over!this!century!and! Tarawa)!is!located.!The!city!of!Tarawa!is!less!than! beyond.!If!we!do!nothing!to!reduce!our!carbon! 9.8!feet!(3!meters)!above!sea!level.!KiribaC's! emissions,!global!sea!level!is!projected!to!rise!as! president!has!alerted!the!United!NaCons!to!the! high!as!23!inches!(59!cenCmeters)!over!recent! challenges!the!country!faces!from!beach!erosion,! average!levels!by!the!end!of!this!century.!If,!on!the! seaflevel!rise,!and!contaminaCon!of!freshwater.! other!hand,!we!make!significant!efforts!to!reduce! our!emissions,!seaflevel!rise!between!now!and!the! end!of!the!century!could!be!at!most!15!inches!(38! cenCmeters).! Recent!evidence!of!higher!rates!of!global!seaf level!rise!from!melCng!ice!on!land!suggests!that! these!projecCons—based!largely!on!a!warming! ocean—may!be!low.!Given!recent!accelerated! shrinking!of!glaciers!and!ice!sheets,!scienCsts!now! ! think!that!a!rise!of!2.6!feet!(80!cenCmeters)!is! plausible—and!that!as!much!as!6.6!feet!(2!meters)! Kiriba;$being$inundated$ is!possible!though!less!likely.!Many!countries!are!at! Rising!sea!surface!temperatures!pose!an! risk!of!seawater!incursion,!parCcularly!those!with! addiConal!danger!to!KiribaC.!Coral!reefs—which!are! major!river!deltas,!lowflying!areas,!and!coastal! criCcal!to!sustaining!atolls!and!their!islands—are! regions.! very!sensiCve!even!to!small!increases!in!ocean! temperature,!which!can!cause!coral!bleaching.! Severe!and!frequent!coral!bleaching!caused!by! warming!ocean!waters!could!hinder!the!growth!of! Corals!are!marine!animals.!Their!spectacular! KiribaC's!reefs,!compounding!the!dangers!of!seaf coloraCon!comes!from!symbioCc!algae,!which!also! level!rise.!If!our!heatftrapping!emissions!conCnue!to! nourish!them.!When!increases!in!ocean! increase!at!today's!rates,!sea!surface!temperatures! temperature!or!ultraviolet!light!stress!the!corals,! are!projected!to!rise!as!much!as!5.4°!F!(3°!C)!by!the! they!lose!algae!and!turn!white.!Without!the!algae,! end!of!the!century.! corals!can!starve,!their!growth!and!reproducCon! can!decline,!and!their!vulnerability!to!disease!can! ScienCsts!project!that!by!2080,!the!risk!of! flooding!in!Pacific!atoll!countries!is!likely!to!be!

89! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! roughly!200!Cmes!greater!than!at!the!start!of!this! the!internaConal!negoCaCons!on!climate!change!in! century.!Without!any!adaptaCon,!KiribaC!could!lose! Bonn!last!month.! about!34!percent!of!its!1998!GDP!by!2050!because! In!March!the!Intergovernmental!Panel!on! of!climate!change!and!seaflevel!rise.! Climate!Change!published!the!volume!on! AdaptaCons!such!as!desalinizing!the!saltwater! adaptaCon!of!its!fiih!assessment!report,!confirming! that!intrudes!into!freshwater!aquifers!are! in!starker!terms!forecasts!first!outlined!by!scienCsts! technologically!possible.!However,!given!that! in!1990.!Within!a!few!decades,!small!islands!in!the! KiribaC!and!other!lowflying!island!countries,! Pacific!and!Indian!oceans!risk!being!extensively!or! including!the!Maldives!and!Tuval,!are!among!the! even!completely!submerged.!In!places!the!sea!level! poorest!naCons!in!the!world,!they!are!unlikely!to!be! is!rising!by!1.2cm!a!year,!four!Cmes!faster!than!the! able!to!afford!such!measures.! global!average.! h_p://www.climatehotmap.org/globalfwarmingflocaCons/ The!cost!of!protecCng!these!places!against! republicfoffkiribaC.html! rising!sea!levels,!compared!with!naConal!income,!is! Besieged)by)the)rising)tides)of)climate) among!the!highest!in!the!world.!KiribaC,!Tuvalu!and! change,)Kiribati)buys)land)in)Fiji)) the!Maldives!are!among!the!10!countries!where!the! financial!impact!of!climate!change!is!the!most! The$Guardian,!June!30,!2014 severe.! By!Laurence!Caramel! For!many!of!these!countries,!which!are! Na;on$finalizes$purchase$of$land$on$Vanua$Levu,$ represented!by!the!Alliance!of!Small!Island!States,! 2,000km$away,$but$it$may$be$just$the$first$of$many$ the!impacts!of!climate!change!are!“irreparable.”!as! seeking$refuge$$ Tong!has!oien!stressed.!“Whatever!is!agreed!within! The!people!of!KiribaC,!a!group!of!islands!in!the! the!United!States!today,!with!China![the!two!largest! Pacific!ocean!parCcularly!exposed!to!climate! sources!of!CO2!emissions],!it!will!not!have!a!bearing! change,!now!own!a!possible!refuge!elsewhere.! on!our!future,!because!already,!it's!too!late!for!us!...! President!Anote!Tong!has!recently!finalized!the! And!so!we!are!the!canary.!But!hopefully,!that! purchase!of!20!sq!km!on!Vanua!Levu,!one!of!the!Fiji! experience!will!send!a!very!strong!message!that!we! islands,!about!2,000!km!away.! might!be!on!the!frontline!today,!but!others!will!be! on!the!frontline!next,”!he!said!in!an!interview!on! The!Church!of!England!has!sold!a!stretch!of!land! CNN!last!month.!This!explains!why!small!island! mainly!covered!by!dense!forest!for!$8.77m.!“We! states!think!it!is!so!important!to!set!up!an! would!hope!not!to!put!everyone!on![this]!one!piece! internaConal!mechanism!for!loss!and!damage,!to! of!land,!but!if!it!became!absolutely!necessary,!yes,! compensate!for!the!irremediable!consequences!of! we!could!do!it,”!Tong!told!the!Associated!Press.! global!warming.! KiribaC!has!a!populaCon!of!about!110,000!sca_ered! over!33!small,!lowflying!islands!extending!over!a! total!area!of!3.5m!sq!km.! In!2009!the!Maldives!were!the!first!to!raise!the! possibility!of!purchasing!land!in!another!country!in! anCcipaCon!of!being!gradually!submerged.!At!the! Cme!the!government!looked!at!opCons!in!India!and! Sri!Lanka.! Now!KiribaC!has!taken!acCon.!“KiribaC!is!just! the!first!on!a!list!which!could!get!longer!as!Cme! passes,”!says!Ronald!Jumeau,!Seychelles! ambassador!at!the!United!NaCons,!who!took!part!in! ! Kiriba;$flooded$

90! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

The!internaConal!community!approved!the! principle!of!such!a!mechanism!in!November!2013.! “When!a!populaCon!is!forced!to!leave!its!country,!it! is!no!longer!a!ma_er!of!adaptaCon,”!Jumeau!claims.! “Where!will!these!countries!find!funds?!It!is!up!to! the!industrialized!countries,!which!caused!global! warming,!to!shoulder!their!responsibiliCes.”!He! wants!to!make!the!loss!and!damage!mechanism!a! priority!for!the!global!deal!on!climate!change!slated! to!be!signed!in!Paris!in!December!2015.! In!the!immediate!future,!the!land!purchased!by! KiribaC!will!above!all!be!used!to!for!agricultural!and! fishffarming!projects!to!guarantee!the!naCon's!food! security.!With!sea!water!increasingly!contaminaCng! the!atolls’!groundwater!and!catastrophic!coral! bleaching—total!in!some!cases!such!as!Phoenix! atoll—there!are!growing!food!shortages.!“Among! the!small!islands,!KiribaC!is!the!country!that!has! done!most!to!anCcipate!its!populaCon’s!future! needs,”!says!François!Gemenne,!a!specialist!on! migraCons!at!VersaillesfSaint!QuenCn!University,! France.!“The!government!has!launched!the! ‘migraCon!with!dignity’!policy!to!allow!people!to! apply!for!jobs!on!offer!in!neighboring!countries!such! as!New!Zealand.!The!aim!is!to!avoid!one!day!having! to!cope!with!a!humanitarian!evacuaCon.”! KiribaC!has!longfstanding!relaCons!with!Fiji.!In! the!1950s!families!from!Banaba!island,!who!had! been!displaced!to!make!room!for!a!phosphate! mine,!took!refuge!there,!Gemenne!recalls.! According!to!the!IPCC!there!is!as!yet!no!proof! that!climate!change!is!the!only!cause!of!migraCon! from!small!Pacific!islands.!But!in!the!most! vulnerable!places,!islanders!have!few!opCons.!The! government!of!the!Marshall!islands!has!decided!to! follow!KiribaC’s!example.!Others,!such!as!Tuvalu,! refuse!to!entertain!the!idea!of!leaving!their!land.!In! either!case,!the!radical!decision!by!President!Tong! highlights!their!dilemma.! h_p://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jul/01/ kiribaCfclimatefchangeffijifvanuaflevu! Susie$Crate$and$Ka;e$YegerovnCrate$

91! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! The&True&Cost& Shamini$Dhana!is!the!Founder!and!CEO!of!Dhana! Inc.,!founded!in!2008,!a!cerCfied!B!Corp.!based!in! Marin,!CA,!and!an!awardfwinning!ethical!fashion! brand!for!our!youth.!Shamini’s!mantra!is!“We’re! Wearin’!the!World™,”!which!we!do!by!connecCng! people!with!the!planet!through!our!clothes.!Dhana! is!a!Climate!Ride!Ambassador,!a!global!traveler,!has! 20!years!of!corporate!execuCve!experience,!and!is! an!Associate!Producer!of!The$True$Cost.! AddiConally,!Shamini!is!Founder!and!CEO!of!Dhana! EcoKids!sustainable,!organic!fashions!for!kids!and! adults.!Shamini!brings!to!the!ecoffashion!world!over! 20!years!of!experience!in!internaConal!strategy,! global!operaCons,!venture!capital,!business! development,!and!execuCve!leadership!in!corporate! America.! Speakers,)Panels,)and) Shamini’s!awardfwinning!global!lifestyle!and!fashion! brand!for!children!and!teens!offers!a!collecCon!of! Presentations) ethical!and!sustainable!styles!that!redefine!our! connecCon!to!people!and!the!planet.!She!travels! Indian&Point& the!world,!spreading!the!Dhana!spirit!and!helping! children!learn!to!embrace!our!global!cultures!and! Mary$Beth$Brangan!is!a!documentary!video!and! Mother!Nature!through!the!clothes!they!wear.! radio!producer,!educator,!and!community!and! internaConal!organizer.!She!cofdirects!EON,!the! A&Conversation:&Pedal&or&Gas& Ecological!OpCons!Network.!She!is!an!awardf Pedal& winning!filmmaker!of!many!socialf!and! environmentalfissue!documentaries.!Her!work!has! Creating)Bike]Friendly)Communities) been!broadcast!and!toured!naConally!and! Jeff$Mapes!was!unCl!recently!a!poliCcal!reporter!for! internaConally;!aired!in!Congress!and!at!the!United! The$Oregonian!in!Portland!for!many!years!and! NaCons;!shown!on!PBS,!ABC,!CNN,!and!other!cable! covered!numerous!legislaCve!sessions!and!poliCcal! outlets;!and!used!in!parliaments,!universiCes,! campaigns!at!the!naConal!and!state!level.!Before! libraries,!and!by!ciCzens’!organizaCons!and!NGOs! that,!he!was!a!Washington!correspondent!for! worldwide.!Her!work!has!been!honored!at!the! Scripps!League!Newspapers!and!began!his!career!at! Sundance,!American,!San!Francisco!AsianfAmerican,! the!Napa$Register!in!California.!He!is!the!author!of! Dallas,!Hawaii!InternaConal,!and!Margaret!Mead! Pedaling$Revolu;on:$How$Cyclists$are$Changing$ Film!FesCvals,!among!others.!She!is!working!on!a! American$Ci;es,!which!was!published!in!2009.! new!documentary,!SHUTDOWN:$The$Californian Fukushima$Connec;on.!Mary!Beth!currently!seeks! James$Sievert!teaches!bike!and!pedestrian!safety!to! to!educate!people!about!many!issues:!the!impact!of! thousands!of!students!as!the!lead!instructor!for!the! poliCcal!policy!on!nuclear!weapons!and!nuclear! Marin!County!Safe!Routes!to!Schools!program.!Over! power;!the!health,!safety,!privacy,!and!poliCcal! a!decade!carffree,!James!is!cerCfied!as!a!cycling! effects!of!wireless!microwave!technologies;!clean,! instructor,!expert!racer!and!mechanic.!Aier!being! renewable!energy;!and!truly!democraCc!elecCons! struck!by!an!ina_enCve!driver!and!later!touring! free!from!fraud.! Dutch!cycling!faciliCes,!he!became!an!acCve!

92! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! advocate!for!be_er!cycling!condiCons!in!his! Ocean&Panel&and&Copepods& community.!! Meghan$HartneI:!Program!Director/Coordinator!of! PlantPure&Nation& Sailing!EducaCon!Adventures/Call!of!the!Sea! Dr.$Michael$Klaper!is!a!giied!clinician,! Heather$Itzla:!Founder!of!There!is!No!Away! internaConally!recognized!teacher,!and!soughtfaier! Kimball$Livingston!(aka!Neptune):!InternaConal! speaker!on!diet!and!health.!He!has!pracCced! sailor,!author,!and!Ocean!Environmental!Advocate! medicine!for!more!than!40!years!and!is!a!leading! educator!in!applied!plantfbased!nutriCon!and! Barbara$McVeigh:!Journalist!and!filmmaker,!Racing$ integraCve!medicine.! with$Copepods! Antarctica&3D:&On&the&Edge& Kyan$Walker:!13fyearfold!youth!in!Racing$with$ Copepods! Jon$Bowermaster!is!a!writer,!filmmaker!and! adventurer.!Jon!is!a!sixfCme!grantee!of!the!NaConal! The&Anthropologist& Geographic!ExpediCons!Council.!One!of!the! Susan$A.$Crate!is!a!Professor!of!Anthropology!in!the! Society’s!“Ocean!Heroes,”!his!first!assignment!for! Department!of!Environmental!Science!and!Policy!at! NaConal!Geographic!Magazine!was!documenCng!a! George!Mason!University.!An!environmental!and! 3,741!mile!crossing!of!AntarcCca!by!dogsled.!Jon! cogniCve!anthropologist,!she!has!worked!with! has!wri_en!a!dozen!books!and!produced/directed! indigenous!communiCes!in!Siberia!since!1988.!Her! more!than!fiieen!documentary!films.!His!Oceans!8! recent!research!has!focused!on!understanding!local! project!took!him!and!his!teams!around!the!world!by! percepCons!and!adaptaCons!of!Viliui!Sakha! sea!kayak!over!the!course!of!ten!years!(1999f2008),! communiCes!in!the!face!of!unprecedented!climate! bringing!back!stories!from!the!AleuCan!Islands!to! change—a!research!agenda!that!has!expanded!to! French!Polynesia,!Gabon!to!Tasmania,!and!more,! Canada,!Peru,!Wales,!KiribaC,!Mongolia,!and!the! reporCng!on!how!the!planet’s!one!ocean!and!its! Chesapeake!Bay.!She!is!the!author!of!numerous! various!coastlines!are!faring!in!today’s!busy!world.! peerfreviewed!arCcles!and!one!monograph,!Cows,$ Jon!lives!in!New!York’s!Hudson!Valley.!He!is! Kin,$and$Globaliza;on:$An$Ethnography$of$ President!of!Oceans!8!Films!and!One!Ocean!Media! Sustainability!(AltaMira!Press!2006).!She!is!coeditor! FoundaCon,!chairman!of!the!advisory!board!of! of!Anthropology$and$Climate$Change:$From$ Adventurers!and!ScienCsts!for!ConservaCon,!and!a! Encounters$to$Ac;ons!(Lei!Coast!Press,!Inc.!2009),! board!member!of!the!Celine!Cousteau!Film! with!its!second!volume,!Anthropology$and$Climate$ Fellowship.! Change:$From$Ac;ons$to$Transforma;ons,!released! Climate&Reality&Presentation& in!early!2015.!She!also!served!on!the!American! Anthropology!AssociaCon’s!Task!Force!on!Climate! MarinSEL$Students:!In!the!fall!of!2015,!11!students! Change.! from!the!Marin!School!of!Environmental!Leadership! (MarinSEL)!a_ended!the!Climate!Reality!Leadership! Corps!training!in!Florida!(a!state!that!has!banned! the!term!“climate!change”),!led!by!former!vice! president!Al!Gore.!The!program!welcomes! hundreds!of!change!makers!from!around!the!globe! and!equips!them!to!inspire!acCon!in!their! communiCes!through!numerous!“acts!of! leadership.”!Their!experience!will!be!presented!in!a! 20fminute!talk!with!a!Q&A!following.!Students! appearing!include!Taren!Bouwman,!Ana!Paula! Vasconselos,!Monica!Zeiden,!and!Chelsea!Crandall.!

93! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Day)Three:)February)10,)2016) Over)Troubled)Waters But!you’ve!probably!heard!the!story!of!the! Delta!told!by!people!who!want!to!reshape!it!to!take! the!water!and!create!corporate!wealth.! So!much!of!what!you!have!heard!is!misleading,! even!wrong.! In!California!and!in!naConal!media,!the!Delta! has!been!brought!to!you!by!a!poliCcally!powerful! and!wellffinanced!PR!machine.!The!people!behind! this!machine!don’t!care!about!the!longfterm!health! ) of!California’s!water!resources!or!the!people!who! rely!on!them.! About&the&)ilm& The$Other$Side$Of$The$Story$ 45!mins.! You!deserve!to!hear!the!story!of!the!Delta!told! Director,!Editor!Russell$Fisher by!the!other!side!of!the!issue,!the!people!who!are! Producers!Russell$Fisher,$Jason$Sturgis fighCng!for!this!unique!region!and!for!a!sane!and! Screenwriter!Jane$Wagner_Tyack sustainable!water!policy!for!the!whole!state.! Cinematographer!Jason$Sturgis,$Richard$Burton$ For!this!documentary,!we’ve!talked!to!North! (aerial)! Coast!fishermen!and!to!Delta!and!Northern! Restore)the)Delta’s)“Over)Troubled) California!farmers!who!have!already!seen!their!way! Waters”) of!life!changed,!for!the!worse,!by!the!way!California! has!been!managing!its!water.! The!Eco!Report,!October!16,!2015 From!Restore!The!Delta! We’ve!talked!to!people!who!maintain!the! Delta’s!levees,!to!people!who!recreate!in!the!Delta,! There$is$more$to$California’s$Water$Crises$than$the$ and!to!people!who!understand!the!needs!of!the!fish! drought.$Some$of$the$deeper$issues$are$documented$ and!other!creatures!who!call!the!Delta!home!or! In$Restore$the$Delta’s$“Over$Troubled$Waters”$ pass!through!it,!as!the!salmon!do!to!spawn.! Available!for!the!first!Cme!for!free!to!the!public.!Our! We!let!you!hear!from!interests!on!both!sides.! award!winning!documentary!narrated!by!Ed!Begley,! And!we!shine!a!bright!light!on!some!of!the!claims! Jr.!on!the!struggle!to!stop!the!water!grab!via!the! that!have!been!used!to!jusCfy!sending!ever!more!of! Delta!tunnels!project,!and!the!ways!to!create!a! the!Delta!region’s!water!to!benefit!corporate! sustainable!water!supply!for!California.!Grab!a!cold! agriculture!and!Chinatownfstyle!big!water! one!and!learn.!View!Cme!45!minutes.!Sign!our! development!interests.! peCCon!to!stop!the!Delta!tunnels!boondoggle:! Restore!the!Delta!is!a!grassroots!organizaCon! The!San!Francisco!BayfDelta,!largest!estuary!on! that!has!been!fighCng!for!years!to!protect!this! the!west!coast!of!the!Americas!and!a!naConal! unique!community!of!farmers,!fishermen,!and! treasure.!.!.! environmentalists!who!want!to!preserve!the!Delta’s! If!you!have!heard!of!the!Delta!at!all,!you!have! way!of!life!and!its!unique!and!threatened! heard!that!it!is!both!a!vital!resource!and!a!seriously! ecosystem.!We!understand!that!in!the!long!run,! threatened!region.! water!policies!that!are!bad!for!the!Delta!are!bad!for! everybody.!

94! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

We!need!your!help!to!share!this!story,!not!just! they!have!been!forced!to!let!producCve!land!go! for!the!Delta,!but!for!the!future!of!California.! fallow.! Click!here,!for!Restore!the!Delta’s!website! However,!the!San!Joaquin!River!Delta!is!not!just! a!pipeline!to!our!farms.!It!is!an!inland!estuary!that! Review)of)Over&Troubled&Waters& hundreds!of!species!call!home.!The!state!and! California’s$Troubled$Waters:$The$Estuary$vs.$The$ federal!governments!already!run!huge!pumps!at!its! Tap$ southern!end!to!siphon!off!drinking!and!irrigaCon! water,!pumping!the!delta!to!common!Californians! Green!Home,!July!27,!2012 as!well!as!to!farms!that!produce!around!half!the! By!Debra!Atlas! country’s!fruits!and!veggies.! SACRAMENTO!—!On!Wednesday,!California! Supporters!say!the!proposed!tunnels,!with!a! Governor!Jerry!Brown!and!Interior!Secretary!Ken! pricetag!that!The!LA!Times!cites!as!$23!billion,! Salazar!announced!what!they!consider!a!landmark! would!provide!a!steady!water!supply!for!farmers! soluCon!to!the!state’s!water!shortage:!plans!to!build! and!towns!south!of!the!delta,!and!would!help!the! a!massive!twin!tunnel!system!that!will!bring! endangered!fish!species.!Environmentalists!counter! precious!water!from!the!San!Joaquin!River!Delta!to! that!these!tunnels!would!harm!the!already!fragile! farms!and!ciCes.!These!two!33fmileflong!tunnels! delta!and!its!fisheries,!increase!water!use!costs,!and! have!sCrred!the!pot!of!an!ongoing!water!war.!This! destroy!water!quality,!which!would!then!devastate! controversy!is!at!the!heart!of!a!new!documentary,! the!local!agricultural!economy.! Over$Troubled$Waters.! The!planned!tunnel!system!would!divert!up!to! 67,500!gallons!of!water!per!second!from!the!delta—! enough!to!fill!six!Olympic!swimming!pools!each! minute!!Water!would!be!pumped!from!the! Sacramento!River,!bypassing!the!delta!altogether,! and!carried!60!miles!below!ground!to!pumping! faciliCes!near!Tracy.!ExisCng!canals!would!then! move!the!water!to!farms!in!the!Central!Valley!and! to!ciCes!as!far!away!as!San!Diego,!which!is!over!400! miles!south!of!Tracy.! The!plan!also!calls!for!designaCng!100,000!acres! as!flood!plain,!and!for!Cdal!marsh!restoraCon.! The$SacramentonSan$Joaquin$River$Delta$ Water!users!would!pay!for!the!infrastructure!and! California!has!a!long,!fracCous!history!with! the!tunnels!while!taxpayers!would!pay!for!the! water,!and!filmmaker!Russell!Fisher!set!out!to! restoraCon.! educate!the!public!with$Over$Troubled$Waters,!a! Groups!like!The!Nature!Conservancy!and! threefyear!labor!of!love.!The!issues!surrounding!the! American!Rivers!have!endorsed!the!plan,!seeing!it! Peripheral!Tunnels!are!reminiscent!of!an!iceberg:! as!a!chance!for!wetlands!restoraCon.!If!the!tunnel! what!is!obvious!is!only!a!small!porCon!of!what!is! plan!does!not!go!forward,!these!groups!fear!water! there.! contractors!could!use!their!influence!to!override!the! The!issue!comes!down!to!the!needs!of!people! Endangered!Species!Act!and!increase!water! versus!those!of!the!ecosystem.!Years!of!court! diversions!with!the!exisCng,!fishfkilling!pumps.! decisions!have!already!reduced!the!amount!of! Restore!the!Delta,!a!7,000fmember!grassroots! water!delivered!to!farms!due!to!the!decline!of! coaliCon!of!farming,!urban,!and!environmental! endangered!fish!species!such!as!salmon!and!smelt.! groups!commi_ed!to!making!the!SacramentofSan! Farmers,!parCcularly!those!in!large!agribusiness,!say! Joaquin!Delta!fishable,!swimmable,!drinkable,!and!

95! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

farmable,!believes!otherwise.!Bill!Jennings,!an! “Now!we’ll!put!it!underground,!and!we’ll! execuCve!commi_ee!member,!says,!“Taking!more! package!it!around!restoring!the!estuary—by!taking! water!won’t!restore!an!ecosystem!that’s!already! water!out!of!it!!How!do!you!make!the!estuary! hemorrhaging!from!lack!of!flows.!This!plan!is!not!a! be_er!by!doing!that?”!asks!Fisher.! path!to!restoraCon.!It’s!a!death!sentence!to!one!of! Fisher’s!film!Over$Troubled$Waters!incorporates! the!world’s!greatest!estuaries.”! stunning!cinematography!by!Jason!Sturgis,!who!has! Russell!Fisher,!director!of!the!documentary! been!featured!in!NaConal!Geographic,!and! Over$Troubled$ breathtaking!aerial!cinematography!by!Richard! Waters,!believes! Burton,!who!did!the!lion’s!share!of!filming!for!the! California!has!a! Discovery!Channel’s!Planet!Earth!series.!The!film!is! big!water!problem! narrated!by!actor!and!environmental!acCvist!Ed! but!that!there!are! Begley,!Jr.! soluCons,!many!of! Begley!says!he!has!been!interested!in!water! which!would!be! ma_ers!for!years.!In!the!1980s,!when!he!moved! less!expensive! into!his!southern!California!home,!Begley! than!the!tunnels! immediately!took!out!the!lawn,!planted!a!droughtf and!would! tolerant!garden,!and!installed!low!flush!toilets.! provide!just!as! much!water.! “There!was!some!pioneer!spirit!involved!in! being!conscious!of!water!then,”!Begley!recalls.! “They!say!they’ll! regulate!it,!shut!it! Then!he!learned!about!the!San!Francisco!Bay! off,!control!it!so! Delta,!and!how!our!thirst!for!massive!amounts!of! the!Delta!gets! water!devastated!the!salmon!populaCons!in! enough!water,”!says!Fisher.!“But!they!aren’t!doing! Northern!California.!Both!Begley!and!Fisher!cited! that!now!”! the!almost!completely!drained!Owens!Lake!as!an! example!of!water!greed.! Aier!researching!water!sales!in!California,! Fisher!says!that!there!are!hundreds!of!thousands!of! “We’re!the!bread!basket!and!the!le_uce!basket! acre!feet!of!water!being!sold!at!huge!profits!by!the! of!the!naCon!in! very!farmers!who!are!claiming!that!their!people!are! many!ways,”!says! out!of!work.!When!agriculture!was!established!in! Begley.!“But!at! the!San!Joaquin!Valley,!farmers!were!promised!an! what!cost!to!the! amount!of!water!which!works!out!to!be!more!than! environment?”! they!can!actually!be!given.!In!fact,!farmers!were! “In!Southern! promised!on!paper!over!eight!Cmes!the!amount!of! California,!the!only! water!that!actually!exists!in!the!system!!What’s! reason!we’ve!had! more,!the!agribusiness!sector!sCll!wants!this!“paper! this!kind!of!growth! water.”! is!because!we!have! “There’s!a!lot!of!vested!interests!in!water,”!says! our!straw!dipped!in!somebody!else’s!brick,”!he! Fisher.! adds.! As!far!as!the!“new”!tunnel!is!concerned,!Fisher! Begley!says!that!the!agriculture!industry!is!not! calls!it!“the!same!story!with!a!new!wrapper.”!During! necessarily!acCng!in!the!public’s!best!interests,!and! Governor!Jerry!Brown’s!first!term!as!governor!in!the! both!Begley!and!Fisher!encourage!people!to!get! 1980s,!Brown!proposed!a!canal!that!…!was!defeated! informed!and!get!involved!in!water!issues.!Fisher! by!voters!in!1982.! sees!a!disconnecCon!between!the!general!public! and!its!water.!The!massive!amount!of!finagling! required!to!sate!our!water!needs!is!invisible!to!most!

96! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! people.!It!never!occurs!to!them!that!we!could!run! Covering!more!than!700!square!miles,!the!Delta! out!of!water!one!day.! is!a!patchwork!of!nearly!60!islands!and!tracts! surrounded!by!natural!and!manfmade!channels!and! “There’s!a!level!as!to!how!much!the!system! sloughs.!It!is!a!popular!desCnaCon!for!boaters!and! [can]!support!as!far!as!people,!agriculture,!fisheries.! other!recreaConists,!and!home!to!more!than!750! There’s!a!balance!there,”!says!Begley.! disCnct!species!of!plants!and!wildlife.!Salmon,! He!urges!people!to!get!acCve!any!way!possible! striped!bass!and!other!key!species!such!as!Delta! in!their!personal!lives.!Then!show!up!at!your! smelt!depend!on!the!Delta!and!its!many!marshes! legislators’!offices,!or!write!them!on!this!issue.! and!waterways!for!their!food!and!habitat.! According!to!Begley,!one!le_er!equates!to!1,000! Since!about!twofthirds!of!the!islands!and!tracts! people!concerned,!and!100!le_ers!equals!100,000! are!below!sea!level,!the!Delta!relies!on!a!maze!of! people!! levees!to!protect!land!and!key!infrastructure!from! “It’s!a!thousandftofone!lever!you!hold!in!your! floods!and!daily!high!Cdes.!In!all,!there!are!more! hand,”!says!Begley.!“VoCng!day!is!important,!but! than!1,100!miles!of!levees!in!the!Delta,!including! the!vote!you!have!with!your!le_ers!and!peCCons,! many!built!more!than!a!century!ago!to!protect! that’s!very!powerful!”! farmland.!Were!it!not!for!these!levees,!the!Delta! California’s)Water:)Sacramento]San) would!be!a!740,000facre!brackish!inland!sea.! Joaquin)River)Delta) Today,!the!Delta’s!aging!and!increasingly!fragile! levee!system!is!being!asked!to!protect!much!more! Just!a!few!miles!south!of!Sacramento,!two!of! than!farmland.!Three!state!highways,!a!railroad,! California’s!major!rivers!converge!to!form!one!of!the! natural!gas!and!electric!transmission!faciliCes,!and! most!important!features!of!California’s!water! aqueducts!serving!water!to!parts!of!the!Bay!Area! system—the!SacramentofSan!Joaquin!River!Delta.! also!are!depend!on!Delta!levees.!In!addiCon,!more! More!than!23!million!Californians!and!millions!of! 400,000!people!live!in!Delta!towns!and! acres!of!farmland!rely!on!the!Delta!for!all!or!part!of! communiCes,!some!of!which!rank!among!the! their!water!supply,!and!countless!species!depend! fastest!growing!areas!in!California.! on!it!for!their!habitat. The!Delta!is!also!the!single!most!important!link! in!California’s!water!supply!system.!Two!of!the! state’s!biggest!water!projects—the!State!Water! Project!(SWP)!and!the!federal!Central!Valley!Project! (CVP)—depend!on!Delta!waterways!to!convey! water!from!Northern!California!rivers!to!pumping! faciliCes!in!the!southern!Delta.!Delta!levees!play!a! criCcal!role!in!prevenCng!salty!water!from!San! Francisco!Bay!from!intruding!into!criCcal!parts!of! the!Delta!and!contaminaCng!the!fresh!water!that! ! supplies!communiCes!and!farms.! But!for!all!its!importance,!few!people!know! h_p://www.acwa.com/content/delta/californiasfwaterf anything!about!the!Delta.!This!segment!of! sacramentofsanfjoaquinfriverfdeltaf0#the%20SacramentofSan “California’s!Water”!focuses!on!the!Delta!and!the! %20Joaquin%20River%20Delta! aging!levees!that!protect!farmland,!communiCes! and!criCcal!infrastructure.!The!segment!takes! A)cautionary)tale)for)the)ages:)Owens) viewers!on!a!boat!tour!of!the!Delta!for!a!close!look! Lake) at!this!unique!and!vulnerable!landscape,!a! Owens$Valley$Water$History$(Chronology)$ discussion!of!its!history!and!what!it!all!means!to! California.!Background!on!the!Issue! CHRONOLOGY!OF!KEY!EVENTS!

97! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

1902!The!ReclamaCon!Act!is!enacted!by!Congress! and!planning!begins!on!a!federal!reclamaCon! project!in!the!Owens!Valley!for!irrigaCon!of!as!much! as!185,000!acres.! 1905!Los!Angeles!Water!Commission!approves!plan! for!an!aqueduct!from!the!Owens!Valley!to!the!City! of!Los!Angeles.!City!of!Los!Angeles!begins! acquisiCon!of!land!and!water!rights!in!Southern! Owens!Valley!downstream!of!the!proposed! aqueduct!intake!dam.!Plans!for!a!U.S.!reclamaCon! project!in!the!Owens!Valley!are!abandoned.! ! 1905!ConstrucCon!of!the!Los!Angeles!Aqueduct!is! Owens$River$before$diversion$ commenced.! 1924f30!Residents!of!the!Owens!Valley!oppose!Los! Angeles’s!land!and!water!rights!purchases!and! water!exports.!Violence!sporadically!occurs.!

! Aqueduct$from$Owens$Lake$

1913!LADWP!completes!aqueduct!and!begins!the! ! export!of!water!from!the!Owens!Valley!to!Los! Angeles!by!diverCng!the!water!from!62!miles!of!the! Owens$Valley$Aqueduct$ Owens!River.!The!capacity!of!the!aqueduct!is! 1925!Merchants!demand!reparaCons!for!loss!of! approximately!480!cfs!(300,000!acre!feet!per!year).! business!due!to!Los!Angeles’!purchase!of!the! valley’s!farm!lands;!in!response,!a!state!law!is! 1914!The!State!ConsCtuCon!is!amended!to!allow! passed!that!allows!Los!Angeles!to!purchase! taxaCon!of!property!owned!by!ciCes!and!other! properCes!in!towns.!Los!Angeles!announces!that!it! enCCes!outside!of!their!boundaries.!(Land!owned! would!purchase!any!commercial,!residenCal!or! by!Los!Angeles!in!Owens!Valley!becomes!taxable! agricultural!property!offered!for!sale.!(By!1933,!Los! under!the!amendment.)! Angeles!has!purchased!85!percent!of!the!valley’s! 1924!Owens!Lake!becomes!a!dry!lake!bed!as!a! residenCal!and!commercial!property!and!95!percent! result!of!Los!Angeles’s!diversion!of!the!Owens!River.! of!the!valley’s!farm!and!ranch!land.)! Los!Angeles!announces!program!to!purchase!farm! 1934!Los!Angeles!files!water!rights!applicaCon!for! land!and!water!rights!in!the!valley!that!it!had!not! 200!cfs!of!water!from!the!Mono!Basin!and! already!purchased.!(Prior!to!the!commencement!of! commences!construcCon!of!an!11fmile! these!purchases,!Los!Angeles!has!assured!the! underground!water!tunnel!to!hydraulically!connect! residents!of!the!valley!that!it!would!only!purchase! the!Mono!Basin!with!the!Owens!River.! land!and!water!rights!downstream!of!the!aqueduct! intake!dam.)!

98! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

1938f44!Los!Angeles!begins!selling!properCes!in! 1945!Charles!Brown!Act!is!enacted!which!requires! valley!towns!directly!back!into!private!ownership! Los!Angeles!to!grant!exisCng!tenants!of!its!land!in! (not!at!aucCon)–but!without!the!associated!water! Inyo!County!the!first!right!of!refusal!on!lease! rights.!(By!1944,!approximately!60!percent!of!the! renewals!and!land!sales.! town!properCes–1,240!parcels–have!been!sold.)! 1947!Los!Angeles!resumes!sales!of!its!Owens!Valley! Los!Angeles!and!the!U.S.!Government!complete! town!properCes!at!public!aucCon!(without!water! negoCaCons!of!an!Indian!Exchange!Agreement!in! rights).! which!lands!occupied!by!NaCve!Americans!were! 1952!LADWP!diverts!the!river!from!the!Owens!River! exchanged!for!Los!Angelesfowned!lands!near! Gorge!(downstream!of!Long!Valley!Dam)!to!produce! Bishop,!Big!Pine,!and!Lone!Pine.!The!exchanges!did! hydroelectric!power.! not!include!water!rights,!but!Los!Angeles!agreed!to! supply!5,556!acreffeet!of!water!to!the!exchanged! 1957!Fish!and!Game!Code!§5937!is!adopted!which! lands.! requires!the!owner!of!a!dam!to!release!sufficient! water!below!the!dam!to!keep!fish!below!the!dam!in! 1940!LiCgaCon!brought!by!landowners!over!the! good!condiCon.!……! effects!of!Los!Angeles’!groundwater!pumping!in!the! Bishop!area!is!ended!by!the!entry!of!a!court!order! 1968!The!California!ConsCtuCon!is!amended!to! commonly!called!the!“Hillside!Decree”!which! change!the!manner!of!assessment!of!Los!Angelesf prohibits!Los!Angeles!from!pumping!and!exporCng! owned!property!in!Owens!Valley!and!to!prohibit! groundwater!from!an!area!around!Bishop!labeled!as! Inyo!County!from!taxing!water!exported!from! the!“Bishop!Cone.”! Owens!Valley.!Under!the!new!assessment! procedure!called!the!“Phillips!formula,”!the! assessment!of!Los!Angelesfowned!lands!in!the! valley!is!annually!adjusted!based!on!changes!in!the! per!capita!assessed!valuaCon!of!all!properCes!in!the! state.!

! “Inspec;ng$the$Mono$Craters$Tunnel.$H.A.$Van$Norman$(lek)$ succeeded$Mullholland$as$Water$and$Power$general$manager$ and$chief$engineer.”$ ! 1941!Los!Angeles!completes!construcCon!of!Mono! NASA$Earth$Observatory$view$of$Owens$Lake$in$2011$ Craters!Tunnel!and!begins!water!diversions!from! 1970!In!June,!the!Second!Los!Angeles!Aqueduct!is! Mono!Basin.!ConstrucCon!of!Long!Valley!Dam!is! completed.!The!capacity!of!the!Second!Aqueduct!is! completed!and!the!reservoir!(now!known!as! approximately!300!cfs!(200,000!acreffeet!per!year).! Crowley!Lake)!begins!to!fill.! The!combined!capacity!of!the!first!and!second! 1944!Los!Angeles!ceases!direct!sales!of!town!lands! aqueducts!is!approximately!780!cfs!(570,000!acref in!the!valley!on!the!advice!of!the!City!A_orney!that! feet!per!year).! direct!sales!are!illegal.! 1972!Los!Angeles!announces!plans!to!permanently! increase!groundwater!pumping!above!the!amounts!

99! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! that!it!disclosed!prior!to!and!during!the! cfs!aier!LADWP.!At!the!urging!of!the!Inyo!County,! construcCon!of!its!second!aqueduct.!The!sources!of! the!Court!makes!the!increased!pumping!conCngent! water!supply!to!the!Second!Aqueduct!are:! upon!Los!Angeles!adopCng!the!first!water! conservaCon!plan!for!the!city.!…! Increased!groundwater!pumping!from! Owens!Valley, 1980!The!Inyo!County!Board!of!Supervisors!submit! Decreased!irrigaCon!in!Owens!Valley,!and an!Owens!Valley!Groundwater!Management! Increased!diversions!from!Mono!Basin.! Ordinance!to!County’s!voters!and!the!Ordinance!is! overwhelming!approved.!The!Ordinance!creates!the! Five!months!aier!the!compleCon!of!the!Second! Inyo!County!Water!Commission!and!Inyo!County! Aqueduct,!the!California!Environmental!Quality!Act! Water!Department.!The!Ordinance!requires!the! (“CEQA”)!is!enacted.! Water!Department/Water!Commission!to!develop! 1972!In!December,!Inyo!County!commences!CEQA! an!Owens!Valley!water!management!plan!and! liCgaCon!against!Los!Angeles!seeking!the! requires!Los!Angeles!to!obtain!a!permit!from!the! preparaCon!of!an!EIR!on!the!Second!Aqueduct!and! County!before!it!can!pump!groundwater!from!the! a!halt!to!Los!Angeles’s!increased!groundwater! Owens!Valley.! pumping.! 1980!Los!Angeles!files!lawsuits!challenging!the! Groundwater!Management!Ordinance.!In!one!case,! LADWP!successfully!compels!the!County!to!prepare! an!EIR!on!its!Owens!Valley!water!management!plan! before!the!Ordinance!can!be!implemented.!In!a! second!case!(Inyo!Superior!Court!Case!No.!12908),! LADWP!challenges!the!legality!of!the!Owens!Valley! Groundwater!Management!Ordinance.! 1981!Based!on!a!challenge!by!Inyo!County,!a!second! LADWP!EIR!on!Second!Aqueduct!water!supply!is! $$ found!inadequate!by!the!Appellate!Court.! Alkali$dust$from$OwensLake$ 1982!An!MOU!dated!September!2,!1982!between! 1973!Third!District!Appellate!Court!(located!in! Inyo!County!and!LADWP,!announces!the!County’s! Sacramento)!issues!a!writ!commanding!Los!Angeles! and!LADWP’s!intent!to!work!together!to!idenCfy! to!prepare!an!EIR!on!the!water!supply!for!the! and!recommend!methods!to!meet!the!needs!of!the! Second!Aqueduct.!(Although!the!Court! valley!and!Los!Angeles.!The!MOU!creates!the!Inyo! acknowledged!that!construcCon!of!the!Second! County/Los!Angeles!Standing!Commi_ee!and!Inyo! Aqueduct!had!been!completed!by!the!effecCve!date! County/Los!Angeles!Technical!Group. of!CEQA,!it!found!that!the!water!supply!to!the! Second!Aqueduct!was!a!project!subject!to!CEQA.)! 1973–1984!The!Appellate!Court!restricts! groundwater!pumping!by!Los!Angeles!to!149!cfs! (108,000!AF/Y)!pending!Court!approval!of!an! LADWP!EIR!on!the!water!supply!for!the!Second! Aqueduct.!…! LADWP!cuts!water!supplies!to!Owens!Valley! ranchers.!Inyo!County!obtains!order!from!Appellate! ! Court!requiring!water!supply!to!be!restored.! Owens$Dry$Lake,$2015$ Due!to!severe!drought,!upon!applicaCon!by!LADWP,! h_p://www.inyowater.org/documents/reports/owensfvalleyf Appellate!Court!allows!LADWP!to!pump!up!to!315! waterfhistoryfchronology/!

100! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

(Nordfor) thrown!away.!But!the!boys!brought!with!them!two! North)of)the)Sun) items!of!utmost!importance:!their!suríoards.! Sola)) Surfing!was!perhaps!their!biggest!moCvaCon!for!the! ArcCc!adventure.!Because!the!remote!bay!holds!a! wellfkept!secret:!some!of!the!world’s!mostfperfect! waves.! h_p://www.northoihesun.no/! Inge$Wegge!studied!film!at! Nordland!College!of!Film!and! Art!in!Lofoten,!in!the!north!of! Norway.!He!started!filming! when!he!was!14!and!made! some!skateboard!films!with! his!friends.!He!conCnued! making!films!and!documenCng! the!acCviCes!around!him,!and! he’s!very!grateful!for!having! the!chance!to!do!what!he!loves!doing!and!sharing!it! this!way.!Aier!making!North$of$the$Sun!he!has!had! the!opportunity!to!conCnue!filming!as!a!TV! cinematographer.! Jørn$Nyseth$Ranum’s! interest!in!film!started!when! he!was!quite!young.!With!his! dad’s!video!camera,!he!gave! life!to!his!toys!through! animaCon.!Later!on,!it!was! snowboarding!and!docuf menCng!events!in!everyday! About&the&)ilm& life!that!got!interesCng.!He! began!experimenCng!with! 46!.ins.! ediCng,!sound,!and!image.!At!Nordland!college!of! Directors/screenwriters/cinematographers!Jørn$ art!and!film,!he!worked!a!lot!with!ficCon!and!was! Nyseth$Ranum,$Inge$Wegge very!fascinated!by!the!stories!and!universes!one!can! Producer!Anne$Bergseng create!through!film.!During!school!and!aier! Editor!Marta$Sæverud$ graduaCon,!the!field!of!cinematography!caught! most!of!his!a_enCon.! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_2486904/fullcredits? ref_=__cl_sm#cast! h_p://www.nfi.no/english/norwegianfilms/search/Film? key=105727! Inge!Wegge,!then!25,!and!Jørn!Ranum,!then!22,! spent!nine!months!of!cold,!Norwegian!winter!in!the! The)Coldest)Wave) isolated!and!uninhabited!bay!of!a!remote,!ArcCc! ESPN,!Oct.!20,!2012 island!by!the!coast!of!Northern!Norway,!facing! By!Casey!Butler! nothing!but!the!vast!North!AtlanCc!Ocean.!There! they!built!a!cabin!out!of!driiwood!and!other!castf There’s!a!remote!bay!at!the!northern!edge!of! off!materials!that!washed!up!on!shore,!and!ate! Norway,!north!of!the!ArcCc!Circle,!north$of$the$sun!! expired!food!the!stores!would!otherwise!have!

101! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Powerful!AtlanCc!swell!systems!rendezvous! then!drove!to!the!grocery!store!in!their!biodiesel! there.!Rights,!leis!and!Afframes!ba_er!the!sand,! van.! which!is!oien!strewn!with!washedfashore!rubbish.! They!stuffed!their!sacks!with!provisions!whose! The!elements!are!harsh,!the!scenery!breathtaking.! expiraCon!dates!had!passed!(rendering!them!free)! This!is!where!Inge!Wegge!and!Jørn!Nyseth!Ranum! and!then!carried!it!all!back—on!foot.!Shockingly,! decided!to!live!for!a!winter.!From!September! they!gained!weight!while!living!up!there.!“We!ate! through!May,!to!be!exact.! twice!as!much!as!normal!and!worked!so!hard,”! The!Norwegian!winter!is!lengthy.!The!film! Wegge!explains.!They!only!spent!about!USD$5!on! schoolfcumfsurf!cohorts!recorded!their!experience! food—well,!on!sugar!and!tea.! with!Canon!5Ds—oien!from!the!capCvaCng! With!a!potent!combinaCon!of!ingenuity!and! perspecCves!of!paragliders!and!beneath!the!waves.! determinaCon,!the!pair!conquered!whipping!winds,! The!result:!Nordfor$sola!(North$of$the$Sun)…!.!The! icy!baths,!avalanches,!and!sheer!boredom.!They!cut! 46fminute!documentary!tells!a!story!about!a! incredible!tracks!into!untouched!powder!on!their! coldwater!surf!adventure!and!makes!an!emphaCc! snowboards!and!then!surfed!through!the!“polar! statement!about!sustainable!living.! night,”!the!characterisCc!lack!of!sunshine!above!the! Wegge!began!surfing!as!an!exchange!student!in! ArcCc!Circle!in!winterCme. Australia!in!2005.!His!passion!accompanied!him! across!a!couple!of!hemispheres!and!back!to! Norway,!where!the!surf!community!is!small,!but! growing.!

“I!came!up!to!Lofoten!six!years!ago!and!I!think! ! we!were!two!or!three!acCve!surfers,”!Wegge!says,! laughing.!“The!winter!months!consCtute!prime!surf! Inside$the$cabin$ season!in!Lofoten,!but!between!the!extreme!risk!of! Wegge!and!Ranum!also!occupied!themselves! frostbite!and!the!occasional!enormousness!of!the! with!picking!up!trash!that!had!floated!in!from! surf,!paddle!ba_les!are!unheard!of.! thousands!of!miles!away.!It!was!a!constant!ba_le.! “Some!days!you!can!have!the!perfect!wave!and! Their!goal!was!to!collect!one!ton!of!garbage!while! you're!alone,”!Wegge!says.!“The!biggest!I’ve!been! living!up!there.!In!the!end,!they!needed!a!helicopter! out!in!was!7!meters!(22!feet).!When!we!did!this! to!lii!it!out.! project,!we!had!to!be!extra!careful,!because!in!the! There!were!Cmes,!like!at!Christmas,!when!they! winter!it’s!about!two!hours!to!walk!from!where!we! asked!themselves!if!they!should!head!home.!“We! lived!to!civilizaCon.!It’s!remote.!And!there!was!no! didn't!really!plan!it!like,!‘We're!going!to!stay!here! cellfphone!signal.”! from!this!Cme!to!this!Cme!and!if!we!don’t!make!it,! Aside!from!a!sliced!finger!early!on—“We! we!lost!a!challenge,’”!Wegge!says.!“It!was!like,!‘We! patched!it!up!and!gave!him!some!rum”—Wegge! just!want!to!be!here!as!long!as!it’s!fun.’”! and!Ranum!remained!safe!throughout!the!winter.! They!aimed!to!assess!the!situaCon!at!Christmas! Living!a!life!untethered!by!silly!things!like!numbers,! and!decided!to!stay.!“It!was!always!like!that,”!he! they!knew!it!was!cold!when!the!olive!oil!froze.! says.!“I!always!wanted!to!stay!longer.!Always.”! While!olive!oil!hardens!at!a!balmy!37!degrees!F,! they!esCmate!it!got!down!to!about!10!degrees!F— For!Wegge,!the!most!difficult!part!of!the!project! which,!with!wind!chill!and!sea!mist,!can!feel!a!great! was!gevng!out!of!his!frozen!6/5!wetsuit!postfsurf.! deal!colder.!Naturally,!the!oil!was!inside!their!house,! “It’s!like!wearing!boxing!gloves,!your!hands!are!so! which!they!built!from!driiwood!and!other!found! cold,”!he!says.!SCll,!even!that!struggle!was!easily! objects.!When!they!ran!out!of!food!(about!every! outweighed!by!moments!like!the!Cme!he!paddled! three!weeks),!they!hiked!over!the!mountain!and! out!on!a!big!day,!before!the!sun!had!bid!them! adieu.!“The!waves!were!really!big,!so!you!had!to!do!

102! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! really!deep!duckdives.!And!you’re!so!focused,!you! 1432323923/sites/default/files/Banff%20Mountain%20Film know,!you're!always!like,!‘Where's!the!next!wave?’!I! %20and%20Book%20FesCval/General/2013%20Film get!out!and!I!turn!around!and!there!was!a!double! %20Winners.pdf! rainbow,!and!inside!one!of!them!there!was!an!eagle! flying.!When!you’re!so!focused!and!then!you!see! this,!it!just!makes!the!biggest!impression,”!he!says! with!an!awed!expression.! Wegge!and!Ranum!won’t!reveal!the!locaCon!of! their!bay,!but!it’s!not!so!much!for!the!sake!of!secret! spots!as!it!is!to!offer!others!the!opportunity!to! “discover”!the!locaCon!themselves.!The!film!claims! that!“it!all!started!as!a!crazy!idea,”!but!the!message! it!sends!makes!perfect!sense:!“Go!out!and!chase! your!dream,”!Wegge!says.!“Do!what!it!is!you’re! dreaming!of.”!And!try!not!to!kill!the!planet!while! you’re!doing!it.

) ! h_p://espn.go.com/acCon/story/_/id/8461734/norweiganf About&the&issue& surfersfsnowboardersfcreatefcoldestfwaveffilm! Seaborne)trash) Review)of)the)Oilm)) In!addiCon!to!Inge!and!Jørn’s!goal!of!surfing!the! “If!it’s!possible!to!have!a!perfect!adventure!film,! perfect!waves!of!their!bay,!they!were!determined!to! then!this!year’s!Grand!Prize!Winner!comes!about!as! clean!up!the!beach.!Trash!constantly!rolled!in!on!the! close!as!you!can!get.!A!highly!original!adventure! waves,!se_ling!on!the!beach!as!high!as!the!Cdes! that’s!captured!in!a!film!planned!to!perfecCon:!a! took!it.!On!the!one!hand,!the!trash!was!useful!to! wonderful!story,!engaging!personaliCes,! Inge!and!Jørn,!because!they!used!washedfup!wood breathtaking!camera!work,!and!expertly!edited.!It! —especially!from!shipping!pallets—to!build!their! should!be!no!surprise!then!that!this!was!the! cabin!and!employed!plasCc!bo_les!of!all!kinds!to! unanimous!choice!of!the!jury.!It’s!a!great!privilege! act!as!insulaCon!for!the!walls!and!ceiling.! to!present!this!years’!Grand!Prize!to!two!people! On!the!other!hand,!much!of!the!trash!included! who!not!only!followed!their!dream!but!made!a!film! fishing!nets!and!packaging,!such!as!the!joined! so!full!of!joy!that!we!can!all!share!in!their! plasCc!rings!that!hold!sixfpacks!of!canned!and! adventure.!If!you!ever!thought!the!people!of! bo_led!beverages!together,!that!are!dangerous!to! Norway!are!just!a!bit!different!from!the!rest!of!us!...! sea!birds,!mammals,!and!fish!that!can!get!the!rings! you!must!see!this!film.”! caught!around!their!necks!or!even!consume!the! —!Richard!Else,!BANFF!Mountain!Film!FesCval!2013! plasCc!trash.! h_p://img.thebanffcentre.netdnafcdn.com/cdn/farfuture/ DqE8QuuhwT87Ko54FEpuG0SCKBeyao91x4fwbt9YhA/mCme:

103! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

By!now,!most!people!are!aware!of!the!Great! Trash!landing!on!the!shores!of!the!Lofoten! Pacific!Garbage!Patch,!which!is!esCmated!to!be!the! archipelago!would!have!been!carried!by!the!North! size!of!Texas.!However,!during!the!Cme!of!the! AtlanCc!Gyre,!splivng!off!when!encountering!the! search!for!Malaysian!Airlines!Flight!370!in!March! North!AtlanCc!Current!that!flows!through!the!ArcCc! 2014,!search!planes!found!evidence!of!other! Circle.! garbage!patches:! But!as!hundreds!of!objects!sighted!off!the! Australian!coast!as!possible!aircrai!debris!turn! out!to!be!discarded!fishing!equipment,!cargo! container!parts,!or!plasCc!shopping!bags,!a!new! narraCve!is!emerging!in!the!hunt!for!the!missing! plane:!There’s!more!garbage!out!there!than!you! think.!Most!of!it!is!plasCc.!And!marine!life! ingests!it,!with!catastrophic!consequences.! Plane!Search!Shows!World’s !Oceans!Are!Full!of!Trash!! Although!“patch”!implies!trash!that!is!packed! together,!all!of!the!debris!floats!free!but!circulates! conCnually!within!a!zone.!There!are!five!patches!of! garbage!in!the!oceans,!each!corresponding!with!the! five!gyres!created!by!winds!and!ocean!currents! around!the!globe.!! Kathleen!Dohan,!a!scienCst!at!Earth!and!Space! Arc;c$Currents$ Research!in!Sea_le,!WA,!created!a!Cmeflapse!video! Something!made!very!clear!in!North$of$the$Sun! showing!how!trash!accumulates!into!patches!and! is!that!no!ma_er!how!isolated!an!island!may!seem! where!it!will!end!up!in!ten!years.! to!be!and!no!ma_er!how!few!people!live!on!it,!the! world’s!trash!is!relentless.!No!place!on!Earth!is! exempt!from!the!effects!of!human!carelessness!and! waste.! AddiKonal$resources$ Dangerous!Debris Biodegradable!PlasCcs!Are!Not!the!Answer!to! Reducing!Marine!Li_er,!Says!UN FighCng!the!plasCc!plague!in!our!oceans PlasCc!Poisons!in!the!Food!Chain PlasCc!Plague!in!Our!Oceans The$Earth’s$five$gyres:$North$Pacific,$South$Pacific,$North$ Atlan;c,$South$Atlan;c,$and$South$Indian$Gyres$ The$trash$in$the$film$ Although!Inge!and!Jørn!do!not!state!specifically! where!their!bay!is!located,!it!is!likely!on!one!of!the! many!islands!in!the!archipelago!that!forms!Lofoten,! at!the!northwest!edge!of!Norway.!

104! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Racing)Extinction) Ex;nc;on$(for!which!he!also!performed!underwater! camera!operaCon),!Louie!directed!2009’s!The$Cove,! which!documented!the!undercover!efforts!of!a! group!of!acCvists!to!infiltrate!and!expose!the! Japanese!cove!at!Tajii,!where!extreme!acts!of! animal!abuse!and!cruelty!as!well!as!threats!to! human!health!were!perpetrated.! The!ExecuCve!Director!of!OPS,!Louie!Psihoyos,! is!widely!regarded!as!one!of!the!world’s!most! prominent!sCll!photographers.!He!has!circled!the! globe!dozens!of!Cmes!for!Na;onal$Geographic!and! has!shot!hundreds!of!covers!for!other!magazines! including!Fortune$Magazine,!Smithsonian,!Discover,! GEO,!Time,!Newsweek,!The$New$York$Times$ Magazine,!New$York$Magazine,!Sports$Illustrated,! and!Rock$and$Ice.!His!work!has!also!been!seen!on! the!Discovery$Channel,!Na;onal$Geographic$ Television!and!the!History$Channel.!His!imaginaCon,! wit,!and!iconic!imagery!have!helped!illustrate!a! wide!array!of!complex!subjects!and!are!carried!over! to!his!filmmaking.! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_1618448/fullcredits? ref_=__ov_st_sm,!h_p://racingexCncCon.com/theffilm/#castA! ScienCsts!predict!we!may!lose!half!the!species! on!the!planet!by!the!end!of!the!century.!They! believe!we!have!entered!the!sixth!major!exCncCon! About&the&)ilm& event!in!Earth’s!history.!Number!five!took!out!the! 90!mins.! dinosaurs.!This!era!is!called!the!Anthropocene,!or! “Age!of!Man,”!because!the!evidence!shows!that! Director!Louie$Psihoyos humanity!has!sparked!this!catastrophic!loss.!We!are! Producers$Olivia$Ahnemann,$Fisher$Stevens the!only!ones!who!can!stop!it!as!well.!The!Oceanic! Screenwriter$Mark$Monroe PreservaCon!Society,!the!group!behind!the! Cinematographers$John$Behrens,$Shawn$Heinrichs,$ Academy!Award®!winning!film!The$Cove,!is!back!for! Sean$Kirby,$Petr$Stepanek Racing$Ex;nc;on.!Along!with!some!new!innovators,! Editors!Geoffrey$Richman,$Lyman$Smith,$Jason$ OPS!will!bring!a!voice!to!the!thousands!of!species! Zeldes$ on!the!very!edge!of!life.!An!unlikely!team!of!acCvists! Cast!Elon$Musk,$Leilani$Münter,$Charles$ is!out!to!expose!the!two!worlds!endangering! Hambleton,$Travis$Threlkel,$Jane$Goodall$ species!across!the!globe.!The!first!threat!to!the!wild! comes!from!the!internaConal!trade!of!wildlife.! Louie!Psihoyos!is!a!filmmaker!who!wears! Bogus!markets!are!being!created!at!the!expense!of! several!hats!as!director,!writer,!producer,!and! creatures!who!have!survived!on!this!planet!for! cinematographer.!He!has!an!extensive!background! millions!of!years.!The!other!threat!is!all!around!us,! as!a!photographer—especially!underwater! hiding!in!plain!sight.$ photography—a!skill!that!enhanced!his!work!as!the! ExecuCve!Director!of!the!Oceanic!PreservaCon! Society.!In!addiCon!to!direcCng!Racing$$

105! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Review)of)Racing&Extinction) smart!document!is!empowered!by!its!engaging! visuals,!compliments!of!its!team!of!creaCve! Hollywood$Reporter,!March!3,!2015 cinematographers!and!editors.! By!Duane!Byrge! A$doc$that$examines$the$decima;on$of$aqua;c$ About&the&“characters”& species$threatening$our$oceans$ As!Louie!Psihoyos!notes,!“Everybody!on!the! We!humans!can!only!see!a!very!narrow! Oceanic!PreservaCon!Society!(OPS)!team!is!a!li_le! spectrum!of!what!is!out!there.!There!is!a!whole! bit!odd.!They!have!something!going!for!them!in!an! world!hidden!to!our!eyes,!and!it’s!what!we!don’t! interesCng!way,!but!they’ve!been!able!to!adapt! see!that!threatens!our!planet’s!survival,!according! their!talent!to!this!bigger!cause.!My!feeling!is!that! to!filmmaker!Louie!Psihoyos.!A!mesmeric! everybody!out!there!has!a!special!skill!like!the!OPS! entertainment!and!enlightenment,!Racing$ team.”! Ex;nc;on!jolted!a!Sundance!audience!to!ecstaCc! Working!with!Louie!in!Racing$Ex;nc;on!are:! appreciaCon!for!its!cogent!illuminaCon!of!a!lifefandf death!subject.! Shawn!Heinrichs,!an!Emmy!Award!winning! cinematographer,!photographer,!scuba!diver,!and! The!film!is!a!capCvaCng,!sobering!look!at!the! marine!conservaConist.!An!independent!filmmaker! world’s!endangered!aquaCc!species,!but!it’s!also!a! and!founder!of!Blue!Sphere!Media,!a!producCon! frightening!revelaCon!of!what!methane!and!carbon! company!specializing!in! are!doing!to!the!ocean.!We!oien!worry!about!air! underwater,!adventure! quality,!but!ocean!quality!is!an!overlooked! and!conservaCon!films,! catastrophe!waiCng!to!happen.! he!has!acquired! UClizing!images!that!clearly!show!the!methane! considerable!firstfhand! spewing!into!our!air!(a!large!part!from!ca_le! knowledge!of!the! flatulence),!filmmaker/sCll!photographer/diver/ ocean’s!most!important! paleontologist!Louie!Psihoyos!visualizes!for!us!the! marine!areas.!He!has! overt!and!oien!illegal!harm!mankind!is!perpetraCng! worked!with!leading! on!endangered!species.! film!and!journalist! teams!including!CNN’s! Director$Louie$Psihoyos$ Anderson!Cooper,!Yann! !!!!!Part!guerilla! Arthus!Bertrand,!Dan!Rather,!and!Na;onal$ filmmaking,!as!Psihoyos! Geographic$and!delivered!projects!for!many!of!the! and!his!daring!crew! top!marine!conservaCon!organizaCons!including! infiltrate!Chinese! WildAid,!Shark!Savers,!ConservaCon!InternaConal,! criminal!dens!that! The!Nature!Conservancy,!and!Pew!Environment! carve!up!and!sell! Group.! endangered!species,! Leilani!Münter,!a!biology!graduate!turned! such!as!shark!and! professional!race!car! whale,!this! driver!and! documentary!resonates!on!an!urgent!level.!Above! environmental!acCvist.! all,!Racing$Ex;nc;on!is!a!chilling!call!to!acCon!to! Discovery’s!Planet! stop!ocean!poisoning!before!it!results!in!destrucCon! Green!named!Leilani! of!the!planet.! the!#1!Eco!Athlete!in! No!mere!“greenie”!rant,!the!film!abounds!with! the!world.!She!is!a! scienCfic!fact,!as!well!as!compelling!imagery!and! recipient!of!ELLE! realflife!situaCons!that!make!it!accessible!to!even! Magazine’s!Genius! nonfscienCfic!types.!Technically!arCculate,!this! Award!and!Sports$

106! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Illustrated!named!her!one!of!the!top!ten!female! Joel!Sartore,!a!photographer,!speaker,!author,! race!car!drivers!in!the!world.!Leilani!races!in!the! teacher,!conservaConist,!Na;onal$Geographic$ ARCA!Series,!a!development!league!of!NASCAR.!She! Fellow,!and!a!regular!contributor!to!Na;onal$ is!the!fourth!woman!in!history!to!race!in!the! Geographic$Magazine.!His!hallmarks!are!a!sense!of! IndyPro!Series,!the!development!league!of!IndyCar.! humor!and!a! Midwestern!work! Paul!Hilton,!a!Hong!Kongfbased!photojournalist,! ethic.!Joel! who!focuses!on!global!environmental!and! specializes!in! conservaCon! documenCng! issues.Presently,! endangered! Hilton!is!working! species!and! on!the!Palm!Oil! landscapes!in! issue.! order!to!show!a! DocumenCng! world!worth! deforestaCon,! saving.!He!is!the! land!clearing! founder!of!The! and!the!wildlife! Photo!Ark,!a! trade!in! mulCfyear! Sumatra,! documentary!project!to!save!species!and!habitats.! Indonesia.! In!his!words,!“It!is!folly!to!think!that!we!can!destroy! Before!that!he! one!species!and!ecosystem!aier!another!and!not! followed!the!manta!ray!trade!across!the!world!and! affect!humanity.!When!we!save!species,!we’re! set!up!the!Manta!Ray!of!Hope!project,!sevng!out!to! actually!saving!ourselves.”! document!the!plight!of!the!great!rays!and! invesCgaCng!and!the!use!of!gill!rakers!in!tradiConal! Gina!Papabeis,!the!CofProducer!of!Racing$ Chinese!medicine!in!Hong!Kong,!Macau!and! Ex;nc;on,!the!highly!anCcipated!followfup!film! Southern!China!in!partnership!with!WildAid!and! from!OPS,!the!Academy!Award®!winning!team! Manta!Trust.! behind!The$Cove.!Gina!began!working!with!the! Oceanic! Travis!Threlkel,!who!thrives!on!creaCng!things! PreservaCon! that!have!never! Society!(OPS)! been!done!before,! during!the! both!in!scale!and! release!of!The$ concept,!direcCng! Cove,!managing! his!passion,! the!dayftofday! experimental! operaCons!of!the! drive,!and!ideas!to! organizaCon!and! push!the! coordinaCng!the! boundaries!of! outreach! creaCvity!and! campaign!for!the! technology.! film.!Before!OPS,! Threlkel!founded! Gina!worked!as!a! Obscura!Digital!in! Projects!Manager!on!the!grassroots!promoCon!of!a! 2000,!where!he!currently!drives!the!creaCve!vision! dozen!independent!films!at!Red!Hills!Releasing,!LLC,! as!Chief!CreaCve!Officer,!while!leading!a!team!of!60! including!500$Days$of$Summer,!JCVD,!and!The$ people.!Travis!Threlkel!works!with!execuCve! English$Surgeon.!She!is!a!graduate!of!Florida!State! leadership!from!top!companies!in!the!world,! University’s!Film!School,!where!she!gained!onfset! leading!government!agencies,!and!innovaCve! experience!in!various!crew!posiCons!on!over!30! entertainment!acts.! short!films.!Gina!also!has!a!minor!in!Biology!and!is!

107! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! graCfied!by!marrying!her!passion!for!nature!with! cases,!develop!and!secure!improvements!in!care,! film.! and!assist!in!rescuing!and!relocaCng!animals!to! forever!homes!at!reputable!sanctuaries.! Charles!Hambleton!in!Covert!OperaCons,!who! has!worked!as!a!dive!master,!commercial!diver!and! Chris!Clark,!the!Imogene!Johnson!Senior! sailor!with!treasure!hunter!Sco_!Mitchen.!Together! ScienCst!at!the!Cornell!Lab!of!Ornithology!and! they!have!discovered!numerous!wrecks!around!the! Department!of!Neurobiology!&!Behavior,!and!Chief! Caribbean!and! Marine!ScienCst!at!Planet!OS.!When!asked!what!he! began!to!salvage! does,!his!answer!is!simple:!“I!listen!to!this!singing! old!growth! planet!”!As!an!engineerfbiologist,!Chris’s!research! hardwood!from! concentrates!on! the!Great!Lakes.! animal! He!is!a!ref communicaCon!and! breather!diver,! the!applicaCon!of! has!a!private! advanced! pilot’s!license,! technologies!for! and!a!200!ton! scienCfic! Yacht!Master! conservaCon!of! Ccket.!Back!in! endangered! AnCqua,!he! species,!from!birds! worked!on!many!commercials!and!local!film! to!whales.!He!has! producCons!as!well!as!with!the!Marine!Department! pioneered!the! on!locaCon!for!the!Pirates$of$the$Caribbean$movies.! applicaCon!of! Charles!met!Louie!Psihoyos!in!AnCgua,!and!for! distributed!ocean!listening!systems!for!studying! more!than!10!years!he!has!worked!with!Louie!on! whales!at!oceanfbasin!scales,!and!a!new!paradigm! many!photography!assignments!as!well!as!the! for!evaluaCng!and!measuring!biological!risks!at! Academy!Award®fwinning!documentary!The$Cove.! individual,!populaCon!and!ecological!levels.! Dr.!Heather!Rally!in!Covert!OperaCons,!who! h_p://racingexCncCon.com/theffilm/#castA! currently!works!as!a!veterinarian!in!the!CapCve! Animal!Law! About&the&Anthropocene& Enforcement! The)Sixth)Extinction:)Humanity’s)gift)to) department! the)world) of!the!PETA! FoundaCon.! The$Sixth$Ex;nc;on!is!a!2014!nonficCon!book! With!PETA,! wri_en!by!Elizabeth!Kolbert!and!published!by!Henry! Rally!reviews! Holt!&!Company.!The!book!posits!and!demonstrates! and!advises! that!the!Earth!is!in!the!midst!of!a!modern,!manf on!specific! made,!sixth!exCncCon.!Kolbert!chronicles!previous! cases!of! mass!exCncCon!events!and!compares!them!to!the! abuse!and! accelerated,!widespread!exCncCons!during!our! neglect!of! present!Cme.!She!also!describes!specific!species! capCve!exoCc! exCnguished!by!humans,!as!well!as!the!ecologies! wildlife,! surrounding!prehistoric!and!nearfpresent!exCncCon! including! events.!Kolbert!received!the!Pulitzer!Prize!for! marine!mammals,!lions,!Cgers,!bears,!and!elephants! General!NonfFicCon!for!the!book!in!2015.! in!roadside!zoos,!circuses,!and!similar!capCvef The!target!audience!for!The$Sixth$Ex;nc;on!is!the! animal!exhibits.!The!posiCon!requires!traveling! general!reader,!and!scienCfic!descripCons!are! around!the!country!to!assess!potenCal!cruelty! rendered!in!understandable!prose.!The!clear!wriCng!

108! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! objecCvely!describes!Kolbert’s!research!treks!to! regulaCon!by!the!Earth’s!ice,!and!so!on.!This! remote!areas!through!interviews!with!scienCsts,! pervasive!influence!by!humans!upon!the!planet!and! researchers,!and!guides.!She!advocates!no!posiCon,! all!of!its!creatures,!vegetaCon,!and!resources! maintaining!imparCality.!The!sixth!mass!exCncCon! supports!terming!these!drasCc!changes!occurring!as! theme!is!applied!to!flora!and!fauna!exisCng!in! evidence!of!the!Anthropocene!epoch.!! diverse!habitats,!such!as!the!Panamanian!rainforest,! The!human!species!contributes!to!this! the!Great!Barrier!Reef,!the!Andes,!Bikini!Atoll,!city! disrupCon—with!or!without!intending!to—because! zoos,!and!the!author’s!own!backyard.!The!book!also! of!our!innate!capacity!to!alter!the!planet!at!this! applies!this!theme!to!a!number!of!other!habitats! stage!of!our!cultural!evoluCon.!For!instance,!we! and!organisms!throughout!the!world.!Aier! have!the!ability!to!harness!energy!from!beneath!the! researching!the!current!mainstream!view!of!the! Earth’s!surface,!and!so!we!do.!Homo!sapiens!has! relevant!peerfreviewed!science,!Kolbert!esCmates! the!ability!to!adapt!relaCvely!quickly!to!almost!any! flora!and!fauna!loss!by!the!end!of!the!21st!century! environment!on!this!planet’s!surface.!Other!species,! will!be!between!20%!to!50%!“of!all!living!species!on! however,!have!a!difficult!Cme!relocaCng!to!new,! earth.”! suitable!habitats.!They!are!unable!to!migrate!ahead! of!current!rapid!ecological!changes,!or!they!are! hampered!by!arCficial!barriers!such!as!roadways,! cityscapes,!and!suburban!sprawl!that!cause! increased!disconCnuity!between!viable!habitats! throughout!the!world.! Human!intervenCon!into!every!aspect!of!the! Earth’s!funcCons!seems!to!be!the!result!of! something!innate!in!Homo!sapiens!that!does!not! quesCon!the!right!to!do!so.!If!it!is!something!that! humans!believe!they!need!in!order!to!eat!be_er,! ! live!more!comfortably,!or!achieve!a!pleasurable! outcome,!humans!will!do!it.!Even!with!a!growing! Nature$projected$onto$the$city$ awareness!of!the!adverse!effects!humans!have!had! Kolbert!correlates!current,!general!unawareness! on!the!planet,!few!people!consider!the! of!this!sixth!exCncCon!to!previous!widespread! consequences!of!their!acCons,!whether!they!are! disbelief!about!exCncCons!during!the!centuries! seemingly!insignificant!or!clearly!drasCc.! preceding!the!late!1700s.!At!that!Cme!it!was! While!there!is!disagreement!among! believed!that!prehistoric!mass!exCncCons!had!never! anthropologists!as!to!when!the!Anthropocene’s! occurred.!It!was!also!believed!there!were!no!natural! onset!occurred,!there!is!general!agreement!about! forces!powerful!enough!to!exCnguish!species!en! its!effects.!Elizabeth!Kolbert!writes!about!what!she! masse.!Likewise,!in!our!own!Cme,!the!possible! calls!“the!madness!gene”!in!humans.!Her!argument! finality!presented!by!this!issue!results!in!widespread! proceeds!as!follows:!Europe!was!home!to!the! denial.!! Neanderthals!for!at!least!100,000!years.!Then,! However,!scienCfic!studies!have!shown!that! about!30,000!years!ago,!the!Neanderthals!vanished.! human!behavior!disrupts!Earth’s!balanced!and! Fossil!records!show!that!modern!humans!arrived!in! interconnected!systems,!“puvng!our!own!survival! Europe!40,000!years!ago.!Within!10,000!years,! in!danger.”!Consequently,!the!Earth’s!systems! Neanderthals!were!bred!out.!Through!molecular! currently!affected!are:!the!global!atmosphere,!the! sequencing,!we!have!found!that!there!is!1%!to!4%! water!cycle,!the!ocean’s!heat!absorpCon,!ocean! Neanderthal!DNA!in!all!nonfAfrican!humans.!This! acidity!(and!its!effect!on!coral!reefs),!soil!moisture! indicates!that!humans!and!Neanderthals! and!drought!condiCons,!plant!destrucCon!by!pests/ reproduced,!and!then!the!resulCng!hybrids! nonfindigenous!fauna,!or!heat!stress,!heat! reproduced.!The!pa_ern!conCnued!unCl!

109! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Neanderthals!were!literally!bred!out.!Kolbert!states! there!is!every!reason!to!believe!that!Neanderthals! would!sCll!exist!if!it!weren’t!for!humans.! It!may!be!too!late!to!save!many!precious! species!of!animals,!variety!of!flora,!and!diversity!of! ecosystems,!but!Racing$Ex;nc;on!shows!that!there! are!people!who!understand!our!weaknesses!and! strengths!and!are!drawing!on!our!strengths!to! miCgate!the!results!of!our!weaknesses!to!the!best! of!their!abiliCes.! h_ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The_Sixth_ExCncCon:_An_Unnatural_History,!h_ps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene!! Resources&for&further&study& Major!coastal!ciCes!face!inundaCon!because!of! global!warming! Western!AntarCca!melCng!faster!than!thought! Strong!emoCons!sCrred!by!whale!wars! An!update!on!Lamakera!manta!hunCng!village! U.S.!could!feed!800!million!people!with!grain!that! livestock!eat,!Cornell!ecologist!advises!animal! scienCsts! Agricultural!RevoluCon!in!England!1500!f!1850! Take)action) Sign!the!Don’t!Buy!Wild!Pledge!! Stand!up!for!wildlife! StartWith1Thing! Ban!the!bead! Tell!President!Obama:!Protect!Sea!Turtles!from! Shrimp!Trawl!Nets!

110! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! Catching)the)Sun) )

About&the&director& Shalini!Kantayya!finished!in!the!top!10!out!of! 12,000!filmmakers!on!Fox’s!ON!THE!LOT,!a!show!by! Steven!Spielberg!in!search!of!Hollywood’s!next! great!director.!The!mission!of!her!producCon! company,!7th!Empire!Media,!is!to!create!a!culture! of!human!rights!and!a!sustainable!planet!through! imaginaCve!media!that!makes!real!impact.!Her!sciffi! film!about!the!world!water!crisis,!a$DROP$of$LIFE,! won!Best!Short!at!Palm!Beach!InternaConal,!and! was!broadcast!on!naConal!television!in!the!U.S.!and! India.!A!William!J.!Fulbright!Scholar,!Shalini!has! received!recogniCon!from!the!Sundance! Documentary!Program,!IFP!Spotlight!on! Documentary,!Jerome!Hill!Centennial,!New!York! Women!in!Film!and!Television,!and!the!John!D.!and! About&the&)ilm& Catherine!T.!MacArthur!FoundaCon.!!She!is!a! Sundance!Fellow,!a!TED!Fellow,!and!was!a!finalist!for! 75!mins.! the!ABC!Disney/DGA!DirecCng!Fellowship.! Director/Screenwriter$Shalini$Kantayya! Shalini!states,!“The!oil!economy!has!created! Through!interwoven!dramas!spanning!the!U.S.! monopolies! and!China,!Catching!the!Sun!explores!the!global! and! economic!race!to!lead!the!clean!energy!future.!Over! concentrated! the!course!of!a!solar!jobs!training!program,! wealth!and! Catching!the!Sun!follows!the!hope!and!heartbreak! power!in!the! of!unemployed!American!workers!seeking!jobs!in! hands!of!the! the!solar!industry.!An!unlikely!ensemble!of! few.!I!was! characters!contrast!with!preconceived!noCons! fascinated!by! about!who!is!at!the!forefront!of!a!transiCon!to!clean! the!idea!that! energy.!With!countries!like!China!invesCng!in! solar!power! innovaCve!technologies!and!capitalizing!on!this! could! trillionfdollar!opportunity,!Catching!the!Sun!tells!the! democraCze! story!of!the!global!energy!transiCon!from!the! and! perspecCve!of!workers!and!entrepreneurs!building! decentralize! soluCons!to!income!inequality!and!climate!change! energy!in!a! with!their!own!hands.!Their!successes!and!failures! way!that! speak!to!one!of!the!biggest!quesCons!of!our!Cme:! rebuilds!the! will!the!U.S.!actually!be!able!to!build!a!cleanfenergy! ladder!of! economy?! economic! opportunity.”! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_1698654/?ref_=fn_al___1! ! ! Shalini!Kantayya! h_p://www.catchingthesun.tv/filmmaker/!h_p:// www.catchingthesun.tv/media/!!

111! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

for!an!enCre!year.!Solar!energy!is!the!technology! Facebook!for!Catching!the!Sun! used!to!harness!the!sun's!energy!and!make!it! useable.!Today,!the!technology!produces!less!than! On!Catching$the$Sun’s!Facebook!page:! one!tenth!of!one!percent!of!global!energy!demand.! Watch!Freeing!the!Grid:!Net!metering!&! Many!people!are!familiar!with!sofcalled! interconnecCon! photovoltaic!cells,!or!solar!panels,!found!on!things! like!spacecrai,!rooiops,!and!handheld!calculators.! Solar!microgrids!and!ba_eries!could!prevent! The!cells!are!made!of!semiconductor!materials!like! another!Black!Saturday!bushfire! those!found!in!computer!chips.!When!sunlight!hits! This!NASA!spacecrai!will!set!sail!propelled!enCrely! the!cells,!it!knocks!electrons!loose!from!their!atoms.! by!sunlight As!the!electrons!flow!through!the!cell,!they! generate!electricity.! On!a!much!larger!scale,!solar!thermal!power! plants!employ!various!techniques!to!concentrate! the!sun's!energy!as!a!heat!source.!The!heat!is!then! used!to!boil!water!to!drive!a!steam!turbine!that! generates!electricity!in!much!the!same!fashion!as! coal!and!nuclear!power!plants,!supplying!electricity! for!thousands!of!people.! ! In!one!technique,!long!troughs!of!Ufshaped! About&the&issues& mirrors!focus!sunlight!on!a!pipe!of!oil!that!runs! through!the!middle.!The!hot!oil!then!boils!water!for! Solar)Energy:) electricity!generaCon.!Another!technique!uses! moveable!mirrors!to!focus!the!sun’s!rays!on!a! Here’s)what)you)need)to)know)about) collector!tower,!where!a!receiver!sits.!Molten!salt! the)warming)planet,)how)it’s)affecting) flowing!through!the!receiver!is!heated!to!run!a! us,)and)what’s)at)stake.) generator.! Every!hour!the!sun!beams!onto!Earth!more! Other!solar!technologies!are!passive.!For! than!enough!energy!to!saCsfy!global!energy!needs! example,!big!windows!placed!on!the!sunny!side!of!a!

112! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

building!allow!sunlight!to!heatfabsorbent!materials! prepare!the!industry!to!help!states!and!local! on!the!floor!and!walls.!These!surfaces!then!release! communiCes!go!solar!and!reduce!carbon!emissions! the!heat!at!night!to!keep!the!building!warm.! even!further.! Similarly,!absorbent!plates!on!a!roof!can!heat!liquid! Here!are!a!few!of!the!SunShot!innovaCons!that! in!tubes!that!supply!a!house!with!hot!water.! will!help!states!meet!President!Obama’s!climate! Solar!energy!is!lauded!as!an!inexhausCble!fuel! goals:! source!that!is!polluCon!and!oien!noise!free.!The! 1.!We’re!making!solar!easier!and!faster!to!install! technology!is!also!versaCle.!For!example,!solar!cells! and!connect.! generate!energy!for!farfout!places!like!satellites!in! Earth!orbit!and!cabins!deep!in!the!Rocky!Mountains! SunShot’s!Rooiop!Solar!Challenge!has!shown! as!easily!as!they!can!power!downtown!buildings! that!we!can!cut!the!Cme!it!takes!to!get!solar! and!futurisCc!cars.! permi_ed!by!40!percent!and!lower!the!costs!of! those!permits!by!12!percent.!From!creaCng!online! But!solar!energy!doesn’t!work!at!night!without! permivng!systems!to!providing!technical!assistance! a!storage!device!such!as!a!ba_ery,!and!cloudy! and!expert!advice!at!the!local!level,!the!projects! weather!can!make!the!technology!unreliable!during! have!made!it!much!less!challenging!for!local! the!day.!Solar!technologies!are!also!very!expensive! governments!to!navigate!solar!permivng.! and!require!a!lot!of!land!area!to!collect!the!sun's! energy!at!rates!useful!to!lots!of!people.! This!year,!that!work!conCnues!with!the!SunShot! Prize:!Race!to!7fDay!Solar.!Teams!will!compete!for! Despite!the!drawbacks,!solar!energy!use!has! $10!million!in!cash!awards!as!they!work!to!reduce! surged!at!about!20!percent!a!year!over!the!past!15! the!Cme!from!permit!to!plugfin!to!just!seven!days! years,!thanks!to!rapidly!falling!prices!and!gains!in! for!small!photovoltaic!systems.! efficiency.!Japan,!Germany,!and!the!United!States! are!major!markets!for!solar!cells.!With!tax! 2.!We're!preparing!the!solar!workforce.! incenCves,!solar!electricity!can!oien!pay!for!itself!in! five!to!ten!years.! h_p://environment.naConalgeographic.com/environment/ globalfwarming/solarfpowerfprofile/! 3)Ways)Solar)Energy)Programs)Are) Helping)Achieve)President)Obama’s) Climate)Goals) energy.gov,!September!89,!2015 ! By!Minh!Li! By!invesCng!in!clean!energy,!the!EPA’s!Clean! Since!President!Obama!took!office!in!2009,!U.S.! Power!Plan!will!create!thousands!of!new!jobs,!and! solar!energy!capacity!has!grown!more!than!twentyf SunShot’s!training!programs!are!a!prime!example.! fold.!And!solar!stands!to!grow!even!more—with! We!are!training!the!nextfgeneraCon!workforce!for! renewable!energy!capacity!in!the!U.S.!slated!to! these!infdemand!jobs!through!the!Solar!Ready!Vets! reach!as!much!as!28!percent!by!2030.! program!and!the!Solar!Instructor!Training!Network.! Launched!in!September!2014,!Solar!Ready!Vets! The!Environmental!ProtecCon!Agency’s!(EPA)! trains!veterans!transiConing!into!civilian!life!to!work! Clean!Power!Plan,!announced!earlier!this!year,!is!an! in!the!solar!industry,!and!every!single!graduate!has! ambiCous!plan!to!cut!carbon!polluCon!from!the! been!offered!a!job!in!the!solar!industry.!The!training! energy!sector.!The!plan!sets!longfterm!market! of!vets!will!expand!to!10!military!installaCons!in!the! signals,!driving!innovaCon!and!investments!toward! next!year.!The!Solar!Instructor!Training!Network!has! a!clean!energy!future.!As!it!ramps!up,!the!Energy! more!than!400!training!sites!and!has!prepared! Department’s!SunShot!IniCaCve!is!working!to!

113! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

30,000!students!for!careers!in!solar!energy.!By! today!grew!out!of!a!demand!for!energy!alternaCves! 2020,!it!will!have!trained!75,000!students.! aier!the!oil!embargo!of!the!early!1970s!and!the! further!oil!crises!later!that!decade.!The!challenge! 3.!We’re!gevng!more!solar!to!the!grid.! back!then,!and!it!is!sCll!somewhat!the!case!today,! As!more!and!more!distributed!energy!gets! was!to!convince!a!wary!public!that!solar! added!to!the!grid,!incorporaCng!solar!into!our! technologies!are!costfeffecCve—that!they!work!and! naCon’s!energy!infrastructure!will!pose!technical! are!worth!the!money!!Aier!all,!an!alternaCve! challenges!for!uCliCes.!But!soluCons!are!already!in! energy!source!is!only!truly!“alternaCve”!if!it!can! the!works.!In!Hawaii,!for!example,!where!energy!is! deliver!largely!the!same!level!of!energy!for!around! expensive!and!sunshine!is!abundant,!they!are! the!same!or!less!investment.! adding!huge!amounts!of!solar!to!the!grid.!Arizona,! Like!the!computer!industry!during!the!‘80s!and! California!and!Florida!are!working!with!SunShot!on! ’90s,!the!solar!industry!is!going!through!huge!and! similar!projects.! rapid!change!and!evoluCon!on!a!worldwide!basis.! Community!solar!may!offer!another!soluCon,! These!developments!can!make!any!research!into! streamlining!solar!generaCon!at!the!local!level!by! the!solar!field!a!daunCng!task.!New!companies!are! allowing!community!members!to!buy!into!larger,! formed!daily,!others!seem!to!disappear!quickly,!and! shared!solar!arrays.!This!also!allows!grid!managers! it!can!be!difficult!to!know!who!to!listen!to!and!who! to!use!solar!to!respond!to!and!meet!increased! to!steer!clear!of.! demand!during!peak!Cmes.!SunShot’s!NaConal! The!following!groups,!in!addiCon!to!the! Community!Solar!Partnership!is!working!to!increase! resources!of!SolarEnergy.com,!make!for!a!great! solar!communiCes!that!enable!lowf!and!mediumf jumping!off!point!in!any!solar!power!research.!They! income!homeowners!to!take!advantage!of!lower! are!a!rich!source!of!technical!and!commercial! energy!costs.! informaCon,!and!can!offer!great!reassurance!to!you! Across!the!naCon,!we!have!already!made!huge! as!a!consumer!that!the!solar!path!is!a!viable! progress!toward!cleaner,!more!efficient!power.!The! alternaCve!to!the!uClity!company!you!currently!use EPA’s!Clean!Power!Plan!will!help!us!build!on!what! —not!to!menCon!a!much!more!economical!opCon.! we’ve!accomplished.! NREL—These!guys!are!a!essenCally!a!huge!US! h_p://energy.gov/arCcles/3fwaysfsolarfenergyfprogramsfaref Government!lab—it!stands!for! helpingfachievefpresidentfobamafsfclimatefgoals! NaConal!Renewable!Energy! 10)Solar)Energy)Organizations—How) Laboratory,!and!is!the!main!lab!for! They)Can)Help)You) the!US!Department!of!Energy’s! research!and!development!programs.!They!research! Solar!Energy.com,!May!12,!2014!! renewable!energy!all!day!long,!and!are!a!great! If!you’re!considering!a!solar!installaCon!for!your! source!for!background!study,!not!only!for!solar!but! home!or!business,!it’s!probable!that!you!will!do! all!areas!of!alternaCve!energy!soluCons,!providing! some!research!before!taking!the!plunge.!Aier!all,! unbiased!insights!into!solar!technologies.! its!likely!to!be!a!sizable!investment,!so!even!if!you’re! DSIRE—This!is!the!Database!of!State!IncenCves! already!pre_y!sure!of!what!you!want!you!may!want! for!Renewable!Energy.!If!you’re! to!see!what!all!the!opCons!are!first.!This!may! interested!in!what!incenCves!the! involve!some!basic!web!browsing,!followed!by!a! various!uClity!companies!around!the! visit!from!a!local!solar!contractor!(or!two).!Or!you! USA!are!offering!to!people!looking!at! may!want!to!dig!deeper!yourself!and!do!more! invesCng!in!solar!products,!check! extensive!research!before!talking!to!anyone.! out!DSIRE’s!website.!There!are!also!useful!links!to! Although!using!the!sun’s!energy!is!an!idea!that! other!State!incenCves,!and!some!local!government! has!been!around!since!mankind!evolved,!it!can!be! funds!which!become!available!from!Cme!to!Cme.! argued!that!the!huge!solar!industry!as!we!know!it!

114! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

It’s!an!everfchanging!landscape,!so!check!back!oien! For!upftofthe!minute!informaCon,!check!out! during!your!solar! Greentech!Media’s!site!for!current!market!and! adventure!! policy!informaCon.!There’s!a!bunch!of! good!news!arCcles,!and!many!reviews! SRCC—The!Solar! of!solar!companies!and!products.! RaCng!and!CerCficaCon!CorporaCon!(SRCC)!was! established!to!set!naConal!raCngs!standards!for! PV!Tech!is!a!UKfbased!company!that! solar!products.!It!is!a!nonprofit!corporaCon!with!the! comments!on!the!internaConal!solar! goal!of!cerCfying!solar!thermal!products! industry!and!offers!product! independently.!These!specifically!include!solar! reviews!and!analysis!of!solar! collector!panels!for!domesCc!and!commercial!solar! photofvoltaic!tech! hot!water!and! companies.! pool!heaCng! And!finally,!this!is!more!for!fun!than!research:!If! systems.! you’re!looking!for!a! ASES!is!the! challenge!for!a!college! American!Solar!Energy!Society—another!nonprofit! team!or!class,!check! group!whose!mission!is!“to!inspire!an!era!of!energy! out!the!government’s! innovaCon!and!speed!the!transiCon!to!a!sustainable! Solar!Energy!Decathlon—a!great!annual!event!that! energy!economy.”!They!advance!educaCon,! asks!the!parCcipants!to!blend!appeal,!affordability! research!and!influence!naConal!solar!energy!polices! and!design!with!the!best!energy!producCon!and! through!work!with!poliCcal!organizaCons!in! efficiency.! Washington,!DC.! h_p://solarenergy.com/solarfresources/10fsolarfenergyf The!Solar!FoundaCon! organizaConsfhowftheyfcanfhelpfyou! provides!some!great! QUIZ:)Test)your)Solar)IQ) research!tools!and! educaConal!links!f!their!goal!as!a!nonfprofit!is! educaCon,!research!and!market!transformaCon,!all! associated!with!solar!energy!projects.! If!you!want!to!get!a!handle!on! how!uClity!companies!view! solar!strategies!and!make!them! part!of!the!longfterm!plan!for! their!business,!check!out!SEPA's! site.!The!uCliCes!are!under!increasing!pressure!as! $ the!solar!industry!grows,!and!some!are!handling!the! Think$you$know$PV$from$CSP?$Put$your$ compeCCon!be_er!than!others!! brainpower$to$the$test$with$our$solar$energy$quiz!$ The!SEIA—Solar!Energy!Industry!AssociaCon—is! Additional)resources) another!nonprofit!that!works! to!develop!the!business!of! Solar!panel! solar!energy!in!the!USA.!With! Photovoltaic!systems! over!1,000!companies!as! members!and!growing,!they! The!Sociofeconomic!Benefits!of!Solar!and!Wind!Energy! provide!a!wealth!of!research!data!including!a! Benefits!of!Renewable!Energy!Use! quarterly!SolarfMarket!Insight!report.!Although!this! Solar!Jobs! is!probably!more!of!a!solarftrade!group,!you!may! find!some!useful!data!here!which!can!help!you! Africa:!Wind!and!Sun!Can!Power!End!to!Africa's!Energy! when!you!begin!talking!with!a!local!solar!contractor.! Poverty

115! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! The)E]Waste)Tragedy) The)E]Waste)Tragedy)(2014):)a) Documentary)on)the)Business)of)Waste) Views!from!the!Field,!November!7,!2014 By!Giorgio!Baldelli! “This!is!one!of!the!most!notorious!efwaste! dumpsites!in!the!world.!We!produce!up!to!50! million!tonnes!of!efwaste!every!year,!and!our! discarded!devices!increasingly!end!up!in!places!like! ) this!dumpsite!in!Africa.”! These!are!the!introductory!words!of!the!newest! About&the&)ilm& documentary!directed!by!Cosima!Dannoritzer,!The$ Enwaste$Tragedy.!The!German!director!a_empts!to! 86!mins.! shed!a!light!on!why!enCre!villages!and!ciCes!of!the! Director/Screenwriter!Cosima$Dannoritzer$ “third!world”!are!submerged!under!waste,!while!in! Europe!illegal!wastefhandling!pracCces!are! Every!year,!up!to!50!million!tons!of!electronic! forbidden.!The!viewer!is!confronted!with!the!harsh! waste—computers,!television!sets,!mobile!phones,! reality!of!Agbogbloshie,!a!village!in!the!outskirts!of! household!appliances—are!discarded!in!the! Accra,!in!which!children!and!adults!scrape!a!living! developed!world.!Seventyffive!percent!of!this!waste! by!burning!electronic!devices!and!by!recovering! disappears!from!the!legal!recycling!circuits,!with! gold,!silver!and!other!precious!metals!from!the!toxic! much!of!it!being!dumped!illegally!in!the!Third! ashes.!By!doing!so,!the!natural!environment!gets! World,!where!it!destroys!landscapes!and!harms! severely!poisoned!and!their!internal!organs!severely! lives.!This!film!takes!the!viewer!on!a!journey!of! damaged.! invesCgaCon!to!Europe,!China,!Africa,!and!the!US! and!reveals!a!toxic!global!trade!fueled!by!greed!and! Why!do!advanced!economies!of!the!world!fail! corrupCon.! to!take!measures!against!this!obvious! environmental!and!social!destrucCon?!Needless!to! Why!does!threefquarters!of!European! say,!the!answer!to!this!complex!problem!is!not! electronic!waste!escape!recycling!and!end!up! straightfforward!and!the!scenarios!are!different.!In! illegally!in!landfill?!In!the!suburbs!of!Accra,!the! some!cases,!trash!is!disguised!as!secondfhand! capital!of!Ghana,!children!play!at!dismantling! equipment!or!as!development!aid.!This!“trick”! scrapped!electronic!equipment,!surrounded!by!foul! allows!smugglers!to!circumvent!regulaCons!and! smelling!and!toxic!fumes,!in!a!sadlyffamous,! thereby!export!hazardous!types!of!waste!to! uncontrolled!rubbish!dump.!Ghanaian!journalist! developing!countries.!In!other!cases,!“recycling! Mike!Anane,!who!is!an!expert!on!the!environment,! enterprises”!that!are!controlled!by!shadow!enCCes! looks!at!why!his!country!has!become!the!trash!can! in!Luxembourg!get!rid!of!waste!illegally!and!cashfin! of!the!developed!countries.! the!profits.!Finally,!there!are!recycling!plants!in! This!lucid!invesCgaCon!by!Cosima!Dannoritzer! Europe!operaCng!without!respecCng!environmental! into!several!European!countries,!Asia,!and!the!U.S.,! standards.! reveals!the!apparatus!of!largefscale!trafficking,!as! “In!Spain,!poliCcians!didn’t!want!to!show!up!in! well!as!a!complex!chain!of!responsibility!and! front!of!the!camera!to!admit!that!a!problem!exists.! collusion.! If!people!holding!the!power!are!closing!their!eyes,! h_p://www.imdb.com/Ctle/_3804476/?ref_=fn_al___1,! who!will!act?!The!Minister!of!Environmental! h_ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGb6KXO5fsE!! ProtecCon!commented!that!it!wasn’t!his!fault!if!

116! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! people!were!abandoning!things!on!the!street.! The!EfWaste!Tragedy!on!Facebook! People!abandoning!things!on!the!street!…!that’s!not! the!real!issue!!We!have!proof!grabbed!with!our! About&the&issue& cameras.!It!shows!how!trash!never!reaches! How)to)Sell)or)Recycle)Old)Electronics) recycling!plants.!Some!chains!like!Carrefour!decided! to!avoid!us!as!well.!They!said!that!Africans!and! The$New$York$Times,!December!2,!2015 Chinese!people!want!these!materials.!And!finally,! By!Brian!X.!Chen! why!aren’t!we!invesCng!in!those!countries,!in!order! PEOPLE!give!all!sorts!of!electronics!as!giis! to!allow!them!to!handle!waste!safely?!The!obvious! around!the!holidays:!phone!chargers,!efbook! answer!is!that!it’s!a_racCve!to!make!profits!and!to! readers,!video!games,!drones!and!more.!But!what! do!nothing.”! should!we!do!with!the!devices!they!are!replacing?! The!documentary!confronts!the!viewer!with!a! Most!of!our!gadgets!end!up!in!landfills,!others! depressing!reality!that!insCtuCons!have!so!far! stuffed!away!in!a!closet,!never!to!be!played!with! inadequately!addressed.!It’s!struck!a!chord!with!me,! again.!In!the!tech!industry,!hoarding!or!disposing!of! as!a!couple!of!months!ago,!I!visited!a!municipal! used!electronics!this!way!is!known!as!efwaste,!and! landfill!in!Uruguay.!One!thing!that!you!have!to!know! can!leave!toxic!materials!and!pollutants!in!the! is!that!filming!in!landfills!is!illegal!for!“security! environment.!The!amount!of!efwaste!is!growing! reasons.”!“Security”!has!a!very!perverse!meaning,!I! every!year!—!by!some!esCmates,!consumers!threw! quickly!understood.!People!were!handling!waste! away!92!billion!pounds!of!used!electronics!last!year,! without!the!proper!equipment.!They!were!breaking! up!from!87.7!billion!pounds!the!previous!year,! apart!computer!monitors!to!get!the!copper!hidden! according!to!a!report!by!the!United!NaCons! in!the!cables.!The!situaCon!that!presented!itself!in! University,!the!academic!and!research!arm!of!the! front!of!my!eyes!wasn’t!as!precarious!as!the!one! United!NaCons.! shown!in!the!documentary,!I!have!to!stress.! However,!capturing!this!reality!with!a!camera!was! Efforts!are!underway!to!dispose!of!electronics! forbidden!for!“security!reasons”…!whose!security?! more!responsibly.!Electronics!resellers,!for!one,! have!existed!for!years!and!purchase!old!tech! h_p://www.viewsfromthefield.com/thefefwasteftragedyf2014f afdocumentaryfonfthefbusinessfoffwaste/! products.!More!recently,!large!tech!companies! including!Apple!and!phone!carriers!like!Verizon! About&the&)ilmmaker& Wireless,!TfMobile!USA!and!AT&T!have!begun! tradefin!programs!for!cellphones,!offering! Cosima!Dannoritzer!is!a!documentary! consumers!credit!toward!buying!new!phones.!The! filmmaker!specializing!in!history!and!ecology.!Her! companies!then!oien!resell!the!old!cellphones! previous!documentary,!The$Light$Bulb$Conspiracy,! internaConally.! was!sold!to!more!than!30!territories!and!won!11! internaConal!fesCval!awards. Yet!the!efwaste!issue!persists.!Many!people! shove!their!old!computers!and!tablets!into!junk! drawers!or!closets,!said!Chris!Sullivan,!the!chief! execuCve!of!Gazelle,!a!company!that!buys!and!sells! used!electronics.!“They’re!unaware!of!the!opCons,”! he!said,!on!how!to!responsibly!dispose!of!many! electronics.!“I!think!people!aren’t!necessarily! inherently!lazy.”! To!make!way!for!tech!presents!this!holiday! ! season,!I!recently!tried!out!three!programs!for! h_ps://www.dcenvironmentalfilmfest.org/filmmaker/ gevng!rid!of!used!electronics.!The!programs,! dannoritzerfcosima/! Amazon,!Gazelle!and!Best!Buy,!are!available! naConwide.!Each!one!was!simple!to!use!and!

117! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! headacheffree,!and!I!even!managed!to!get!a!decent! I!also!used!Gazelle,!which!buys!and!sells!used! amount!of!money!for!my!old!electronics,!like!my! electronics,!to!sell!a!used!iPhone.!The!company! outdated!video!game!controller!and!a!used! gave!me!a!quote!of!$70!based!on!the!“good”! smartphone,!to!spend!on!holiday!giis.! condiCon!and!age!of!the!phone.!Then!it!gave!me! the!opCon!to!receive!a!free!box!with!packing! Amazon’s!tradefin!program!was!my!favorite!of! materials!for!the!phone!or!to!print!out!a!free! the!three!because!it!accepts!such!a!wide!variety!of! shipping!label!so!I!could!pack!and!ship!the!phone! products,!from!old!DVDs!to!WifFi!routers,!in! myself.!I!chose!the!second!opCon,!erased!the! exchange!for!Amazon!gii!cards.!The!process!starts! contents!of!the!phone,!removed!the!SIM!card!and! on!the!program’s!website,!amazon.com/tradefin,! shipped!the!phone!in!a!used!Amazon!box.!Two! where!you!can!find!out!which!items!the!retailer!will! weeks!later,!aier!Gazelle!inspected!the!phone,!I!got! buy.!The!process!took!me!a!while,!but!I!eventually! my!$70!via!PayPal,!the!popular!payment!service.! learned!that!the!company!would!buy!a!good! amount!of!junk!in!my!drawer:!a!PlayStaCon!3! Gazelle!sells!other!types!of!products,!too.!In! controller,!three!used!video!games!and!two!cable! years!past,!I!have!sold!used!Apple!laptops!and!an! modems!from!past!living!situaCons.!(Nontech!items! iPad!to!the!service!and!got!a!reasonable!amount!of! can!be!sold,!too.!I!even!managed!to!get!rid!of!a! money!in!return.! glutenffree!cookbook!I!bought!two!years!ago!when! “We!purchase!a!lot!more!than!just!phones,!and! my!girlfriend!was!hooked!on!that!trendy!diet.)! we!get!that!message!out!as!best!we!can,”!said!Mr.! Once!I!knew!which!items!Amazon!would!take,! Sullivan!of!Gazelle.!“We’ll!take!those!devices.”!In! the!company!supplied!me!with!a!free!shipping! the!event!that!a!product!is!unusable!and!Gazelle! label.!All!I!had!to!do!was!pack!everything!up!and! declines!the!purchase,!the!company!offers!to! drop!the!packages!off!at!a!U.P.S.!mailbox.!About!two! recycle!it!responsibly!free!through!its!partner! weeks!later,!aier!Amazon!inspected!each!item,!I! CloudBlue,!he!added.! received!about!$60!worth!of!Amazon!store!credit.! Aier!selling!items!to!both!Amazon!and!Gazelle,! Not!shabby!at!all.! I!was!sCll!lei!with!plenty!of!efjunk.!I!turned!to!Best! Buy,!which!has!a!naConwide!recycling!program!that! it!started!about!six!years!ago.!The!stores!invite! shoppers!to!drop!off!electronics,!including! televisions,!ba_eries,!ink!cartridges!and!power! cables,!at!kiosks!or!the!customer!service!desk.!Best! Buy!says!it!teams!up!with!responsible!recycling! companies!like!Electronics!Recyclers!InternaConal! and!Regency!Technologies.!Most!gadgets!can!be! dropped!off!for!recycling!free!at!Best!Buy,!though! some!states!require!consumers!to!pay!a!small!fee!to! recycle!certain!items,!like!old!TVs.! I!decided!to!put!the!Best!Buy!program!to!the! test!by!gathering!the!least!desirable!electronics!in! my!home,!along!with!some!unsolicited!items!that! have!been!mailed!to!the!New!York!Times!office!in! Other$people’s$junk$ San!Francisco!over!the!last!three!years.! Stacey!Keller,!an!Amazon!spokeswoman,!said! I!packed!up!a!DVD!collecCon!of!all!five!“Home! the!company’s!tradefin!program!allowed!people!to! Alone”!movies!(who!even!knew!there!were!five?),! declu_er!by!selling!an!array!of!eligible!items!“and!in! two!Motorola!phone!cases,!two!styluses!and!a!cup! return,!receive!an!Amazon!gii!card!which!can!be! holder!that!a_aches!to!laptops.!At!a!Best!Buy!store,! spent!on!millions!of!items!that!they!actually!want.”! I!laid!the!items!on!the!customer!service!desk!and!

118! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! described!them!one!by!one:!“Here’s!a!collecCon!of! on!the!supply!chain!relaConships.!Designing!from! ‘Home!Alone’!DVDs!that!nobody!will!ever!want,!a! start!meant!the!company!could!look!more!deeply!at! useless!cup!holder,!some!lame!styluses!and!some! how!that!design!affects!the!supply!chain.!“With! Motorola!cases,”!I!said.! Fairphone!One!we!had!to!reverse!engineer!the! supply!chain!and!we!got!stuck!at!a!certain!point.! The!Best!Buy!employee!laughed!and!thanked! Now!we!can!use!certain!materials!and!we!can! me!before!placing!the!items!in!a!pile.!I!was! choose!the!partners!we!want!to!work!with,”!Van! surprised!she!didn’t!ask!me!to!pay!the!store!to!take! Abel!says.!On!top!of!the!fairftrade!relaConships!it! the!junk!away!from!me.!Now!I’m!efwasteffree!and! had!for!Cn,!tantalum,!and!copper,!the!company!now! ready!for!some!new!gear.! has!new!ones!for!tungsten!and!gold.! h_p://www.nyCmes.com/2015/12/03/technology/howftofsellf orfrecyclefoldfelectronics.html? emc=edit_ct_20151203&nl=personaltech&nlid=58282732&_r= 1! This)Smartphone)Is)Made)From)Fairly) Mined)Minerals,)And)It’s)Designed)To) Last)Longer)Than)Your)Contract) Finally,$a$mobile$device$you$can$feel$good$about— not$because$it’s$shiny$and$new,$but$because$it’s$ ethically$made$and$built$to$last.$ Co.Exist,!June!22,!2015 By!Ben!Schiller! Watch$video$ Bas!van!Abel!wanted!a!phone!that!worked!well! At!the!same!Cme,!it!has!thought!about!how!to! enough,!but!avoided!the!conflict!mineral!issues!and! make!the!phone!last!longer,!so!there’s!less!need!for! harsh!working!pracCces!built!into!mainstream! a!constant!stream!of!new!materials.!The!new! devices.!So!two!years!ago,!he!created!the! version!is!made!to!be!durable!(with!a!hard,! Fairphone,!a!phone!that!would!be!adequate!in!its! integrated!case)!and!repairable.!The!back!comes!off! funcConality!but!exemplary!in!its!supply!chain.! easily,!revealing!a!transparent!layer!of!components,! each!of!which!can!easily!be!taken!out!and!swapped! Since!we!last!spoke!to!him,!he!seems!to!have! for!others.!And!the!screen!is!a!separate!piece,!so! succeeded.!The!Dutch!company!has!sold!60,000! you!can!source!a!new!one!without!buying!a!whole! units!and!established!a!string!of!direct!and! new!model.! traceable!relaConships!with!mineral!suppliers! around!the!world.!Now!it’s!launching!a!wholly!new! version,!one!that!considers!not!only!the!phone's! preflife!but!its!longevity!and!aierlife!as!well.! As!you!can!imagine,!building!a!phone!from! scratch!isn’t!easy,!especially!when!you!have!ethical! expectaCons.!“We!had!a!lot!of!people!expecCng!us! to!kind!of!create!world!peace!at!the!same!Cme!as! making!a!phone,”!Van!Abel!says.!“I!felt!a!li_le! bipolar.!SomeCmes!I!felt!like!dying.!At!other!Cmes,!I! felt!on!top!of!the!world.”! The!new!version!is!different!in!that!Fairphone! “We!made!a!phone!that!people!can!open,!so! designed!every!aspect!itself.!The!previous!version! they!can!change!parts!themselves.!If!they!can!take! was!mostly!licensed,!with!Fairphone!concentraCng! care!of!it,!they!are!probably!going!to!use!it!longer!

119! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! and!that!means!they’re!probably!going!to!use!it! E_FAQs$ longer,”!Van!Abel!says.! Is!“efwaste”!clearly!defined?! The!new!model!will!sell!for!525!Euros!aier!tax! The!term!“efwaste”!is!loosely!applied!to! and!launch!in!Europe!this!summer.!The!U.S.!version! consumer!and!business!electronic!equipment!that! is!due!out!next!year.! is!near!or!at!the!end!of!its!useful!life.!There!is!no! Fairphone!is!a!social!enterprise!that!doesn’t! clear!definiCon!for!efwaste;!for!instance!whether!or! make!a!profit.!It’s!privately!owned!by!its!original! not!items!like!microwave!ovens!and!other!similar! investors!and!has!funded!its!operaCons!from! “appliances”!should!be!grouped!into!the!category! crowdfunding!(it!prefsold!25,000!phones!without! has!not!been!established.! ever!making!anything,!generaCng!$7!million)!and! Is!“efwaste”!considered!hazardous?! other!sales!of!the!first!phone.!On!top!of!that,!it!also! took!out!a!$2.5!million!bank!loan!to!develop!the! Certain!components!of!some!electronic! second!version.! products!contain!materials!that!render!them! hazardous,!depending!on!their!condiCon!and! The!longfterm!goal!isn’t!to!get!rich,!or!even!to! density.!For!instance,!California!law!currently!views! sell!millions!and!millions!of!phones—it’s!to!bring! nonfuncConing!CRTs!(cathode!ray!tubes)!from! change!to!the!cellfphone!industry.!“We!want!to! televisions!and!monitors!as!hazardous.! a_ract!people!who!understand!that!you!have!to!be! an!acCve!player!to!make!something!like!Fairphone! What!should!I!do!with!my!electronic!discards?! possible.!If!we!can!make!fairer!products,!we!can! create!space!for!the!big!guys!to!scale!their!ethical! business!as!well,”!Van!Abel!says.! In!a!sense,!Fairphone!is!like!a!protest!company.! Its!phones!don’t!just!make!calls!and!send!texts.! They’re!also!tangible!and!provocaCve!proof!that! things!can!be!done!differently!in!the!phone! industry.! h_p://www.fastcoexist.com/3047535/thisfsmartphonefisf madeffromffairlyfminedfmineralsfandfitsfdesignedftoflastf longerfthanfyour! What)Is)E]Waste?) Efwaste!is!a!popular,!informal!name!for! electronic!products!nearing!the!end!of!their!“useful! life.”!Computers,!televisions,!VCRs,!stereos,!copiers,! The!mantra!of!“Reduce,!Reuse,!Recycle”!applies! and!fax!machines!are!common!electronic!products.! here.! Many!of!these!products!can!be!reused,!refurbished,! • Reduce!your!generaCon!of!efwaste!through! or!recycled.! smart!procurement!and!good!maintenance.!! With!the!passage!of!the!Electronic!Waste! • Reuse!sCll!funcConing!electronic!equipment! Recycling!Act!of!2003,!certain!porCons!of!the! by!donaCng!or!selling!it!to!someone!who!can!sCll! electronic!waste!stream!are!defined!and!the! use!it.! systems!to!recover!and!recycle!them!will!be! administraCvely!regulated!beyond!the!universal! • Recycle!those!products!that!cannot!be! waste!rules!that!apply!to!material!handling.!Please! repaired.!To!find!an!organizaCon!that!will!manage! review!CalRecycle’s!efforts!to!implement!the!Act!for! your!electronics!for!recycling,!search!the! more!informaCon.! directory.! How!can!I!learn!more!about!this!topic?!

120! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016! For!more!informaCon,!explore!the!resources! The)dangers)of)e]waste) available!within!this!site.!Two!outstanding! overviews!include:! The!Ecologist,!June!4,!2009 By!Dr.!Keith!Baker! • The!U.S.!EPA!provides!a!historic!overview!of! the!issue!from!a!naConal!perspecCve.!!(PDF!with! In!February!2009!the!Environment!Agency! detailed!informaCon,!1.3!MB).!(Note:!if!you! began!its!first!prosecuCon!against!an!individual!for! decide!to!print!the!document,!we!suggest!you!do! an!efwaste!crime,!and!claims!to!have!prevented!33! so!in!black!and!white—not!color.)! shipments!in!the!previous!six!months.! Yet!this!is!a!drop!in!the!ocean!compared!to!the! • The!InsCtute!for!Local!SelffReliance!published! Plug!Into!Electronics!Reuse!to!help!expand!the! esCmated!33,000!tonnes!of!computers!alone!that! reuse!infrastructure!for!electronics.!Included!in! the!UK!illegally!exports!to!Africa!each!year.! the!publicaCon!are!profiles!of!22!model! In!August!2008!the!New$York$Times!described!ef electronics!reuse!operaCons!in!the!United!States.! waste!as!“the!world’s!fastest!growing!and! h_p://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Electronics/WhaCsEwaste/! potenCally!most!dangerous!waste!problem”.!The! export!of!waste!electrical!and!electronic!equipment! Cleaning)Up)Electronic)Waste)(E] to!the!developing!world,!much!of!it!leaving!our! Waste)) ports!classified!as!‘reuse’,!is!a!serious!issue!that! remains!largely!unaddressed!in!naConal!legislaCon.! EPA!efforts!support!the!United!States! Although!the!UK!is!a!signatory!to!the!1989!Basel! government's!NaConal!Strategy!for!Electronics! ConvenCon!(an!internaConal!treaty!designed!to! Stewardship,!which!details!the!federal! reduce!the!movement!of!hazardous!waste!between! government’s!plan!to!enhance!the!management!of! naCons,!specifically!from!developed!naCons!to! electronics!throughout!the!product!lifecycle.! poorer!countries)!and!its!subsequent!revisions!this! EPA!collaborates!with!the!United!NaCons! illegal!trade!has!conCnued!unabated. University!f!Solving!the!Efwaste!Problem!IniCaCve! (StEP)!Exit!to!jointly!address!the!efwaste!problem!in! developing!countries.!EPA!and!StEP!signed!a! cooperaCve!agreement!on!this!topic!in!November! 2010.!EPA!and!StEP!are!working!collaboraCvely!on! tracking!global!flows!of!efwaste,!strengthening! Ethiopia’s!efforts!to!manage!efwaste.!EPA!is!a! founding!member!of!StEP!and!serves!on!the!StEP! Steering!Commi_ee.! EPA!also!works!bilaterally!with!governments! ! and!environmental!officials!around!the!world!on!ef TradiConally,!as!with!so!many!other! waste!management.!!EPA!and!China’s!Ministry!of! environmental!problems,!the!USA!has!borne!the! Environmental!ProtecCon!iniCated!cooperaCon!on! brunt!of!the!blame,!and!indeed!it!conCnues!to! this!issue!in!2010.!!In!addiCon,!EPA!and! export!between!70!and!80!per!cent!of!its!efwaste!to! Environmental!ProtecCon!AdministraCon!Taiwan! the!developing!world,!but!at!least!it!can!point!to!the! (EPAT)!coordinate!the!InternaConal!EfWaste! fact!that!it!did!not!sign!the!Basel!ConvenCon!back!in! Management!Network!(IEMN),!which!has!brought! 1989.! together!environmental!officials!from!Asia,!LaCn! However!a!real!change!is!now!on!its!way.! America,!the!Caribbean,!Africa,!and!North!America! Obama!has!pledged!to!sign!the!ConvenCon,!but! to!exchange!best!pracCces!on!efwaste!management! much!more!significantly!2009!sees!the!piloCng!of!ef since!2011.!!! Stewards!f!an!iniCaCve!set!up!by!the!Basel!AcCon! h_p://www.epa.gov/internaConalfcooperaCon/cleaningf electronicfwastefefwaste!

121! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

Network!(BAN)!and!backed!by!a!growing!number!of! legiCmate!domesCc!efwaste!recyclers.! efStewards!aims!to!tackle!the!problem!of! cowboy!recyclers!who!are!responsible!for!a! significant!volume!of!waste!electronic!goods!leaving! the!country!for!‘reuse’!through!providing!an! independent!registraCon!service!backed!by!both! the!industry!and!the!Basel!AcCon!Network,!a!worldf renowned!NGO!that!campaigns!on!efwaste!issues.! The!UK!Government!has!a!parCcularly!poor! record!when!it!comes!to!efwaste.!It!was!one!of!the! last!EU!naCons!to!implement!the!Waste!Electrical! and!Electronic!Equipment!(WEEE)!DirecCve,!to!the! point!of!narrowly!avoiding!prosecuCon!in!the!EU! courts,!and!despite!its!claim!that!this!late! implementaCon!would!result!in!a!more!effecCve! response!there!is!li_le!or!no!evidence!to!support! this.! h_p://www.theecologist.org/invesCgaCons/ poliCcs_and_economics/269796/the_dangers_of_ewaste.html!

122! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

father!of!two!sons!and!is!enjoying!grandfatherhood! Speakers,)Panels,)and) with!his!four!grandchildren.! Presentations) Cassidy$Wallerstein!currently!serves!as!the! Community!EducaCon!and!Event!Coordinator!for! Environmental&Justice&Panel& ConservaCon!Corps!North!Bay,!a!local!nonprofit!that! works!with!youth!from!underserved!communiCes!in! Mill!Valley!Group!producer!and!director!Will$ Marin!and!Sonoma!counCes.!Prior!to!her!work!with! Parrinello,!along!with!partner!John!Antonelli,!has! CCNB,!she!worked!for!San!Francisco!Department!of! been!making!documentaries!on!environmental!and! the!Environment,!where!she!provided! social!issues!for!almost!three!decades.!For!the!past! environmental!educaCon!to!San!Francisco!schools.! 11!years,!the!duo!has!produced!an!Emmy!Awardf She!graduated!from!UC!Santa!Barbara!with!a!degree! winning!series!that!features!portraits!of!grassroots! in!Environmental!Studies.! acCvists.!Parinello’s!other!films!include!Jack$ Kerouac:$King$of$the$Beats,!Dreaming$of$Tibet!and! Angle$of$Inspira;on.! Ryan$Camero!is!a!2015!Brower!Youth!Award!winner.! Ryan’s!hometown!of!Stockton,!CA,!has!its!share!of! social!challenges—poverty,!violence,!and!drug! abuse!to!name!a!few.!To!make!sense!of!these! challenges,!Camero!started!volunteering!with! Restore!the!Delta.!Camero’s!work!with!the!group,! where!he’s!now!officially!employed,!helped!him! understand!the!trials!of!a!community!facing!both!a! drought!and!water!privaCzaCon.!Meanwhile,!his! interest!in!storytelling!through!art!connected!him!to! the!Beehive!CollecCve,!an!acCvist!art!collecCve.!In! 2014,!with!the!help!of!informaCon!and!resources! from!Restore!the!Delta!and!Food!and!Water!Watch,! Camero’s!understanding!of!the!intersecConal! relaConship!between!social,!environmental,!and! economic!inequiCes!grew!and!conCnues!to!guide! his!role!as!a!crossfpollinator,!creaCng!collaboraCons! across!organizaCons!and!groups!with!unique! missions!yet!common!goals.! Andrés$Soto,!with!Community!for!a!Be_er! Environment,!is!a!Richmond,!California,!raised! advocate!for!social!jusCce!who!for!more!than!30! years!has!engaged!in!struggles!for!civil!rights,! educaConal!rights,!immigrants’!rights,!and! environmental!jusCce.!Andrés!has!also!been!on!the! front!lines!of!the!ba_les!for!gun!control,!youth! violence!prevenCon,!eliminaCon!of!police!brutality,! and!creaCng!the!Progressive!Movement!in! Richmond.!He!is!a!founding!member!of!the! Richmond!Progressive!Alliance.!Andrés!is!also!a! working!musician!in!the!Bay!Area!and!has!played!his! saxophones!around!the!world.!Andrés!is!a!proud!

123! CFI!EducaCon! 8th!Annual!Environmental!Youth!Forum! February!8–10,!2016!

!

124!