TOAD System

Installation and Op eration Manual

for TOPS

SYSTEMS CORPORATION

sp ecial purp ose computer design manufacturing and sales

th Avenue NE

Redmond Washington

FAX

DISCLAIMER

This draft do cument is still changing As of the date of publication b elow the information

included matches the way the system op erates Subsequentchanges mayinvalidate parts

of this manual

All material contained herein is proprietary to XKL Systems Corp oration

Part Numb er

Novemb er

c

Copyright XKL Systems Corp oration

This do cument contains information which is protected bycopyright All rights are reserved Repro

duction adaptation or translation without prior written p ermission is prohibited except as allowed

under the copyrightlaws

Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government

is sub ject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph cii of the Rights in Technical Data

and Computer Software clause at DFARS for Department of Defense agencies and

subparagraphs c and c of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at

FAR for other agencies

Use of this manual and anysoftware supplied with it is restricted to this pro duct only Additional

copies of the programs may b e made for security and backup purp oses only Resale of the programs

in their present form or with alterations is expressly prohibited

Warranty

The information in this publication is sub ject to change without notice The

information contained herein should not b e construed as a commitmentby

XKL Systems Corp oration

XKL Systems Corp oration makes no warrantyofany kind with

regard to this material including but not limited to the implied

warranties of merchantability and tness for a particular purp ose

XKL Systems Corp oration shall not b e liable for errors contained herein or

for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing

p erformance or use of this material

This do cumentmaycontain material previously published by Digital Equipment Corp oration Any

such material is used here under license from Digital Equipment Corp oration

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corp oration CI DEC DECnet DECUS

DECsystem DECSYSTEM DDT HSC HSC MASSBUS PDP PDP TOPS

TOPS TOPSAN UETP and d i g i t a l

National Electrical Co de and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Asso

ciation

PostScript is a trademark of Adob e Systems Incorp orated UNIX is a trademark of some organiza

tion probably Novell

iii

Notice

The TOAD System has b een tested and found to comply with the limits for

a Class A digital device pursuant to part of the US FCC Rules These

limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference

when the equipment is op erated in a commercial environment This equipment

generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and

used in accordance with the instructional manual may cause harmful interference

to radio communications Op eration of this equipment in a residential area is likely

to cause harmful interference in which case the user will b e required to correct the

interference at his own exp ense iv

v

Preface

The TOAD System Installation and Op eration Manual for TOPS describ es the pro cedures for

installing a new TOAD System and customizing it to a particular network environment This

manual also briey describ es how to manage and op erate the system including such topics as

generating tailored Galaxy software

In several places in this do cument nouns eg b o ot are used as verbs and vice versa This is done

for conciseness at the exp ense of Standard English usage We ap ologize in advance to any oended

readers

Audience

This manual addresses TOPS op erators system managers and others who have the resp onsibility

to

Install the new TOAD System and customize the software for the particular TCPIP envi

ronment found at the site

Test the success of the installation

Manage and op erate the system

Generate a tailored batch and sp o oling Galaxy system

Organization

Chapter Site Preparation describ es the physical environment necessary to supp ort the

TOAD System

Chapter Physical Setup explains how to unpacktheTOAD System and connect it to the

surrounding environment This chapter also describ es the indicator lamps found on

the system and on the individual circuit b oards

Chapter Initial Bo ot describ es the pro cedure for b o oting the system the rst time This

chapter shows what you can exp ect to see when you turn on the TOAD System for

the rst time This chapter also explains some of TDBoot the b o otstrap program

A detailed summary of TDBoot commands can b e found in an app endix of the

TOAD System ArchitectureReference Manual

Chapter System Administration describ es the most imp ortant asp ects of customizing

TOPS to serveyour user communityTopics covered include the conguration

vi

of TOPS for your network environment the creation of login accounts for users

and the creation of lestorage directories This chapter also discusses security

considerations in the network environment and the conguration of printers on the

network Additional materials are found in TOPS System Managers Guide

Chapter System Op eration describ es some of the tasks that are required o ccasionally

shutting down timesharing reb o oting reb o oting for standalone op eration le sys

tem tasks creating a le structure creating directories backing up a le structure

checking le system consistency rebuilding a le system from a back up tap e and

formatting a disk Further tap e back up p olicies are describ ed as are a set of

p erio dic tasks Additional materials are found in TOPS Operators Guide

Chapter Running the TOPS UETP Package describ es how to run the User Envi

ronmentTest Package Uetp program This program p erforms a cursory checkof

the system

App endix A CONFIGCMD Commands describ es the system conguration command le

CONFIGCMDproviding a detailed list of the conguration commands and their

parameters This app endix describ es how to declare the system name and change

the system defaults for system devices accounting p erformance improvements

scheduler controls le archiving and migration and control other system functions

App endix B OPR Commands describ es commands to the Opr program these are covered in

greater detail in TOPS Operators Command Language Reference Manual

App endix C CheckD Commands describ es commands to the CheckD program This program

is used to create and maintain le structures

App endix D TOPS Start Up Op erations describ es how TOPS initializes itself so

that a programmer or administrator has a b etter understanding of how the con

guration parameters interact App endix E also describ es some TOPS internal

variables that aect system op eration in a global sense these are mostly of interest

to programmers

App endix E Generating a Tailored Batch and Sp o oling System contains the steps for

generating a batch and sp o oling Galaxy system tailored for your particular site

Related Do cuments

The initial software provided with the TOAD System on disk and on the DAT tap e shipp ed with

the system includes a varietyofdocuments as text or PostScript les

The manuals and guides listed b elowarevaluable as references while using this manual Some of

these have b een prepared by XKL they describ e the TOAD System sp ecically These manuals

are available as PostScript les in the directory BSDOCUMENTATIONTOAD Other manuals are

precisely as Digital Equipment Corp oration made them circa These les were intended for the

KLbased DECSYSTEM They are mentioned here b ecause they do have some applicability

to the TOPS system provided on the TOAD System The text les from Digital are found in

the directory BSDOCUMENTATION

Pertaining to all users

The word default is used in its sense in the absence of That is the default action is what the program do es in the absence of instructions that sp ecify some other action

vii

TOPS Users Guide provides an overview of the TOPS system and its general capabil

ities This guide is online in USERSMEM

TOPS Commands Reference Manual do cuments the commands handled by the TOPS

Exec The online version is in COMMANDSMEM

TOPS User Utilities Guidewhichdocuments the the programs Mail Rdmail Fil

com Cref Maklib DumperandPlease Of these the do cumentation for Dumper

is most relevent to the pro cedures in this Installation Manual The Utilities Guide is online in

USER UTILSMEM

For system managers and op erators

TOPS Operators Guide is online in OP GUIDEMEM

TOPS Operators Command Language Reference Manual is the guide to the Opr program

and its commands It is online in the le OPRCOMMEM

GUIDEMEM TOPS System Managers Guide is online in MGR

TOPS Bug Messages Manual is derived from the le SYSTEMBUGDOCTEX This manual

contains the complete messages for each of the TOPS BUGHLT BUGCHK and BUGINF

error co des The complete manual is in BUGSPSF

This manual TOPS Instal lation and Operation Manual isavailable in hardcopy and as a

PostScript le in INSTALLPSF

For systems programmers

TOAD System ArchitectureReference Manual describ es the PDP instruction set the

privileged instructions used by the op erating system and the interconnection of the various

system comp onents An app endix describ es all the commands recognized by TDBoot This

manual is online in ARCHITECTUREPSF

TOPS Monitor Cal ls Users Guide provides an overview of the system calls It is online in

JSYS USERSMEM

TOPS Monitor Cal ls Reference Manual do cuments the system calls supp orted byTOPS

REFERENCEMEM The online version is in JSYS

The Jsys program provides online lo okup of JSYS do cumentation by the name of a particular

system call This program refers to the le JSYSMAN

Using Input Recognition

The TOPS Exec command pro cessor and many other TOPS programs that read commands

from terminals oers a helpful feature to prompt you when you typ e a command Simply typ e the

rst few characters and then press the Escap e key this key is generally lab eled Esc Pressing

Esc tells TOPS to examine the the Escap e key signalled in this do cumentby the mark

viii

characters you typ ed and to complete the command for you If TOPS recognizes the characters

you typ ed it completes as much of the command as it can this is called command recognition When

it cannot printany more or do es not recognize the characters you typ ed as part of a valid command

TOPS rings the terminal b ell nowdays this is generally a b eep or similar noise and waits for

you to typ e additional characters If you typ e part of a command that means more than one thing

to TOPS it rings the terminal b ell to indicate that it needs more information By using the

Escap e key in these ways you are employing the TOPS feature called input recognition

When you use input recognition TOPS may also print some words in parentheses These words

called guide words make the command more readable and also tell you what kind of parameter

TOPS exp ects you to typ e next

In this manual commands are shown as complete words followed by the appropriate parameters

Most commands end and are acted up on when you press the Return key sometimes lab eled

Ret signies a place where the Return key must b e pressed Also the as Enter The mark

p ortion of the command that you typ e will b e marked with underliningFor example

Build PSOPERATOR Ret

If you use input recognition for this command it lo oks like this

Buil Esc D DIRECTORY NAME PSOPERATOR Ret

Input recognition completes the partial command name Builby adding the letter D it then

provides the guide words DIRECTORY NAME

Here is another example

COPY PSSYSTEMFILECMD PSOPERATORFILECMD Ret

Using input recognition the command lo oks likethis

COPY Esc FROM PSSYSTEMFILECMD Esc TO PSOPERATORFILECMD Ret

A further facility related to input recognition is invoked by the question mark character

When you typ e a question mark in the middle of a command TOPS will tell you what kind of

parameter is required For example

Old directory name being modified Build

or New directory name being created

Build

the input pointer is left at this spot

Command parameters are also called arguments

ix

This example shows that when you typ e TOPS tells you what kind of parameter the program

wants to see It then retyp es your command up to the p oint where you typ ed the question mark

and it awaits your further input

If you typ e accurately the command lines shown in this manual will b e accepted and interpreted

correctly by TOPS If you cho ose you can use input recognition In most cases if you press

the Escap e key after you typ e a command or a parameter TOPS will provide guide words or

instruct you to press the Return key

Input recognition oers several advantages First you can doublecheckyour typing b ecause the

completed command as printed by TOPS veries that your typing has b een interpreted correctly

Second you can minimize typing b ecause you need only typ e enough characters to make a unique

match with a command or parameter And third TOPS prompts your next resp onse b ecause

it prints guide words in parentheses

How to Use this Manual

You might nd it helpful to b e familiar with the information found in the TOPS Users Guide

the TOPS System Managers Guide andthe TOPS Operators Guide Butyou have to start

e somewhere you can start with this manual but b e aware of the Related Do cuments listed ab ov

If you are installing a new system read the entire manual If you are generating a tailored Galaxy

read App endix E

Typ ographical conventions used in this manual are describ ed in Table

The commands you typ e are underlined in this manual If you typ e accurately all you havetodo

is p erform the indicated function and verify that your actual terminal output resembles the sample

output Be sure to include the spaces shown in the command lines

Rememb er that systems dier in memory size and p eripherals so steps that describ e conguring

memory conguring network printers and disk drives and assigning logical unit numb ers to tap e

drives require you to typ e the values that are correct for your system and not the sample parameters

shown in the examples

If your terminal output do es not resemble the sample output rst read all of the instructions after

the word Error then cho ose the recovery pro cedure that corrects your problem

Note

The version and edit numb ers in this manual may dier from those printed on your

terminal The numb ers printedonyour terminal must b e equal to or greater than the

numb ers in this manual

Time estimates are included so that you knowabouthow long a step takes Times are estimated to

the nearest minute so dont worry if a step takes somewhat longer or shorter than this

x

Table Typ ographical Conventions

Symbol Indicates

Ret The Return or Enter key

Esc The Escap e ESC ALT ALTMODE or PREFIX key

The TOPS Exec programs prompt character as represented

in this manual Your actual prompt may dier as the prompt can

be set byeach user As delivered your system will prompt with

Host

The Execs sub command prompt

The Execs Enabled prompt character as represented in this man

ual Your actual prompt may b e dierent

The Execs Enabled sub command prompt

Esc In some programs eg DDTtheecho of

CTRL Press and hold the CTRL Control keythentyp e the backslash

keyWhentyp ed on the console terminal this key summons the

microcommand pro cessor which prompts bytyping either XKL

or XKL the former signies that a program is running the latter

signies that the PDP instructionset pro cessor is halted

CTRLx Press and hold the CTRL Control keythentyp e the other indi

cated key in this example x

X The echo of CTRLxFor example pressing CTRLz echo es as

Z Note that pressing CTRLx do es not always echo with x on

your terminal For example CTRL hasnoecho at all

Typewriter Font Actual or typical output from the computer In running text

this font also signies the actual name of a command or the name

of a le

Actual input required in a command string You must typ e suchan Typewriter Font

element in full or with an abbreviation acceptable to the system

Generally TOPS commands and le names are not sensitiveto

any dierence b etween upp ercase and lowercase characters

X Actual input of CTRLX

Italic Font An input variable in a command string for example name or num

b er These are variables that you must determine

Spaces Spaces are used to separate elements of a command A space must

b e input where shown Generally TOPS will tolerate multiple

spaces where one space is shown

Small Caps The names of programs typically app ear in small capital letters

f X j Y j Z g A list of alternatives within a command You must sp ecify one of

the alternatives in your command string Do not typ e the braces

or the vertical bar in the actual command string

This mark indicates that some of the lines in the example or gure

are not shown

xi

Revision History

Decemb er to Present

This revision list has b een created and added to the manual

Class A warning has b een added to the frontmatter and chapter

Language describing the emergency p ower o connection was changed

The installation pro cedure for the XTU has b een added

The chapter on Galaxy has b een added

The frontmatter has b een expanded

Figures depicting the machine and the bit to bit converter were added xii

CONTENTS xiii

Contents

Preface v

Revision History xi

Site Preparation

Electrical

Power Connection

Emergency Power O Connection

Air Conditioning

Network Environment

Terminal Server

Network Printer

Radio Interference

Physical Set Up

Unpacking

Assembly

Mounting

Battery Installation

Power Connections

Mains Power

er O Emergency Pow

External Device Connections

Console Terminal

Auxiliary Console

SCSI Devices

Connectors

General SCSI Cabling

DAT DriveCabling

XTU Cabling

The SCSI Standard

SCSI Target ID Selection

Network

Indicator Lamps and Jump ers

XKL Pro cessor

XRH SCSI Bus Controller

xiv CONTENTS

XNI Ethernet Controller

XMG Memory

Starting the System

Initial Bo ot

Other Bo ot Op erations

Abnormal Conditions

Board Swapping

Backplane Swapping

Disk Structure Problems

System Administration

Conguring TOPS

System Denitions

Network Conguration

Users Directories and Accounts

Dening New Users

FINGER Data Base

Mail Aliases

Dening Directories

Console Terminal Op eration

Security Considerations

Encrypted Passwords

Security Pro cedures

More Extreme Measures

Network Printers

Printing on a Printer Attached to a Terminal Server

Printing to a Remote Printer Queue or a Networked Printer

System Op eration

Shutting Down the System

Bo oting the System

Reb o oting the System for StandAlone Op eration

File System

Creating Disk Structures

Creating Directories

File and Directory Protection

Managing Directory Access

File System BackUp

Perio dic Tasks

Rebuilding the Bo ot Structure from Tap e

Less Drastic Measures

Reinitializing the TOPS File System from Tap e

Formatting a Disk

Tap e Backup

Tap e Handling

The OPR Program

CONTENTS xv

Other Perio dic Tasks

Accounting Data

The BSSPOOL directory

The SERRERRORSYS le

Running the TOPS UETP Package

Obtaining a Tap e Drive

Systems without Tap e Drive Allo cation

Systems with Tap e Drive Allo cation

Using a Logical Name for the Tap e Drive

Running the Standard Tests

Running Optional Tests

Deleting Temp orary Directories

Release the Tap e Drive

App endices

A CONFIGCMD Commands

A Dening SystemWide Logical Names

A Selecting an Editor

A Dening Magnetic Tap e Logical Unit Numbers

A Dening the Lo cal Time Zone

A Sp ecifying DaylightSavings Time

arameter Setting A Directory P

A AccountValidation

A Performance Improvements

A Working Set Swapping

A Scheduler Controls

A Bias Control

A Traditional Scheduling

A Class Scheduling

A Class Scheduling byaPolicy Program

A Class Scheduling by Accounts

A File Archiving and Migration Parameters

A ArchiveTap e Recycle Perio d

A Migration Tap e Recycle Perio d

A Tap e Drive Allo cation

A Accounting Shift Changes

A Controlling System Message Levels

A Network Information

A Designating Oline Structures

A The Login Structure Facility

A Prev enting Fast Login

A Password Management

A Designating Minimum Password Length

A Changing Passwords Regularly

A Disallowing Certain Passwords

xvi CONTENTS

A Dumping on Nonfatal System Errors

A Disabling the Console Terminal for Op erator Output

A Enabling the Access Control Program

A Setting Console Terminal Parameters

A Commands not Supp orted in the TOAD System

A Assigning MSCPserved Disk Drives

A Cluster Data Gathering

A Cluster Information

A Cluster Sendalls

A The Magtap e Command

A The Printer Command

A Running SETSPD Interactively

B OPR Commands

C CheckD Commands

D TOPS Start Up Op erations

D TOPS Initialization

D TOPS System Variables

E Generating a Tailored Batch and Sp o oling System

E Restoring the GALAXY Source Files

E Restoring the Galaxy Sources

E Verify

E Running the GALGEN Program

E Assembling the New GALAXY System

E Shutting Down the Old GALAXY System

E Starting up the New GALAXY System

E Making Your New GALAXY System Permanent

F TDBOOT Command Summary

F Macroconsole commands

F Microconsole commands

Index

Chapter

Site Preparation

This chapter describ es the requirements at the lo cation where the TOAD System is to b e installed

Electrical

The two electrical requirements are that p ower b e supplied to the system and if the system is to

b e installed in a computer ro om that a means b e provided to disconnect electrical p ower including

battery p ower from the system

Power Connection

The TOAD System can b e p owered from either VAC A or VAC A Hz A

separate circuit is recommended for this system esp ecially if it is p owered from VAC The

power inlet on the rear panel of the machine is an IEC connector mating p ower cords to plug

into a variety of standard electrical outlets are available Wehave attempted to supply a cable that

will plug into the receptacle typ e common in the country to whichthemachine is shipp ed other

typ es may b e acquired either from XKL or from lo cal suppliers

Emergency Power O Connection

The TOAD System contains a battery whichprovides p ower during interruptions of the regular

AC source

According to Article of the US National Electrical Co de NEC some lo cations are

classied as Information Technology Equipment Ro oms ie computer ro oms Such lo cations

require a Disconnecting Means informally an emergency p ower o button or EPO which

er to all equipment in the ro om The disconnecting means shall also disconnect shall disconnect p ow

CHAPTER SITE PREPARATION

the supply and output circuits of Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS systems installed within the

computer ro om the disconnecting means shall disconnect the battery from its load

When the TOAD System is installed in a computer ro om it must b e attached to the Disconnecting

Means The back panel contains a connector for this purp ose That connector should b e wired in

parallel with any other devices that are connected to the EPO circuit VAC The system

is furnished with an EPO control cable and with a T connector This connector accepts the EPO

cable and it presents the EPO signal on two female connectors Plug one of the female connectors

into the connector on the backpanel the second connector allows you to extend the EPO circuit to

another system in daisychain fashion so that all will shut down together when the Disconnecting

Means is activated Toavoid currentoverload in the control cables no more than systems should

b e attached to a single daisychain

The site should b e equipp ed with control connection to the EPO circuit brought to an electrical

box on the wall or as co de p ermits in the subo or The connector is

RKF Female plugfemale thread bulkhead connector

Turck Inc

Campus Drive

Minneap olis MN

The EPO control cable has three wires The connector p osition nearest the notchischassis ground

Facing the female connector from the connector side not the wire side and moving in a clo ckwise

direction from the ground pin the other two connector pins are EPO source VAC and

return neutral Actuation of the Disconnecting Means should provide p ower on the EPO source

wire for a sucient duration so that the connected devices resp ond The circuits supplied by the

Disconnecting Means should b e p owered from a source other than those that it intends to disconnect

The TOAD System includes a m EPO control cable XKL part numb er that can

all b ox or it can connect one system to another Cables can b e extended connect a system to the w

by connecting one to another

Air Conditioning

The TOAD System dissipates up to W dep ending on the numb er of mo dules and IO devices

mounted in its cabinet Adequate air circulation and co oling must b e provided to maintain the inlet

air temp erature in the range C C F F Airow through the cabinet is rated at

 

ft min m min

If the inlet air temp erature rises to o high or if the airow is restricted the system will protect itself

byshutting down abruptly Anattempthasbeenmadetogive the op erating system a warning in

this case in some multifault scenarios the system could crash leading to loss of data Therefore

adequate environmental control is highly recommended

Consult lo cal building co de requirements

Some backpanels contain two EPO connectors in this case the male connector accepts the incoming EPO cable

and the female connector is available to extend the EPO circuit to another system

NETWORK ENVIRONMENT

Network Environment

Terminal Server

The TOAD System is designed to b e part of a networked computing environment Consequently

nearly all terminal connections to the system are virtual terminals or TCP connections These may

originate in several ways from another computer that supp orts TCPIP from a network terminal

or from a terminal server whichprovides TCPIP supp ort for RS devices that do not havethat

capability

A network terminal server also will supp ort a wide variety of devices that use an RS connection

either as a command input or as a statusrep orting p ort User programs running on the TOAD

System can form connections to devices through their terminal server and can then use these

connections to monitor or control the attached devices

Network Printer

Aprinter is a sp ecial case of an RS device that can b e controlled through a TCP connection If

aprinter is attached to a terminal server then anynumb er of computers not necessarily b eing all

the same typ e can gain sequential access to it The print sp o oling programs need only to op en a

TCP connection to the printers p ort on the terminal server pass the data and close the connection

when done The terminal server then resolves comp eting requests for service and eective sharing

of the printer is automatic

Alternatelyaprinter that supp orts TCPIP internally can b e attached directly to an Ethernet

segment so that it is available to several systems In this case the printers TCPIP service resolves

comp eting connection requests pro viding sequential access to that printer

A third option is to equip a printer with an external b ox that provides the TCPIP service Sucha

device attaches to the Ethernet on one side it accepts TCP connections there The printer attaches

to the other p ort it op erates solely on command from the adapter b ox In this case the adapter

box resolves contending requests and the printeriseectively shared

Finally print service maybehandledby other networked computers eg UNIX systems the

physical connection b etween a printer and suchamachine can b e anything supp orted bythat

machines op erating system

CHAPTER SITE PREPARATION

Radio Interference

Notice

The TOAD System has b een tested and found to comply with the limits for

a Class A digital device pursuant to part of the US FCC Rules These

limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference

when the equipment is op erated in a commercial environment This equipment

generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and

used in accordance with the instructional manual may cause harmful interference

to radio communications Op eration of this equipment in a residential area is likely

to cause harmful interference in which case the user will b e required to correct the

interference at his own exp ense

Chapter

Physical Set Up

This chapter describ es how to unpackyour TOAD System and connect it to the world

You should receive the following items dep ending on what you have ordered

The system main chassis in a crate axed to a pallet

The battery in a shipping carton

Software Manuals and sundries This carton contains the software one DAT tap e one blank

DAT tap e manuals including this one the system p ower cord appropriate to your country

and the EPO cable

If the XTU ninetrack tap e was ordered there will b e two cartons The large carton is the

tap e drive and its p ower cord The second carton contains the ft m bit dierential

SCSI cable an in m bit SCSI dierential cable the bit to bit SCSI converter

box and an bit dierential SCSI terminator

The following to ols are required for installation

Phillipshead screwdriver

inchsocket ratchet driver

inchnut driver

inch hex driver

Unpacking

The system is shipp ed in a crate axed to a pallet We recommend that the entire crate b e placed

near the installation site b efore unpacking If your system includes a track tap e drive it will

x arrive in a separate b o

CHAPTER PHYSICAL SET UP

To unpack the system remove all inch b olts ratchet driver and inchsocket that hold

the top and sides of the exterior packing b ox together This will exp ose the interior packing crate

resting on the shipping pallet Slide the crate o the pallet Disassemble the interior packing crate

by cutting the plastic strapping This will leaveyou with a nice shinyTOAD System Move the

system cabinet to its nal p osition You may retain the packing crate in storage in case the system

must b e repacked and shipp ed to another lo cation

Assembly

Mounting

If the system is freestanding no additional assembly is required The sides of the cabinet should

b e blue Place the system in the desired lo cation and go on to the next step

If the system is to b e mounted in a rack this should b e done rst along with any p eripheral

equipment that is to b e installed in the same rack In this case the sides of the b ox should b e

aluminumcolored and rackmount ears should b e visible

This system is quite heavy when fully assembledIfitistobemounted in a rack XKL recommends

that the system cabinet b e supp orted on anglebracket rails rated for a p ound Kg load

The rackmount ears are not intended to b ear the full load of the cabinet they should b e used to

secure the system to the front rails of the rack

Due to the weight of the system some arrangements of equipmentina rack are susceptible to tipping

over Equipment mounted in a rackshouldbearrangedsoastoprovide a lowcenter of gravity

Sp ecial precautions should b e taken to secure equipment lo cated in seismically activ e regions

Battery Installation

The battery is shipp ed in a separate package

SafetyWarning

Turn o the ACpower at the systems main breaker

Disconnect the ACpower cord

Remove rings bracelets watches and any other metallic ob jects from your

ngers hands and wrists Also remove lo ose necklaces neckchains dangling

earrings and any other jewelry that might come into contact with parts of

the machine There is quite enough energy stored in the battery to cause a

serious burn if it should discharge through anysuch ob ject

ASSEMBLY

Figure TOAD System Rear View

c c c c c c c c c

c c

c c

c c c c c c c c c

Battery

Breaker

Battery

Connector

Main

Breaker

AC Input

Battery

EPO

i

Battery Compartment is Op en Upp er Rear Cover is Removed

CHAPTER PHYSICAL SET UP

Facing the back of the machine where the p ower cord attaches the battery compartment is b ehind

the p erforated cover panel that o ccupies the righttwothirds of the lower section of the machine to

the right of the panel with the main AC breaker and p ower inlet Remove the screws that secure

the backcover panel remove the cover panel Refer to Figure which depicts the system with the

battery compartmentopen

The internal battery breaker is lo cated on the left wall of the compartment on the partition that

separates the battery compartment from the ACpower inlet and p ower supply compartment Turn

o the internal battery breaker by pulling its handle towards you the numeral and the word

OFF should b e visible on the far side of the breaker handle when the breaker is o

The battery is heavy handle it carefully Orient the battery so that when the battery is installed

the battery cables will b e close to the rear of the system ie cables toward you There are four

threaded p osts protruding upwards from the b ottom of the battery compartment Remove the ange

nut from each of these p osts Put the battery in the compartment aligned so that the slots on the

base of the battery are over the threaded p osts Use the ange nuts to secure the battery to the

b ottom of the battery compartment

Connect the battery cable to the connector lo cated on the left wall of the battery compartment just

b elow the battery breaker Match the colors of the battery cable to the colors on the connector

Turn the battery breaker on push the handle awayfromyou the numeral and the word ON

should b e visible on the breaker handle when the breaker is on

The main system co oling fan is lo cated at the top frontaway from you of the battery compartment

Verify that your installation do es not interfere with the movement of the fan assembly The fan

blades should turn easily by hand Due to the construction of the fan motor the fan will demonstrate

a preference to stop at particular p ositions

Reinstall the backcover panel securing all the screws Reconnect the ACpower cord

Power Connections

Mains Power

The p ower connection is an IEC male connector mounted in the lower left in the back of the

system facing the rear of the cabinet Connect the p ower cord to this plug

Plug the system into either a VAC A circuit or to a VAC A circuit The

power system automatically detects the line voltage and adjusts itself As noted in Section

XKL recommends that this system b e connected to a separate circuit esp ecially if the system is to

op erate on VAC

The main circuit breaker is b oth the system p ower ono switch and a protective device This

breaker switches b oth ACandDCpower Overload on either AC or DC will trip this breaker It is

lo cated on the rear of the unit near the ACpower connection protected from accidental actuation

by a sheetmetal tab

A second circuit breaker accessible inside the battery compartment interrupts only DC p ower from

EXTERNAL DEVICE CONNECTIONS

and recharging p ower to the battery If this breaker is left o the battery will not b e available to

keep the system running when line p ower fails nor will the battery recharge This breaker is tripp ed

by an EPO event see b elow it must b e reset manually after an EPO event

Emergency Power O

Provided the system is prop erly connected into a computer ro om Emergency Power O EPO

circuit as describ ed in Section actuation of the ro om EPO switch will cause the battery

circuit breaker to trip Presumably the op eration of the EPO switch will also removeACpower

from the system at the same time This breaker must b e reset manually after removing the cover

from the battery compartment as describ ed in Section The breaker trip coil is set for

VAC and it disconnects when the breaker trips Thus the EPO circuit will op erate correctly at any

voltage from VACtoVAC without overloading the breaker coil

External Device Connections

Connections to SCSI buses Ethernets and the console terminal are protected by a sheet metal

cover over the upp er half of the rear of the cabinet To gain access to these connections remove the

three screws securing the cover to the cabinet then slide the cover straightback lifting it slightly

Replace the cover after making the connections and securing cabling to external devices

Console T erminal

The console terminal p ort is a DB plug male wired as a DTE Data Terminal Equipment

connection mounted on the back panel of the XKL mo dule the pin assignments are shown in

Table To connect to a lo cal terminal also a DTE one needs a null mo dem or correctly wired

cable This cable may b e strainrelieved by securing the cable to one of the wiretie anchors

installed in the lower rear panel

The p ort characteristics are xed at baud data bits no parity stop bit

Auxiliary Console

The auxiliary terminal p ort is presented as a DB plug wired as a DTE Data Terminal Equipment

connection The standard signal assignments are shown in Table To connect this p ort to a

mo dem a DCE Data Communications Equipment one needs a mo dem cable As noted ab ove

for the console p ort attachment of the auxiliary p ort to another DTE requires a null mo dem or a

sp ecial cable Port serial characteristics are the same as for the console p ort

The correct cable connects pin of the console p ort to pin of the terminal and pin of the console p ort to pin

of the terminal

Mo dems vary so some exp erimentation may b e required Start with a cable that is wired straight through ie pin to pin pin to pin etc

CHAPTER PHYSICAL SET UP

Pin Function Console Aux

Frame Ground

TxD from XKL

RxD to XKL

RTS from XKL

Signal Ground

CD to XKL

DTR from XKL

RI to XKL

Table RS Connector Pin Assignment

The auxiliary terminal p ort functions only when it is enabled by a console command see Section

SCSI Devices

The TOAD System will b e delivered with SCSI cables and target identication numb ers already

set up in a working conguration The following material is for your reference in the event that

you plan to change the conguration of SCSI buses and devices If your conguration includes the

XTU reeltoreel tap e drive you maywanttofamiliarize yourself with the description of XTU

cabling in Section

All system disk and tap e devices must conform to the SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface

standard Since this standard allows for a numberofinterface choices whichdonotinterop erate

XKL has selected an actual standard from those allowed a bit dierential bus from the controller

p orts A bus runs from the controller p ort to a numb er of bit dierential devices after whichit

may b e narrowed to bit dierential Once the bus width has b een reduced only bit devices can

b e attached farther from the controller

Each XRH controller presents four fast wide dierential SCSI buses In principle any device

meeting the SCSI sp ecication could b e connected however op erating system supp ort is limited

to those devices that wehave fully tested At present the op erating system supp orts disk drives from

several vendors one vendors reeltoreel tap e drive one vendors DAT drive and one vendors DLT

cartridge tap e drive There are some p eculiarities unique to bit computers and others unique to

the XRH customers should consult with XKL technical sta before attempting to connect devices

that arenotrecognized by the system and its software

Connectors

All connectors on the XRH are highdensity pin SCSI connectors often referred to as

Pconnectors This connector supplies all the signal and control lines to implement the dierential

bit SCSI bus

Some external devices notably reeltoreel tap e drives are available with an bit electrical inter

face only The most common connector for these devices is a lowdensity pin micro ribb on

EXTERNAL DEVICE CONNECTIONS

connector Beware this connector is also used in many SCSI applications but most SCSI

cables are singleended and these will not work prop erly with dierential SCSI devices To make

the transition b etween dierent connectors and dierent bus widths XKL has available an adapter

box XKL part numb er whichmay b e secured to the rear panel of the system cabi

net A system ordered with a reeltoreel tap e drive will come equipp ed with this adapter b oxand

necessary cables

General SCSI Cabling

Each SCSI bus starts at the XRH electrical termination is provided there Cables that serve

internal devices lo op into the IO section of the unit visit devices there and reapp ear on the back

panel of the IO section at that p oint a terminator must b e installed or the bus must b e extended

to external devices where it will terminate A cable serving only external devices attaches directly

to the XRH and runs to the rst device All buses must b e electrically terminated at their ends

If the last device do es not haveinternal termination the bus must b e terminated with a dierential

terminator A bit bus must b e terminated with a bit dierential terminator XKL part

numb er If the bus travels through the bit to bit SCSI converter b ox the bit

end of the bus must b e terminated by the last device or by an bit dierential terminatorXKL

part numb er

Strain relief anchors for external bus cables are mounted on the lower rear panel We recommend

securing all external cables to these anchors with cable ties

DATDrive Cabling

The internal DAT driveisavailable with a singleended SCSI interface only so a bus converter is

tial bus to a singleended one lo cated inside the IO section of the cabinet to change the dieren

This singleended SCSI bus comes out of the converter and go es to the DAT drive it is terminated

on b oth ends There are four pin connectors on this internal bus cable intended for additional

internal DAT drives that may b e mounted in the chassis It is not intended that this singleended

bus b e used for any devices external to the system frame

XTU Cabling

The XTU reeltoreel track tap e driveisavailable with a narrow bit dierential SCSI

electrical interface only The XTU includes the cables the bit to bit converter b ox and the

bus terminator necessary to connect the XTU to the system

Install the bit to bit dierential SCSI converter b ox pn The converter b ox

mounts on the exterior rear of the machine across the upp er p ortion of the p ower inlet panel just

ab ove the XKL logo as depicted in Figure

Remove the upp ermost screw from the rightedgeofthepower inlet panel lo osen the screw opp osite

that one at the left edge of machine frame Orient the converter b ox so the pin connector p oints

up and the pin connector p oints towards you Note the pin connector is actually larger

CHAPTER PHYSICAL SET UP

Figure XTU bit to bit SCSI Converter Box

lx l l

pin Connector

c

l

pin Connector

XKL

logo

Main

l l

Breaker

ACPower

Inlet

Converter Box

Position and Orientation

EXTERNAL DEVICE CONNECTIONS

than the pin connector Slide the ear of the converter b ox under the lo osened screw replace

the screw that was removed and tighten b oth screws

Attach the tap e drive to the SCSI bus as follows use the short bit dierential SCSI cable from



an XRH port to the converter b ox Use the long bit dierential SCSI cable from the converter

box to the tap e Use the strain relief anchors mounted on the lower rear panel to secure the

external bus cable with cable ties

The tap e will havetwo connectors for SCSI cables plug the long cable into one connector and the

bit dierential SCSI terminator into the other it do esnt matter whichiswhich at the tap e

The SCSI Standard

CAUTION Not everything that is called SCSI is electrically compatible with the particular bus

typ es that XKL supp orts Most SCSI devices are singleended In the TOAD System most

internal and all external SCSI devices are dierential for increased data transfer reliability Single

ended terminators and many plausiblelo oking cables are not compatible with the TOAD System

XKL can supply a variety of cables and terminators that are of the correct typ e Based on the

descriptions ab ove comp etent lo cal vendors may b e able to supply cables and terminators that are

compatible

SCSI Target ID Selection

In general XKL recommends that devices b e congured to spread activityasevenly as practicable

over the available buses

On each SCSI bus the target ID for each device including the XRH must b e unique After

selecting which devices are to b e attached to which SCSI bus the p erson conguring the system must

assign target IDs for each device and congure those devices accordingly The only consideration

that recommends one ID over another is that bit devices are limited to having IDs in the range

through and bit devices can talk only to an initiator whose ID is in the range through

For this reason we recommend that the XRH ID b e set to zero further on a bus that contains

b oth bit and bit devices the bit devices ought to b e assigned IDs in the range through

The default target ID for the XRH is on each SCSI bus This can b e changed by the following

console command see Section

XKLDefine ScsiId slot bus number target ID Ret

The target ID for each disk and tap e unit must b e set according to its manufacturers sp ecication

Since there are as manyschemes as device typ es the b est plan is to follow the manufacturers

directions

Systems delivered from XKL will have device target IDs set so that all are usable Individual



If no XRH portisavailable remove a bit SCSI terminator from a SCSI bus and install the short bit cable instead of the terminator

CHAPTER PHYSICAL SET UP

p eripherals ordered from XKL to b e added to an existing system will come with appropriate

directions

Network

Four indep endent connections to the IEEE standard Ethernet are supp orted on eachXNI

Each connection can b e made via twisted pair BaseT or via an AUI device

The AUI connection is used when a p ort is connected to a Media Access Unit MAU either directly

or with an AUI cable Examples of suchMAUs are multip ort rep eaters and transceivers for coaxial

cables

For a Base thin coaxial cable connection the MAU is customarily attached to the pin

AUI connector at the back of the XNI b oard Coaxial cable is run b etween the MAU and two



other connection p oints

An RJ female connector on the backpanel of the XNI supplies a BaseT connection

Twistedpair cable must b e provided running b etween this connector and the BaseT hub

providing network access This hub is the MAU in this case it is usually lo cated at some distance

from the system

Network address assignment and other conguration steps are discussed in Section

Indicator Lamps and Jump ers

The system has three lamps on the front panel to indicate the op erating status of the machine

Green indicates that DC p ower is on

Red The combination redgreen indicates that the system is running on its batterybecause

of a loss of ACpower

The red lamp lit by itself indicates that the internal temp erature has b een exceeded or

that the co oling air path was obstructed and that the machine has shut itself down

Yellow indicates the level of activity on the system It has b een carefully calibrated at the factory

so that the lamp is o when the system is idle and it is at full brightness when there is

so muc h excitement that no job is getting much service

In addition to the lamps on the front of the machine there are indicator lamps visible through the

mo dule cover panel of each of the dierent system b oards The approximate b ehavior of eachof

these lamps is describ ed in the following subsections



Or terminate one end of the coax at the MAU and run coax to one other connecting p oint

INDICATOR LAMPS AND JUMPERS

XKL Pro cessor

Ab ove each RS p ort connector is a green lamp that is turned on when that p ort is activated

The indicator for the console p ort will normally b e on The indicator for the auxiliary console p ort

will b e on only when that p ort is activated see Section

In the lower part of the XKL mo dule b oard cover a single red lamp lab eled Fault indicates the

o ccurrence of a micro co de or private memory MemA parity error Either of these errors is fatal



the XKL will either restart or halt dep ending on whether a jump er blo ck is installed at J on

the b oard Below this lamp are four green lamps that are used to signal the progress of selftests

p erformed at p oweron These lamps are o during normal system op eration

A jump er blo ck is normally installed at J to cause restart in case of error This jump er is lo cated

on the comp onent side of the PC b oard b etween the red LED and a pin header very close to

the mo dule cover panel If this jump er blo ck is removed the XKL will halt on the o ccurence of

either a micro co de or MemA parity error

XRH SCSI Bus Controller

The XRH has ve indicator lamps The red Fault lamp is lo cated b etween the Port and Port

SCSI connectors There are four green lamps one lo cated ab ove each SCSI bus connector Each

lamp reects the status of the corresp onding SCSI bus

After initialization during normal op eration the Fault light should b e o each green lamp is

turned on when the corresp onding bus is online and idle While a transaction is in progress on a

bus the corresp onding lamp is turned o Thus a blinking green lamp indicates SCSI bus activity

Even when TOPS is idle these lights should blink as the op erating system scans the devices to

see if their status has changed After initialization if the Fault lamp is o a green lamp that

remains o indicates either a bus that has b een taken out of service or one that is hung SCSI

devices on a malfunctioning bus can b e moved to working buses until the hardware can b e xed or

replaced If it is necessary to recongure the SCSI buses it is b est to do so with the system shut

down and p o wer o

During the XRH s p owerup and hard reset sequencing blinking green lamps indicate that self

testing is in progress the fault lightmay b e on for seconds or so during this initialization and

selftesting

The fault lamp is lighted continually if the selftest fails or if the XRH has released need p ower

during a p ower failure If the fault lamp blinks the b oard is malfunctioning If the fault lightstays

on a fatal XRH error has b een detected or a p ower failure is p ending



In this context halt means that execution of the micro co de will stop in contrast to the PDP HALT

instruction that stops the macroco de program When the micro co de is stopp ed there are no console functions

whatso ever

CHAPTER PHYSICAL SET UP

XNI Ethernet Controller

The red Fault lamp indicates a micro co de parity error on the XNI If it blinks continuously or

stays on the mo dule is faulty

Each p ort is decorated with lamps to indicate the status of that p ort These lamps all turn on

briey when p ower is applied and when the op erating system resets the controller

On each p ort the Link Pol lamp should b e on If a cable is connected to the RJ connector

and to a BaseT hub then when trac app ears on the cable this lamp may go out indicating

that the p olarity of the connection is reversed If this happ ens recheck the BaseT wiring The

XNI automatically corrects for this p olarity reversal so data reception will still work normally

The op erating system lights the Port OK lamp for each p ort to which it exp ects a network to b e

connected The lamp will not light from the time p ower is turned on until the rst time TOPS

starts op eration

The Link OK lamp should b e on when a live BaseT cable is plugged into the RJ connector

but o for a thinwireMAU connection or if a cable is disconnected at its far end

The Tx lamp lights when data is b eing sent from the XNI

The Rx lamp lights when data is arriving at the XNI An activenetwork will cause the Rx

lamp to icker regardless of whether or not the TOAD System is the target of the trac

XMG Memory

There is a single green lamp on this mo dule It is turned on when initialization software has cleared

memory and has determined that the mo dule functions correctly This lamp indicates that the

mo dule is available to the op erating system on line

Chapter

Starting the System

This chapter describ es what you should see on the console terminal when rst starting a TOAD

System Console commands ie commands that can b e typ ed on the console and auxiliary console

only to b o ot the op erating system are describ ed

Before turning the p ower on b e sure that the installation steps describ ed in Chapter havebeen

completed Connect a console terminal to the TOAD Systems console p ort and turn on the

console terminal Make sure the terminal parameters are set as describ ed in Section

Initial Bo ot

Assuming a console terminal is connected to the TOAD System when you rst apply p ower you

should see something resembling the following

System Processor XKL Ver

TDBoot version

System ID system options

Microcode version options

All system startup parameters are enabled

Testing cache

Testing pager

Polling and verifying bus configuration

Memory configuration and test The fol lowing line may take minutes

Slot XMG MW Testing SDdAa On line at LPN

Starting notready devices

Device configuration

Slot Device

Seq Access HP CA Serial number NA

CHAPTER STARTING THE SYSTEM

Tape MTA

Direct Access SEAGATE STW

Serial number

Structure PSBS of unit

Begin AUTOBOOT delay type C to abort or any other key to proceed now

Note The memory testing takes ab out minutes for eachMword mo dule As long as the

program displays the spinner which is a succession of characters that app ear to spin

progress is b eing made There will b e a short delay after the letter S is printed following

Testing There will b e a one to twominute delay following each of the letters D

d A and a

Error If you see no typ eout at all susp ect the console terminal its parameters and its commu

nications wiring

If the typ eout indicates a problem with the conguration typ e CTRLC to stop the b o ot

pro cess and attempt the command

Ret XKLDefine Configuration

followed by

Ret Note the periodpreceding the i XKLi

If these fail to correct the problem seek help from XKL

This typ eout displays various system resources as the CPU discovers them where and howmuch

memory is present and the layout of each SCSI bus that has resp onding disk or tap e drives on it

Devices switched o or unplugged from p ower will not b e shown since they do not resp ond

Ab out one minute after the message Begin AUTOBOOT delay the system will go on to b o ot

itself The delayallows the op erator an opp ortunitytointerrupt the automatic pro cess and direct

the system to a dierent activity

If the pro cess is interrupted bytyping CTRLC the system will resp ond with the prompt XKL

which shows that the micro command parser is ready for a command the signies that the PDP

instruction set pro cessor is halted

The console command Boot loads and starts the op erating system or a standalone program In the

absence of a structure or lename as a parameter to Bootthe default boot string will select the le

name in the absence of a default b o ot string the le named SYSTEMMONITREXE will b e sought

on the TOPS autoboot structure Another structure andor lename may b e sp ecied as a

parameter to the Boot command the replacement name string is eective for that command only

The default b o ot string can b e sp ecied as the parameter to the console command Define Boot as

shown here

XKLDefine Boot le specication Ret

Thereafter the le specication string will b e used in subsequent Boot commands

The autob o ot structure is preassigned when systems are shipp ed from the factory it maybe

changed using the CheckD program Details are in App endix C

INITIAL BOOT

If there is no autob o ot structure you must sp ecify a structure name in the Boot command If

there is no b o otable structure at all you can b o ot from tap e by supplying an explicit b o ot target

eg mta The le to b e b o oted must b e the next one on the tap e usually the rst

If the autob o ot pro cess is allowed to continue the typ eout will lo ok similar to that depicted b elow

The underlined p ortions represent resp onses that you must typ e on the terminal

Note

The customer initially receives an uncongured system whichwilltyp e various error

messages during initialization These error messages are indicated b elow Your mileage

mayvary Hop efully the error messages will indicate the name of the le that must b e

changed to correct the problem Please follow the conguration and customization tasks

describ ed in Chapter to correct these problems

Reboot requested

Using default string

Structure PS

Directory ROOTDIRECTORY

Directory SYSTEM

File PSSYSTEMMONITREXE

Loading

File entry vector is at length is

PDVA at

Filled through LPN

Starting at

PS mounted

Error in interface number in SYSTEMINTERNETADDRESS file

nean nnnnnnnnnnnn ethernet

Loading Internet host names

Bad host number format in SYSTEMHOSTSTXT

net xxxxxx YourNetworkName

OK

LOADGW Unknown keyword in fileSYSTEMINTERNETGATEWAYS

ALWAYS XXXXXXXXXXXX

SETSPD Processing SYSTEMCONFIGCMD

TOAD System TOPS Monitor

Monitor built Thu February AM

Network Time Setter

JSYS ERROR No number for that host name

This wil l becorrected when the internet parameters aresetup

Enter current date and time

If there is no autob o ot structure TOPS will also need to b e told the name of the structure to use as it starts up

CHAPTER STARTING THE SYSTEM

Enter the date and time in the form mmddyy hhmmorasshown in the example Typ e Ret to

tell TOPS to go on TOPS will rep eat the date backtoyou and ask for conrmation If you

Ret otherwise typ e N and Ret and TOPS haveentered the correct date typ e Y and

will ask for the date and time again

Enter current date and time March Ret

You have entered Friday March PM

is this correct YN y Ret

Why reload

The resp onse to Why reload is entered into the system error le BSSYSTEMERRORERRORSYS

as part of the reload record The rst word of the resp onse must b e one of a small number of

keywords for a list of valid resp onses you maytyp e and Ret For the time b eing we shall

typ e New install system

Notes

If you do not resp ond to the Why reload question within seconds the system

assumes Other and continues the startup pro cedure

If you typ e an unrecognized resp onse to Why reload TOPS will complain and

prompt you again

Ret Why reload new install system

Run CHECKD

Next TOPS asks if you want to run the CheckD program If you resp ond Yes to this question

CheckD will b e started and it will check the disk to see if it can nd any lost pages The functions

of CheckD are further explained in Section and in App endix C Although it is sometimes

worthwhile and sometimes mandatory to run CheckD for this time we shall resp ond No and

typ e Ret

Note

If you do not resp ond to this question within seconds TOPS will answer the

question No and continue the startup pro cedure

Run CHECKD no Ret

INITIAL BOOT

Mar DDMP Started

Mar SETSPD Checking for crash DUMP

SYSJOB started at Mar

Mar SYSJOB Job LOGIN OPERATOR

Mar SYSJOB Job LOGIN OPERATOR

Mar SYSJOB Job LOGIN OPERATOR

Mar SYSJOB Job LOGIN OPERATOR

Mar SYSJOB Job LOGIN OPERATOR

Mar SYSJOB Job LOGIN OPERATOR

Mar SYSJOB Job Host ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMRAISEQUOTA

Mar SYSJOB Job Host ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMMAILSTEXE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMLPTSPLBACK

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMSMTJFN BACK

Mar SYSJOB Job Host ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMSETNAM

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSMMAILR

Mar SYSJOB Job Host GET SYSOPR

Mar SYSJOB Job Host ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job Host CD DOMAIN

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN RESOLV

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMLPTSPLBACK

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMNETSRV

Mar SYSJOB Job LPTSPL

Mar SYSJOB Job Host DEPOSIT SHUTUP

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMTCPSPLBACK

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMTCPSPLBACK

Mar SYSJOB Job TCPSPL

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMTCPSPLBACK

Mar SYSJOB Job TCPSPL

Mar SYSJOB Job Host RUN SYSTEMTCPSPLBACK

Mar SYSJOB Job TCPSPL

Mar SYSJOB Job Shared page made private

Mar SYSJOB Job Host START

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR SILENCE

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR TAKE SYSTEMSYSTEMCMD

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR TAKE SYSTEMPRINTERCMD

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR PUSH

Mar SYSJOB Job End of COMANDCMD

Mar SYSJOB Job ENABLE

Mar SYSJOB Job ESET LOGIN ANY

Mar SYSJOB Job POP

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR WAIT

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR WAIT

Mar SYSJOB Job OPR RESTORE

CHAPTER STARTING THE SYSTEM

Once the system comes up to this p oint you can log in as Op erator Typ e CTRLC to start the

Exec the Exec will print a brief banner line and prompt with the character Typ e the Login

command

login operator xkltoad Ret

As you typ e this command the initial password xkltoad will not echo to the output your terminal

should lo ok like the following

Your TOAD from XKL TOPS Monitor

login operator

End of COMANDCMD

Host

Security Note

We recommend that you change the password for Op erator immediately A

full discussion of the security implications is in Section page that

section also shows howtochange a password Please remember your

new password

Avariety of sitesp ecic alterations must b e made to integrate the system with your network

environment and to tailor it to the user community These are describ ed in Chapter

Other Bo ot Op erations

Up to now in this section wehave assumed that only one terminal physically connected to the

console RS p ort was active this led to some ambiguities in referring to the commands typ ed

since all were typ ed at the same terminal

Throughout this do cument we attempt to distinguish console commands from others A console

command will b e recognized only when it is typ ed in resp onse to the prompt XKL or XKL on

the console or the auxiliary console

The console commands are do cumentedintheTOAD System ArchitectureReference Manual

in the app endix on TDBoot These commands are used to b o ot the system to dene various

op erational parameters mostly related to the hardware installed and to p erform diagnostics to

isolate a fault in a malfunctioning system Some console commands can b e issued while TOPS is

running To get the attention of the console command interpreter while the system is running typ e

CTRL on the console this should pro duce the prompt XKL Then issue a console command

Togive the console terminal back to TOPS typ e the console command

Ret XKLContinue

ABNORMAL CONDITIONS

For some console commands the TOPS system must b e stopp ed Such commands if attempted

at the XKL prompt will result in an error message in that case the running program TOPS

can b e stopp ed by the command

XKLHalt Ret

XKL

Once the program is stopp ed all console commands are p ossible

Caution

Console commands that are illegal while the system is running are likely to destroy

the state of the computer and make it imp ossible to continue the op eration that was

interrupted Where p ossible make sure that timesharing op erations have b een shut down

in an orderly way b efore giving anysuch command If timesharing op erations are active

the system can b e shut down by the pro cedure do cumented in Section page

Abnormal Conditions

This section can not b e an exhaustive treatmentofeverything that could go wrong This section

discusses some of the anomalies in system startup that might b e caused bymaintenance activties

Board Swapping

In some maintenance and diagnostic activities the system circuit b oards maybemoved to dierent

backplane slots The system is designed to op erate prop erly regardless of the p ermutation of its

circuit b oards However the b o otstrap program TDBoot will notice that the b oards havebeen

moved and it will not automatically b o ot the system

If you get a message from TDBoot announcing that it has detected a change in the conguration

of the b oards you must give the console command

Ret XKLdefine configuration

to refresh TDBoots understanding of which b oard is where Thereafter the system should b o ot

without unusual manual intervention

Backplane Swapping

The system is electronically identicatied bya ROM installed on the system backplane If the

backplane is changed without moving the ID ROM from the old backplane to the new one the system will not b o ot prop erly b ecause it cant nd the autob o ot disk

CHAPTER STARTING THE SYSTEM

In this case the b est thing to do is to change the ID ROM on the backplane

Otherwise b o ot the system bymanually sp ecifying the structure from which to b o ot As TOPS

starts it will b e unable to nd the right structure automatically so it will ask for a structure name

When TOPS is running use the CheckD program to redene the autob o ot system ID for your

b o ot structure see App endix C

Disk Structure Problems

See Section page

Chapter

System Administration

This chapter covers some of the most imp ortant asp ects of customizing TOPS to serveyour user

communityTopics covered include the conguration of TOPS for your network environment

the creation of login accounts for users and the creation of lestorage directories This chapter

also discusses security considerations in the network environment and the conguration of printers

on the network

Conguring TOPS

System Denitions

The logical name BS represents the name of the boot structure The b o ot structure serves two

dierent purp oses

The b o ot structure is automatically recognized by TDBoot as the structure from whichto

load the TOPS monitor

TOPS recognizes the b o ot structure also known as the system structure as the rst struc

ture to mount as the structure to swap on for which reason this structure is also known as

the swapping structure and as the structure from which to load programs and command les

for system initialization eg Setspd and SYSTEMCONFIGCMD

The b o ot structure is identied with two marks it must b e agged as an autob o ot structure and

it must contain a system ID that matches the current systems identication numb er Moreover to

b e recognized by TDBootitmust b e the only structure marked this way In order to b e recognized

by TOPS as the system structure the b o ot structure must also contain swapping space

The le directory BSSYSTEM contains manylesbywhich the system is congured and customized

Anumb er of les need to b e altered at each site to customize the op eration of TOPS These

alterations may b e done any time after the initial b o ot is completed Most of the changes take eect

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

the next time the system is reb o oted

These les are generally protected from b eing changed by unprivileged users Thus to eect the

changes describ ed b elow you must b e use a privileged user name eg Op erator and have the

privileges active via the Exec command

enable

Note that after you use the Enable command the Exec changes its prompt character from to

The dierent prompt helps to remind you that whatever privileges you havearenow active

The following are the les that deserve particular attention in customizing

BSSYSTEMCONFIGCMD

This le contains several kinds of commands that are carried out when the system starts

running Each command is systemwide in its application The sections of this le are

Systemwide logical name denitions these are almost identical to jobwide logical names

but are dened for everyone You will need to makespecicchanges to dene your sites

printing environment

Batch system and Scheduler settings whether or not to establish classes of jobs and the

fraction of the machines time to allot to each If no classes are dened whether or not

to let batch jobs comp ete with interactive ones Whether or not to bias the system to

favor one or the other of either computeb ound or interactivejobs

Disktap e subsystem declarations how tap e archiving works whether or not to have

TOPS pro cess the lab els of lab eled tap es what to do with unlab eled tap es and which

disk structures are shared if any

Enabling the use of a Login Structure the logical name PS represents the name of

the public structure the structure that contains le directories for individual users of

the system This structure is also known as the login structure since it contains the

users main directories and their passwords Often PS and BS are the same structure

However a customer may dene a login structure other than BS byusingCheckD to

mark a structure as the login structure and then enabling the use of the login structure

by a command in this le

Timezone and daylight time parameters

Miscellaneous settings password length what accounting is b eing done and a few others

App endix A contains a detailed listing of these commands and their parameters That ap

p endix describ es how to declare the system name and change the system defaults for system

devices accounting p erformance improvements scheduler controls le archiving and migra

tion as well as other system functions

Many of these les are provided as templates with mo dication dates years prior to their correct mo dication

date This is done so that these les will not replace more recentversions when loading from tap e Copies of these

les are also placed in BSSYSTEMTEMPLATES for reference

CONFIGURING TOPS

BSSYSTEMMONNAMTXT

This le contains one line of text that b egins the announcement text output to a terminal

when it rst connects to the system

Whenever a user typ es CTRLC b efore logging in when a user makes an initial connection

to TOPS or when a user gives the Exec command

Information Version Ret

the system prints a message similar to

Your Toad from XKL TOPS Monitor

where is the version and edit numb er of the op erating system You can change

the system name Your Toad from XKL byentering the name you wantforyour system

into the le BSSYSTEMMONNAMTXT

The text of the system name can contain up to characters For practical purp oses it

should not exceed characters to t on a single character line of terminal output

Be enabled b e connected to BSSYSTEM use the command

Copy TTY MONNAMTXT Ret

Then enter the system name and typ e CTRLZ to end the le

Use the Copy command to give the system a new system name After you enter the command

the system waits for you to typ e the new name of your system After you enter the new system

name typ e CTRLZ In the example the new system name is Installationtest System

COPY TTY MONNAMTXT Ret

TTY MONNAMTXT

Installationtest SystemZ

Note the characters Z are the echo of CTRLZ

You can change this le at any time but TOPS reads the system name only when the

monitor is started whenever you b o ot the system

BSSYSTEMTAPNAMTXT

This le contains the abbreviated system name that will b e written on the volume header lab el

of any lab eled tap e initialized by users of the system Presuming that you have congured

the system to pro cess tap e lab els The system name in a volume header lab el has just ten

character p ositions so you mayhave to abbreviate the system name to make it t in ten or

fewer characters

BSSYSTEMSYSTEMCMD

This le contains a sequence of Opr commands that take care of a variety of housekeeping

chores when TOPS b egins op eration Opr is the system op erators utility program its

commands are describ ed in App endix B

BSSYSTEMPRINTERCMD

One of the housekeeping chores that seems to need taking care of rep eatedly is the denition

and startup of print sp o oling Therefore we recommend moving these commands into a

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

separate le so that they can b e invoked at need without the overhead of a full startup via

the SYSTEMCMD le

BSSYSTEMLOGINCMD

This le contains commands that are executed on b ehalf of each job at the time it is logged

in These commands take eect b efore any commands in the users LOGINCMD or COMANDCMD

les describ ed in Section

BSSYSTEMCOMANDCMD

This le contains commands that are executed on b ehalf of each job at the time it is logged

in and whenever an Exec is created for an existing job These commands take eect b efore

any commands in the users COMANDCMD les describ ed in Section

BSSYSTEMBEWAREMESSAGETXT

This le contains a message that is presented to every user when an Exec is started on a

terminal for a new job You may omit this le altogether or place a message in it

BSSUBSYSLPFORMINI

This le contains forms control denitions for the Lptspl print sp o oler Lptspl is the sp o oler

that can send data to a printer that is attached to a serial p ort of a network terminal server

More information is presented in Section

BSSUBSYSLPFORMTXT

This le contains forms control denitions for the Tcpspl print sp o oler Tcpspl is the sp o oler

that can send data to a network host or network printer that supp orts the lp d proto col see

Section

Network Conguration

The les listed b elo w aect the software that op erates the network In addition to the actual

information that directs the system in its use of the network each of these les includes comments

that describ e its function in greater detail than is presented b elow Please read those comments as

you change the les

BSSYSTEMHOSTSTXT

This le contains the names and IP network addresses of computer systems known to this

machine The le is read at the time TOPS starts op erating so that IP addresses of systems

mentioned in this le are known immediately Among these might b e names of systems on

your lo cal net names of gateways and names of other service providers eg namelo okup

services Changes to this le can b e made eective immediately by using the command

Ret The rst character is CTRLE Eset internet hosttable

BSSYSTEMINTERNETADDRESS

This le contains commands that congure XNI p orts Each XNI p ort can b e assigned

an IP network addresses and b e told how it should exp ect to see data There should b e one

command line in the le for each active Ethernet p ort Lines b eginning with semicolons are

treated as comments The following lines are examples

CONFIGURING TOPS

nea ethernet logicalnetworkmask packetsize preferred

nea ethernet logicalnetworkmask packetsize preferred

nea ethernet logicalnetworkmask packetsize preferred

Changes may b e made to this le while the system is running They will automatically take

eect the next time the system is restarted or they can b e made eective immediately with

the command

Eset internet address Ret

BSSYSTEMINTERNETGATEWAYS

This le contains the address of at least one gateway to which the system mayforward trac

when it knows nothing ab out how to route it Generally all trac destined for networks not

directly connected to the XNI must b e forwarded through a network gatewayFor example

always

To notify TOPS of changes to this le use the command

Eset internet gateway Ret

DOMAINRESOLVCONFIG

This le controls the wayInternet host names are resolved into addresses As shipp ed from

XKL this le contains very few actual control lines and a considerable numb er of comments

indicating what lo cal editing should b e done Edits to this le must reect the way the Domain

Name System DNS is set up for the network to which the TOAD System is attached

The minimum initial changes that should b e made are to sp ecify a remote search path so

that DNS requests will b e formed correctly and to add any user names to the list of those

authorized to send resolver control messages Initially the logical name DOMAIN is dened

to b e BSDOMAIN

After editing DOMAINRESOLVCONFIGyou can make the resolver takethechanges by the

following commands

domainrsvctl Ret Start the Resolver Control program

Ret RSVCTLboot

Are you sure yes Ret

RSVCTLexit Ret

After all the necessary changes are made it is go o d practice to shut the system down and then reb o ot

it to make sure that the changes actually pro duce the intended eects when the system restarts

Section page describ es how to stop the system in an orderly manner Section page

describ es how to reb o ot the system

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

Users Directories and Accounts

A user is a p erson A p erson gains access to TOPS through the Exec programs Login command

In Login the user identies himself or herself by supplying a username and a password Once

loggedin a user has a job whichis connected to a directory A directory is a rep ository for les

A username is a name assigned to the user by the system administrator whichidenties the

login directory for the user A users login directory contains that p ersons mail le other les

unique to that p erson and information describing the p ersons access rights group memb ership

and privileges Initiallyfollowing the successful completion of the Login command the users job

is connected to his or her login directoryTo b e connected to a directory means that the user has

owner access to the les in the directory by default ie unless otherwise sp ecied les written

by the user will go into the connected directory A job is a collection of pro cesses that TOPS

runs on b ehalf of a user

An account is a numb er or string asso ciated with a job or a le Account strings numb ers provide

ner resolution in costaccounting when one p erson maybeworking on multiple tasks eachofwhich

may need separate time and resourceaccounting TOPS can b e told to check the validityof

an account string The sub ject of accounts is mentioned here primarily to note that as imprecise

human b eings wemay on o ccasion lapse into terminological inexactitude and refer to a username

or login directory as an account

Dening New Users

Once the system is op erational you will probably want to dene users so that system access maybe

shared A user needs at minimum a directory with the login attribute the default and a password

dened A directory whether for a user or for le storage only is created or mo died bythe Exec

command Build

enable Ret

build psroget Ret

work Ret

perm Ret

password thesaurus Ret

Ret

disable Ret

Often it is a go o d idea to provide generic LOGINCMD and COMANDCMD les for each user as a starting

p oint One common use for LOGINCMD les is to run a terminal query program that tries to decide

what kind of terminal the user is using for a session

This use of the Build command is privileged you must b e a privileged user wheel or op erator and haveyour privileges enabled

USERS DIRECTORIES AND ACCOUNTS

The commands in LOGINCMD are pro cessed only when a user logs in the commands in this le should

have jobwide application Commands in COMANDCMD are pro cessed at login after LOGINCMDand

any time a new Exec command interpreter program is started

In cases where a user should no longer b e allowed to use a directory to log in use the Build command

to add the frozen attribute to the directory The directory retains all its prop erties including the

ability to receive mail but the user is no longer allowed to log in

User Privileges

TOPS recognizes that certain system maintenance and adminstrative functions are inappropriate

for general users these functions are restricted to users whose directories show that they havebeen



granted the privilege or capabilityofoverriding these restrictions

The three principal privileges in TOPS are called Wheel Op erator and Maintenance

The system administrator grants a privilege to a user by issuing an appropriate sub command eg

Wheel while using the Build command to create or change the selected users directory

Wheel and Op erator are highly privileged states They dier slightly in that Op erator is a

bit more restrictive than Wheel but a user who has the Op erator privilege can build a directory

that has the Wheel privilege

The main use of Op erator is for system backup and tasks to serve the op erational requirements of

other users An Op erator can makeany access to any le Read access to every le is required

for back up other access is required for le restoration etc An Op erator can communicate to

the output sp o olers and batch system via the Opr program

The main use of Wheel is for system adminstration tasks of an unusual nature as mightbe

required of a trusted and skilled programmer

The Maintenance privilege allows such activities as accessing the disk without going through the

le system Maintenance is restricted to the tasks appropriate to testing and debugging system

comp onents A user who has only the Maintenance privilege can not byany usual means change

his or her own privileges or access les b eyond what is usually p ermitted

FINGER Data Base

y of the user to the Finger Once a new username is created it is a go o d idea to declare the identit

programs data base this is done with the Dbedit program whichmaintains a data base matching

p ersonal identities to usernames This data base is used bythe Finger program which elds

queries ab out who is logged onto a system

Mail Aliases

Dep ending on the email system b eing used one or more entries must b e made in mailforwarding

les to make the linkage b etween the names under which mail is received and the directory or



As a further safeguard a users privileges are not eective unless they have beenturnedonbytheExecs Enable command

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

directories to which it should b e delivered The details of how to do this are covered in the

do cumentation on the particular mailer b eing used

Dening Directories

As noted in the previous section a directory is a rep ository for les In many installations shared

data is stored in les that do not b elong to any individual user Suchlesmay b e stored in lesonly

directories To create this kind of directory use the same Build pro cess as b efore but assign the

lesonly attribute

enable Ret

build pstrashbin Ret

work Ret

perm Ret

filesonly Ret

Ret

disable Ret

This will pro duce a directory that is accessible to anynumb er of users provided they haveproper

access privileges Access privileges are covered in detail in Section

Console Terminal Op eration

As noted in Section provisions have b een made for b oth a console terminal p ort and an auxiliary

terminal p ort The intended distinction b etween these is that the console p ort is always active while

the auxiliary p ort may b e turned on or o When the auxiliary p ort is turned on it is eectively in

parallel with the console any output to the console p ort is also delivered to the auxiliary p ort and

any input from the auxiliary p ort is treated as though it had come from the console

Both the XKL micro co de and the TOPS op erating system software rely on the console p ort

as the denitive place to print notice messages some error conditions make it imp ossible to record

error information anywhere else For this reason a printer or printing terminal with an RS

interface may b e attached to the console terminal to preserve a log of events leading up to sucha

serious system fault

Activation of the auxiliary console p ort is controlled bytwo console commands

XKLSet auxiliaryport f off j on g Ret

XKLDefine auxiliaryport f off j on g Ret

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

The auxiliary p ort may b e turned on only through the console p ort it may b e turned o from either

p ort

Both the Define and Set commands apply immediately they dier in that the state established by

the Define command p ersists and is reestablished after a p ower shutdown Thus in installations

where the auxiliary p ort is to b e active at all times the console command

XKLDefine auxiliaryport on Ret

should b e given This command alters the nonvolatile conguration memory so that after p ower

is turned o and back on the auxiliary p ort will b e turned on Contrariwise security considerations

may dictate dening the p ort to b e o except when it is set to b e on

This p ort may b e connected to a mo dem to p ermit remote diagnosis of system problems If this is

done the auxiliary p ort should b e turned on only when it is needed While the auxiliary p ort is

active the RS signals RTS and DTR are asserted RTS lets the mo dem know that data may

b e transmitted at any time when DTR drops b ecause the p ort was deactivated the mo dem will

disconnect the phone call

Security Considerations

This section deals in general terms with techniques for reducing the ability of unauthorized p ersons

to gain access to your system

Encrypted Passwords

Each disk structure sp ecies whether passwords for the directories are to b e stored in plaintext or are

to b e encrypted To reduce the risk of a breakin passwords on all structures should b e encrypted

While this do es not guarantee password security it eliminates an obvious threat Disk structures

that are preloaded by XKL are dened with password encryption on To sp ecify that passwords b e

encrypted on a disk structure run the CheckD program

Ret enable

Checkd Ret

TOAD CheckDdefine PS passwordencryption Ret

TOAD CheckDexit Ret

disable Ret

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

Security Pro cedures

Other ways to reduce the threat of unauthorized access to the system and to data on it are

Change the password for Op erator This username dened on all TOPS systems is a

wellknown p oint of attack The default password for this directory is likewise wellknown

thus anyone might attempt a Telnet connection to a TOAD System and log in Since

the username Op erator generally has wide access privileges to les on disks the risk of data

theft or damage is high unless this password is changed b efore the system is attached to a

network and kept secret thereafter

Tochange the password for Op erator log in and p erform the following commands

set directory password operator Ret

Old password xkltoad Ret Your old passwordwillnotecho

password Ret The new password wil l not echo New Password new

Retype new password new password Ret

Because the passwords that you typ e will not showonyour terminal this command requires

that you typ e the new password twice to conrm that you typ ed it the same way b oth times

Please remember your new password

Control physical access to the machine its console and the auxiliary console From the console

and from the auxiliary console it is easy to break into the system A p erson at the console

can start kernel DDT without rst logging in Therefore when it is not in use disable the

auxiliary console with the console command

XKLDefine auxiliaryconsole Off Ret

esp ecially if this p ort is connected to an RS line that is accessible from outside the machine

ro om

Force users to change their passwords frequentlyAvoid short easily guessed passwords See

Section A page for means bywhich these ideas can b e implemented

Consider installing network access controls and connecting the system to the network on the

protected side of the access barrier This reduces the probability that an unauthorized p erson

will b e able to break into the system from a remote computer anywhere in the world even if

the passwords for a directory are known This is discussed further in the following section

More Extreme Measures

For those who worry professionally ab out information leakage it should b e noted that there are a

numb er of related ways that a determined attacker can learn things ab out a system in op eration

Once a successful Telnet connection has b een made to a TOAD System several commands are

p ermitted in addition to Login among these are Finger Systat Help and InformationAnyof

NETWORK PRINTERS

these commands can leak information ab out loggedin usernames or system data to an unauthorized



p erson

If this level of leakage is unacceptable the next defense is to p ermit only authorized incoming

Telnet connections and deny all others Volumes have b een written on ways to set up networks

with moreorless secure access the most convenientwe know ab out is a security island architecture

a subnet isolated by routers to which a small numb er of unsecured machines are attached as in

Figure

These machines havetwo purp oses to authenticate users and to serve as a visible front for the

hidden parts of the network Commonlymaildelivery services and Domain Name Service DNS

are handled through these machines In addition a numb er of selfmonitoring pro cesses mayrun

on these machines to aid in detecting and tracking breakin attempts

The routers b etween the network segments are then charged with enforcing a connection p olicy

Incoming TCP connection requests are allowed only in two circumstances rst from the public

side of the island to these authentication machines second from the authentication machines to the

secure parts of the network Established connections are allowed to pass through the routers so

that TCP connections originating within the protected domain are not sub ject to authentication on

the security island

A lowerp erformance variant of this architecture is called a rewal l The most common imple

ween the public and private segments of the mentation of that scheme places a single machine b et

network a third networkportontherewall machine serves the island net Software in the rewall

machine then implements essentially the same p olicy outlined ab ove Such systems also oer some

added network addressing exibility whichmaybeinteresting to some installations

Network Printers

Since the TOAD System was designed as a networked computer all printing is via network printer

sp o oling There are two basic ways that TOPS do es network print sp o oling Both are managed

by the standard output queue management but use dierent sp o olers

The rst metho d uses the Lptspl sp o oler logical names of the form LAZPTn and the forms control

le SYSLPFORMINI to send printer data directly to a networked printer In this case all the printer

sp o oling is handled lo cally and any sp ecial formatting instructions required by the printer suchas

PostScript must already b e present in the le that you queue to the lo cal TOPS printer queue

The second metho d uses the Tcpspl sp o oler logical names of the form PLPTn and the remote



queuename control le SYSLPFORMTXT to forward a print jobtoaprinter queue on another system

which supp orts the lp d proto col that was originally dened for UNIX In this case the remote system

handles printer control it may prepro cess the data in prescrib ed ways b efore printing This scheme

should b e considered carefully b efore implementation b ecause it transfers some of the burden to

another machine



You may rebuild your systems Exec to disallow those commands b efore log in



This discussion also applies to those printers that can b e attached directly to the network and which supp ort the

lp d proto col

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

Public Net

L L

L L

Island Net

Auth Auth

L L

L L

Private Net

Hosta Hostb Hostc Hostd

Figure Network Security Island

NETWORK PRINTERS

Printing on a Printer Attached to a Terminal Server

Toprint on a printer attached to a terminal server you need to havea copy of the Lptspl sp o oler

running for each lo cal printer queue that accesses it This usually is achieved by running enough

copies of Lptspl under one job controlled by Sysjob

Dene a systemwide logical name LAZPTn with the value TCPrhostrport where n is the lo cal

printer queue numb er also known as the printer unit numb er rhost is the remote host to connect

to and rport is the remote p ort for access to the desired printer Actually the logical name can b e

anything you like but it must b e six or fewer characters to b e acceptable to the queue management

system The denition of this systemwide logical name is usually achieved by adding a line similar

to the following in the le SYSTEMCONFIGCMD

Define LAZPT TCPKENT

This would direct les queued to lo cal printer unit to b e printed on the printer attached to p ort

on host kent

To start printer sp o oling for eachqueueyou must issue Opr commands similar to the following

OPRSET PRINTER FORMS POST Ret

OPRSET PRINTER PAGELIMITS Ret

OPRSTART PRINTER DEVICELAZPT Ret

The rst command sets the formsname asso ciated with unit This formsnamemust also app ear

in the le SYSLPFORMINI see b elow

The second command allows any length job up to pages to b e printed by one request on unit

Such a large numb er is required for a queue that handles PostScript b ecause the sp o oler tries to

count formfeeds in the text as a way of estimating the numb er of pages this count is unrelated to

the numb er of output pages for a page description language

The third command starts the printer queue for Unit and asso ciates it with a network printer

LAZPT It is necessary to use a systemwide logical name for this asso ciation b ecause the command

will not accept the le sp ecication used to indicate the remote host and p ort

There mustbeanentry in the le SYSLPFORMINI for each formsname used for a network printer

For example the POST form mentioned in the Opr command assigning the forms to a printer

mighthaveanentry like this

POSTHEADERBANNERTRAILERLINESWIDTHEOJSYNC

The HEADERBANNERTRAILER switches prevent Lptspl from inserting text into a PostScript

stream The LINES prevents Lptspl from inserting extraneous formfeeds in the data stream

The WIDTH prevents Lptspl from breaking lines excessivelyTheEOJ sends the v alue

the ASCI I character CTRLDwhichisinterpreted as signalling the end of le bymanyPostScript

printers at the end of a job The SYNC sends the CTRLD character b etween jobs Sending

CHAPTER SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

CTRLD b oth times ensures that the printer knows that a new job is starting even if the preceding

one terminated abnormally or came from some other system that did not observe these niceties

Printing to a Remote Printer Queue or a Networked Printer



To print to a remote printer queue or to print to a printer directly attached to the network you

need to have a copy of the Tcpspl sp o oler running for each lo cal printer queue that accesses it

This is usually achieved by running enough copies of Tcpspl under one sub job controlled by Sysjob

usually the same job that runs copies of Lptspl

Dene a systemwide logical name of the form PLPTn with the value TCPrhost where n is the

lo cal printer queue numb er also known as the printer unit number and rhost is the remote host

handling printer access The logical name must b e of the form given as Tcpspl lo oks for the logical

name by app ending the unit numb er to the string PLPTThe Tcpspl sp o oler automatically connects

to the remote host at p ort this is the p ort assigned for remote requests to lp d on UNIX systems

The denition of this systemwide logical name is usually accomplished by adding a line similar to

the following to the le SYSTEMCONFIGCMD

DEFINE PLPT TCPfife

This command directs the Tcpspl for unit to connect to host fe for remote print queueing

To start printer sp o oling for each queue issue Opr commands similar to the following

OPRSET PRINTER FORMS POST Ret

OPRSET PRINTER PAGELIMITS Ret

OPRSTART PRINTER Ret

These commands have exactly the same explanation as for the Lptspl case ab ove except that

the device PLPT is implied The queuename control le SYSLPFORMTXT used by Tcpsplis

dierent Each of its entries asso ciates a formname with a remote print queue

POSTLPTNAMEps

POST identies the form typ e for print jobs in this queue LPT identies this entry as b eing for

lo cal printer unit the leading zero es are required to make the name six characters For largely

historical reasons LPT implies that data will go to PLPT The target queue name for the print

le on the remote host is identied by NAMEps These queue names are usually in etcprintcap

on UNIX systems



This description presumes that a printer that is directly attached to the network accepts the lp d proto col

Chapter

System Op eration

This chapter describ es some of the tasks that are required o ccasionally shutting down timesharing

reb o oting reb o oting for standalone op eration le system tasks creating a le structure creating

directories backing up a le structure checking le system consistency rebuilding a le system from

aback up tap e and formatting a disk Further tap e back up p olicies are describ ed as are a set of

p erio dic tasks

Shutting Down the System

The TOPS op erating system generally has many activities under wayatanymoment However

some activities may require the entire systems resources A p erio d in which access to the system is

limited is called standalone time

To terminate general system activities cleanly and to warn users of an imp ending shutdown use the

Exec privileged command

and time j time from now g Ret Ecease fnow j date

As the designated time approaches users are warned of the shutdown by messages on their screens

When the shutdown time arrives all jobs except for job and the job logged in on the console

terminal are logged out After the message Ready for shutdown app ears on the console terminal

the system is in standalone mo de where only Job system services and the job on the console

terminal are active To stop the system entirely for example b efore reb o oting to resume normal

timesharing use the character CTRL to summon the console prompt XKL Then give the

console command

XKLShutdown Ret

After a few moments the message Halted should app ear followed by the console prompt XKL

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

Bo oting the System

The usual b o ot pro cess is accomplished bytyping the console command

XKLBoot Ret

The Boot command loads an executable le into memory and starts the program By default

ie in the absence of parameters the Boot command loads the le SYSTEMMONITREXE from the

autoboot structure

The default le name ie the le name that Boot uses when none is sp ecied in the command can

be changed The console command

XKLdefine boot le name Ret

changes any part of the default le name or switches see b elow This change is p ermanent it has

eect on every subsequent Boot command untilitischanged by another Define Boot command

The Boot command also accepts a lename as a parameter this parameter is eective just once

in the command where it app ears This might b e useful when exp erimenting with a new version of

the monitor or when running a standalone diagnostic program

Care for MONITREXE

The le BSSYSTEMMONITREXE exists in the ordinary le system it is a valid EXE

le However it has b een sp ecially contrived to run prop erly when loaded by TDBoots

Boot command

This le can b e copied and it will remain b o otable It can b e patched via FilDDT File

DDT and still b e b o otable However one patching technique whichworked in the

DEC versions of TOPS will fail when p erformed on the TOAD System do not

copy MONITREXE by the sequence of Exec commands Get and SaveTheExecs Save

command will write a le that will not run prop erly when it is b o oted

Reb o oting the System for StandAlone Op eration

Although TOPS is a multiuser system on some o ccasions the system is wanted for standalone

op eration in which all or most of the system facilities are present but from which general users are

excluded

To b o ot TOPS for standalone op eration presuming it is already shut down you must start

for Kernel DDT This is accomplished by the system in its debugger programer called KDDT

the start option in the console Boot command When KDDT is running op en the memory

lo cation called DBUGSWchange the value stored therein to and close the lo cation Then start

the system at lo cation rep orted as the entry vector lo cation bythe Boot command Your

console session should resemble the following

FILE SYSTEM

XKLboot start Ret

Using default string

Structure PS

Directory ROOTDIRECTORY

Directory SYSTEM

File PSSYSTEMMONITREXE

Loading

File entry vector is at length is

PDVA at

Filled through LPN

Starting at

KDDT

DBUGSW Ret Type DBUGSW slash and press Return

Esc g The Esc wil l echo as

PS mounted

This pro cedure sets the debugging ag to and starts TOPS The debugging ag called

DBUGSW has several purp oses For standalone op eration when DBUGSW has the value

or greater the Sysjob program reads the le SYSTEMSYSJOBDEBUG instead of the usual

SYSTEMSYSJOBRUN le If the DEBUG le omits the line

Eset login any

then general login will not be allowed jobs can b e created only on the console and pseudo terminals

The DEBUG le maycontain as much or as little of the normal system utilities as you nd appropriate

to your standalone environment

File System

This section describ es some of the tasks asso ciated with the le system

Creating Disk Structures

A disk structure is a named collection of similar disks that together contain a le system A le

system is an organization of disks into a collection of named directories that contain named les

A structure can b e one disk or several TOPS supp orts structures up to a present limit of

ab out Gigabytes If there are multiple disks in a structure they all must b e compatible as to

capacity and geometry generally this condition is satised if the disks are all the same makeand mo del

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

Arguing for multiple small structures is the notion that each is indep endent each can b e backed up

indep endently and the failure of one do es not mean the loss of data on the others In favor of large

structures is the idea that one structure is easier to allo cate and to manage than several

A new disk structure is created using the CheckD program If your disks isare not yet format

ted see Section This program knows how to lab el one or more formatted disks so that

directories can b e constructed by TOPS A sample session to create a singleunit nonlogin

structure follows

Enable Ret

Checkd Ret

TOAD CheckDcreate FROG Ret

Enter alias FROG Ret

How many units in this structure Ret

DECIMAL Channel Controller and Unit numbers for logical unit Ret

Number of pages to allocate for swapping Ret

Owner name Operator Ret

TOAD CheckDmount FROG Ret

Structure FROG mounted

Ret TOAD CheckDdefine FROG passwordencryption

TOAD CheckDdismount FROG Ret

Structure FROG dismounted

TOAD CheckDexit Ret

disable Ret

Channel Controller and Unit numbers

The only question in this dialogue that requires advance preparation is the one ab out the channel

controller and unit numb ers The TOPS channel number is related to the SCSI bus to whicha

device is attached Channels to are buses to resp ectively on the rst XRH channels to

are buses to resp ectively on the second XRH etc By the rst XRH we mean the XRH

whose backplane slot has the lowest numb er the second XRH is in a slot with a numb er higher

than the rst but lower than any other XRH The controller is for all supp orted SCSI devices

The unit numb er is the SCSI TargetIDofthedeviceonwhich the structure is b eing created

If you typ e in resp onse to this question you will get a list of the devices available this list

includes all three numb ers Better yet use the Show command in CheckD b efore starting Create

This CheckD pro cess creates a skeleton disk structure with a few directories and housekeeping

les on it A more complete description of the CheckD program commands is in App endix C

FILE SYSTEM

Creating Directories

As mentioned in Section the Exec command Build is used to create or change a directory

For directories that are to b e used only for data storage not used as login accounts the attribute

lesonly should b e set during the Build op eration

File and Directory Protection

Every le and directory has a protection numb er that tells exactly who can do what to that le or

directoryTheinterpretation of this numb er is dierent for a directory than for a le The number

consists of six digits divided into three pairs the rst pair says what access to granttheowner the

second pair says what access to grant to users of the directorys groups and the third pair says what

access to grantanyone else

To b e recognized as the owner you need to connect to or access a directory there is no registered

owner The Exec commands Connect and Access are used to establish ownership access with

resp ect to les in a directory

To b e considered a group member your login directory must contain a user group number that

matches one of the directory group numb ers recorded in the directory b eing accessed

If a user has not established owner access or group access to a directory that user is considered

other for the purp ose of determining access to les

File and Directory protection co de numb ers sp ecify the typ es of access granted to Owner

Group and Others The protection co de numb er has six o ctal digits The left pair of dig

its sp ecify the owners access p ermissions the middle pair of digits sp ecify group memb ers access

p ermissions the right pair of digits sp ecies others access p ermissions

The table b elowshows the kind of access each co de allows the numb ers are o ctal To sp ecify a

combination of allowed access privileges OR the values for each eld into a twodigit protection

numb er for each class of access Create a sixdigit protection numb er from three groups of twodigit

numb ers one pair of digits for eachofowner group and other access

Value File access Directory access

No access to the le No access to the directory

Show lename in directory list Reserved

App end to the le Create les in the directory

Execute the le Connect without a password

Write and delete the le Reserved

Read the le File protections sp ecify access

Full access to the le Full access to the directory

For example le protection of means only the owner can change the le anyone in the

directory group can read it or execute it and access is denied to others

In addition to establishing ownership access the Connect command sets the default directory for le access to b e

the connected directory

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

To display the protections of your les use the Vdirectory verb ose directory command or the

Directory command with the Protection sub command

Tochange the protection of a particular le use the command

Set file protection le name protection value Ret

To set the protection a le will get when it is created in a selected directory use the command

name protection value Ret Set directory fileprotectiondefault directory

Each sub directory is a le in a sup erior directory and has a le protection word The only meaningful

value is which controls whether or not the sub directory is to b e included in a listing of les in

the sup erior directory Otherwise op erations involving a directory are controlled bythe directory

protection This directory protection number is interpreted according to the right column in the

table ab ove Tochange a directorys protection use the command

name protection value Ret Set directory protection directory

Particular mention should b e made of the co de for directory protection It should b e included for

most directories in b oth the Owner and Group elds it is embarrassing to b e asked for a password

when connecting to one of your own directories and irritating to b e asked for a password when

connecting to a directory in a group of whichyou are already a memb er

Managing Directory Access

A further disussion of group access is needed In TOPS a group is dened by a group number

in b oth the directory to b e accessed the directorygroup list and in the login directory of the user

who is p ermitted the access the userofgroups list When a job attempts an access to a target

directory a match is required b etween an entry in the login directorys userofgroups list and one

of the target directorys directorygroup list

It is p ossible to arrange directory access using these builtin facilities for systems with many direc

tories this approach is quite tedious The Groupe program assists in managing group denitions

by rememb ering a name corresp onding to each group numb er and allowing the system administrator

to add or remove user directories and le directories from named groups This is still tedious but

less so

If a change in group memb ership is made to a users logindirectory it will not normally take eect

until the next login Tomake a new group available immediately to a loggedin job the user must

enter the command

access login directory Ret

Groupe pronounced grup e is a contributedprogram ie a program supplied byusersSuch programs are

supplied asis they are not supp orted by XKL

FILE SYSTEM

Figure MIC File for System BackUp

rewind mta

set tape format highdensity

copy bssystemmonitrexe mta Do not use Savesee Section

page

copy systemexecexe mta

copy sysdluserexe mta

dluser

structure ps

dump psdluserdat

exit

copy psdluserdat mta

copy sysdumperexe mta

set tape format coredump

dumper

tape mta

ssname PS Back Up

save ps ps

rewind

exit

kmic

File System BackUp

Since the TOAD System is a multiuser system it is strongly recommended that the data b e backed

up onto tap e regularly There are a variety of motivations for this

Users exp ect to have their data available and do not always appreciate that things break Back

up tap es make it p ossible to recover data if a disk drive malfunctions

Users o ccasionally delete data that they really need then they want someone to get it back

for them Back up tap es can supply the data

Managers exp ect disaster recovery plans to b e in place A sensible plan of back up and osite

storage will p ermit recovery from fairly large disasters in a short p erio d of time

Dumper and Dluser are a pair of programs that save and restore data and directories Dluser

saves or restores directory information Dumper saves or restores les These programs are used to

create archival tap es and to create crash recovery tap es We nd it useful to havea MIC le with

commands that pro duce the tap e Suchaleisshown in Figure

This command le builds a tap e with les ordered as they would b e needed to restart and rebuild a

system without dep ending on anything that was stored on disk rst the monitor second the Exec

command interpreter third the Dluser program which can create directories fourth the data le

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

for Dluser whichcontains the directory structure information fth the Dumper program which

can restore data into those directories sixth and last Dumpers saveset whichcontains the data

The pro cedure outlined ab ove is most appropriate for the b o ot structure Other structures can b e

backed up using the same pro cedure or for structures other than the b o ot structure the copies of

the EXE les can b e omitted although the data le for Dluser must b e provided somewhere

Perio dic Tasks

When TOPS stops abnormallyitmayleave lost pageson the disk These are disk pages

that have b een assigned to incompletelycreated les An incompletelycreated le has not b een

connected to its data pages The CheckD program should b e run p erio dically to reclaim the lost

pages making them available for le storage

The function that lo cates lost pages is summoned bythe CheckD command Check Bittable This



pro cess writes a le containing the page numb ers of the lost pages The lost pages can b e returned

to the le system bythe CheckD function invoked by the Release command

CheckD requires private access to the structure on which it is p erfoming the Check Bittable func

tion This means that CheckD can run on the b o ot structure or on the login structure only when

the system is standalone For the b o ot structure you have the opp ortunitytorun CheckD when

ever the system is reb o oted manually answering the question Run CheckD in the armative

will cause CheckD to check the b o ot structure

Note

If CheckD encounters a problem while checking the b o ot structure the system will not

come up for timesharing Instead TOPS will announce that there is a problem and

it will allow login only on the console terminal If this should happ en consider doing

afullbackupofyour b o ot structure Some problems that CheckD stumbles on are

b enign but others are quite severe It may b e p ossible that the system can b e reb o oted

to regular timesharing if CheckD is not run but at least think ab out doing a full back

up b efore you reb o ot

Further information ab out CheckD is in App endix C

Rebuilding the Bo ot Structure from Tap e

When the b o ot structure is damaged b eyond repair the pro cedure describ ed here can b e followed to

rebuild it Rebuilding is an activity that you should try to avoid it takes a long time and it restores

only the data as of the most recent back up tap e Newer data may b e on the disk and some eort

maybeworthwhile to recover it b efore b eginning the rebuild sequence

First consider howtoavoid rebuilding the b o ot structure



The Check Bittable function is more fully describ ed in App endix C

FILE SYSTEM

Do es the structure have good home blocks The console command

XKLShow homeblocks Ret

will display the structure name if the home blo cks are go o d If the home blo cks are bad you

probably need to rebuild the entire structure

If the structure has go o d home blo cks can you b o ot ie load an op erating system from the

structure If you can then the ROOTDIRECTORY and SYSTEM directories are intact If

you cant b o ot from the disk b o ot TOPS from a back up tap e Other directories maybe

intact and you may b e able to save data in their les

If TOPS can run you should try something less drastic than rebuilding see the do cumen

tation for the CheckD program in App endix C

If TOPS mounts the structure but has other structurerelated complaints you might try

reconstructing the ROOTDIRECTORY the index table the bit table etc These pro cedures are

dangerous if not done correctlytheycandestroy data therefore undertake these activities

with extreme caution These options are describ ed as Less Drastic Measures in the next

section

If you have a second structure that has swap space on it the second structure could b e

mounted as the b o ot structure Then programs suchasCheckD Filddt etc if presenton

your second structure could b e used to examine and p erhaps repair the failing structure You

may need to b o ot from tap e or b o ot from the copyofMONITREXE that you have thoughtfully

provided on your second structure

If all of the ab ove fail rebuild the structure

Less Drastic Measures

This section describ es measures short of rebuilding the entire structure from a back up tap e Please

read the next section Rebuilding from Tap e b efore attempting any of the following

Bo ot the TOPS from tap e or from an alternate structure using the start switch in the

Boot command TOPS will start partially initialize itself and enter a dialogue with you

XKLrewind mta Ret

XKLboot mtastart Ret

Using tape MTA at

Loading

File entry vector is at length is

PDVA at

Filled through LPN

Starting at

For additional information type to any of the following questions

Do you want to replace the file system on the system structure no Ret

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

By answering no to this question you avoid the path that wip es out the entire structure which

is the path to take when rebuilding from tap e Instead the system will ask ab out other tasks it

could p erform relating to the system structure ie the b o ot structure

After mounting the system structure TOPS will continue the dialogue by asking

Reconstruct ROOTDIRECTORY

and

Rebuild Bit Table

Either question accepts a yes or no resp onse

Reconstructing the ro ot directory is accomplished by deleting the old ro ot directory le and copying

the back up ro ot le to replace the old one This should b e done if you b elieve that the old ro ot

directory has b ecome corrupted ie if you b elieve that some directories exist that cant b e found

any more

The bit table should b e rebuilt if the system tells you that bit table counts are bad or if you see

messages that suggest inconsistencies in the bit table eg deleting a disk page already marked as

free The bit table is rebuilt in two steps rst TOPS obliterates the old bit table then it runs

CheckD to create a new one

If neither option is selected the TOPS will not takeany sp ecial action regarding the system

structure it will continue as a normal startup

Reinitializing the TOPS File System from Tap e

To reinitialize the TOPS le system you must dene the name of the system structure the b o ot

structure and the numb er and lo cation of each disk drive that is part of the system structure

By following this pro cedure you will erase the p ointers to any information already stored on the

target disk units You will reinitialize the TOPS le system by creating

New home blo cks whichcontain p ointers to the b eginning of the le system



The directory ROOTDIRECTORY whichcontains p ointers to all the directories in the system

The initial directories

ACCOUNTS

NEWSUBSYS

NEWSYSTEM

OPERATOR

SPOOL

SUBSYS



Prop erly sp eaking ROOTDIRECTORY contains p ointers to the toplevel directories those directories mayhave

p ointers to subdirectories

FILE SYSTEM

SYSTEMand

SYSTEMERROR

The system swapping space the area allo cated for the movement by the monitor of pages

between memory and disk

Note

See the TOPS System Managers Guide for a detailed explanation of all the ab ove

Later you will reload data into the newlyinitialized system from tap e

If you decide to rebuild a structure you need two things a crashrecovery tap e and the details

of where the target disk is attached The target disk information is obtained by using the console

command

Ret XKLshow configuration massstorage

You can also get this information bytyping at the p oint in the dialogue where it is asked for

but if there are multiple disk structures the output from the Show Configuration command may

b e more useful

A crashrecovery tap e must contain the following les in order

MONITREXE the executable image of the TOPS op erating system

EXECEXE the executable image of the TOPS command pro cessor

DLUSEREXE the executable image of the directory dump and restore program

A le of text data from which the Dluser program can reconstruct directories

DUMPEREXE the executable image of the le dump and restore program

A Dumper saveset that contains the data that you will restore to the rebuilt disk



Insert the tap e in the tap e drive In this example we assume that your tap e is in the driveidentied

as MTA if your tap e is in some other drive you will have to use the appropriate name wherever

MTA app ears in this example Use the console command

XKLboot mtastart Ret

to load the op erating system le into memory and to start it at the rst alternate in the entry vector

The monitor will partially initialize itself and then b egin a dialogue with you



See the Op erational Note at the end of Section A page the names bywhich TDBoot identies the tap e

units may dier from those you are accustomed to

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

XKLrewind mta Ret

XKLboot mtastart Ret

Using tape MTA at

Loading

File entry vector is at length is

PDVA at

Filled through LPN

Starting at

For additional information type to any of the following questions

Do you want to replace the file system on the system structure

Ret To create the system structure typ e YES and

Note

If you make a mistakeatany time during this pro cedure typ e CTRL to get to the

XKL prompt Then typ e the console command

Ret XKLHalt

Then you may restart this pro cedure

Do you want to replace the file system on the system structure yes Ret

Do you want to define the system structure

To make TOPS write new home blo cks describing the system structure resp ond Yes and press

Ret

Ret Do you want to define the system structure yes

How many disk units are in this structure

Count the numberofdiskunitsyou plan to haveinyour system structure Typ e the answer and

Ret This example uses

Ret How many disk units are in this structure

On which CHANNELCONTROLLERUNIT is logical unit number mounted

FILE SYSTEM

If you collected data previously via the console command

XKLShow Configuration Mass Ret

you will have to translate slot and bus to a TOPS channel numb er this is explained in

Section page

Even if you know the answer please typ e to let TOPS showyou what disks it knows ab out

On which CHANNELCONTROLLERUNIT is logical unit number mounted

Enter a triple of numbers separated by commas that specify the channel

controller and unit upon which the appropriate disk is mounted The

following is a list of valid channel controller and unit numbers

Type SEAGATE STW

On which CHANNELCONTROLLERUNIT is logical unit number mounted

Notes

The example shows channel and unit numb ers for a sp ecic conguration The numb ers

for your system will probably b e dierent as they are generated byyour own system

conguration

The controller number is always for all system structures

If a drivethatyou want to use is not listed the drivemay not b e cabled correctlyor

it may not be powered on Ab ort this pro cedure bytyping CTRL followed bythe

console command

Ret XKLHalt

Correct the problems and start over

Typ e the channel numb er the controller numb er and the unit numb er of the desired drive followed

Ret You must answer this question once for each disk unit in the structure by

The controller numb er of all drives is

On which CHANNELCONTROLLERUNIT is logical unit number mounted Ret

Do you want the default swapping space

Error If your answer is invalid the system prints one of several messages and rep eats the question

You can simply rep eat the currentstep

If your answer is valid but is not the one you wanted ab ort this pro cedure

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

The default swapping space is pages This reects the growth of programs due to extended

addressing and the use of highlevel languages the expanded memory capacity of the system and

the desire for more simultaneous users It can b e reduced cautiously It can b e expanded to ab out

We recommend that you take the default Note the actual numb er of pages allo cated

to swapping will b e slightly larger than the requested amount as the swapping space is rounded

upwards to an integral numb er of cylinders on the structure

Resp ond Yes and typ e Ret

Do you want the default swapping space yes Ret

Do you want to enable password encryption for the system structure

Error If you typ e No and then typ e an invalid numb er TOPS prints

Invalid number of swapping pages for this type of disk

Then it returns to ask if you will accept the default swap space

If you typeanumberthatisvalid but which is not the one you wanted typ e CTRL

halt the pro cessor and start over

Ret We strongly If you want user passwords to b e encrypted on the disk typ e Yes and

recommend that you encrypt passwords

Do you want to enable password encryption for the system structure yes Ret

What is the name of this structure

Note

Before answering with a structure name see the TOPS System Managers Guide for

information on naming structures

TOPS recognizes any sixcharacter alphanumeric name as a valid structure name Some pro

grams mayhave diculty if the rst character is numeric Typ e the name of the structure and Ret

The system prints a message to indicate that the structure is successfully dened and mounted The

following examples use PS as the structure name

What is the name of this structure PS Ret

Structure PS successfully defined PS mounted

FILE SYSTEM

At this p oint the new structure has b een dened initialized and mounted TOPS is running

but there are no les on the disk

If the disk unit is freshly formatted TOPS will complain that there are no BAT blo cks If this

happ ens resp ond Yes and Ret

PS unit has no BAT blocks

Ret Do you want to write a set of prototype BAT blocks yes

Error If certain error conditions o ccur while TOPS is mounting the structure a drive is write

protected for example the system prints an error message followed by

Have the problems mentioned above been corrected yet

When the problem has b een corrected typ e Y and Ret

Loading Internet host names

No SETSPD

TOAD System TOPS Monitor built Fri September AM

Enter current date and time

The message NO SETSPD means that the system cannot run the Setspd program This is

exp ected b ecause you have not yet loaded the Setspd program into the le system This message

can b e printed at any time b efore the system requests the date and time

Enter the current date and time in the form mmddyy hhmm and typ e Ret The system will

Ret rep eat the date backtoyou and it will request conrmation typ e Y and

No SETSPD

TOAD System TOPS Monitor built Fri September AM

Enter current date and time Ret

You have entered Friday October PM

is this correct YN y Ret

Why reload

Before you get a chance to answer the question Why Reload the system will print some p entup

errors Again these relate to les that are absent b ecause the disk has b een scrubb ed clean

When the system is done ranting answer Why reload with New and other verbiage then typ e

Ret

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

Why reload

Oct BUGINF NOADDR Failed to find SYSTEMINTERNETADDRESS file

Job User OPERATOR

Oct BUGINF NOHSTN Failed to find host names SYSTEMHOSTSTXT

Job User OPERATOR

New Build new structure Ret

Problem with SYSTEMACCOUNTSTABLEBIN

Cannot find error message file Account validation is disabled

Oct DDMP Started

No SYSJOB

Note that New Build new structure answers the question Why reload that app ears several

lines b efore the resp onse

The system prints the message Accountvalidation is disabled the Actgen program did not run

b ecause it is not on disk TOPS runs the Ddmp pro cess Then it prints No SYSJOB b ecause

Sysjob is not on disk Ignore these messages

After the message No SYSJOB app ears typ e CTRLC Normallythiswould start the Exec the

TOPS command pro cessor but the Exec isnt on the disk Instead you will get the MiniExec

Each command in the MiniExec MX is a single letter MX will nish typing the command

name as so on as you typ e the rst letter If you maketyping errors while in MXtyp e CTRLU to

erase the current line

The crashrecovery tap e contains EXECEXE as the second le TDBoot read the monitor from the

rst le it left the tap e p ositioned to read the second le

Ret This will load the Exec Typ e G MiniExec prints ET FILE Next typ e MTA and

command pro cessor from tap e into memoryNow typ e S MX typ es TART typ e Ret to start

the Exec When the Exec starts it will print a header containing its version numb er then it will

prompt with the character

Note

If you are using a tap e drive other than tap e drive mo dify your command accordingly

in the following steps andor error recovery pro cedures for example MTA MTA

C

NO EXEC

MXgET FILE mta Ret

MXsTART Ret TOPS Command processor

FILE SYSTEM

You are now logged in as Op erator a privileged username Enable the privileges so that you will

b e able to write les on other directories

You have already read the rst two les from the tap e Those were the monitor and the Exec

The third le is the executable image of the Dluser program We shall run Dluser from tap e and

rebuild the structures directories according to the data found in the fourth tap e le When Dluser

starts give it the command Structure and supply the actual name of the structure that you are

building In this example we use the name PSbutyou should use the actual name that you gave

in resp onse to the monitors question What is the name of this structure

enable Ret

set tape format highdensity Ret

run mta Ret

DLUSERstructure ps Ret

DLUSERload mta Ret

DONE

DLUSERexit Ret

The pro cess initiated bythe Load command may take to minutes dep ending on the extent

and the complexity of the directories that you are restoring When Dluser nishes loading tap e

data into the new structures directories use the command Exit to leave Dluser and return to the

Exec

Errors If you make an error typing a command to Dluseryou can erase the present command

line bytyping CTRLU

If you have already typ ed Ret you can stop Dluser bytyping Conceortwice Then

you will have to rewind and rep osition the tap e

Ret rewind mta

copy mtamta nul Ret Read and discard monitor and Exec les

run mta Ret This should restart Dluser

Security Note

If you restore your b o ot structure from the Ship tap e supplied by XKL the

Op erator password will b e restored to xkltoad this should b e changed as so on as p ossible

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

The next stage of reconstructing the disk is to use Dumper to restore all the les from the crash

recovery tap e Dumper is rather particular ab out the names of the les it will restore it needs

to b e told the structure name from which the data were saved and if dierent the name of the

structure onto which they are to b e restored If you dont know the name of the structure from

which the data were saved the name DSK will matchanyname

See the Dumper description in TOPS User Utilities Guide for an explanation of any messages

that Dumper may print on the terminal

Run Dumper from the fth le on the tap e Tell Dumper which tap e to use then enter the Restore

command as shown b elow

run mta Ret

DUMPERtape mta Ret

DUMPERrestore dsk ps Ret

Saveset PS Back Up Oct

End of Saveset

Total files restored

Total pages restored

DUMPER

The numb er of les and pages that are rep orted to you will vary dep ending on the tap e that you

use

When Dumper nishes the saveset it will print statistics Then it will prompt again for a command

Tell Dumper to Exit Then tell the Exec to unload the tap e

DUMPERexit Ret

unload mta Ret

If at any p ointyou need to rep osition the tap e the command

Ret Copy MTA NUL

is much faster than the command

Ret Skip MTA file

Finally run Makdmp to create SYSTEMDUMPEXE Because this le is very large it is not custom

arily marked as dumpable hence it cannot b e restored from tap e This program maytakeor

minutes to complete In the example b elow the le is created for a system that has Mwords of

main memorySizeyour DUMPEXE to b e as large as your actual memory conguration

FILE SYSTEM

makdmp Ret

MAKDMPcreate bssystemdumpexe Mwords Ret

MAKDMPexit Ret

Note

If at some future time you add more main memory to the system please recreate the

DUMPEXE le sized to accomo date the additional memory

Various system services were missing from the disk when the system was started consequently they

are not running It is generally a go o d idea to shut the system down see Section page and

reb o ot b efore going much further

If you have restored from a backuptapethatwas made from your data your system will b e

congured as it was when that backupwas created If you have restored from the Ship tap e

that XKL supplied with the system you will need to p erform the customization steps describ ed in

Chapter

Formatting a Disk

Disks supplied to you by XKL will b e correctly formatted for use in the TOAD System

SCSI disks usually come from their factories formatted for byte sectors TOPS needs either

or byte sectors

Please aim carefully

We are sure that you already know that the format pro cess utterly destroys

whatever information is on a disk We ap ologize for mentioning it again

The format command can b e p erformed only on a halted system If TOPS is running shut it

down as describ ed in Section

Use the console command

Ret XKLShow homeblocks

to identify the disk units attached to the system Note the slot numb er of the XRH as rep orted in

the display Note also the bus numb er and target ID numb er of the particular disk to b e formatted

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

Use the console command

XKLformat slot bus target Ret



to b egin the format pro cess The format command will pro ceed through a dialogue to b e sure that

you have the right disk For the highcapacity disks that XKL supplies the formatting op eration

can take more than an hour during which the system wont do anything else

Following the rst format phase called hard format the second format op eration soft format

will happ en automatically If the format command determines that the rst phase is not mandatory

it will oer to bypass it and go directly to the soft format op eration

Hard format establishes the disk sector size so that TOPS can use the disk Soft format asks

the disk a series of questions to determine and record the precise geometry of the disk so that

TOPS can make b est use of it

Tap e Backup

Dep ending on the needs of your organization a more or less elab orate schedule of incremental and

full back up to tap es may b e required The Dumper program is usually used for this purp ose

Careful thoughtshouldbegiven to the tradeos b etween accumulating many tap es to b e sure of

having all saved versions of data and selectively reusing tap es to reduce physical storage require

ments Further dep ending on the kind of disaster recovery your organization needs it maybe

necessary to archive tap es in geographically separate lo cations Sucharchives can either b e made in

addition to lo cally stored back ups or they can b e selected from the back up library after backup

data reaches a certain age

Denitive guidelines are scarce on this topic b ecause it is essentially an insurance issue As such

the choices made will reect the degree of protection that an organization is willing to buy for itself

Design of the back up p olicies is made considerably less mysterious if this p ointiskept in mind

When making a backup of the b o ot structure it is a go o d idea to make a tap e containing a copyof

the Monitor the Exec Dluser data for Dluser and Dumper as the rst ve les on the tap e

You may put this data on a separate tap e or in fron t of the les backedup by Dumper

When making a backup of any structure it is a go o d idea to have uptodate Dluser data for the

structure included on the tap e This can b e done by the scheme describ ed in the previous paragraph

or you may run Dluser prior to running Dumper and leave the data in a wellknown place eg

OPERATORUSERSTXT on the given structure In such a case restoration of the complete structure

requires the additional steps of using Dumper to restore that le and then running Dluser to

restore the directories b efore running Dumper to restore all the les



The format command accepts a logical unit number LUN following the target number At present TOPS

supp orts only disks that have one logical unit whichisnumbered you may omit the LUN for these units

TAPE HANDLING

Tap e Handling

To read industrystandard tap es the TOAD System can b e ordered with the XTU ninetrack

tap e subsystem Many sites will havesuch tap es that archive data of considerable age XKL

recommends that this data b e transferred to new DAT or DLT cartridges for several reasons

To make sure that the data can still b e read from the archive tap es

To capture the archival data on a more robust and more compact medium

To reduce the volume of archive storage

It is dicult to provide a general scheme for copying ninetrack tap es to DAT tap es b ecause of the

variation in the programs that wrote the original tap es

If the original tap es were written by DumperthenuseDumper to restore the data on tap e to

disk Then use Dumper to save the disk data on a DAT tap e A separate structure devoted to

the tap e copying op eration may facilitate this transfer create the structure anew for eachsaveset

that you wanttocopy One mo dern disk drive has sucient capacity to hold any but the largest of

the older TOPS structures By recreating the structure for eachnewsaveset that you copyyou

automatically destroy all les and directories that were created by the previous saveset It may

b e p ossible to savemultiple savesets on the same DAT tap e to achievesavings in storage space

and media costs Writing multip e savesets on the new medium is a particularly go o d idea if you

are using a DLT

If the original tap es were written by Backup similar ideas applyUseDumper in interchange

mo de to read such tap es We recommend that Dumper in native TOPS mo de b e used to

write the data

If you have tap es in some other format you may need a sp ecial program to read the tap es If

the tap e les can t in a TOPS le read the tap e into les and use Dumper to save them on

new media The maximum capacity of a single TOPS le is disk pages or ab out

megabytes That is somewhat larger than the capacityoftwo fo ot reels of ninetrack tap e If

tap e les do not t into TOPS les you will need a sp ecial program that copies from tap es to

tap es

The OPR Program

Opr is a general op erator interface program which is used to communicate with Galaxy system

comp onents Opr is also used to control other system functions The commands available are

describ ed in App endix B This program is used mostly to deal with batch streams and printer

queues although it also has facilities for handling op erations that must deal with lab eled industry

compatible tap e volumes

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

Other Perio dic Tasks

This section describ es some tasks that should b e p erformed p erio dically

Accounting Data

TOPS collects accounting data from which the system manager can determine which users are

consuming CPU and related resources

Data is recorded in BSACCOUNTSSYSTEMDATABIN the accounting le for suchevents as log in

log out printing checkp oints and system reloads Data is logged to the accounting le via the

USAGE JSYS

The accounting le is op ened automatically by TOPS when it is initialized The le remains

op en throughout the time TOPS is running The le cant b e backed up to tap e b ecause it cant

b e accessed by another pro cess while TOPS has it op en The le cant b e read or deleted while

TOPS has it op en

In order to back up the le or pro cess accounting records or to delete it the le must b e closed

whereup on TOPS will op en a successor le with a higher generation numb er The pro cedure

detailed b elow will close the accounting le Weadviseyou to put this pro cedure in a MIC CMD

or other command le Probably it is sucient to p erform this pro cedure weekly or monthlyYou

may nd it helpful to p erform this as part of back up pro cedure for the b o ot structure

reset

enable

XDDT

USCLS

Esc X Note the Esc wil l echo as USAGE

Z

disable

The contributed program Frep provides an example of pro cessing the binary records found in the

accounting le The source for Frep is found in the SRCSUUTILITIES directory

The BSSPOOL directory

Avariety of les can b e found in the BSSPOOL directory

Among these are les sent to device LPT the sp o oled line printer or to device LPTn for sp o oled

printer unit n Since there is no real line printer les to b e printed are held here until they can b e

sent through the network to whatever printers are accessible Files directed to LPT or LPTn get

the default forms thus only one typ e of data can b e sent to a particular printer unit

OTHER PERIODIC TASKS

The le ORIONSYSTEMLOG is the current log le for the program Orion This le contains a log of

system reloads etc The les ORIONSYSTEMLOGnnn are old versions of Orions log Generally

they havenointrinsic value they are a record of requests to the op erator and op erator resp onses

Sometimes problems in queue management can b e discovered and corrected by reference to this log

A new log is started when the CLOSE LOG command is given in the Opr program

The SERRERRORSYS le

This le contains a log of system errors monitor bug halts bug checks and bug infs device

errors device statistics and reload information

The program Ep reads this le and translates it to a humanreadable format

CHAPTER SYSTEM OPERATION

Chapter

Running the TOPS UETP

Package

This chapter describ es how to run the User EnvironmentTest Package Uetp This program

p erforms a cursory check of the system

Uetp starts a numb er of tests that can run either once or rep eatedly The source les are kept

in the directory UETPLIB while the temp orary data les and results of the tests are stored in

the directory UETPRUNFor more information on Uetp see the User Environment Test Package

Reference Manual

Note

You should p erform all the steps in this chapter on the op erators console terminal CTY

Otherwise you must return to the CTY after completing the steps in this chapter to

resume control of the system

Obtaining a Tap e Drive

This section describ es how to obtain a tap e drive for diagnostic purp oses or for loading system

software When you are done with the tap e drive release it for timesharing use by following the

pro cedure describ ed in Section Log in on the console terminal CTY as a privileged user enable Wheel or Op erator privileges

CHAPTER RUNNING THE TOPS UETP PACKAGE

Systems without Tap e Drive Allo cation

If your system do es not use tap e drive allo cation use the following command to nd a tap e drive

that is available to your job

information available devices Ret

DSK TOED MISC DXX SHIP MTA LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT

LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT

LPT LPT LPT LPT CDR PTY NUL TCP PIP

Devices assigned toopened by this job TTY

This typ eout indicates that MTA is available to your job Use the ASSIGN command to secure it

for your job

Ret assign mta

Continue at Section

Systems with Tap e Drive Allo cation

If your system uses tap e drive allo cation follow this pro cedure to obtain a tap e driveforyour use

Typ e OPR and Ret to run the Opr program

OPR Ret

OPR

To nd a tap e drivethatyou can use for mounting the tap e typ e the Opr command

OPRSHOW STATUS TAPEDRIVE ALL Ret

The system resp onds with a list of tap e drives and their status

OPRshow status tapedrive all Ret

OPR

Tape Drive Status

Drive State Volid Req Job User

MTA Unloaded

AVR Yes

MTA In Use DEK NHELLIWELL

AVR Yes Write Yes Unlabeled

MTA Loaded

OBTAINING A TAPE DRIVE

AVR Yes Write Yes Unlabeled

MTA Unloaded

AVR Yes

OPR

Before mounting the tap e you should rst make a free driveunavailable to timesharing users Use

the command

OPRSET TAPEDRIVE MTAn UNAVAILABLE Ret

to do this where n represents the unit numb er of an unloaded unit The example uses drivenumber

but you can sp ecify any drive that is not in use

Ret OPRSet tapedrive mta unavailable

Enter text and terminate with Z

When you set a tap e drive unavailable the Opr program wants you to record the reason for your

action Typ e an appropriate reason nish bytyping CTRLZ

Enter text and terminate with Z

Using tape for diagnostics Z

OPR

Tape Drive Set Unavailable

MTA set unavailable for assignment by MOUNTR

SJ

SJ Tape Drive Set Unavailable

SJ MTA set unavailable for assignment by MOUNTR

OPR

Note

Some of the output depicted ab ove comes from Opr some comes from job Sysjob

which is using the console terminal for its output

Use the Exit command to leave the OPR program

OPRexit Ret

Setting the tap e drive unavailable means that TOPS will not use that tap e drive to satisfy any

users Mount request However you still must assign the drivetoyour job to assure that no other

user can access the tap e drive

Use the Assign command to assign the selected magnetic tap e drivetoyour job The example uses

drivenumber but you should use the drivethatyou set unavailable The Exec just prints its

prompt when the drive is assigned

CHAPTER RUNNING THE TOPS UETP PACKAGE

assign mta Ret

Error If the device is assigned to another job the system prints the message

MTA Already assigned to job n

Go nd a dierentdrive that is unloaded

Using a Logical Name for the Tap e Drive

This section is optional You may consider following this pro cedure if the tap e unit that you are

using is not MTA

Most of this manual is written as though the tap e unit that you are using is MTA Although you

will b e reminded throughout to use the actual name of the tap e unit you have assigned it maybe

easier to give the following command

Ret Define MTA MTAn

where n is the actual unit numb er of the tap e you have assigned eg

Define MTA MTA Ret

This command creates a logical name MTA that the system asso ciates with the actual unit MTA

This name applies only to your current job

By the way the command

Ret Define MTA

erases the denition of the logical name MTA

Running the Standard Tests

Log in at the console terminal as a privileged user and enable your capabilities

Use the Take command to read commands from PSUETPLIBSETUPCMD This command le

contains all the commands necessary to create the sub directories needed by Uetp

Ret TAKE PSUETPLIBSETUPCMD

New

New

RUNNING THE STANDARD TESTS

End of UETPLIBSETUPCMD

Connect to the directory that contains the standard tests

Connect PSUETPRUN Ret

To start the Uetp program use the Run command The program prints the prompt UETP

RUN UETPEXE Ret

ddmmmyy hhmmss User Environment Test Package

UETP

Error If Uetp stops with the message You must have IPCF privileges use the Execs

BUILD command to add the IPCF capabilitytoyour directory After doing so you will

have to log out and log in again to make the privilege eective Start over at the b eginning

of this section

Use the Take command to load the standard verication tests from the le VERIFYCMD This com

mand causes the standard tests to b e loaded and the rst test VERIFY to b egin The program

prints several messages followed by status information In the example the eld hhmmss indicates

the time the message was generated

Ret UETPTake VERIFYCMD

UETPENABLE VERIFYCYCLE Verify that the correct software

hhmmss ENABLE COMPLETED is instal led

UETPBEGIN

hhmmss BEGIN COMPLETED

UETPDEFAULTCYCLE

hhmmss DEFAULT COMPLETED

UETPENABLE RANCBL

hhmmss ENABLE COMPLETED

UETPENABLE RANFOR

hhmmss ENABLE COMPLETED

UETPENABLE MTA

hhmmss ENABLE COMPLETED

UETPSTATUS

ddmmmyy hhmmss

Test Depth Status Cycle Times Error Error Start

name run count limit time

VERIFY VER Running ddmmmyy hhmmss

RANCBL VER Enabled

RANFOR VER Enabled

CHAPTER RUNNING THE TOPS UETP PACKAGE

MTA VER Enabled

START VERIFY hhmmss

END VERIFY hhmmss

Note

If any messages app ear b etween the Start message and the End message there are

errors in the les you received Do not pro ceed any further

The last two messages signify the b eginning and ending of the test If the rst test VERIFY

nishes without error go on

Note

In the following steps you should use a tap e drivethatyou assigned to your job by

having followed the pro cedure in Section page

The standard tests include a random IO Cob ol test a random IO Fortran test and a test called

MTA which tests the tap e drive MTA The tap e test requires that a scratch magnetic tap e b e

mounted on driveIfyou are using a tap e drive other than MTAyou must disable the test named

MTA and enable the test of the other unit To enable the test for a sp ecic tap e drivenumb ered

n typ e

UETPEnable MTAn Ret

For example to disable the test of drive and to enable the test of driveyou would typ e

Ret UETPDisable MTA

hhmmss DISABLE COMPLETED

UETPEnable MTA Ret

hhmmss ENABLE COMPLETED

UETP

Select a scratch magnetic tap e the medium that do es not contain any information that you

wanttokeep the diagnostic will write on the tap e Now mount the tap e on the driveyou wantto

test If the tap e drive is of the reeltoreel variety b e sure that a write ring has b een inserted on

the tap e otherwise b e sure that the tap e cartridge is writeenabled Make sure that the tap e drive

is on line b efore pro ceeding to the next step

To start the remaining tests typ e the command Begin The program will then print a series of

messages

Ret UETPBEGIN

hhmmss BEGIN COMPLETED UETP

RUNNING OPTIONAL TESTS

START RANCBL hhmmss

START RANFOR hhmmss

START MTA hhmmss

END RANCBL hhmmss

END RANFOR hhmmss

END MTA hhmmss

If messages other than those shown in the example app ear the tests generating the messages have

failed

When all tests are completed the system prints the following status information

All tests complete on processor

ddmmmyy hhmmss

Test Depth Status Cycle Times Error Error Start

name run count limit time

VERIFY VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

RANCBL VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

RANFOR VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

MTA VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

At this p oint you can either typ e Exit to terminate Uetp or b egin the tests for optional software

The following step shows how to terminate UetpIfyou want to test optional software you should

skip this step and pro ceed to the next section

Typ e Exit to stop Uetp

Ret UETPExit

Clean up the temp orary directories created by Uetp by following the steps in Section

Running Optional Tests

This section describ es how to enable tests for optional software pro ducts Be sure to enable tests

only for the optional software pro ducts you have installed

Table contains a list of optional software pro ducts for TOPS and the Uetp command needed

to start the test for the pro duct

To start a test for an optional software pro duct do the following

Typ e an Enable command to select the test of a particular software pro duct

UETPEnable product name Ret

See Table for the correct command for your sp ecic pro duct for example

CHAPTER RUNNING THE TOPS UETP PACKAGE

UETPEnable FORTRA Ret

hhmmss ENABLE COMPLETED

UETP

Typ e an Enable command for each pro duct you wish to test

Typ e the Begin command to start the tests

UETPBegin Ret

hhmmss BEGIN COMPLETED

UETP

The Begin command starts the standard tests and all the optional software tests you enabled

The Uetp starts all the tests immediately

Perio dically givea Status command to nd out which tests are running and howmany times they

have b een run

Ret UETPStatus

ddmmmyy hhmmss

Test Depth Status Cycle Times Error Error Start

name run count limit time

VERIFY VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

RANCBL VER Running ddmmmyy hhmmss

RANFOR VER Queued ddmmmyy hhmmss

MTA VER Queued ddmmmyy hhmmss

In the example the RANCBLSUP test is running the RANFORSUP and MTASUP tests are in a wait

state and the VERIFYSUP test has ended

Note

If there is a numb er other than zero in the column Error Count printthe

ERRORSLOG le when the tests are nished to nd out what caused the error

The Uetp program do es not notify you when all the tests are completed To nd out when all the

tests are completed giveaStatus command When all the tests are completed your output from

the Status command resembles the following

Ret UETPStatus

ddmmmyy hhmmss

Test Depth Status Cycle Times Error Error Start

name run count limit time

VERIFY VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

DELETING TEMPORARY DIRECTORIES

RANCBL VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

RANFOR VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

MTA VER Ended ddmmmyy hhmmss

Note that all tests are rep orted as Ended

To exit from the Uetp program typ e the Exit command The Exec prints its enabled prompt

UETPExit Ret

Error If you try to exit while there are tests still running Uetp will print the message

You still have tests running ABORT ALL before exiting

Wait until all the tests are completed and then reissue the Exit command

Deleting Temp orary Directories

Perform the op erations in this section to delete the temp orary directories created by Uetp

To delete the temp orary directories use the command

Take UETPLIBCLEANUPCMD Ret

The system prints the word Old for each directory it deletes

TAKE UETPLIBCLEANUPCMD

Old

Old

End of UETPLIBCLEANUPCMD

Release the Tap e Drive

This section describ es how to release a tap e drive so that it can b e used by other timesharing users

Before doing this b e sure you have unloaded the tap e that you were using

Typ e the Exec command

Ret Deassign MTA

to release the magnetic tap e drive for use by other users The Exec prompts again

CHAPTER RUNNING THE TOPS UETP PACKAGE

If your system uses tap e drive allo cation return the tap e drive to the p o ol of allo catable units Run

the Opr program and enter the command to make the driveavailable for allo cation

Opr Ret

OPRSet tapedrive mta available Ret

OPRExit Ret

RELEASE THE TAPE DRIVE

Table Uetp Commands for Optional Software Pro duct Tests

Pro duct Uetp Command

Algol Enable Algol

APL Enable APL

BasicPlus Enable Basic

Cob ol Enable Cob ol

Cob ol Enable Cbl

DBMS Enable DBMS

Fortran Enable Fortra

Sort Enable Sort

CHAPTER RUNNING THE TOPS UETP PACKAGE

App endix A

CONFIGCMD Commands

This app endix describ es the system conguration command le SYSTEMCONFIGCMD giving a

detailed list of the conguration commands and their parameters This app endix describ es howto

declare the system name change the system defaults for system devices accounting p erformance

improvements scheduler controls le archiving and migration and control other system functions

Each time the system starts it runs the Setspd Set System Parameter Defaults program automati

cally Setspd reads the denitions found in the conguration command le SYSTEMCONFIGCMD

Commands app ear in this le to sp ecify details of how TOPS should op erate some of these must

b e customized to your particular environment

Among the characteristics dened in the conguration command le are

Logical names

Magnetic tap e drives

Line printers

Lo cal time zone

Daylightsavings time

Login structures

Directory parameter setting

Accountvalidation

Accounting shift changes

Password management

Security controls

Performance improvements

Scheduler controls

Tap e drive allo cation

When Setspd is run for the rst time the logical name SYSTEM will b e dened as BSNEWSYSTEMBSSYSTEM

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

System level messages

Network information

File archiving and migration

Oline structures

Memory dumps

Cluster data gathering

MSCPserved disk drives

The le can include comments Comments are preceded by the exclamation p ointcharacter

and they continue through the end of the line

Your system comes with a sample BSSYSTEMSETSPDCMD le whichyou should edit to adapt

to your sites requirements

A Dening SystemWide Logical Names

See the TOPS System Managers Guide for a description of logical names

Insert a command in the following format to dene any sp ecial systemwide logical names that you

require These logical names are dened when the system starts thereafter they are available to all

users The command format is shown here

list Ret DEFINE name denition

The initial CONFIGCMD le contains denitions that have b een crafted to work reasonably well

whether or not a separate login structure is used Most of the denitions reference the structure

name BS which is itself the systemwide logical name for the boot structure The b o ot structure is

the structure from which TDBoot will load the monitor The b o ot structure is also the structure

on which TOPS do es swapping for this reason this structure is sometimes called the swapping

structure Further the b o ot structure is also the structure on which TOP exp ects to nd the

executable les containing system programs and on which it exp ects to log accounting data errors

sp o ol requests etc for this reason the structure is also known as the system structure

The denitions in your initial CONFIGCMD le assume that all system software will b e lo cated in

directories on BSThepublic structure known by the logical name PS is the structure on which

users logindirectories and mail are found PS and BS are the same structure unless you dene

a separate login structure

A Selecting an Editor

You have the option of selecting the default editing program editor with whichyour users create

and edit les using the Create and Edit commands As delivered to you the default editor is

the Emacs screeneditor Other editors are available Digital Equipmentprovided two editors for

A DEFINING MAGNETIC TAPE LOGICAL UNIT NUMBERS

TOPS Edit a lineoriented editor and TV a screenoriented editor If you want users to use

eg the TV program replace the existing denition of EDITOR by the command line

DEFINE EDITOR SYSTVEXE

in the conguration command le

By dening the logical name EDITOR for their own jobs users can override your choice of default

editor as long as the editor they sp ecify is available at your installation

If you wantyour systems default editor to b e the Edit program remove the denition of EDITOR

from the conguration command le

A Dening Magnetic Tap e Logical Unit Numbers

TOPS identies each magnetic tap e drivebyaunit number The unit numb er forms part of the

name by which users refer to a particular unit eg MTA is the name of the rst tap e MTA is the

name of the second etc Unit numb ers are assigned by the system based on the channel number

controller numb er and the target numb er of the tap e drive

The magnetic tap e drive with the lowest channel controller and unit numb ers with channel

taken as the most signicant gure and unit as the least signicant is identied by TOPS as

MTA

Sometimes this metho d is inconvenien t to users b ecause if the system were recabled the physical

drives could b ecome known by dierent device names Suchachange would invalidate batch les

and do cumented pro cedures So TOPS provides a means bywhich the system administrator

can assign particular device names to particular tap e units For some units this metho d once

established is automatic for other units the metho d requires alteration of the conguration le

when recabling o ccurs The commands in the conguration le giveyou the abilitytokeep drive

unit device names constant in spite of recabling

Use the privileged program Sysdpy to display information ab out your SCSI devices including the

tap e drives Be enabled use the command

Ret Sysdpy ducserialcmaker

to start the Sysdpy program in the Display Units du mo de with the serial numb er display

moved to column and the maker and mo del numb er displaymoved to column

An example of what you might see on your screen is presented in Figure A

This displayshows that the system has two tap e units MTA is at Channel Controller and

Unit it has no intrinsic serial numb er so TOPS has invented one for it based on its channel

controller and unit numb ers MTA is also on Channel and Controller but it is unit number

and its serial numb er is the character string ZG

Write down the information you need for each unit record its character serial numb er and its

The TOPS scheme of channel controller and unit numb ers is explained in more detail in Section page

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

Figure A Display Units DU from the SYSDPY Program

Serial Num Maker Model CKU DBAddr Chn Kon Unt Device Type CylF

C XRH

SEAGATE STW U TOED Disk

A HP CA U MISC Disk

C XRH

A HP CA U DXX Disk

A HP CA U SHIP Disk

C XRH

XKLCU HP CA U MTA Tape

ZG Quantum DLT U MTA Tape

C XRH

C XNI

This display is obtained by the command

Ret Sysdpy ducserialcmaker

character maker and mo del To exit from Sysdpytyp e the letter E and Ret

Use the SCSITAPE command in the conguration le to identify these units The SCSITAPE

command requires a unit numb er a character manufacturer and mo del string and a character

serial numb er string The strings are enclosed in quotation marks as shown in this example

SCSITAPE HP CA XKLCU

SCSITAPE Quantum DLT ZG

If a third tap e were added to the system and put on channel TOPS would normally giveit

the device name MTA and change the names of the other drives accordinglyHowever with these

commands present in the conguration le the original two units keep the names they were known

by the new tap e drivebecomesMTA

The use of the SCSITAPE command to assign unit numb ers to sp ecic tap es is handy also in systems

that have XTU external reeltoreel tap e units These units have individual p ower switches and

they need not b e turned on when the system is started If turned on subsequent to TOPS

b ecoming op erational TOPS will recognize the tap e and add it to the system Meanwhile by

use of the SCSITAPE command the other tap e drives have already b een assigned their accustomed names

A DEFINING THE LOCAL TIME ZONE

Notes

A unit serial numb er is a character string Be sure to enter all ten characters including

leading or trailing blanks if needed In the example ab ove the serial numb er of the disk

unitonchannel is which includes two trailing blank spaces

The maker and mo del string in the command parameter mustbecharacters You

must put blank spaces in the parameter precisely where they app ear in the Sysdpy

screen

Tap e units that havenointrinsic serial numb ers rep orted as XKLC must b e

handled sp ecially if you recable your SCSI equipment you will havetoupdatethe

command le manually

Op erational Note

If you make use of the SCSITAPE command b e aware that the TDBoot program will

not know ab out your assignments of new names to the various tap es Thus anytimeyou

must refer to a tap e in TDBoot please double check tobesurethatyou and TDBoot

are using the same names

A Dening the Lo cal Time Zone

The time zone in whichyour installation is lo cated can b e represented as the numb er of hours west

or east of Greenwich For example Eastern Standard Time is zone Central Standard Time is

zone Mountain Standard Time is zone and Pacic Standard Time is zone To set your lo cal

time zone you can enter the following command in the conguration command le

TIMEZONE n

where n is a decimal number between and inclusive West of GMT is p ositive east is

negative Note that this is the reverse of the usual scheme of numb ering timezones US Eastern

Standard Time GMT is represented in this command as Zones and represent the

same clo ck time but on opp osite sides of the international date line If you do not sp ecify a time

zone in the conguration command le the time zone will default to zone signifying British time

A Sp ecifying DaylightSavings Time



You can sp ecify one of three DaylightSavings Time DST options in the conguration command

le The three options are



Known also as Summer Time in parts of the Englishsp eakingworld

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

Automatic Change at the time now prescrib ed bylaw in the USA Turn on DST at the rst

Sunday in April and return to standard time at the last Sunday in Octob er

This is the most convenient option in most states of the USA excepting Arizona

Hawaii and parts of Indiana sub ject to the whims of Congress

Off Do not do DST conversions

Use this option if DST is never observed or during Standard Time in countries where

the Automatic algorithm do es not apply

This option is appropriate for GMT Greenwich Mean Time also known as UT

Universal Time which do es not change with the season This is also appropriate for

tropical areas where DST is not observed

On Always do DST conversions

Use this option during DaylightSavings Time Summer Time in countries where the

Automatic algorithm do es not apply

To sp ecify the DST option for your system typ e the command DAYLIGHT followed by the appropriate

argument The following is only an example You must determine which option is appropriate for

your site

DAYLIGHT ON

Note

If the Automatic setting do es not apply the conguration le must b e edited explicitly

and Setspd must b e run manually see Section A page to adjust the system time

for the shift in either direction b etween Standard Time and Daylight Time

A Directory Parameter Setting

You have the option of allowing users to change their directory parameters If you decide to allow

users to do this no command is necessary in the conguration command le b ecause the system

default is to

ENABLE DIRECTORYPARAMETERSETTI NG

However if you decide not to allow users to change their directory parameters you should put the

command

DISABLE DIRECTORYPARAMETERSETTING

in the conguration le When this command is given it prevents the user from changing anyofhis or her directory parameters unless he has Wheel or Op erator privileges

A ACCOUNT VALIDATION

Note

If the default is taken users are allowed to change some of their directory parameters

with the Execs

SET DIRECTORY

commands

A AccountValidation

You have the option of requiring all users to enter a valid account name when they are logging in to

the system If you decide to require valid accounts you must remove the command

DISABLE ACCOUNTVALIDATION

from the conguration le absent that command the system will default to enable accountvalida

tion

The system is delivered with accountvalidation turned o b ecause prior to turning on account

validation you must create the necessary account data les and run the account generator program

Actgen to create your account data base le BSSYSTEMACCOUNTSTABLEBIN

With accountvalidation disabled the system checks each account string only for length The

purp ose of the check is to ensure that the maximum numb er of alphanumeric characters has not

b een exceeded in each account No other checking is p erformed If a user attempts to use or create

an account greater than characters the system simply truncates the entry to the character

maximum The created entryissuretobeofvalid length if you enable accountvalidation in the

future

More information concerning accounts is contained in the TOPS System Managers Guide

A Performance Improvements

A Working Set Swapping

If you add the command

ENABLE WORKINGSETPRELOADING

to the conguration le the entire working set of a pro cess is broughtinto memory at once when it

is the pro cesss turn to run Otherwise this action o ccurs on a pagebypage basis

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

Note

You should enable working set swappingonlyifyour system runs large computeb ound

jobs However if your system runs manyinteractive jobs or if you are unsure which

description b etter ts your system take the default

DISABLE WORKINGSETPRELOADING

Preloading the workingset is more helpful in systems that have small main memory

congurations This is not likely the case in a TOAD System

A Scheduler Controls

The following sections describ e the bias control traditional scheduling and class scheduling

A Bias Control

You have the option of deciding howyour systems CPU time is to b e divided b etween interactive

and batch jobs You do this byentering the command

BIAS n

in the conguration command le where n is anyinteger b etween and

The smaller the value of n the larger the p ercentage of CPU time that is given to interactive jobs If

you do not give this command a default value of will b e taken whichprovides a balance b etween

good interactive resp onse and reasonable throughput

A Traditional Scheduling

Traditional scheduling do es not distinguish b etween classes of users it generally treats in similar

ways all users who are doing similar things Traditional sc heduling do es distinguish CPUintensive

jobs from interactive jobs and mayfavor one or the other dep ending on the Bias setting and it

can b e told to reduce the priority of batch jobs relativetojobscontrolled by a p erson at a terminal

If you want to use traditional scheduling you do not havetoenter any command into the congu

ration command le b ecause the system default is to

DISABLE CLASSSCHEDULING

Scheduling Low Priority for BatchJobs

Although you must use the class scheduler to give batch jobs a high priorityyou can givebatch jobs

alower priority using the traditional scheduler Add the command

A SCHEDULER CONTROLS

BATCHBACKGROUND

to the conguration command le

This command sp ecies that all batch jobs run on the lowest priority queue also known as back

ground queue This means that after pro cessing all interactive jobs the scheduler selects and runs

batch jobs waiting in the queue

Do not use this command if you enable the class scheduler

A Class Scheduling

You can use class scheduling to divide your systems CPU time among dierent classes of jobs

Class scheduling assigns p ercentages of CPU time to jobs according to their account or according to

a p olicy program written esp ecially for your site

If you use either kind of class scheduling you can allo cate anyunused CPU time windfall among

active jobs or withhold it from all jobs

A Class Scheduling byaPolicy Program

You must have a p olicy program in order to use either of the following commands

The command for enabling class scheduling using a p olicy program and allo cating windfall is

ENABLE CLASSSCHEDULING POLICYPROGRAM ALLOCATED

The command for enabling class scheduling using a p olicy program and withholding windfall is

ENABLE CLASSSCHEDULING POLICYPROGRAM WITHHELD

If you enable class scheduling using a p olicy program you cannot also enable class scheduling using

accounts you should skip to Section A after giving either of these two commands

A Class Scheduling byAccounts

If you do not have a p olicy program to use with class scheduling at your site you can still enable class

scheduling by assigning jobs to classes according to the account under whicheach job is running See

the TOPS System Managers Guide for information ab out asso ciating accounts with particular

classes Todothisy ou must rst enter Create commands into the conguration command le

sp ecifying the p ercentage of CPU time that is to b e given to jobs in each class

You must enter a Create command for each class that your system will use with an appropriate

p ercentage for each class The sum of the p ercentages you sp ecify must not add up to more than

although they may add up to less than If they add up to less than the p ercentage

of CPU time that is not assigned b ecomes part of the systems windfall Each CREATE command is a line in the conguration le

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

The commands shown in the following example divide of the systems CPU time among three

classes of jobs For example the command

CREATE

sp ecies that jobs running under accounts in class are to b e given a total of of your systems

CPU time You must supply the correct class numb ers and p ercentages for your own system

CREATE

CREATE

CREATE

Batch jobs can b e put into a sp ecial class of their own by including the command

BATCHCLASS n

where n is the numb er of the class you cho ose for batch jobs If you do not enter a BATCHCLASS

command batch jobs are given CPU time according to the class asso ciated with the account of the

jobs owner at the time of submission The example b elow creates a class for batch jobs and then

assigns of CPU time to this class with the CREATE command You must enter commands that

are appropriate for your system

BATCHCLASS

CREATE

Nowyou must enter the command that enables class scheduling using accounts You must also

decide whether to allo cate or withhold any windfall CPU time The default for this command is

ALLOCATED It is recommended that you take this default Enter the command

ENABLE CLASSSCHEDULING ACCOUNTS ALLOCATED

Caution

Do not enable class scheduling without rst creating classes as describ ed ab ove Class

scheduling will not function prop erly without classes

A File Archiving and Migration Parameters

The following sections describ e tap e recycle p erio ds for use with the le archiving and migration features

A TAPE DRIVE ALLOCATION

A ArchiveTap e Recycle Perio d

TOPS provides a feature that allows oline storage of selected les on magnetic tap e for long

p erio ds of time You can sp ecify how long these les are to b e saved by inserting a command into

the conguration command le stating in days the recycle p erio d of the tap es For example to

save archival les on tap e for veyears you would enter the command

ARCHIVETAPERECYCLEPERIOD

b ecause years at daysyear is days

If you do not insert an ARCHIVETAPERECYCLEPERIOD command in the conguration command

le a default value of ten years will b e taken

A Migration Tap e Recycle Perio d

TOPS provides a feature that allows automatic oline storage of old or littleused les on

magnetic tap e for short p erio ds of time You can sp ecify howlongtheselesaretobesaved by

inserting a command into the conguration command le stating in days the recycle p erio d of the

tap es For example to save migrated les on tap e for three months you would enter the command

TAPERECYCLEPERIOD

b ecause months with daysmonth is days

If you do not insert a TAPERECYCLEPERIOD command in the conguration command le a default

value of six months will b e taken

A Tap e Drive Allo cation

TOPS provides for the automatic assignment of tap e drives to users who wish to read or write

magnetic tap es In order to use this feature which also allo ws your system to read and write the

lab els of standard lab eled tap es you must insert the command

ENABLE TAPEDRIVEALLOCATION

into the conguration command le If you do not give this command your users must assign tap e

drives with the Execs Assign command their lab eled tap es will b e treated as unlab eled tap es

Treatment of Unrecognized Tap es

If you enable tap e drive allo cation you must decide what action the system should take if a lab eled

tap e is mounted improp erly for example if the user sp ecies the wrong lab el typ e or density If

you want the system to unload the tap e so that it cannot b e accidentally erased you must add

TAPERECOGNITIONERRORS UNLOAD

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

to the conguration command le If you do not give this command the system will treat improp erly

mounted lab eled tap es as unlab eled tap es it will continue pro cessing them That is the system

default is

TAPERECOGNITIONERRORS REGARDASUNLABELED

A Accounting Shift Changes

The accounting facilityallows you to provide varied billing rates for system use at dierent times

You do this byentering commands into the conguration command le that sp ecify the time of day

for eachratechange You should give one command for each time the rate changes Use days of

the week or the keywords WEEKDAYS WEEKENDSand ALL and times in either hour or AMPM

format See the TOPS System Managers Guide for detailed information ab out accounting shift

changes

CHANGE commands are entered into the conguration command le to provide sp ecial rates for

evenings and weekends The following is only an example you must provide the correct days and

times for your own system

CHANGE WEEKDAYS

CHANGE WEEKDAYS

CHANGE SATURDAY

Note

You do not havetoenter CHANGE commands into the conguration command le If

you do not enter any CHANGE commands the accounting shift change feature of system

accounting is not used

A Controlling System Message Levels

Y ou have the option of notifying users of certain events such as resource problems level messages

and op erational events level messages

The level messages are

Caution Swapping space low

Caution SPT space low

Caution Disk space low on system structure

A NETWORK INFORMATION

The level messages are

System name going down in

Shutdown canceled

Deleted les will b e expunged from system structure in seconds

System structure expunge completed

To allow the system to send either typ e of message to users add the command Enable for eachtyp e

The Disable command will prevent the system from sending either typ e of message

This example enables the system to send b oth typ es of system messages to users

Enable SystemMessageLevel

Enable SystemMessageLevel

A Network Information

Enter the following command line into your conguration command le in order to identify your

system

name Node node

The node name should match the lo cal name given in BSSYSTEMHOSTNAMETXT

A Designating Oline Structures

Note

The disks supp orted on the TOAD System are not exp ected to go oline Hence this

facility is not exp ected to b e of any practical use

The oline structure facility designates to the monitor which structures are oine This prevents

pro cesses from accessing or op ening les that are on disk units that the TOPS monitor knows

are oine You can also set a timeout interval b etween the time the disk go es oine and the time

when the monitor sets the structure oline

The command to enable the oline structure facilityis

Enable OfflineStructures mmss

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

This is the default with a timeout interval of one minute You need only to enter a command in the

conguration command le if you wanttochange the timeout interval b etween and minutes

or to turn the oline structure facility o The command to turn o the oline structures facility

is

Disable OfflineStructures

This example shows howtochange the oline structures timeout interval to veminutes

Enable OfflineStructures

A The Login Structure Facility

The login structure facilityallows you to sp ecify a structure other than the b o ot structure the system

structure as the structure that TOPS will use to lo cate usernames and login directories That

is the login structure is the home for users directories and les distinct from the b o ot structure

which is then used for swapping and storage of systems programs

Any one structure that is available to the system at startup time can b e dened to b e the login

structure When a login structure is used the logical name PS is redened so that it names the login

structure In systems where a login structure is dened the b o ot structure will contain a small

numb er of login directories eg Op erator for use only when the login structure is not mounted In

normal op eration Op erator will log in to the login structure

There are at least two scenarios in which a login structure is useful First for eciency of data back

up user data whichmay b e presumed to change rapidly is segregated on the login structure

from systems programs and lessfrequently changing data on the b o ot structure Second in a

cluster environment not yet supp orted byTOAD System where the same set of users mayuse

any system in the cluster In this case user data the login structure is on a disk shared byall

the systems in the cluster and swapping space whichisprivate to each pro cessor is on the b o ot

structure

The command to enable the login structure facilityis

ENABLE LOGINSTRUCTURE

This command instructs the monitor to attempt to nd a login structure when the system is starting

If this command is not issued the monitor will not attempt to nd a separate login structure the

b o ot structure will b e used as the login structure

The command to turn o the login structure facilityis

DISABLE LOGINSTRUCTURE

whichbypasses an y attempt to dene a login structure that is separate from the b o ot structure This is the default

A PREVENTING FAST LOGIN

A Preventing Fast Login

By using the FAST switch with the LOGIN command users can bypass pro cessing of the LOGINCMD

and COMANDCMD les whichmay b e set up to limit users computing environments For example

sets of users maybeallowed only to read mail or run some particular application program You can

prevent fast logins byentering the command

DISABLE FASTLOGINOPTION

in the conguration command le

Fast login is in eect by default

See the TOPS Users Guide for information on the LOGINCMD and COMANDCMD les The

TOPS Commands Reference Manual describ es the LOGIN command

A Password Management

Password management features allowyou to check thatusersatyour site do not cho ose passwords

that are to o short or that are otherwise easy to guess such as a name or initials

A Designating Minimum Password Length

You can control the minimum length of each users unencrypted password string The minimum

password length can b e set to b etween and characters To set the minimum password length

always at system startup enter the command

Enable MinimumPasswordLength n

in the conguration command le

A Changing Passwords Regularly

You can control how often users must change their passwords You can set the numb ers of days a

password is valid since the time it was last changed You can set the numb er from through

The default numberofdays is To add this feature you must insert the command

Enable PasswordExpiration n

into the conguration command le

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

A Disallowing Certain Passwords

You can make certain combinations of characters illegal for use as passwords Perhaps they would b e

to o easily guessed byanintruder You can place suchwords in the le SYSTEMPASSWORDDICTIONARY

and have them automatically matched against newly supplied passwords See the TOPS System

Managers Guide for details on how to setup the le

To add this feature you must insert the command

Enable PasswordDictionary

into the conguration command le

A Dumping on Nonfatal System Errors

The monitor can dump its memory area to a disk le when BUGCHKs and BUGINFs o ccur The

dumponBUGCHK feature helps debug the system of nonfatal continuable errors by providing

a dump le for examination

To enable the dumponBUGCHK feature you must enter the command

Enable DumpOnBugchk Facility

in the conguration command le At least one of the following commands is further required to

enable dumping of all or sp ecic BUGCHKs and BUGINFs that can b e dump ed

Enable DumpOnBugchk All Bugchks

Enable DumpOnBugchk All Buginfs

Enable DumpOnBugchk Bug bugname

With the rst two commands each BUGCHK or BUGINF is dump ed only once p er loading of the

system The third command causes a dump to b e taken each time that the sp ecied BUGCHK or

BUGINF o ccurs

If the feature is disabled the system pro duces only crash dumps asso ciated with fatal errors it

do es not pro duce anycontinuable dumps

Dumps are taken only as often as the DumpOnBugcheck timeout allows which is seconds by

default The following command overrides the timeout constraintandallowsadumptobetaken as

often as a sp ecied bug o ccurs

Enable DumpOnBugchk Bug bugname IgnoreDumpTimeout

A DISABLING THE CONSOLE TERMINAL FOR OPERATOR OUTPUT

A Disabling the Console Terminal for Op erator Output

The Enable JobCTYOutput command is in eect by default It allows the op erator to receive

messages at the console terminal ab out system resources such as when disk space is low on the

system structure or when swapping space is low

If you do not want these messages to b e displayed on the console terminal put the command

Disable JobCTYOutput

in the conguration command le

A Enabling the Access Control Program

The TOPS access control program Acj helps you govern the access to many of the systems

resources and services reduce or prevent unauthorized access to the system and investigate o ccur

rences of unauthorized access It can control scheduling classes the bias control batch background

queue logging in use of physical resources tap e drives terminals structures and enabling capa

bilities

The command to enable the Acj program is

Enable SystemAccessControlJob

See the TOPS System Managers Guide for more information on the Acj program

A Setting Console Terminal Parameters

The command Terminal can b e used to set some parameters of the terminals directly connected

to the TOAD System Only the console terminal and the auxilliary which is either disabled or

treated exactly the same as the console is directly connected so only the console can b e aected

by this command

You can sp ecify whether or not the console and auxilliary receives system messages or user mes

sages A line receives messages by default To sp ecify that the console is not to receive system or

user messages use the either or b oth of the commands that follow

Tokeep the line from receiving Send All messages messages sent via the TTMSG JSYS addressed

to all lines use

TERMINAL IGNORESYSTEMMESSAGE S

To prevent the line from receiving messages sent via the TTMSG JSYS that are addressed sp ecically

to this line use

TERMINAL IGNOREUSERMESSAGES

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

You can sp ecify that input on the console terminal is to b e ignored when the line is inactive When

input is b eing ignored and characters are typ ed no CTRLG b ell is sent as is the normal case

when characters are typ ed on an inactive line The command is

TERMINAL NOBELL

Other keywords are recognized in the TERMINAL command but they have no dened eect in the

TOAD System

A Commands not Supp orted in the TOAD System

The following commands exist in Setspd but they are not supp orted in the presentTOAD System

implementation of TOPS

A Assigning MSCPserved Disk Drives

NOTE

The facility describ ed in this section relates to CFS the Common File System whichis

not presently implemented in the TOAD System The eects of these commands in

the TOAD System is undened

MSCP Mass Storage Communication Proto col is resp onsible for granting access to MASSBUS

disks across the CI Computer Interconnect Tohave MSCP grant access to disks across the CI

use the Allow command in the following format in the conguration command le

Allow drive type serial number

type is RP RP RP RP or RP drive

where

serial number is the serial numb er of the disk drive

To determine the disk drives serial number use the Opr command

Ret OPRShow Configuration Disk

See the TOPS Operators Command Language Reference Manual for information ab out this

command

To disallow access to a served disk that was allowed access enter the following command in the

conguration command le

type serial number Restrict drive

Disks are restricted by default if you do not sp ecify Allow commands

A COMMANDS NOT SUPPORTED IN THE TOAD SYSTEM

The Dontcare command sp ecies that no co ordination is needed for the sp ecied drive

Enter the Allow command for each disk drive to b e served byMSCP The commands shown are

only examples you must determine the correct denitions for your system

ALLOW RP

ALLOW RP

A Cluster Data Gathering

Note

Clusters are releated to CFS Common File System and are not implemented in the

TOAD System

Cluster data gathering is a feature that allows systems in a cluster to easily share information from

any system in the cluster This feature enables users to obtain a Systat of the entire cluster or of a

sp ecied job on a no de in the cluster It also allows a user to obtain the system status of no des in

the cluster and to send messages to no des in a cluster

A Cluster Information

You can allow information to b e shared among no des in the cluster If you want cluster information

to b e shared you do not havetoenter any command into the conguration command le b ecause

the system default is to

ENABLE CLUSTERINFORMATION

However if you decide not to share information with a no de in the cluster you must enter the

command

DISABLE CLUSTERINFORMATION

in the conguration command le This feature is not totally turned o since Galaxy comp onents

are allowed to gather remote information at any time

A Cluster Sendalls

You can allow the lo cal no de to receive information from remote no des in the cluster This informa

tion includes class scheduling information job information and other miscellaneous information If

you want the lo cal no de to receive cluster sendalls do not enter any command in to the conguration command le b ecause the system default is to

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

ENABLE CLUSTERSENDALLS

However if you decide not to receive cluster sendalls you must enter the command

DISABLE CLUSTERSENDALLS

in the conguration command le This feature is not totally turned o since Galaxy comp onents

are allowed to p erform cluster sendalls when necessary

A The Magtap e Command

The command Magtape in DECs TOPS implementations p erforms a function analogous to

the SCSITape command The command parameters are dierent so the TOAD System has a

dierent command

A The Printer Command

The command Printer in DEC TOPS implementations p erforms various control functions on

directlyconnected printers The TOAD System has only network printers

A Running SETSPD Interactively

The Setspd program can b e run interactively by a privileged user

SETSPD Ret

Process SETSPDCMD Y or N

Ret if you want Setspd to pro cess your new conguration le Or as wedo Answer Y and

in this example answer N to interact with the program In the example bytyping we ask

Setspd what commands it recognizes Then the example go es on to give a command and exit

SETSPD Ret

Process SETSPDCMD Y or N n Ret

SETSPD one of the following

ALLOW ARCHIVETAPERECYCLEPERIOD

BATCHBACKGROUND BATCHCLASS

BIAS CHANGE

CREATE DAYLIGHT

DEFINE DISABLE

A RUNNING SETSPD INTERACTIVELY

DONTCARE ENABLE

EXIT MAGTAPE

NODE PRINTER

RESTRICT SCSITAPE

TAPERECOGNITIONERRORS TAPERECYCLEPERIOD

TERMINAL TIMEZONE

SETSPDDaylight On Ret

SETSPDexit Ret

TOED

Note

Some commands recognized by Setspd are not implemented in the TOAD System

version of TOPS Among these are commands p ertaining to CFS the Common File

Server and MSCP the Mass Storage Control Proto col

APPENDIX A CONFIGCMD COMMANDS

App endix B

OPR Commands

This app endix describ es the commands available in the Opr program The Opr program is the

general op erator interface to TOPS Queues for printing and batch pro cessing are managed

through this interface Service requests from users or from the programs they run are satised by

op erator intervention and resp onse via this program

Ab ort this command allows you to terminate a job request which is in progress on an input or

output device or in a batch stream

Ret OPRABORT keyword argument f switch g

where keyword and argument can b e one of the following

Batchstream stream number

number Printer unit

followed by zero or one of these switches

Requestid request id

Purge

Reason one or more lines of text

Errorprocessing for batchstream only

Noerrorprocessing for batchstream only

Align allows you to cause a formsalignmentletobeprinted rep eatedly on the line printer

so that you can align the forms This is not of much use for pagedescription printers

OPRALIGN PRINTER unit number lespec f switch g Ret

the switches should b e zero or more of the following

Stop

of seconds Pause number

of repeats Repeatcount number

APPENDIX B OPR COMMANDS

Backspace allows you to reprint previously output pages in the le currently printing on the line

printer

OPRBACKSPACE PRINTER unit number f switches g Ret

Copies number of copies

File

of pages Pages number

Cancel allows you to cancel any job request that is pro cessing or is waiting to b e pro cessed or

anymount request for a tap e or disk structure

OPRCANCEL keywordarguments Ret

Batchrequest f request id j user name j gf reason comment g

id j structure name g Mountrequest f request

Printerrequest f request id j user name j g

Close allows you to close the current Orion log le buer and create a new log le buer The

log le contains entries for each print job batch job and various op erator interactions

The closed log le is written to disk so that an up to date le can b e copied backed up

or printed

Ret OPRCLOSE LOG

Continue allows you to continue a job request that was temp orarily stopp ed with the Stop com

mand

OPRCONTINUE keyword Ret

Batchstream stream number

number Printer unit

Disable allows you to turn o various system pro cesses as dened by the available keywords

OPRDISABLE keyword Ret

Automaticvolumerecognition f Tapedrives j tape drive name g

Classscheduler

Fileretrievalwaits

Logging

Outputdisplay fAll j Batch j File j Mount j NCP j Printer j Userg

Queuerequests

Dismount allows you to dismount structures and tap es currently known to the system

OPRDISMOUNT keywordargument Ret

Structure structure name

drive name Tapedrive tape

Enable allows you to turn on various system facilities as dened bytheavailable keywords

OPRENABLE keyword Ret

Automaticvolumerecognition f Tapedrives j tape drive name g

Classscheduling Classassignments fAccount j Policyprogramg

Classscheduling Windfall f Allocated j Withheld g

Fileretrievalwaits

Logging

Outputdisplay fAll j Batch j File j Mount j NCP j Printer j Userg

Queuerequests

Enter allows you to enter an alternative command pro cessor for an application typ e

type Ret OPRENTER application

where application type must b e dened bythe Galgen program

Exit allows you to leave Opr command level and return to enabled Exec command level

OPREXIT Ret

Forwardspace allows you to skip pages that are currently printing on the line printer

number f switches g Ret OPRFORWARDSPACE PRINTER unit

Copies number of copies

File

of pages Pages number

Help allows you to display the function format arguments and switches of any OPR com

mand

OPRHELP keyword Ret

Hold allows you to keep particular requests in the queues from b eing pro cessed You must give

the RELEASE command to allow the held jobs to b e pro cessed

id j user name j g Ret OPRHOLD keyword f request

Batchjobs

Printerjobs

Identify allows you to identify a tap e mount to the system when either the tap e is unlab eled or

you have AutomaticVolumeRecognition disabled

Ret OPRIDENTIFY MTAn keyword

RequestID request id

Scratch

VolumeID volume name

Mo dify allows you to change the priority of a job request waiting in a queue for pro cessing The

higher the prioritynumb er the so oner the job will b e pro cessed

OPRMODIFY keyword f request id j user name j gfpriority g Ret

Batchrequest

Printerrequest

APPENDIX B OPR COMMANDS

Push allows you to leave Opr command level and enter a new TOPS Exec command

level You must givetheExecs POP command to return to Opr command level

OPRPUSH Ret

Release allows you to release a job request that was held with the Hold command

OPRRELEASE keyword f request id j user name j g Ret

Batchjobs

Printerjobs

Rep ort allows you to make journal entries into the system error le

OPRREPORT message Ret

Requeue allows you to stop an in progress job request put it back in the queue in a hold state

and cancel the request in progress You must givethe Release command to activate the

job request after it has b een requeued

Ret OPRREQUEUE keywordargument f REASON comment g

Batchstream stream number

number f Beginning j File j Job j Current g Printer unit

Resp ond allows you to reply to any message that was senttoyou via WTOR Write To Op erator

with Resp onse from a user

OPRRESPOND message number response Ret

Send allows you to send single or multipleline messages to destinations as dened by the

available keywords

Ret OPRSEND keyword message

All

Batchstream number

Job number

Operator

Terminal number

Set allows you to set various system parameters for the system devices as dened bytheavail

able keywords The parameters are the arguments to the keywords Fuller descriptions

are available via help set

OPRSET keywordargument f switches g Ret

Batchstream stream number

Batchstream range

Diskdrive Channel n Drive n

number Job job

Online

Printer device number

Printer range

Scheduler

Structure structure name

Tapedrive tape drive name

Terminal

Show allows you to displayvarious typ es of information as dened by the available keywords

Ret OPRSHOW keywordargument f switch g

Controlfile Batchstream n f Linesm g

Messages

Operators

Parameters f Batch j Printer g

Queues f All j Batch j Mount j Printer j Retrieval g

Routetable

Scheduler

Status f Batch j Disk j Printer j Tapedrive g

Time

Shutdown allows you to terminate the scheduling of job requests for the devices you sp ecifyas

dened bytheavailable keywords

OPRSHUTDOWN keywordargument Ret

Batchstream stream number

Printer unit number

Start allows you to start up automatic scheduling of job requests through the devices you

sp ecifyasdenedbytheavailable keywords

Ret OPRSTART keywordargument

Batchstream stream number

Printer unit number

Stop allows you to temp orarily stop any device as dened bytheavailable keywords You

must give the CONTINUE command to resume the pro cessing of job requests through the

device

OPRSTOP keywordargument Ret

Batchstream stream number

Printer unit number

Suppress allows you to suppress the carriage control on the line printer All lines are singlespaced

Blank lines and form feeds are ignored

number f FILE j JOB j STOP g Ret OPRSUPPRESS PRINTER unit

Switch allows you to switch a mount request that is using a tap e volume to a new volume on

another tap e drive This command should b e used only when a user program wishes to

switchvolumes without issuing another tap e mount request

OPRSWITCH request id vol id tape drive Ret

APPENDIX B OPR COMMANDS

Take allows you to execute a series of OPR commands from a sp ecied command le

OPRTAKE lespec f DISPLAY j NODISPLAY g Ret

App endix C

CheckD Commands

The CheckD program is used for a varietyofbookkeeping chores related to the maintenance of

TOPS le systems This annotated listing of the command set oers some indications of how the

commands are actually used to maintain and change the conguration of the le storage system

Check the bit table or the directories on a disk structure The check bit table function can

b e p erformed only for a structure that is mounted for the exclusive use of CheckD

Thus the b o ot structure and the login structure cannot have their bit tables checked

during timesharing

Tocheck the bit table of the b o ot structure answer the Run CheckD question at

system startup with yes Note that when CheckD is run in this wayitmust

complete successfully in order for the system to come up in regular op eration If

CheckD fails for the b o ot structure the system will prohibit any allo cation or

deallo cation of disk space on the b o ot structure and it will allow login only on the

console terminal CheckD can b e run with the system in standalone op eration in

the hop es that the underlying cause of the failure can b e discovered and repaired

Tocheck the login structure bring the system up in standalone mo de as describ ed

in Section and run CheckD

You can checkany structure including the b o ot structure when the system is stand

alone However if you cho ose to check the b o ot structure while the system is stand

alone please make sure that system background activities batch printer sp o oling

etc are quiescent b efore and during the check

name Ret CheckDCheck bittable structure

This command directs CheckD to scan the directories and les of the selected struc

ture building an internal version of the structures bit table Correct the system bit

table where les o ccupy pages that are marked as unused Write the lost pages le

containing the pages that are marked as used in the system bit table but whichare

not o ccupied byany le See the Release command

name Ret CheckDCheck directory structure

Scan the directories of the selected structure rebuilding any which need to b e cor rected

APPENDIX C CHECKD COMMANDS

Congure p ermits the user to change the setting of particular CheckD variables These vari

ables control dierent asp ects of CheckDs function The value of these variables

can b e displayed with the show configuration command

CheckDConfigure feature f on j offg Ret

where feature is one of the following

batblockdelete allows entries to b e deleted as well as added in BATedit

mo de Otherwise entries may only b e added

eccerrormarking causes pages containing correctable ECC errors discovered

during a verify op eration to b e added to the BAT blo ck Otherwise a correctable

ECC error p ermits the page to remain in use

softerrormarking causes o ccurrence of a soft error during a verify op eration

to result in the page b eing marked in the BAT blo ck Otherwise soft errors

those that do not recur on retrying the op eration leave no track

Create a new le structure This command enters a dialog with the user prompting for

the structure alias the numb er of units in the structure the channel controller and

unit numb ers for each of the units in the new structure the amountofswap space

to allo cate and the owners name After it has all the information this command

attempts to create the structure

Only units that are not part of a currently mounted structure may b e selected as part

of the new structure In a multiunit structure all units must b e of compatible sizes

If the structure is to b e b o otable it must haveswapping space allo cated on it Struc

tures intended only for customer data storage ie not system data storage should

b e dened with zero swapping space If the structure is dened to haveswapping

space CheckD will also ask if the structure is to b e used for autob o ot There

should b e exactly one autob o ot structure for each system

The owners name is recorded in the new structures home blo cks but it otherwise

serves no purp ose this eld defaults to the user name of the p erson running CheckD

structure name Ret CheckDCreate new

Dene changes prop erties of a mounted structure Suchchanges p ersist despite subsequent

dismounts and remounts of the structure but changes are not eectiveuntil the next

time the structure is mounted See the Set command to make an immediate change

The keyword no can precede other keywords to negate their sense

name fno jg keyword Ret CheckDDefine structure

Automaticstartup system serial number

denes or removes the numb er of the system to b e b o oted from this structure

When setting a system serial numb er if the serial numb er is omitted from the

command CheckD will use the serial numb er of the current system The no

automatic option do es not require a serial number

bootparameters and one or b oth of the following

readparameters

If set directs the TDBoot program to use these parameters

haltondumperrors

If b oth this ag and ReadParameters are set TDBoot will not reb o ot the

system unless the memory dump of a crashed system can b e completed

datacache

causes the system to use the XRH write data cache for this structure

donotcare

allows the system to mount this structure even if an unknown system has a

direct access path to it Otherwise the system will not mount a structure if it

canbeaccessedbyanunknown system

largedirectories

enables disables the use of large directories on this structure A large directory

holds more les than a limited directory

loginstructure system serial number

enables disables the use of the selected structure as a login structure by the

sp ecied system

name newname

changes the physical name of the selected structure to newnameTheno option

is not applicable in this command

passwordencryption

enables disables the encryption of passwords on the selected structure This

command aects the way that new passwords are stored subsequently Any

passwords already set on directories are left as they were

writeverification

requires one or b oth of the following

data causes readafterwrite verication for the le p ortion of the selected

structure

swapping causes readafterwrite verication for swapping op erations on

the selected structure

Dismount the selected structure or unit

CheckDDismount fstructure name j unit number triple g Ret

Edit switches to BATedit mo de the Bad disk Address Table editor whichhasitsown

prompt and its own set of commands For details use the help command from within

BATedit Usually verify is p erformed b efore entering BATedit

CheckDEdit structure name Ret

Exit stops the CheckD program

FileDDT invokes a binaryle editor allowing the op erator to make arbitrary changes to a le

This is a convenience to allowquicker repairs to b e made when the le system needs

manual repair

Help oers help with the syntax of the commands Help with the sematics is b eyond the

scop e of the command

Mount a selected le structure or a disk unit so that it is a part of the accessible le system

CheckDMount fstructure name j unit number triple g Ret

APPENDIX C CHECKD COMMANDS

Push invokes a command interpreter ie the Exec To get backinto CheckDtheExec

command is pop

Read reads structure or unit information from sp ecial regions of the disk Data is read

from the sp ecied unit or from all units of the sp ecied structure and translated to

humanreadable form

CheckDRead fstructure name j unit number triple g keyword Ret

batblock

Read and printtheBAT Bad disk Address Table information for the sp ecied

structure or unit Anyofprimary the default secondaryor both can follow

to identify which of the BAT blo cks to read

homeblock

Read and print the Home blo ck information for the sp ecied structure or unit

Anyofprimary the default secondaryor both can follow to identify which

home blo ck to read

portdatablock

Read and print the contents of the Port Data blo ck a region of a disk unit that

records how CFS systems can access this unit

zonepage

Read and print the contents of the units Zone page This information describ es

the geometry of the disk drive

Rebuild the bit table of the selected structure The bit table is reinitialized and then the disk

is scanned to identify which pages are o ccupied The resulting bit table is written to

replace the former bit table of this structure

CheckDRebuild structure name Ret

Reconstruct either the index table using the MSTR JSYS or the ro ot directoryby copying the

backup copy of this directory and then reinitializing the bit table

name Ret CheckDReconstruct findextable j rootdirectoryg structure

Release the pages sp ecied in the lostpages le Lost pages are those marked as o ccupied

in the structures bit table but which are not actually used byany le This com

mand allows the system to regain the use of these pages Following the command

the lostpages le is deleted The lostpages le is created bythe check bittable

command When CheckD is run during system startup the lostpages le is put in

the BSOPERATOR directory

pages le name structure name Ret CheckDRelease lost

Scan reads a list of disk page numb ers from the given le Then it scans the les of the

selected structure to identify which les contain the listed pages

Sample uses include determining which les claim any page previously identied as

being multiply assigned and nding which les contain pages marked as bad in the

BATblocks

name structure name Ret CheckDScan le

Set prop erties of a mounted structure In contrast to the Define command Set changes

the prop erties immediately but do es not change them p ermanently

CheckDSet fstructure name j unit number triple gfno jg keyword Ret

dismountinprogress

Set or clear the dismount in progress state While a structure is marked

dismount in progress any request to increment the structure mountcount

will b e denied

domestic

Set or clear domestic status of structure

regulated

Set clear regulation for this structure A regulated structure cannot b e ac

cessed until the job accessing the structure has incremented the structures

mount count

Show information ab out the program or the disk structures

show configuration

Display the state of program variables the ones that are changed with the

configure command

show permanent structure

Display the state of p ermanent structure variables the ones that are changed

with the define command

show status structure

Display the status of a mounted structure The display includes the status of

the variables that are changed with the set command

show status

Display the status of all disk units in the system

show status channel control ler unit

Display the status of the selected disk unit

Verify readability of all pages of the selected structure or of the swapping region only

Every page is read If an error results from the read op eration the disk address

of the aected page is rep orted and recorded in the BAT blo cks After the scan

CheckD will enter the BATedit command mo de

name Ret CheckDVerify ffilesystem j swappingg structure

APPENDIX C CHECKD COMMANDS

App endix D

TOPS Start Up Op erations

This app endix do cuments the general order in which TOPS initializes itself and system services

The second section describ es system variables that control various facilities

D TOPS Initialization

Initialize system memory establish memory maps the CSTs the other sections needed for the

op erating system

Lo cate and mount the system structure TOPS uses very nearly the same pro cedure for

lo cating the system structure as TDBoot uses to select the b o ot structure The dierence is

that TOPS requires that the system structure haveswapping space Thus this structure

is generally known as the b o ot structure

Call SLNINI to initialize system logical names according to the following table Where the

name bs app ears in the following list TOPS replaces it with the actual name of the b o ot

structure

SYS bsSUBSYS

HLP SYS

SYSTEM bsNEWSYSTEMbsSYSTEM

EDITOR SYSEDITEXE

ACCOUNT bsACCOUNTS

DEFAULTEXEC SYSTEMEXECEXE

PS bs

POBOX PS

BS bs

SPOOL bsSPOOL

SERR bsSYSTEMERROR

Note if subsequently a login structure is mounted the logical name PS is redened to b e

the name of the login structure

Call GETNAM to pro cess SYSTEMMONNAMTXT

APPENDIX D TOPS START UP OPERATIONS

Call SERINI to initialize SERRERRORSYS

Call MNTINI to read the le SYSTEMINTERNETADDRESS and initialize the multinet device

MNTINI also reads SYSTEMHOSTSTXT unless the debugging ag DBUGSW contains the

value or more in which case MNTINI reads SYSTEMHOSTSDEBUG instead

Call INTINI to read SYSTEMINTERNETGATEWAYS and initialize pro cessing of Internet Proto col

IP

TOPS then runs SYSTEMn SETSPDEXE to pro cess conguration commands in the le

SYSTEMn CONFIGCMDThevalue n is based on the TOPS monitors version numb er

Call GETNAM to pro cess SYSTEMMONNAMTXT again in case some logical names havechanged

since the rst time GETNAM was run

TOPS then runs SYSTEMTIMEEXE which attempts to read the current time from the

network If the Time program cannot nd the current time from a network server the system

will prompt to request manual entry of the date and time

Call ENACT to enable the verication of account strings ENACT reads or creates the le of

valid account strings BSSYSTEMACCOUNTSTABLEBIN

Unless the debugging ag is set ie when DBUGSW contains a value less than ask the

question Why Reload Record the resp onse in the error log

Unless the debugging ag is set ie when DBUGSW contains a value less than ask the

SYSTEMCHECKDEXE and check question Run CheckD If the resp onse is armative run

the bit table of the b o ot structure

If Setspd enables a login structure and if DBUGSW has a value less call FNDLGS to

lo cate and mount the login structure If a login structure is mounted successfully redene the

logical name PS to b e the name of the login structure

Start the CHKR fork The initial fork continues as the DDMP fork The CHKR fork will

then

Op en BSSYSTEMERRORREPORT for CHKR fork output

Call USGINI to make the systems binary accounting detail le ready for use if the le

ACCOUNTSYSTEMDATABIN exists it will b e p ositioned so that the system can app end

new records to it otherwise it will b e created USGINI adds the system reload record to

the accounting details USGINI also will read or create ACCOUNTCHECKPOINTBIN

Run SYSTEMn SETSPDEXE again If DBUGSW contains a value that is less than Set

spd will pro cess BSSYSTEMDUMPEXE The protection of DUMPEXE will b e set to

and it will b e copied to DMPDUMPCPYP If the logical name DMP is NULno

copy will b e made If DMP is undened the copyismadetoBSSYSTEMDUMPCPYP

Run SYSTEMn SYSJOBEXE Sysjob will pro cess the le SYSTEMn SYSJOBRUN unless

DBUGSW contains a value greater than or equal to in which case Sysjob pro cesses

SYSTEMn SYSJOBDEBUG In the usual case Sysjob will start v arious system services

and enable other terminals to log in

Setspd mayinvent a dierent name for the dump copy le based on the name of the latest BUGHLT and the

edit numb er of the monitor

D TOPS SYSTEM VARIABLES

Pro ceed with normal CHKR duties

Fork b ecomes the DDMP fork

D TOPS System Variables

The following system variables aect the overall b ehavior of TOPS These can b e changed by

patching BSSYSTEMMONITREXE and reb o oting or they can b e changed at b o ot time byentering

KDDT b efore the system starts see Section

DBUGSW Normal

Keep KDDT lo cked down ie present in memory Breakp ointon

BUGHLT Dont release fork lo ck after timeout Do not takeswap space

low action

 Enable ARP debugging Allow homeblo ck rewrite when not refresh

ing lesystem via the start dialogue Dont mount the login struc

ture Dont ask ab out running CheckDReadHOSTSDEBUG instead of

HOSTSTXTRead nSYSJOBDEBUG instead of nSYSJOBRUNWrite enable

the monitor p ermit inserting breakp oints CHECKD can work on BS or

PS bit table after startup

 Use monitor creation date for current system time

DCHKSW Break on BUGCHK if KDDT is present

DINFSW Break on BUGINF if KDDT is present

DINISW Break just b efore and just after calling PGRINI

EDDTF Keep KDDT lo cked down present in memory

SMLKF Keep the swappable monitor lo cked in memory

WEFLAG Write enable the monitor

DBUGIP Turn on networks if DBUGSW 

Turn on networks if DBUGSW 

Turn on networks always default

Use FilDDT to patch the monitor Do not use Get and Save see Section page

APPENDIX D TOPS START UP OPERATIONS

App endix E

Generating a Tailored Batch and

Sp o oling System

This app endix describ es how to generate a TOPS batch and sp o oling Galaxy system sp eci

cally tailored for your installation To do this you must have already installed a standard Release

Galaxy system The standard Galaxy system is satisfactory for most sites However you can

use the steps in this app endix if you need to generate a Galaxy system having dierent parameters

from the standard one

Note

While the steps in generating a tailored Release Galaxy system can b e used with

timesharing users logged in the critical phase of stopping the standard Release system

and starting up your tailored one Section E and Section E should for safety reasons

b e p erformed on a standalone system The queues need not b e emptyhowever as long

as a Release as opp osed to Release or earlier Galaxy system is already running

The following paragraphs summarize the pro cedure for generating and starting up a new Galaxy

system

If necessary run the Dumper program to restore the Galaxy source les to disk In addition

to the source co de the les include a sp ecial batchcontrol le called GALAXYCTL

Run the Galgen program to create a le containing the new Galaxy system parameters

The name of the parameter le is GALCNFMAC

Submit the control le GALAXYCTL to your currently running batch system The batchjob

that is created by GALAXYCTL reads the parameter le created by Galgen it generates a new

set of Galaxy les of typ e EXE in a build area The batch job creates a log le which should

be saved for reference

Stop all comp onents of the currently running Galaxy system Quasar Lptspl etc

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

Copy all the old Galaxy les from their current area usually SYSTEMtosomeotherarea

Copy all the new Galaxy les from the build area to SYSTEM

Start up the comp onents of the new Galaxy system

Delete the EXE les of the old Galaxy system when the new batch system is op erating

correctlyIfyou want to b e cautious you can save the old EXE les on tap e or in a backup

directory

You may delete the Galaxy source les However if your installation can spare the disk

space it is more convenient to leave the sources on disk That wayifanycodepatches must

b e made to the batch system you have the sources readily available Otherwise you haveto

restore the sources from the software tap e if patching is required

Note

The pro cedures describ ed b elow assume that you have a Release Galaxy system

currently running These pro cedures can b e carried out during normal timesharing

The steps in this app endix assume that you are using the console terminal CTY

You must b e a privileged user Log in and enable Wheel or Op erator privileges to p erform these

pro cedures

E Restoring the GALAXY Source Files

The Galaxy source les are normally provided to you in the directory SRCGALAXY related

information is supplied in the directoried SRCGALAXYBUILD and SRCGALAXYRUNTIME

If the les are there you need not restore them from tap e skip to Section E Otherwise you

will have to restore the les from the Ship tap e that was delivered with your system

To restore the Galaxy source les you must build the necessary directories mount the Ship tap e

and run the Dumper program Perform the op erations describ ed in this section to restore the

Galaxy les

E Restoring the Galaxy Sources

Note

The examples in this section use MTA as the tap e drive However you can assign and

use any tap e drive that is available to you MTA is not required Be sure to substitute

the name of the tap e drive that you assigned wherever MTA app ears in this app endix

E RESTORING THE GALAXY SOURCE FILES

Obtain a tap e drivebyfollowing the pro cedure describ ed in Section

Create directories to hold the Galaxy source les Although you can give the directories anyname

it will b e easiest to use the names SRCGALAXY SRCGALAXYBUILD and SRCGALAXYRUNTIME

b ecause these are the names of the directories on tap e If the directories SRC and SRC do not

already exist they must b e built also

Decide which structure you want to build the directories on and connect to any directory eg

OPERATOR on that structure By b eing connected to the target structure you do not have to give

the structure name explicitly in the Build commands that follow

If it do es not already exist build the directory SRC

Build SRC Ret

The system displays either New if the directory do es not already exist or Old if the directory

exists The sub command prompt follows

If the system displays Old typ e CTRLC to stop the build pro cess the directory already exists

Otherwise create it It is a lesonly directory but it do es not require any other parameters Typ e

the sub command Files and an empty sub command line to nish the Build command

Ret Build SRC

New

files Ret

Ret

Build the directory SRC if it do es not already exist

Ret Build SRC

The system displays either New if the directory do es not already exist or Old if the directory

exists The sub command prompt follows

If the system displays Old typ e CTRLC to stop the build pro cess the directory already exists

Otherwise create it Typ e the sub command Preserve and an empty sub command line to nish

the Build command

Build SRC Ret

New

preserve Ret

Ret

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

The Preserve sub command allows the sub directory to b e created without regard for the sup erior

directorys disk quota or sub directory quota

If it do es not already exist build the directory SRCGALAXY

Build SRCGALAXY Ret

The system displays either New if the directory do es not already exist or Old if the directory

exists The sub command prompt follows

If the system displays Old typ e CTRLC to stop the build pro cess the directory already exists

Otherwise create it Typ e the indicated sub commands to give an allo cation of disk space to the

new directoryTyp e Ret on an empty sub command line to nish the Build command

Build SRCGALAXY Ret

New

preserve Ret

Working Ret

Permanent Ret

Ret

Follow the example to assign storage space and to end the Build pro cedure

Build the directory SRCGALAXYBUILD if it do es not already exist

Build SRCGALAXYBUILD Ret

The system displays either New if the directory do es not already exist or Old if the directory

exists The sub command prompt follows

If the system displays Old typ e CTRLC to stop the build pro cess the directory already exists

Otherwise create it Typ e the indicated sub commands to give an allo cation of disk space to the

Ret on an empty sub command line to nish the Build command new directoryTyp e

Build SRCGALAXYBUILD Ret

New

Ret preserve

Working Ret

Permanent Ret

Ret

E RESTORING THE GALAXY SOURCE FILES

If it do es not already exist build the directory SRCGALAXYRUNTIME

Build SRCGALAXYRUNTIME Ret

The system displays either New if the directory do es not already exist or Old if the directory

exists The sub command prompt follows

If the system displays Old typ e CTRLC to stop the build pro cess the directory already exists

Otherwise create it Typ e the indicated sub commands to give an allo cation of disk space to the

new directoryTyp e Ret on an empty sub command line to nish the Build command

Ret Build SRCGALAXYRUNTIME

New

preserve Ret

Working Ret

Permanent Ret

Ret

To restore the Galaxy les from tap e mount the Ship tap e on the tap e driveyou assigned Be sure

the drive is on line In the command examples that follow we assume that you are using MTA

If that is not your situation substitute the device name of the tap e that you are using wherever

MTA app ears b elow

Skip the rst ve les on the Ship tap e Perform the following commands

Ret Rewind MTA

Set Tape Format High Ret

Copy MTAMTAMTAMTAMTA NUL Ret Copy ve les to NUL

You must run the Dumper program to restore the Galaxy source les from tap e To run this

program typ e DumperTheDumper program prints the Dumper prompt

Ret Dumper

DUMPER

Tell the Dumper program which tap e driveyou are using tell it to use the systemdefault account

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

DUMPERTape MTA Ret

DUMPERAccount systemdefault Ret

DUMPER

To restore the Galaxy sources typ e the Restore command shown b elow If you are restoring to

a structure other than PS use the name of that structure where PS app ears in the Restore

command that follows

DUMPERRestore DSKSRCGALAXY PS Ret

Saveset SHIP BOOT TAPE Mar

Loading files into PSSRCGALAXY

Loading files into PSSRCGALAXYBUILD

Loading files into PSSRCGALAXYRUNTIME

End of Tape

Total files restored n

Total pages restored n

DUMPER

The Dumper prints a message identifying the saveset Then you mayhavetowaittominutes

while Dumper skips various les on the tap e b efore coming to the Galaxy sources When Dumper

comes to the end of the saveset it prints the numb er of les and pages restored then it prompts

again

Error If Dumper do es not print a message identifying the saveset as SHIP BOOT TAPE the

tap e is not p ositioned at the correct saveset If not already at the DUMPER prompt typ e

CTRLE and givetheAbort command to stop Dumper Givethe Rewind command to

Dumper exit from Dumper Again rep osition the tap e by using the Copy command

If the message Loading files into PSSRCGALAXY do es not app ear no les were

restored from tap e While Dumper is running you maytyp e CTRLA to make it rep ort

on its progress Be sure that the correct tap e is mounted on the tap e driveyou have

assigned to your job Then exit from Dumper Begin again at the start of this subsection

If errors p ersist the tap e maybebad

Once the les have b een restored from tap e stop the Dumper program To do so follow the example

to rewind the tap e and exit from DumperTheExec prints its enabled prompt

DUMPERRewind Ret

DUMPERExit Ret

To unload the tap e from the tap e drive typ e the Exec command

E RESTORING THE GALAXY SOURCE FILES

Unload MTA Ret

The tap e drive unloads the tap e onto the source reel

You can nowremove the Ship tap e from the tap e drive

After you unload the tap e from the drive return the tap e drive to the p o ol of available resources by

following the pro cedure describ ed in Section page

E Verify

Toverify that you have restored all the source les for Galaxy typ e the command

Information diskusage SRCGALAXY Ret

The system prints information ab out the amount of disk space used by the directory

Information DiskUsage SRCGALAXY Ret

PSSRCGALAXY

Pages assigned

Working pages Permanent pages allowed

SHIPSRCGALAXYBUILD

Pages assigned

Working pages Permanent pages allowed

SHIPSRCGALAXYRUNTIME

Pages assigned

Working pages Permanent pages allowed

Total of Pages assigned in directories

Pages free on SHIP pages used

Note

If you restored the Galaxy saveset to another directory use that directory name in the

Information DiskUsage command

If the numb er of pages assigned do es not approximately match the number shown ab ove you may

not have restored all the les necessary for creating a Galaxy system Check to b e sure you used

the correct tap e then b egin again at Section E

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

E Running the GALGEN Program

Run the Galgen program to create the Galaxy conguration le PSBUILDGALCNFMACwhich

will contain the parameters describing the tailored Galaxy system you are building

Be sure you run Galgen Version which is the latest version

Connect to the build area

Connect SrcGalaxyBuild Ret

Typ e Galgen and press Ret TheGalgen program resp onds by giving its name and version

numb er it then prints several paragraphs of information

Ret Galgen

Galgen Version

Starting Galaxy Generation Procedure for TOPS System

Writing Galaxy Configuration File PSSRCGALAXYBUILDGALCNFMAC

In the following dialog all questions are of the form

text of question list or range of answers default answer

The line starts with the actual text of the question Following

the question is a description of the possible answers enclosed in

parentheses This description might be a range of numbers a

list of keywords or a textual description Following this

description is the default answer enclosed in square brackets

The default will be assumed if you only press the RETURN key

You have the choice of carrying on a LONG dialog in which an

explanation of each question is provided automaticallyora

SHORT dialog in which it is assumed that you are familiar with

the Galaxy generation procedure In either case you can always

obtain the help text by typing a question mark in response to

any question

Answer the following question with either LONG for a long

dialog or SHORT for a short one Simply pressing the RETURN

key implies SHORT

Dialog Length SHORTLONGSHORT

E RUNNING THE GALGEN PROGRAM

You have the option of a long dialogue in which Galgen explains the choices it oers you or a

short one in which only the choices themselves are displayed If you are an exp erienced user of

Galgenyou maywant the short dialogue which is faster in this case press the Ret key and

skip ahead

To request the long dialogue with Galgentyp e LONG and press the Ret key Galgen resp onds

with some information then it asks the rst question ab out Galgen parameters

Ret Dialog Length SHORTLONG SHORT LONG

Administrative Controls and Parameters

The questions in this section determine absolute Galaxy

parameters which cannot be overridden by user or operator

commands

The system logs all operator interactions in a disk file in the

spooling area Your answer to the following question specifies

the name to be used for this file

Operator log filename Characters OPERATORSYSTEM

Answer the questions in the Galgen dialogue

Galgen presents a series of questions one at a time for you to answer If you asked for a long

dialogue an explanation of each question is included Otherwise you will see only the questions

the range of choices and the default answers Default answers are shown in brackets This

Ret key value the default is used if you answer the question by pressing the

Press the Ret key when you want the default answer shown in brackets and are ready to see the

next question in the Galgen dialogue Otherwise typ e your answer and then press the Ret key

to see the next question

In the sample dialogue b elow the default answer is taken for most questions except the last question

in the dialogue

Note

You must supply the correct values for your own system

The following is what you would see if you requested the long dialogue

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

Operator log filename Characters OPERATORSYSTEM Ret

Users can specify a priority for their batch and spooling

requests with the PRIORITY switch The allowable values on this

parameter range between representing lowest priority and

representing the highest The following two questions relate

to this switch The first question requests the maximum priority

which may be specified by a nonprivilegeduser

Ret Maximum priority nonprivileged users may specify

You may specify the value to be used if the user does not specify

a PRIORITY switch This value must be between and the maximum

that you specified in the previous question

Ret Default for PRIORITY on batch and spooling requests

This value is to control the number of objects printers batch

streams etc that can be controlled by a single command in OPR

This value should be at least the maximum number of objects of a

single type you may have The value must be at least

Maximum number of objects that can be controlled with one command Ret

Specify the highest number that a batch stream can be on the

system The value must be greater than zero and less than or

equal to

Ret Highest number a batch stream can be on the system

The priority of a process and the permissable range of queues it

may run in is determined by the scheduler priority control word

A system process gets a higher priority than all user jobs and

gets as much time as is necessary for execution

Do you wish QUASAR to run as a system processYESNO YES Ret

Do you wish ORION to run as a system processYESNO YES Ret

Do you wish NEBULA to run as a system processYESNO YES No Ret

Do you wish BATCON to run as a system processYESNO YES Ret

Do you wish LPTSPL to run as a system processYESNO YES Ret

The following parameter determines whether CLUSTER Galaxy should

be ENABLEd or DISABLEd at Galaxy startup The default is YES

Ret Do you want to ENABLE CLUSTER Galaxy at Galaxy start upYESNO YES

The following parameters allow a user with SEMIOPR privilege to

be able to control certain devices

Ret Do you want SEMIOPR to be able to control the printersYESNO YES

E RUNNING THE GALGEN PROGRAM

Do you want SEMIOPR to be able to control the plottersYESNOYES Ret

Do you want SEMIOPR to be able to control the card readersYESNOYES Ret

Do you want SEMIOPR to be able to control the card punchYESNO YES Ret

Do you want SEMIOPR to be able to control the paper tape punchYESNO YES Ret

Do you want SEMIOPR to be able to control the tape drivesYESNO YES Ret

Applications

The following section establishes parameters for applications

supported by GALAXY for example NCP These applications will

be accessible through OPR the operator interface

You can enable applications through your answers to the following

questions

Will you be running applicationsYESNO YES NO Ret

Each application must be associated with an application table

name for example NCPTAB

Application name or carriage return to exit characters NCP Ret

Table name for NCP characters NCPTAB Ret

Is there an internal ORION application for this applicationYESNO NO Ret

Application name or carriage return to exit characters LCP Ret

Table name for NCP characters LCPTAB Ret

Is there an internal ORION application for this applicationYESNO NO yes Ret

Application module name characters LCPORN Ret

Application name or carriage return to exit characters Ret

Note

If you are running applications supp orted by Galaxy see the appropriate do cumenta

tion to determine the application table names

Batch Job Defaults

The questions in this section are used to define default values

for the various options that a user can specify when submitting a batch job

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

The batch user can specify a maximum runtime for his batch job

using the TIME switch If he does not specify this switch the

following default will be used

Default batch job runtime limit seconds Ret

Every batch job has maximum limits for each type of spooled

output These limits can be set by the batch user with

appropriate switches to the SUBMIT command If the user doesnt

specify these switches the following defaults will be used

Line printer output limit pages Ret

Card punch output limit cards Ret

Paper tape punch output limit feet Ret

Plotter output limit minutes Ret

The user can specify whether or not the batch log file should be

printed after the job terminates by using the OUTPUT switch to

the SUBMIT command The action is specified by LOG to always

print the log file NOLOG to never print the log file and ERROR

to print the log file only if the job ended with an unhandled

error If the user doesnt specify this switch the following

value will be used

Ret Default for batch SUBMITOUTPUT LOGNOLOGERROR LOG

Line Printer Defaults and Parameters

The questions in this section are used to set default values for

the line printer spooler

Job banner pages printed at the beginning of each print request

The users name and any NOTE value is printed on them

Number of job banner pages Ret

Job trailer pages are printed at the end of each print request

The users name and any spooler checkpoint information is printed

on them

Number of job trailer pages Ret

File header pages are printed before each file or copy in each

print request The file name is printed in BOLD letters on each header page

E RUNNING THE GALGEN PROGRAM

Number of file header pages Ret

The user can specify a special form for a print request with the

FORMS switch If this switch is not specified the following

default will be used

Ret Name for standard output forms Characters NORMAL

The number of characters that uniquely identify a form is

compared with the current form name to determine if a forms

change is required for a specific user request

Number of characters which uniquely identifies form Ret

Cluster LPTSPL requires a directory that must be shared between

all the systems in the cluster that send print requests to a

Cluster LPTSPL The default logical name is LPTXFR

Cluster LPTSPL shared directory logical name characters

LPTXFR Ret

Cluster printers require the LISSPL server to be running on the

node where the actual physical printer is located LISSPL has

server forks that pick up the print request from remote nodes

The default number of server forks is

Ret Number of LISSPL server forks

Tape Label Action

The system administrator can allow nonprivileged users to bypass

label processing

Allow bypassing for nonprivileged usersYESNONO Ret

NEBULA Cluster GALAXY message router options

The NEBULA ACKACK RESPONSE message option ensures that NEBULA

actually has DECnet communication with nodes that believes it has

communication with by sending an ACK message every minutes to

each node If an ACK RESPONSE message is not received from a

node after minutes then NEBULA assumes that it no longer has

communication with that node This covers the case where the NI

of a remote node is reloaded In this case the local NEBULA is

not interrupted so it assumes that it still has communication

The TOAD System do es not supp ort Lisspl

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

with the remote node when in fact it does not

Do you want NEBULA ACKRESPONSE ACK messages enabledYESNONO Ret

Miscellaneous Defaults and Parameters

The questions in this section refer to general GALAXY parameters

The following section establishes default bias and disk page to

spooler unit conversion factors

Ret Do you want the standard limit computationYESNO YES

The default action to be taken when output exceeds the specified

limit for an output spooler may be to ABORT the job and ignore

all remaining output ASK the operator what to do or PROCEED to

finish processing the job

Ret Default outputlimitexceeded actionABORTASKPROCEED ASK Abort

End of Galgen Dialog

E Assembling the New GALAXY System

In the last step you completed the Galgen program which pro duced the Galaxy parameter le

GALCNFMAC This le contains your choice of options for a tailored batch and sp o oling system To

create this batch and sp o oling system you must submit the Galaxy control le GALAXYCTLto

your present batch system GALAXYCTL reads GALCNFMAC and generates the les and programs for

a tailored Galaxy system

While still connected to the directory SRCGALAXYBUILD p erform the command

Take BatchCmd Ret

This command establishes a set of logical names through which the sources for the Galaxy system

can b e found Then to start the assembly pro cess submit the GALAXYCTL le to the batchqueue

After you submit the batch job the system prints a message giving the job name the request ID

and the time limit of the batch job

Submit GALAXYCTLTimeRestartable Ret

Batch job GALAXY queued request limit

SJ

SJ BatchStream Started

E ASSEMBLING THE NEW GALAXY SYSTEM

SJ

SJ BatchStream Started

SJ

SJ BatchStream Started

SJ OPR

SJ BatchStream Begin

SJ Job GALAXY Req for OPERATOR

Error If the le GALAXYCTL cannot b e found it may b e b ecause you neglected to Take BatchCmd Ret

If so do the Take now resubmit the batch request

While the Galaxy system assembly pro ceeds this may take an hour the system prints messages

for each successful assembly it completes The messages are similar to the following example

SJ OPR

SJ BatchStream JOB Message from Batch User

SJ Job PLEASE Req for OPERATOR

SJ PLEASE PLEASE Assembly Successful

SJ OPR

SJ BatchStream End

SJ Job PLEASE Req for OPERATOR

SJ OPR

SJ BatchStream Begin

SJ Job LPTSPL Req for OPERATOR

Note

If an assembly is unsuccessful examine the appropriate LOG le to see if you can nd

the problem If you can correct it whichmightinvolve editing the control le delete

the LOG le and resubmit the sp ecied CTL le If you are unable to determine what

caused the failure consult your systems programmer or software sp ecialist

Once the assembly completes you can run the new batch system However b efore you pro ceed to

shut down the old Galaxy system you should checktheLOG les to b e sure that no problems

arose during batch system generation It is conceivable that a typ e warning error o ccurred Such

an error might not cause pro cessing of GALAXYCTL to b e unsuccessful but it could create problems

later when you attempt to use the new batch system Therefore it is imp ortantthatyou correct

any problems now while you are still running the old batch system

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

E Shutting Down the Old GALAXY System

Once you havechecked the LOG les to b e sure that no errors o ccurred during the build pro cedure

you are ready to stop all old Galaxy programs and start the new ones Perform the following steps

to do so

Note

During the steps in this section it is imp ortant NOT to have timesharing users logged

in to the system as their jobs could initiate batch or sp o oling requests during the critical

p erio d of changeover However it is acceptable for requests to b e present in the queues

at the time you shutdown each Galaxy ob ject as long as the old Galaxy system is a

Release system

Return to the Opr program so you can stop the old Galaxy ob jects

Ret OPR

OPR

To determine which Galaxy ob jects are in use give the Show Status command The Opr

program resp onds with a list of Galaxy ob jects

Ret OPRShow Status

OPR

System Device Status

BatchStream Status

Strm Status

Idle

Idle

Idle

Printer Status

Unit Status

Idle

OPR

For each Galaxy ob ject shown by the Show Status command enter a Shutdown command

E SHUTTING DOWN THE OLD GALAXY SYSTEM

OPRShutdown Printer Ret

OPR

Printer Shutdown

SJ OPR

SJ Printer Shutdown

OPRShutdown BatchStream Ret

OPR

BatchStream Shutdown

BatchStream Shutdown

BatchStream Shutdown

SJ OPR

SJ BatchStream Shutdown

SJ

SJ BatchStream Shutdown

SJ

SJ BatchStream Shutdown

OPR

Error If you see a message similar to There are no devices started you can ignore this

message and go on to the next Shutdown command The message means only that your

site was not using the sp ecied device

Toverify that all parts of the Galaxy system are shut down rep eat the Show Status command

Ret OPRShow Status

OPR

There are no devices started

OPR

To return to TOPS command level so you can stop the Galaxy comp onents typ e the Exit

command the Exec prints its enabled prompt

OPRExit Ret

To stop the Galaxy comp onents use the command

Ret the rst character typedis CTRLE ESpeak

The Exec resp onds Please type SYSJOB commands end with Z and waits for your com mands

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

Espeak Ret

Please type SYSJOB commands end with Z

You should stop all the comp onents referenced in the SYSTEMSYSJOBRUN le You should also stop

Batcon which normally runs as a separate job under SysjobFollow the example to stop the

Galaxy comp onents

Please type SYSJOB commands end with Z

KILL QUASAR Ret

Kill ORION Ret

KILL MOUNTR Ret

KILL BATCON Ret

KILL LPTSPL Ret

KILL TCPSPL Ret

CCJOB Ret

STATUS Ret

To return to TOPS command level typ e CTRLZ The system prints the Execs enabled

prompt followed byanecho of your commands to Sysjob

Z

KILL QUASAR

KILL ORION

KILL MOUNTR

KILL BATCON

JOB RESET Kil l Lptspl and Tcpspl

CCJOB

STATUS

SYSJOB status at May

INFO DISMS at May

MAPPER DISMS at May

MAILER DISMS at May

LPTSPL DISMS at May

Job TTY PTYCON

Job TTY EXEC

Ret Type Ret to see the next prompt

You should create a directory to store your old Galaxy system b efore copying your new one into

SYSTEMTo do so use the Build command

E STARTING UP THE NEW GALAXY SYSTEM

Build PSOLDGALAXY Ret

New

Ret

This creates a directory with default characteristics after whichyou return to TOPS command

level

Now copy the old Galaxy comp onents to the newlybuilt directory

COPY SYSTEMQUASAREXE PSOLDGALAXY Ret

PSSYSTEMQUASAREXE PSOLDGALAXYQUASAREXE OK

Rep eat the Copy command as many times as necessary to copy all the les of our present Galaxy

system into PSOLDGALAXYYou must copy all of the following les if they exist

BATCONEXE

LPTSPLEXE

MOUNTREXE

NEBULAEXE

ORIONEXE

QUASAREXE

TCPSPLEXE

The following les reside on SYS usually in PSSUBSYS They must b e moved as well

GLXLIBEXE

GLXLIBREL

OPREXE

PLEASEEXE

E Starting up the New GALAXY System

Nowyou are ready to replace the old Galaxy system on SYS with your new tailored system

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

Note

If you restored the Galaxy source les

to a directory other than PSSRCGALAXYBUILD use that directory name in the

following steps

Copy the QUASAREXE comp onentofthenew Galaxy system into the system area

COPY PSSRCGALAXYBUILDQUASAREXE PSSUBSYSQUASAREXE Ret

PSBUILDQUASAREXE PSSUBSYSQUASAREXE OK

Rep eat the Copy command as many times as it is necessary to copy all the les of your new Galaxy

system into PSSUBSYSYou must copy all the les listed at the end of Section E

To start the new Galaxy system you must enter the ESpeak command The system prints

Please type SYSJOB commands end with Z

ESpeak Ret

Please type SYSJOB commands end with Z

To start all of the comp onents of the Galaxy system you must typ e a Run command for each

comp onent referenced in the le SYSJOBRUNFollow the example to start the Galaxy comp onents

End the list bytyping CTRLZ

Please type SYSJOB commands end with Z

Ret RUN SYSTEMQUASAR

RUN SYSTEMORION Ret

RUN SYSTEMMOUNTR Ret

RUN SYSTEMBATCON Ret

JOB Ret

RUN SYSTEMLPTSPL Ret

RUN SYSTEMTCPSPL Ret

Ret

STATUS Ret Z

E STARTING UP THE NEW GALAXY SYSTEM

RUN SYSTEMQUASAR

RUN SYSTEMORION

RUN SYSTEMMOUNTR

RUN SYSTEMBATCON

JOB

RUN SYSTEMLPTSPL

RUN SYSTEMTCPSPL

STATUS

SYSJOB status at May

INFO DISMS at May

MAPPER DISMS at May

MAILER DISMS at May

LPTSPL DISMS at May

You must return to Opr command level to start the comp onents of your new Galaxy system

Opr Ret

OPR

To start all the comp onents of the new Galaxy system use the Take command to read commands

from the le SYSTEMSYSTEMCMD

OPRTake SYSTEMSYSTEMCMD Ret

OPR

BatchStream Set Accepted

BatchStream Set Accepted

BatchStream Set Accepted

BatchStream Startup Scheduled

BatchStream Startup Scheduled

BatchStream Startup Scheduled

Ret OPRTake SYSTEMPRINTERCMD

OPR

Printer Set Accepted

Printer Startup Scheduled

OPR

Toverify that each comp onentofyour Galaxy system is running prop erlyyou should nowtyp e a

Show Status command

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

OPRShow Status Ret

OPR

System Device Status

BatchStream Status

Strm Status

Idle

Idle

Idle

Printer Status

Unit Status

Idle

OPR

To end the OPR program typ e the Exit command

Ret OPRExit

E Making Your New GALAXY System Permanent

Once your new system is successfully running you maywant to delete all the les from PSSRCGALAXYBUILD

and PSOLDGALAXYtomake more disk space available

Note

Be certain your new Galaxy system is running prop erly b efore deleting the old les

Use the Delete command to remove the old Galaxy les from disk in order to make more disk

space available The system prints a message for each le it deletes

Delete PSSRCGALAXYBUILDPSOLDGALAXY Ret

E MAKING YOUR NEW GALAXY SYSTEM PERMANENT

Note

If your Galaxy les are in a directory other than PSSRCGALAXYBUILD use that

directory name in place of PSSRCGALAXYBUILD in the Delete command

To sup ervise your new Galaxy system run Opr

Opr Ret OPR

APPENDIX E GENERATING A TAILORED BATCH AND SPOOLING SYSTEM

App endix F

TDBOOT Command Summary

The contents of this app endix have b een created mechanically from the online help texts contained

within the TDBoot program Hop efully this approach encourages the accuracy and completeness

of b oth this printed form and the online help texts Because this is automatically generated the

typ ographical conventions used in this app endix vary slightly from those found elsewhere in this

manual This app endix reects TDBoot Version

F Macroconsole commands

The commands that are pro cessed by the macroconsole are listed b elow Microconsole commands

all of which start with the p erio d character are listed in the next section

The syntax CONTINUE in a command or other keyword means that C is an explicit shorthand

for CONTINUE even though it might otherwise b e ambiguous

BOOT Load an executable le into memory and start it The optional argument can sp ecify a

path to a le on a TOPS or TOPS structure a network no de a sp ecic SCSI tap e

device nexus an op erating system tap e sp ecier or a sequential SCSI tap e name

BOOT path

The path argumentcanhave one of the following formats

strdirsubnametypgen To sp ecify a TOPS disk le

strnameextppnsub To sp ecify a TOPS disk le

noderemotefile To sp ecify a network le not imple

mented yet

slot bus target unit To sp ecify an explicit SCSI nexus

MTAnnn To sp ecify a SCSI tap e by its sequential

nexus p osition

channel controller unit Op erating system tap e sp ecier

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

If no argument is sp ecied the default b o ot string is used see the DEFINE

BOOT command If no structure no de MTAnnn or op erating system

tap e sp ecier is sp ecied a TOPS structure is lo cated whose AUTOMATIC

STARTUP parameter has b een set to this systems ID numb er If none is found

the TOPS structure with the name b eginning with DSK and the lowest letter

x starting at A is used If a TOPS structure is used the remaining le

elds are defaulted from the following le sp ecication

SYSTEMMONITREXE

or if a TOPS structure is used the remaining le elds are defaulted from the

following le sp ecication

SYSTEMEXE

For a network le sp ecify a no de name terminated bytwo colons Following the

no de name should b e a remote le sp ecication enclosed in either single or double

quotes either or The interpretation of the sp ecication is left to the remote

system

Network les are not yet implemented

For an explicit SCSI nexus enter a p ound sign followed by the slot number

of a massstorage controller a SCSI bus numb er a SCSI device ID and nally

an optional SCSI logical unit numb er This metho d cannot b e used to b o ot from

a structure since a structure could include more than one SCSI disk

For a sequential SCSI tap e sp ecify MTAnnn where nnn is the sequential

numb er of the desired tap e The tap es are numb ered starting at zero as they

are encountered while scanning the massstorage controllers SCSI buses SCSI

devices and SCSI logical units in that order Thus MTA sp ecies the third

SCSI tap e encountered during the scan

For an op erating system tap e sp ecier sp ecify three decimal numbers channel

controller and unit separated by commas The decimal channel numb er is con

structed bycounting buses Buses thru on the massstorage controller in the

lowest numb ered slot n umber are channels thru buses thru on the mass

storage controller in the next lowest slot numb er are channels thru the next

would b e thru and so on For SCSI devices with LUN zero the controller

numb er can b e and the unit numb er is the decimal target numb er Otherwise

the controller numb er is the decimal target numb er and the unit numb er is the

LUN For example if there are two massstorage controllers in the system the

tap e with target numb er and LUN on bus in slot the higher numb ered

massstorage controller slot would b e accessed by

BOOT switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments CACHE

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

Enable caching of loaded pages This switch implies CST The cachable bit

is set in all CST entries Do not use this option if the loaded program uses

direct IO b etween system memory and the XRH or XNI unless the program

clears the appropriate cachable bits in the CST rst This switchmust b e

sp ecied with the rst program loaded into memory

CST

When loading the program into memory create a CST This CST will b e used

when the program is run by STARTnow or START later This switch

must b e sp ecied with the rst program loaded into memory

COREDUMP

Set the data mo de to Core Dump format In this mo de eachbitword

corresp onds to ve bit bytes The rst four bit bytes contain bits

and resp ectively The last byte contains bits right

justied This switch applies only to sequentialaccess devices tap es

DEBUG

Set CFDBG in control ags WCTRLFRCTRLF when starting program

This can b e used to tell a program such as the monitor that it should run

in debug mo de

DDT

Load TDBo ot and its copyofDDTinto memory and start DDT with symbols

set up for the loaded program This switchmust b e sp ecied with the rst

program loaded into memory

HIGHDENSITY

Set the data mo de to HighDensity format In this mo de two bit words

corresp ond to nine bit bytes The rst four bit bytes contain bits

and of the rst word resp ectively The fth byte contains

bits of the rst word in the highorder bits and bits of the second

word in the loworder bits The last four bit bytes contain bits

and of the second word resp ectively This switch applies

only to sequentialaccess devices tap es

MERGE

Merge the sp ecied program with any programs already in memory

NOLONGTRANSFERS

Do not use multipage transfers This switch applies only to directaccess

devices disks By default TDBo ot will attempt to combine transfers in

volving sequetial pages on disk into large groups called long transfers This

switch forces each page to b e pro cessed as a separate transfer

PROTECT

Load this program into protected lo cations in high physical memory along

with the paging data This is useful for keeping a program out of the wayof

a program loaded into low memory

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

REWIND

Rewind the SCSI device b efore p erforming the requested op eration

STARTaddress

After loading the sp ecied program start it at the address supplied If the

address b egins with a is is interpreted as an entryvector oset

W

W is a synonym for REWIND provided for backwards compatibility

CLEAR Clear various system variables

CLEAR ADDRESSBREAK

Clear any address break set for the current program

CLEAR CACHE

Clear CPU cache Any mo died CPU cache entries are written back to memory

and all cache entries are invalidated If the INVALIDATE switchispresent the

CPU cache is merely invalidated without writing mo died entries back to memory

CLEAR CONFIGURATION slot

Clear the conguration for the sp ecied slot Until it is congured again the slot

will b e treated as if no device is present

CLEAR MEMORY

Clear all or selected system memory mo dules so that they contain zeros and go o d

parity The STATIC and COMBINED memory tests are p erformed rst to insure

prop er op eration see the TEST MEMORY command for more details on these

tests

CLEAR MEMORY arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic mem

ory to clear No argument will clear all memories in the system Switches

may follow the slot numb er

CLEAR MEMORY switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

NOCACHING

Disable use of the cache to accelerate the op eration This will force direct

memory accesses even though they are slower Use this if you think there

are problems with the cache Caching will automatically b e disabled if

the CACHETEST startup parameter is disabled or if there were initial

he requires using the pager caching is ization errors Since using the cac

implicitly disabled if paging is disabled PAGERTEST is disabled or

NOPAGING was sp ecied

NOPAGING Disable use of paging to accelerate the op eration This will force the use

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

of PMOVEM even though it is slower Use this if you think there are

problems with the pager Paging will automatically b e disabled if the

PAGERTEST startup parameter is disabled or if there were initializa

tion errors Since using the cache requires using the pager caching is

implicitly disabled if paging is disabled

CLEAR NVRAM

Clear entire saved system conguration and reinitialize

CONTINUE address

Resume running an interrupted program The optional argument sp ecies the new PC

at whichtocontinue With or without the argument the ags remain unchanged

DAYTIME Print the current date and time as stored in the hardware timebase If the hardware

timebase do es not app ear to b e set prop erly a message to that eect is printed instead

of the date and time

DDT Load TDBo ot into memory mapp ed in the same section it normally runs at and enter

DDT via an unsolicited breakp oint You maytyp e P escap e then P to pro ceed

TDBo ot running in system memory

DEFINE Change certain static information whichissaved in nonvolatile RAM The LIST com

mand displays these values

DEFINE AUTOBOOTDELAY

Dene the autob o ot delay for this pro cessor The argument is the decimal delay

time in seconds range This is how long this pro cessor waits prior to

initiating an automatic b o ot after p oweron This value is saved in nonvolatile

RAM

DEFINE AUXILIARYPORT

Dene the state of the auxiliary terminal p ort The state is saved in nonvolatile

RAM and is used to set up the auxiliary p ort during initialization

DEFINE AUXILIARYPORT OFF

Turn o the auxiliary p ort

DEFINE AUXILIARYPORT ON

Turn on the auxiliary p ort

DEFINE BOOTDEFAULTS arguments

Dene the default BOOT command argumen ts to b e the remainder of the com

mand line See the BOOT command for the usage of this string This value is

saved in nonvolatile RAM

DEFINE CONFIGURATION fslot g

Clear the saved system conguration for the sp ecied slot p oll that slot and

save the new conguration With as the argument clear p oll and save

the conguration for all system slots Unlike other commands the is not

the default and must b e explicit The new conguration information is saved in

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

nonvolatile RAM

DEFINE DAYLIGHTSAVINGS

Dene the default daylightsavings handling When the pro cessor is intialized this

value is copied into dynamic storage same as the SET DAYLIGHTSAVINGS

command This value is saved in nonvolatile RAM

DEFINE DAYLIGHTSAVINGS ALWAYS

Always pro cess date and time with daylightsavings time in eect This may

b e useful if the AUTOMATIC setting is not appropriate for your site

DEFINE DAYLIGHTSAVINGS AUTOMATIC

Automatically determine when to pro cess date and time with daylightsavings

time in eect The determination is based on the rules in eect in most of

the USA at the time of this writing If this do es not seem to b e appropriate

consider using the ALWAYS or NEVER settings

DEFINE DAYLIGHTSAVINGS NEVER

Never pro cess date and time with daylightsavings time in eect This may

b e useful if the AUTOMATIC setting is not appropriate for your site

DEFINE DUMPDEFAULTS arguments

Dene the default DUMP command arguments to b e the remainder of the com

mand line See the DUMP command for the usage of this string This value is

saved in nonvolatile RAM

DEFINE IPADDRESS abcd

Dene the Internet Proto col Address for a network p ort The rst argumentis

the decimal slot numb er of a network controller The second argumentis

the p ort numb er of a network connection The optional third argumentis

an IP address in dot format abcd where each letter is replaced by a decimal

numb er If the third argument is no supplied the IP address is cleared

These settings are not currently used but are reserved for diagnostics

DEFINE SCSIID slot bus fid OFFLINEg

Dene the SCSI target numb er for the massstorage controller connected to a SCSI

bus The arguments sp ecify the massstorage controller SCSI bus and what ID

to use or to set the bus o line These values are saved in nonvolatile RAMThe

slot is the decimal slot numb er of a massstorage controller The bus

is the SCSI bus numb er The id is the decimal SCSI target number

which the massstorage controller should use to identify itself on the sp ecied bus

If you exp ect to communicate with any bit SCSI devices do not use SCSI target

numb ers ab ove as these devices which dont implement target numb ers greater

than The OFFLINE keyword will set the sp ecied bus o line That is it will

not b e used for any purp ose until a valid SCSI target numb er has again b een set

up for it

DEFINE SYNCDELAY seconds

Dene the syncrhonization delay for this pro cessor The argument is the deci

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

mal delay time in seconds range This value is used for multipro cessor

synchronization This value is saved in nonvolatile RAM

DEFINE TIMEZONE hhmm

Dene the lo cal timezone as the sp ecied numb er of decimal hours and minutes

dierent from Greenwich The value maybebetween and inclusive

Timezones west of Greenwich are negative while timezones east of Greenwichare

p ositive The values and are the same time but on opp osite sides

of the international date line and thus dier bydayFor example the United

States eastern timezone would b e standard time is hours and minutes

earlier than Greenwich When the pro cessor is intialized this value is copied into

dynamic storage same as the SET TIMEZONE command Users should note

that the sign of this value diers from the equivalent one used in TOPS in

the SETSPD program when read from the CONFIGCMD le This value is

saved in nonvolatile RAM

DEPOSIT

Dep osit into various system entities

DEPOSIT AMEMORY address

Store data in the micro co de private memory MemA Supply an address

followed by a bit data word

DEPOSIT CACHE a a a

Store data in the CPU cache See the description of the DWRCSH instruction for

the format of the three arguments

DEPOSIT DEVICEREGISTER slot address data

Perform a devicecontrol cycle also known as a write to IO space to write

data into a device register The rst argument is the slot numb er of the desired

device The second argument is the inmo dule address of the register The third

argument is the data to b e written

DEPOSIT FLAGSANDCONTEXT data

Store new values for the pro cessor ags and currentcontext and previouscontext

context ACblocks and previouscontext section The only argumentcontains

the pro cessor ags in bits the currentAC blo cknumb er in bits the

previouscontext ACblocknumb er in bits and the previouscontext section

in bits Care should b e used when manipulating the pro cessor ags and

context b ecause this mayadversely aect program op eration

DEPOSIT MEMORY slot address data

Using a physical memory address write data into system memory The rst ar

gument is the slot numb er of the desired device The second argument is the

inmo dule memory address The third argument is the data to b e written

DEPOSIT NVRAM address data

Store data in the nonvolatile RAM Supply an address followed byan

bit data byte

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

DEPOSIT PC address

Set the current program counter The argument is the address at which to continue

program execution Care should b e used when manipulating the program counter

b ecause this mayadversely aect program op eration

DEPOSIT REGISTER n data

Write data into the currentcontext registers The rst argument is an o ctal

register numb er The second argument is the data to b e written to the

register Following the second argument you maytyp e BLOCKn to sp ecify the

AC blo cknumb er to examine The default is the currentAC blo ckasspeciedin

the ags and context word

BLOCKn

Sp ecify the ACblock to dep osit in The default is the currentACblock

as sp ecied in the ags and context word

DEPOSIT SYSTEMVIRTUAL address data

Using a system virtual address write data into system memory The rst argument

is the system virtual address The second argument is the data to b e written The

DETAIL switch prints the details of the virtual address resolution

DETAIL

Include a detailed printout of the virtual address resolution pro cess while

preforming the requested op eration This is useful for determining the source

of a page fault or other error when referencing the sp ecied virtual address

DEPOSIT TRANSLATIONBUFFER a a a

Store data in the CPU pagetranslation buer also known as the pager See the

description of the DWRPTB instruction for the format of the three arguments

Since the micro co de clears the pager up on exit from the macroconsole this com

mand is of limited utility It can b e used more eectively from a copy of TDBo ot

running in system memory

DEPOSIT USERVIRTUAL address data

Using a user virtual address write data into system memory The rst argument

is the user virtual address The second argument is the data to b e written The

DETAIL switch prints the details of the virtual address resolution

DETAIL

Include a detailed printout of the virtual address resolution pro cess while

preforming the requested op eration This is useful for determining the source

of a page fault or other error when referencing the sp ecied virtual address

DIRECTORY path

List all selected les in a TOPS or TOPS directory The optional argument can

sp ecify a path to the directoryaswell as which les to list There are also switches

available to select what information will b e printed for each le This command is valid

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

only for disk devices The path for a TOPS disk has the following format

strdirsubnametypgen

Any unsp ecied le elds are default from the following le sp ecication

SYSTEMMONITREXE

The path for a TOPS structure has the following format

strnameextppnsub

Any unsp ecied le elds are default from the following le sp ecication

SYSTEMEXE

CREATION

Print date and time of creation for each le

LENGTH

Print length for eachleFor TOPS this is the numberofbytes and the byte

size for TOPS this is the number of words

LONG

This is a shorthand for SIZE LENGTH and WRITE

READ

Print date and time of last read for eachle

SIZE

Print size for eachleFor TOPS the size is in pages for TOPS the size

is in blo cks

WRITE

Print date and time of last write for each le

DISABLE parameterlist

Disable various system startup parameters Provide a list of parameter names separated

by commas

The parameter names and their meanings are listed with the ENABLE command

DUMP Copy the entire physical system memory image and some of the pro cessor state to the

le sp ecied by the optional path argument The optional argument can sp ecify a path

to a le on a TOPS or TOPS structure a network no de a sp ecic SCSI tap e

device nexus a sequential SCSI tap e name or an op erating system tap e sp ecier The

default path is sp ecied by the DEFINE DUMP command If the target device is a

disk structure the given le must exist and it must b e b e capacious enough to hold all

of system memory

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

DUMP path

The syntax of the path argument to the DUMP command is the same as for the

BOOT command The default DUMP string is sp ecied via the DEFINE DUMP

command

If a structure is used the remaining le elds are defaulted from the following le

sp ecication for TOPS

SYSTEMDUMPEXE

or the following le sp ecication for TOPS

CRASHEXE

DUMP switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

ALLMEMORY

Dump or save all of physical memory if p ossible

COREDUMP

Set the data mo de to Core Dump format In this mo de eachbitword

corresp onds to ve bit bytes The rst four bit bytes contain bits

and resp ectively The last byte contains bits right

justied This switch applies only to sequentialaccess devices tap es

HIGHDENSITY

Set the data mo de to HighDensity format In this mo de twobitwords

corresp ond to nine bit bytes The rst four bit bytes contain bits

and of the rst word resp ectively The fth byte contains

bits of the rst word in the highorder bits and bits of the second

word in the loworder bits The last four bit bytes contain bits

and of the second word resp ectivelyThisswitch applies

only to sequentialaccess devices tap es

MAPPEDMEMORY

Dump or save only exec mapp ed memory

NOLONGTRANSFERS

Do not use multipage transfers This switch applies only to directaccess

devices disks By default TDBo ot will attempt to combine transfers in

volving sequetial pages on disk into large groups called long transfers This

switch forces each page to b e pro cessed as a separate transfer

REWIND

Rewind the SCSI device b efore p erforming the requested op eration W

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

W is a synonym for REWIND provided for backwards compatibility

ENABLE Enable various system startup parameters Provide a list of parameter names separated

by commas

ENABLE AUTOBOOT

The AUTOBOOT startup parameter If this paramenter is enabled at startup

after a short delay see DEFINE AUTOBOOTDELAY the system will attempt

to b o ot automatically using the defaults set up via the DEFINE BOOT command

ENABLE BUSPOLL

The BUSPOLL startup parameter If this parameter is enabled at startup the

system will p oll the bus to determine the hardware conguration

ENABLE CACHETEST

The CACHETEST startup parameter If this parameter is enabled at startup

the system will p erform a diagnostic check of the cache This parameter must b e

enabled to automatically utilize the cache during some memory tests see TEST

MEMORY

ENABLE CLEARMEMORY

The CLEARMEMORY startup parameter If this parameter is enabled at startup

the system will test memorywhich leaves all of memory with go o d parity If

TESTMEMORY is disabled and CLEARMEMORY is enabled all memory

is cleared at startup This prevents any latent parity errors from aecting sys

tem b ehavior Prior to clearing memory the static memory tests are p erformed

see TEST MEMORYSTATIC If the PAGERTEST and CACHETEST pa

rameters are enabled then the combined tests are p erformed see TEST MEM

ORYCOMBINED

ENABLE CONFIGUREMEMORY

The CONFIGUREMEMORY startup parameter If this paremter is enabled

at startup the system will congure all available memory Prior to conguring

memoryeachmemorymay also b e tested see TESTMEMORY or cleared see

CLEARMEMORY

ENABLE MASSSTORAGECONFIGURATION

The MASSSTORAGECONFIGURATION startup parameter If this parameter

is enabled at startup the system will rep ort the massstorage controller device

conguration and start the disks

ENABLE PAGERTEST

The PAGERTEST startup parameter If this parameter is enabled at startup

the system will p erform a diagnostic check of the pager This parameter must b e

enabled to automatically utilize the pager during some memory tests see TEST

MEMORY and when clearing memory see CLEAR MEMORY Since the pager

is needed to use the cache during the TEST MEMORY and CLEAR MEMORY

commands the use of the cache is implicitly disabled when this parameter is disabled

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

ENABLE TESTMEMORY

The TESTMEMORY startup parameter If this parameter is enabled at startup

the system will p erform a diagnostic check of the system memory Prior to other

testing the static memory tests are p erformed see TEST MEMORYSTATIC

If the PAGERTEST and CACHETEST parameters are enabled then the com

bined tests are p erformed see TEST MEMORYCOMBINED

ENABLE

This is a simple abbreviation used to ENABLE or DISABLE all startup parame

ters

EXAMINE

Examine various system entities

EXAMINE AMEMORY address

Print the contents of the sp ecied lo cation in the micro co de private memory

MemA The argument is the o ctal address

EXAMINE CACHE setandlineindex

Printthecontents of the sp ecied CPU cache line See the description of the

DRDCSH instruction for the format of the argument

EXAMINE DEVICEREGISTER slot address

Perform a device status request cycle also known as a read from IO space to

read data from a device register The next argument is the inmo dule address of

the register

EXAMINE FLAGSANDCONTEXT

Print current program ags and context information

EXAMINE INTERRUPT

Print currentinterrupt system status

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot

Print the contents of a lo cation in one of the memory spaces in the sp ecied mass

storage controller The rst argument is the slot numb er of the desired device

The second argument is a register numb er or a keyword describing the

name of the space to b e examined

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot register

Print the result of reading the sp ecied massstorage controller register This

argumentistheoctalnumb er of the desired register The optional next

argument sp ecies an o ctal address to b e supplied in the register address bits

as appropriate for the register

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot ALU

Printthecontents of a lo cation in the ALU of a massstorage controller The

next argument is the lo cation to read in the massstorage controller ALU

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot COMMUNICATIONSREGION

Print the contents of the massstorage controller communications region reg

ister The optional argument sp ecies an oset in the communications

region whose contents is printed as well

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot DRAM

Print the contents of the sp ecied DRAM address of the sp ecied mass

storage controller The next argument is the address of the entry to read in

the massstorage controller DRAM

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot ERRORADDRESS

Print the contents of the erroraddress register of the sp ecied massstorage

controller

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot HASHTABLE

Print the contents of the sp ecied hashtable entry twowords in the DRAM

of the sp ecied massstorage controller The next argument is the hashtable

entry to read in the sp ecied massstorage controller DRAM The actual

words read from DRAM are the address times two and the address times two

plus one

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot MICROCODEVERSION

Print the contents of the micro co de version register of the sp ecied mass

storage controller

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot SERIALNUMBER

Print the contents of the serial numb er register of the sp ecied massstorage

controller

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot SRAM

Print the contents of a lo cation in the SRAM of the sp ecied massstorage

controller The next argument is the lo cation to read in the SRAM

EXAMINE MASSSTORAGE slot STATUS

Print the contents of the status register of the sp ecied massstorage con

troller

EXAMINE MEMORY slot address

Print the contents of the sp ecied physical memory lo cation The next argument

is the inmo dule memory address

EXAMINE NETWORK slot

Print the interpreted contents of a register in the sp ecied Network Contoller The

rst argument is the slot numb er of the desired network controller The second

argument is the name of the register to b e examined

EXAMINE NETWORK slot BUSSTATUS

Prints the contents of the bus status register of the sp ecied network con troller

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

EXAMINE NETWORK slot STATUS

Print the contents of the status register of the sp ecied network controller

EXAMINE NEXT n

Print the logically next value of the preceding EXAMINE or DEPOSIT command

whichever was most recent The optional argument is a decimal rep eat count This

is the default if no arguments are sp ecied after the EXAMINE command

EXAMINE NVRAM address

Print the contents of the sp ecied byteinthenonvolatile RAM The argumentis

an o ctal address

EXAMINE PC

Print current program PC

EXAMINE PREVIOUS n

Print the logically previous value from the most recent EXAMINE or DEPOSIT

command The optional argument is a decimal rep eat count

EXAMINE REGISTER fng

Examine the sp ecied register o ctal argument or all registers argument

Following the argument you maytyp e BLOCKn to sp ecify the AC blo cknumber

to examine The default is the currentAC blo ck as sp ecied in the ags and ags

and context word

BLOCKn

Sp ecify the ACblock to examine The default is the currentACblock

as sp ecied in the ags and context word

EXAMINE SYSTEMVIRTUAL address

Print the contents of the sp ecied lo cation in system memory The argumentis

a system virtual address The DETAIL switchprints the details of the virtual

address resolution

DETAIL

Include a detailed printout of the virtual address resolution pro cess while

preforming the requested op eration This is useful for determining the source

of a page fault or other error when referencing the sp ecied virtual address

EXAMINE TRANSLATIONBUFFER setandlineindex

tents of the sp ecied CPU pagetranslation buer entry See the Printthecon

description of the DRDPTB instruction for the format of the argument Since the

micro co de clears the pager up on exit from the macroconsole this command will

nd only valid data in the pager on the rst macroconsole command following

the placing of that data in the pager It can b e used more eectively from a copy

of TDBo ot running in system memory

EXAMINE USERVIRTUAL address

Print the contents of the sp ecied lo cation in system memory The argumentisa

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

user virtual address The DETAIL switchprints the details of the virtual address

resolution

DETAIL

Include a detailed printout of the virtual address resolution pro cess while

preforming the requested op eration This is useful for determining the source

of a page fault or other error when referencing the sp ecied virtual address

EXAMINE

Examine the macro PC ags context PI and current register blo ck

EXIT Resume running an interrupted program If debugging TDBo ot this command will HALT

the program

FORMAT Format a disk for the op erating system

This command p erforms the SCSI Mo de Select and Format Unit op erations needed to set

the disk for word byte long physical records or word byte short

physical records After hard formatting the disk this command go es on to p erform

other b o okkeeping op erations soft formatting that are needed to make the disk ready

for use by the op erating system

Restrictions this command takes a long time Disk typ es known to the program can b e

formatted unknown disks may b e formatted if they comply with anyversion of standard

behavior

FORMAT arguments

The arguments sp ecify which disk to format as

slot bus targetid unit

Where slot is the decimal slot numb er of the massstorage controller

bus is the SCSI bus numb er id is the decimal SCSI target numb er

of the desired disk drive and unit is the optional SCSI logical unit number

within the target

FORMAT switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

HARD

Perform a hard format followed by a soft format

LONG

Format using only long byte word blo cks

SHORT

Format using only short byte word blo cks

SOFT

Perform only a soft format The unit must already have an acceptable hard format

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

TYPEkeyword

Select a sp ecic format algorithm The following algorithms are available

GENERIC Default format algorithm

HP Algorithm applied to HewlettPackard drives

SEAGATE Algorithm applied to Seagate drives

GET path

GET is an alternate name for the LOAD command

HALT Stop the currently running program Certain commands are allowed only when the

program is halted The program may b e resumed using the CONTINUE command

HELP The HELP command with no argument can b e used to get a list of commands and

brief descriptions To get a more detailed description of a particular command give the

command name as the argument to the HELP command eg HELP HALT This

may b e extended for commands with multiple keywords eg HELP EXAMINE PC

Commands with switches will provide help information bytyping the command name

followed by switches and one of the switches eg HELP BOOT switches START

INTERRUPT

Set the interrupt request ag APINT in the pro cessor ags accessible byRDAPR and

continue the program A program can use this to receiveinterrupt requests by enabling

an interrupt when this bit is set or by sampling the bit p erio dically

LIST Displayvarious static system parameters stored in nonvolatile RAM These are the

parameters that are changed by the DEFINE ENABLE and DISABLE commands

LIST AUTOBOOTDELAY

Print the autob o ot delay in seconds for this pro cessor stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST AUXILIARYPORT

Print the state of the auxiliary terminal p ort stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST BOOTDEFAULTS

Print the default BOOT command argument stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST CONFIGURATION

t the static bus conguration stored in nonvolatile RAM Prin

LIST DAYLIGHTSAVINGS

Print the static DAYLIGHTSAVINGS setting stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST DUMPDEFAULTS

Print the default DUMP command argument stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST IPADDRESSES

PrinttheInternet Proto col Address for eachnetwork connection in the system

stored in nonvolatile RAM

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

LIST PARAMETERS

Printthesaved parameter settings stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST SCSIIDS

Print the static SCSI target ID numb er for each SCSI bus on each massstorage

controller in the system stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST SYNCDELAY

Print the synchronization delay in seconds for this pro cessor stored in nonvolatile

RAM

LIST TIMEZONE

Print the static lo cal TIMEZONE value stored in nonvolatile RAM

LIST

Print the state of all information stored in nonvolatile RAM This is the default if

no arguments are sp ecied after the LIST command

LOAD Load an executable le into memory but do not start it The optional argumentcan

sp ecify a path to a le on a TOPS or TOPS structure a network no de a sp ecic

SCSI tap e device nexus a sequential SCSI tap e name or an op erating system tap e

sp ecier GET is an alternate name for LOAD

LOAD path

The path argument for LOAD has the same format as describ ed for the path

argument to the BOOT command

LOAD switches

The switches for LOAD are the same as those describ ed in the BOOT command

However the DEBUG and START switches do not apply to the LOAD com

mand

REINITIALIZE

Clear the dynamic conguration data and rescan the system conguration if enabled

This will also cause the cache and pager tests to b e run as well as testing or clearing

memory if enabled

RESET Place the sp ecied comp onents andor devices in their initial state A slot number or a

keyword maybeentered

RESET slot

The slot argument is a decimal slot numb er indicating the single slot to

reset Slot refers to this CPU

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset may not wait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined for

the disk or network SHUTDOWN

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

Shut down the sp ecied massstorage controllers The massstorage con

trollers will attempt to complete all outstanding requests and ush their

caches back to disk

RESET BUS

Reset all bus devices except this CPU

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset maynotwait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined for

the disk or network

SHUTDOWN

Shut down the sp ecied massstorage controllers The massstorage con

trollers will attempt to complete all outstanding requests and ush their

caches back to disk

RESET CPU

Reset only CPUs

RESET CPU arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic CPU

to b e reset is a synonym for this CPU A missing argument or will

reset all CPUs in the system

RESET CPU switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset maynotwait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined

for the disk or network

RESET MASSSTORAGE

Reset only massstorage controllers

RESET MASSSTORAGE arguments

The following arguments may b e used to reset a subset of the massstorage

devices

slot bus targetid

The slot argument sp ecies a massstorage controller the bus argument

sp ecies a SCSI bus and the id argument sp ecies a SCSI target id number

A missing argument or will select all slots buses or ids corresp onding to

the argument

RESET MASSSTORAGE switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset maynotwait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined

for the disk or network

SHUTDOWN

Shut down the sp ecied massstorage controllers The massstorage con

trollers will attempt to complete all outstanding requests and ush their

caches back to disk

RESET MEMORY

Reset only memories

RESET MEMORY arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic mem

ory to b e reset A missing argument or will reset all memories in the

system

RESET MEMORY switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset maynotwait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined

for the disk or network

RESET NETWORK

Reset only network controllers

RESET NETWORK arguments

The following arguments may b e used to reset a subset of the network p orts

slot p ort

The slot argument sp ecies a network controller and the p ort argument

sp ecies a network p ort A missing argument or will select all slots or

p orts corresp onding to the argument

RESET NETWORK switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset maynotwait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined

for the disk or network

RESET

Reset all system devices including this CPU This is the default if no arguments

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

are sp ecied after the RESET command

HARD

Reset the sp ecied devices in a hard manner A hard reset maynotwait

for data transfers to b e completed and thus could discard data destined for

the disk or network

SHUTDOWN

Shut down the sp ecied massstorage controllers The massstorage con

trollers will attempt to complete all outstanding requests and ush their

caches back to disk

REWIND scsidevicespecifier

Rewind the sp ecied SCSI device usually a tap e The device is sp ecied using one of

the following formats

slot bus target unit To sp ecify an explicit SCSI nexus

MTAnnn To sp ecify a SCSI tap e by its sequential

nexus p osition

channel controller unit Op erating system tap e sp ecier

RUN path

RUN is an alternate name for the BOOT command

SAVE Save the current program as an executable image to the le sp ecied by the optional

path argument The optional argument can sp ecify a path to a le on a TOPS or

TOPS structure a network no de a sp ecic SCSI tap e device nexus a sequential SCSI

tap e name or an op erating system tap e sp ecier There is no default path If the target

device is a disk structure the given le must exist and it must b e b e capacious enough

to hold the program Not implemented yet

SAVE path

The syntax of the path argumenttotheSAVE command is the same as for the

BOOT command There is no default path string for the SAVE command a path

must b e supplied

If a structure is used the remaining le elds are defaulted note no default le

name For TOPS and TOPS the default le typ e extension is EXE

For TOPS the default generation is

SAVE switches

The switches for the SAVE command are the same as those describ ed for the

DUMP command

SCAN Checkvarious memory elements for data patterns andor errors

SCAN CACHE

Check the CPU cache for data patterns andor errors SCAN CACHE DATA value mask

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

Check the CPU cache for data patterns The rst argument is the searchdata

to b e matched against any cache data entry The optional second argument

is the mask to b e anded with the cache data entry b efore comparing it to the

search data If the second argument is not sp ecied it defaults to all ones

SCAN CACHE ERRORS

Check the CPU cache memory for errors Each cache line set and word is

examined and any cache data or tag parity or b oth cache sets match errors

are printed This is the default if no arguments are sp ecied after the SCAN

CACHE command

REPAIR

When an error is encountered during the scan an attempt is made to

repair it In the case or a parity error this means rewriting the tag or

data with go o d parity In the case of b oth sets matched one of the sets

will b e cleared if it has not b een mo died

SCAN CACHE TAG value mask

Check the CPU cache memory for tag patterns The rst argumentisthe

search tag to b e matched against anycache tag entry The optional second

argument is the mask to b e anded with the cache tag entry b efore comparing

it to the search tag See the description of the DRDCSH instruction E

word for the format of the tag If the second argument is not sp ecied it

defaults to all ones

SCAN MEMORY

Check system memory for data patterns andor errors

SCAN MEMORY DATA value mask

Check system memory for data patterns The rst argumentisthesearchdata

to b e matched against any pager data entry The optional second argument

is the mask to b e anded with the pager data entry b efore comparing it to the

search data If the second argument is not sp ecied it defaults to all ones

Only congured memories are scanned

SCAN MEMORY ERRORS

Check system memory for parity errors All memory mo dules whichare

congured are read and any parit y errors are printed This is the default if

no arguments are sp ecied after the SCAN MEMORY command

REPAIR

When an error is encountered during the scan an attempt is made to

repair it In the case or a parity error this means rewriting the data with

go o d parity

SCAN PAGER

Check the CPU pager for data patterns andor errors

SCAN PAGER DATA value mask

Check the CPU pager for data patterns The rst argument is the searchdata

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

to b e matched against any pager data entry The optional second argument

is the mask to b e anded with the pager data entry b efore comparing it to the

search data If the second argument is not sp ecied it defaults to all ones

SCAN PAGER ERRORS

Check the CPU pager for errors Each pager line and set is examined and

any pager data or tag parity or b oth pager sets match errors are printed

This is the default if not arguments are sp ecied after the SCAN PAGER

command

REPAIR

When an error is encountered during the scan an attempt is made to

repair it In the case or a parity error this means rewriting the tag or

data with go o d parity In the case of b oth sets matched one of the sets

will b e cleared

SCAN PAGER TAG value mask

Check the CPU pager for tag patterns The rst argument is the search tag

to b e matched against any pager tag entry The optinal second argumentis

the mask to b e anded with the pager tag entry b efore comparing it to the

search tag If the second argument is not sp ecied it defaults to all ones See

the description of the DRDPTB instruction E word for the format of the

tag

SET Change certain dynamic information saved in MemA in a manner less p ermanent than

the DEFINE command See also the SHOW command

SET AUXILIARYPORT fON OFFg

Set the state of the auxiliary terminal p ort The new state is applied immedi

ately to the auxiliary p ort The keywords and their meanings are listed with the

DEFINE AUXILIARYPORT command

SET ADDRESSBREAK

Set an address break after loading a program into memoryIfyou set an address

break and then load the rst program the implicit program reset that is done will

clear the break

SET ADDRESSBREAK arguments

The single argument is a bit virtual address on which to break

SET ADDRESSBREAK switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

EXECUTE

Select an address break when an instruction is fetched from the sp ecied

address

READ Select an address break when data is read from the sp ecied address

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

USER

Select an address break when the sp ecied address is accessed in user

mo de

WRITE

Select an address break when data is written to the sp ecied address

SET CONFIGURATION

Explicitly congure various parts of the machine

SET CONFIGURATION slot

The slot argument is a decimal slot numb er indicating the single slot

to congure That slot will b e p olled and the results saved in the dynamic

conguration database for that slot Any discrepancies b etween the saved

conguration and the current conguration for that slot will b e printed

SET CONFIGURATION BUS

Explicitly p oll each slot in the machine and initialize the dynamic congura

tion It will also printany discrepancies b etween the saved conguration and

the current conguration for each slot

SET CONFIGURATION MASSSTORAGE

Set up the dynamic conguration of all massstorage controllers in the system

Start all disks and rep ort device conguration

SET CONFIGURATION MEMORY

Congure memory Each memory is tested for prop er op eration and cong

ured for use

CLEAR

Enable clearing memory after conguration and testing The default set

ting for this switch is the same as the previous CONFIGURE MEMORY

command Atpowerup it is initialized to the same setting as that of the

CLEARMEMORY startup parameter

FORCE

Reconsider any memory units that have b een put o line Such a unit will

have to pass some tests b efore it is accepted This setting is remembered

as part of the dynamic conguration and will b e used until the pro cessor

is reset or TDBo ot is REINITIALIZEd

FORWARD

Congure the memory in the forward direction that is with the lowest

physical slot numb ers having the lowest addresses This setting is remem

b ered as part of the dynamic conguration and will b e used until the

pro cessor is reset or TDBo ot is REINITIALIZEd

NOCACHING

Disable use of the cache to accelerate the op eration This will force direct

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

memory accesses even though they are slower Use this if you think there

are problems with the cache Caching will automatically b e disabled if

the CACHETEST startup parameter is disabled or if there were initial

ization errors Since using the cache requires using the pager caching is

implicitly disabled if paging is disabled PAGERTEST is disabled or

NOPAGING was sp ecied

NOCLEAR

Disable clearing memory after conguration and testing The default set

ting for this switch is the same as the previous CONFIGURE MEMORY

command Atpowerup it is initialized to the same setting as that of the

CLEARMEMORY startup parameter

NOFORCE

Do not reconsider any memory units that have b een taken o line This

setting is rememb ered as part of the dynamic conguration and will b e

used until the pro cessor is reset or TDBo ot is REINITIALIZEd

NOPAGING

Disable use of paging to accelerate the op eration This will force the use

of PMOVEM even though it is slower Use this if you think there are

problems with the pager Paging will automatically b e disabled if the

PAGERTEST startup parameter is disabled or if there were initializa

tion errors Since using the cache requires using the pager caching is

implicitly disabled if paging is disabled

NOTEST

Disable memory testing after conguration The default setting for this

switch is the same as the previous CONFIGURE MEMORY command

Atpowerup it is initialized to the same setting as that of the TEST

MEMORY startup parameter

REVERSE

Congure the memory in the highest physical slot number to have the

lowest addresses This setting is rememb ered as part of the dynamic

conguration and will b e used until the pro cessor is reset or TDBo ot is

REINITIALIZEd

TEST

Enable memory testing after conguration The default setting for this

switch is the same as the previous CONFIGURE MEMORY command

Atpowerup it is initialized to the same setting as that of the TEST

MEMORY startup parameter

SET CONFIGURATION NETWORK

Set up the dynamic conguration of all network connections in the system

There is currently no dynamic conguration to setup for the network con

trollers This command is reserved for future expansion

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

SET CONFIGURATION

Perform the default system conguration which includes the BUS MEMORY

and MASSSTORAGE This is the default if no arguments are sp ecied after

the SET CONFIGURATION command

SET DAYLIGHTSAVINGS

Set default daylightsavings handling

SET DAYLIGHTSAVINGS ALWAYS

Always pro cess date and time with daylightsavings time in eect This may

b e useful if the AUTOMATIC setting is not appropriate for your site

SET DAYLIGHTSAVINGS AUTOMATIC

Automatically determine when to pro cess date and time with daylightsavings

time in eect The determination is based on the rules in eect in most of

the USA at the time of this writing If this do es not seem to b e appropriate

consider using the ALWAYS or NEVER settings

SET DAYLIGHTSAVINGS NEVER

Never pro cess date and time with daylightsavings time in eect This may

b e useful if the AUTOMATIC setting is not appropriate for your site

SET SCSIID slot bus fid OFFLINEg

Set the initiator target ID for a connected SCSI bus The arguments sp ecify the

massstorage controller SCSI Bus and what ID to use or to set the bus o line

This command changes only the dynamic conguration of the SCSI interface The

SET CONFIGURATION BUS and SET CONFIGURATION commands

will set the SCSI bus states from their static values saved via DEFINE SCSI

IDThe slot is the decimal slot numb er of a massstorage controller The

bus is the SCSI bus numb er The id is the decimal SCSI target number

which the SCSI controller should use to identify itself on the sp ecied bus

If you exp ect to communicate with any bit SCSI devices do not use SCSI target

numb ers ab ove as these devices which dont implement target numb ers greater

than The OFFLINE keyword will set the sp ecied bus o line That is it will

not b e used for any purp ose until a valid SCSI target numb er has again b een set

up for it

SET TIMEZONE hhmm

Set the current lo cal timezone as the sp ecied numb er of decimal hours and min

utes dierent from Greenwich The value maybebetween and inclu

sive Timezones west of Greenwich are negative while timezones east of Greenwich

are p ositive The values and are the same time but on opp osite sides

of the international date line and thus dier bydayFor example the United

States eastern timezone would b e standard time is hours and minutes

earlier than Greenwich Users should note that the sign of this value diers from

the equivalent one used in TOPS in the SETSPD program when read from

the CONFIGCMD le

SHOW Showvarious system settings

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

SHOW ADDRESSBREAK

Print the contents of the program address break register

SHOW AUXILIARYPORT

Print the current state of the auxiliary terminal p ort

SHOW CAPACITY

This command prints the capacity of all or selected directaccess devices This is

similar to the SHOW CONFIGURATION MASSSTORAGE CAPACITY

command except that it includes only directaccess devices

SHOW CAPACITY arguments

The following arguments may b e used to include a subset of the massstorage

devices

slot bus targetid

The slot argument sp ecies a massstorage controller the bus argument

sp ecies a SCSI bus and the id argument sp ecies a SCSI target id number

All arguments are in decimal A missing argument or will select all slots

buses or ids corresp onding to the argument

SHOW CONFIGURATION

Print the dynamic system conguration A slot number or a keyword maybe

entered

SHOW CONFIGURATION slot

The slot argument is a decimal slot numb er indicating the single

slot for whichtoshow the conguration Slot refers to this CPU The slot

number may b e followed by switches appropriate to the typ e of device in that

slot

SHOW CONFIGURATION CPU

Show only the conguration of CPUs

SHOW CONFIGURATION CPU arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic

CPU to include is a synonym for this CPU A missing argumentor

will include all CPUs in the system

SHOW CONFIGURATION CPU switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

LONG

Print a detailed conguration

SHORT

Print a minimum conguration

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

SHOW CONFIGURATION MASSSTORAGE

Show only the conguration of massstorage controllers

SHOW CONFIGURATION MASSSTORAGE arguments

The following arguments may b e used to include a subset of the mass

storage devices

slot bus targetid

The slot argument sp ecies a massstorage controller the bus argu

ment sp ecies a SCSI bus and the id argument sp ecies a SCSI target

id numb er All arguments are in decimal A missing argument or will

select all slots buses or ids corresp onding to the argument

SHOW CONFIGURATION MASSSTORAGE switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

CAPACITY

Print the capacity of directaccess devices The LONG switchisset

implicitly by this switch

HOMEBLOCKS

Print the home blo ck information used by TDBo ot for directaccess

devices The LONG switch is set implicitly by this switch

LONG

Print a detailed conguration

SHORT

Print a minimum conguration

SHOW CONFIGURATION MEMORY

Show only the conguration of memory mo dules

SHOW CONFIGURATION MEMORY arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic

MEMORY to include A missing argument or will include all memo

ries in the system

SHOW CONFIGURATION MEMORY switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

LONG

Print a detailed conguration

SHORT

Print a minimum conguration SHOW CONFIGURATION NETWORK

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

Show only the conguration of network controllers

SHOW CONFIGURATION NETWORK arguments

The following arguments may b e used to include a subset of the network

p orts

slot p ort

The slot argument sp ecies a network controller and the p ort argu

ment sp ecies a network p ort A missing argument or will select all

slots or p orts corresp onding to the argument

SHOW CONFIGURATION NETWORK switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

LONG

Print a detailed conguration

SHORT

Print a minimum conguration

SHOW CONFIGURATION SYSTEM

Show only the system ID and options and the backplane serial numb er and

options

SHOW CONFIGURATION

Show the conguration of all devices in the system This is the default if no

arguments are sp ecied after the SHOW CONFURATION command

LONG

Print a detailed conguration

SHORT

Print a minimum conguration

SHOW DAYLIGHTSAVINGS

Print the currentDAYLIGHTSAVINGS setting

SHOW HOMEBLOCKS

This command prints the home blo cks of all or selected directaccess devices This

is similar to the SHOW CONFIGURATION MASSSTORAGE HOME

BLOCKS command except that it includes only directaccess devices

SHOW HOMEBLOCKS arguments

The following arguments may b e used to include a subset of the massstorage

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

devices

slot bus targetid

The slot argument sp ecies a massstorage controller the bus argument

sp ecies a SCSI bus and the id argument sp ecies a SCSI target id number

All arguments are in decimal A missing argument or will select all slots

buses or ids corresp onding to the argument

SHOW MEMORYSTATUS slot

Print all or selected memory status The optional decimal slot numb er argument

indicates a sp ecic memory controller whose status should b e printed No

argument indicates that status for all memory controllers should b e printed The

printout includes b oth the status and errorsummary registers Note reading

the errorsummary register clears the Parity Error Detected bit in the status

register and releases the errorsummary register to capture another error

SHOW PAGEFAIL

Print the data saved by the most recent page fails in a user readable form If

this was the result of a recursive page fail the preceding page fail information is

also printed Be careful that there are no intervening page fails or you will not get

the results you exp ect

SHOW PAGEFAIL CONSOLE

Show page fail data which preceded the most recent recursive page failure

which attempted to trap via the console

SHOW PAGEFAIL IO

Show page fail data which preceded the most recent recursive page failure

which attempted to trap via the EPT

SHOW PAGEFAIL LAST

Show page fail data from the most recent page fail

SHOW PAGEFAIL ROM

Show page fail data which preceded the most recent recursive page failure

which attempted to trap via the ROM

SHOW POWERSTATUS

Print the currentpower status

SHOW PROGRAM

Print information asso ciated with the current program in memory

SHOW PROGRAM ENTRYVECTOR

Print the current programs entryv ector lo cation and length

SHOW PROGRAM MEMORYMAP

Print all or some of the contents of the current programs memory map By

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

default all executive pages those mapp ed via the EPT will b e printed

EXEC

Limit information printout to executive pages those mapp ed via the

EPT

NOPAGEINFO

Suppress printout of information on pages in each section With this

switch only information ab out sections is printed

SECTIONn

Limit printout to the sp ecied section The argument is an o ctal section

numb er

USER

Limit information printout to user pages those mapp ed via the UPT

SHOW PROGRAM PDVAS

Print the current programs program data vector addresses PDVAs

SHOW SCSIIDS

Print the dynamic initiator target ID numb er for each SCSI bus on each mass

storage controller in the system

SHOW STRUCTURE str

Print information ab out the units in the sp ecied structure The argumentisa

character structure name followed by a colon

SHOW TIMEZONE

Print the current lo cal TIMEZONE oset

SHOW VERSION

Printtheversion numb ers of the BOOT ROM program and the current CPU

micro co de

SHOW ZONETABLE slot bus target lun

Print the zone table for the sp ecied disk drive The rst argument is the decimal

slot numb er The second argument is the bus numb er The third

arugment is the decimal target ID The optional fourth argumentisthe

logical unit numb er LUN default

SHUTDOWN

Set the shutdown request ag APSHT in the pro cessor ags accessible byRDAPR

and continue the program A program can use this to receiveshutdown requests by

enabling an interrupt when this bit is set or by sampling the bit p erio dically

START Set the program counter and continue the program The optional argument can sp ecify

the absolute virtual address to load into the PC or a followed byanentryvector

oset If no argument is present entryvector oset is used The program ags and

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

context are zero ed b efore starting which starts in EXEC mo de If you do not wish

the ags and context to b e zero ed consider using the DEPOSIT FLAGS nand

CONTINUE pc commands The optional switch DEBUG will set CFDBG in

the control ags WCTRLFRCTRLF and can b e used to tell a program such as the

monitor to run in debug mo de

TEST Perform testing of sp ecic pro cessor comp onents andor devices A slot number or a

keyword maybeentered

TEST slot

The slot argument is a decimal slot numb er indicating the single slot

to test Slot refers to this CPU The slot number may b e followed by switches

appropriate to the typ e of device in that slot

TEST BUS

Perform device sp ecic tests on each slot except this CPU

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argument is the numb er of times to rep eat

TEST CACHE

Perform the cache tests on this CPU

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argument is the numb er of times to rep eat

TEST CPU

Perform only CPU tests This currently includes the cache and pager tests

TEST CPU arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic CPU

to test is a synonym for this CPU A missing argument or will test

all CPUs in the system

TEST CPU switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argument is the numberoftimestorepeat

TEST INTERVALTIMER

terval values and compute the actual interval Run the interval timer at various in

using RDTIME Prints the interval b eing tested followed by the mean and variance

for that interval

INTERVALn

Select a sp ecic interval to test The argument sp ecies the interval from

to microseconds It will b e rounded to the nearest multiple of

LOOPONERROR

Continue testing after printing an error

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

QUIET

Suppress informational output during testing You will still get output if an

error o ccurs

SAMPLESn

The argument sp ecies the numb er of samples to take b efore computing av

erage and variance The default value is

TEST MASSSTORAGE

Perform the massstorage controller tests on all or selected massstorage con

trollers and SCSI devices

TEST MASSSTORAGE arguments

The following arguments may b e used to select a subset of the massstorage

devices

slot bus targetid unit

The slot argument sp ecies a massstorage controller the bus argument

sp ecies a SCSI bus the id argument sp ecies a SCSI target id number

and the unit argument sp ecies a SCSI logical unit numb er A missing

argument or will select all slots buses ids or units corresp onding to the

argument

TEST MASSSTORAGE switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

BYTEOFFSETn

Sp ecify the byte oset to use for data transfers This can b e used to test

transfers which end in the middle of a word Byteoset is eective only

during tests of the industrycompatible data format

COMPARE

During data tests do write read and compare

COREDUMP

Test core dump bit data format

DEVICEBUFFERS

Test the SCSI BUS This consists of a WRITE BUFFER followed bya

READ BUFFER and verify to each selected SCSI device which supp orts

these commands

DRAM

Test massstorage controller DRAM internal buer memory Data is

written from system memory into the DRAM and then read back and

compared If none of DEVICEBUFFERS DRAM MEDIATEST

TIMING or VERIFY are sp ecied then DEVICEBUFFERS and DRAM are the default

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

ENDINGOFFSETn

Sp ecify the ending word oset to use for data transfers The argument

is the oset backward from the end of the cache line of the last word to

transfer eg ENDINGOFFSET would transfer only the rst word

of the cache line at the end of the transfer This can b e used to test

transfers which end in the middle of a cache line

FLOATINGZEROS

Test using a oatingzeros data pattern

FLOATINGONES

Test using a oatingones data pattern

FONES

Test using a oatingones data pattern

FZEROS

Test using a oatingzeros data pattern

HIGHDENSITY

Test highdensity bit data format

INDUSTRYCOMPATIBLE

Test industrycompatible bit data format

JOHNSONCOUNTER

Test using a Johnson counter data pattern

MEDIATEST

Test the medium on the SCSI device by reading each blo ckinto system

memoryFor directaccess devices disks the entire medium is read

NOCOMPARE

During data tests do write and read but no compare

NOLONGTRANSFERS

Do not use long transfers during media test This switch is meaningful

only in conjunction with the MEDIATEST switch

ONES

Test using a data pattern of all ones

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argument is the numberoftimestorepeat

RETRIESn

Retry after errors when establishing the communications region The

argumentisthenumb er of times to retry b efore giving up

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

RONLY

During data tests do read but no write or compare

STARTINGOFFSETn

Sp ecify the starting word oset to use for data transfers The argumentis

the oset forward from the b eginning of the cache line of the rst word to

transfer eg BEGINNINGOFFSET would b egin the transfer with

the last word of the cache line This can b e used to test transfers which

start in the middle of a cache line

TIMING

Test various timing parameters of selected SCSI devices

VERIFY

Test the medium on the SCSI device by issuing the SCSI VERIFY com

mand Since not all devices supp ort this command it may fail If so use

the MEDIATEST option which will read each blo ckinto memoryFor

directaccess devices disks the entire medium is read

WONLY

During data tests do write but no read or compare

ZEROS

Test using a data pattern of all zeros

TEST MEMORY

Test system memories

TEST MEMORY arguments

The optional decimal slot numb er argument indicates a sp ecic mem

ory to test A missing argument or will test all memories in the system

TEST MEMORY switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

ADDRESS

Select the memory address test If no memory tests are selected all are

p erformed An A is printed to indicate that the address test is b eing

initialized During initialization eachword is written with its bus address

word BAW An a is printed to indicate that the addresstest compare

has started Eachword of memory is checked to verify that it still contains

the correct data

COMBINED

Select the combined memory tests If no memory tests are selected all are

p erformed A C is printed to indicate combined testing is in progress

A sequence of data patterns and addresses is used which will exercise the

cache rell writeback and ush op erations

F MACROCONSOLE COMMANDS

DATA

Select the memory data test If no memory tests are selected all are

p erformed A D is printed to indicate that the data test is b eing ini

tialized During initialization eachword is written with the negativeof

its bus address word BAW minus two A d is printed to indicate that

the datatest compare has started Eachword of memory is checked to

verify that it still contains the correct data

NOCACHING

Disable use of the cache to accelerate the op eration This will force direct

memory accesses even though they are slower Use this if you think there

are problems with the cache Caching will automatically b e disabled if

the CACHETEST startup parameter is disabled or if there were initial

ization errors Since using the cache requires using the pager caching is

implicitly disabled if paging is disabled PAGERTEST is disabled or

NOPAGING was sp ecied

NOPAGING

Disable use of paging to accelerate the op eration This will force the use

of PMOVEM even though it is slower Use this if you think there are

problems with the pager Paging will automatically b e disabled if the

PAGERTEST startup parameter is disabled or if there were initializa

tion errors Since using the cache requires using the pager caching is

implicitly disabled if paging is disabled

PROCEEDONERROR

Causes the memory test to pro ceed despite errors Errors will continue to

be printed and a failing memory will not b e taken o line

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argument is the numberoftimestorepeat

READONLY

Perform a READONLY memory test This test is p erformed b efore any

others to avoid changing the contents of memory A R is printed to

indicate readonly testing is in progress Eachword of memory is read

to determine if it has go o d parity This test makes use of the pager and

cache to accelerate op eration See the NOPAGING and NOCACHING

switches for more information

STATIC

Select the static memory tests If no memory tests are selected all are

p erformed An S is printed to indicate static testing is in progress Each

static test is p erformed on a cache line in memory Data patters of all ones

all zeros a oatingone and a oatingzero are written and compared in

eachword of the line Cache line addresses of all zeros and all ones are

p erformed rst This is followed by writing and detecting bad parityin

cache line zero Finally cache line addresses rst of a oatingone and then of a oatingzero are tested

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

TEST NETWORK

Perform diagnostic tests on the sp ecied network controllers

TEST NETWORK arguments

The following arguments may b e used to test a subset of the network p orts

slot p ort

The slot argument sp ecies a network controller and the p ort argument

sp ecies a network p ort A missing argument or will select all slots or

p orts corresp onding to the argument

TEST NETWORK switches

Switches should b e entered after all other arguments

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argumentisthenumb er of times to rep eat

TIMING

Measure the amount of time it takes to reset the network controller

TEST PAGER

Test this CPUs pager

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argumentisthenumb er of times to rep eat

TEST POWERFAIL

Lo op checking p ower status and rep orting changes Typ e C to terminate

TEST TIMEBASE

Check RDTIME timebase for monotonicity and no large changes Prints elapsed

time approximately every seconds

LOOPONERROR

Continue testing after printing an error

QUIET

Suppress informational output during testing You will still get output if an

error o ccurs

TEST

Test this CPU and each other system slot This is the default if no arguments are

sp ecied after the TEST command

REPEATn

Rep eat the sp ecied tests The argumentisthenumb er of times to rep eat

UNLOAD scsidevicespecifier

F MICROCONSOLE COMMANDS

Unload the sp ecied SCSI device usually a tap e or other removable medium The device

is sp ecied using one of the following formats

slot bus target unit To sp ecify an explicit SCSI nexus

MTAnnn To sp ecify a SCSI tap e by its sequential

nexus p osition

channel controller unit Op erating system tap e sp ecier

VDIRECTORY path

This is a shorthand for the DIRECTORY args LONG command See the DIREC

TORY command for a full description of the arguments

F Microconsole commands

A command b eginning with a is actually pro cessed by the microconsole Help for the micro

console commands is provided here as a convenience to the user Microconsole commands consist

of the initial followed by one or more letters and a variable numberofnumeric arguments All

numeric arguments are in o ctal The following is a summary of the available commands

Command Description

B offset Start TDBo ot

C Continue program

D l adr data Dep osit things

E l adr Examine things

H Halt program

I Initialize micro co de

M Enable macroconsole

R cnt cmd Rep eat command

S adr Start program

T l args Test things

U Disable macroconsole

V Typ e version

W data Write control ags

B Start TDBo ot as a normal program The TDBo ot co de runs out of ROM and parses its

own commands When running in this mo de microconsole commands are not available

To get to the microconsole typ e controlbackslash n Terminate this mo de of TDBo ot

b ytyping EXIT or controlZ Z

C Continue the current program if the PC is valid After this command the program will

run until it executes a HALT instruction or is halted by a console command

D Dep osit things in various parts of the machine The next letter sp ecies where to dep osit

The last letter used is rememb ered and is used as the default thing to examine in the

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

next E command The following is a summary of the dep osit commands

Command Description

D A adr data Dep osit MemA

D D baw data Dep osit devicecontrol

D F data Dep osit ags and context

D I data Dep osit PIR

D M baw data Dep osit physical memory

D N adr data Dep osit NVram

D O om adr data Diag write om  cache mo de adr  E data  IABUS

D P data Dep osit PC

D R reg data Dep osit currentcontext register

D S adr data Dep osit system virtual memory

D U adr data Dep osit user virtual memory

D A address data

Dep osit into MemA The rst argument is the bit address The

second argument is the bit data to dep osit

D D baw data

Perform a devicecontrol cycle on the system bus this is also known as a write to

IO space The rst argument is the bus address word BAW The second word

is the data to write Bit of the address controls cache access It should never b e

set when accessing IO space

D F data

Store into the internal pro cessor ags and context word The argument is a bit

numb er sp ecifying the pro cessor ags in bits the currentAC blo ck in bits

the previous ACblock in bits and the previous section in bits

D I data

Store into the internal priorityinterrupt register as read by RDPI Changing

these values may cause certain inconsistencies in the internal machine state use

with great care

D M baw data

Perform a word write on the system bus this is also know as a write to memory

W The second word is space The rst argument is the bus address word BA

the data to write Bit of the address controls cache access If bit is clear the

cache will b e bypassed If bit is set the cache will b e ushed andor loaded

as needed and the data written into the prop er cache line Care should b e taken

to use the same cache access as is currently b eing used for the sp ecied address

otherwise cache inconsistencies mayoccur

D N address data

Write one byte into the nonvolatile RAM NVRAM The rst argumentisa

bit address The second argument is the bit data to b e

written Use care when changing NVRAM b ecause it controls various pieces of

F MICROCONSOLE COMMANDS

system conguration

D O mode address data

Perform a diagnostic write cycle The rst argument is loaded into the cache mo de

The second argument is loaded into the internal DPM address register The third

argumentisloadedinto the IABUS latches A DPM write cycle is p erformed

D P address

Store into the macro PC This is similar to the S command but the macro program

is not continued

D R n data

Store into the registers selected by the currentAC blo ck context setting The rst

argument is the bit register numb er The second argument is the bit data

to write

D S address data

Write to a system virtual address The rst argument is the bit address The

second argument is the bit data to write A system virtual address is one which

is mapp ed starting at EPT oset plus the sup ersection number

D U address data

Write to a user virtual address The rst argument is the bit address The

second argument is the bit data to write A user virtual address is one which

is mapp ed starting at UPT oset plus the sup ersection number

E Examine things in various parts of the machine The next letter sp ecies what to examine

The following is a summary of the examine commands

Command Description

E Rep eats previous examine with next address or examines

the same address as the previous dep osit whichever o c

cured most recently

E A adr Examine MemA

E D baw Examine devicecontrol

E F Examine ags and context

E I Examine PIR and HW interrupt register

E L adr Examine lo okup ROM  or 

Examine physical memory E M baw

E N adr Examine NVram

E O A om adr Diag read om  cache mo de adr  E print IABUS

E O D om adr Diag read om  cache mo de adr  E printDPM

E O N om adr Diag read om  cache mo de adr  E no print

E P Examine PC

E R reg Examine currentcontext register

E S adr Examine system virtual memory

E U adr Examine user virtual memory

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

E A address

Examine lo cations in MemA The argument is the bit address

E D baw

Perform a status request cycle on the system bus also know as an IO space read

The argument is the bus address word BAW to read Bit controls cache access

Bit should not b e set with this command

E F

Examine the internal pro cessor ags and context The pro cessor ags are in bits

the currentACblock is in bits the previous AC blo ck is in bits

and the previous section numb er is in bits

E I

Examine the priorityinterrupt register and the hardware interrupt register The

priorityinterrupt register contains the same data as read with RDPI The hard

ware interrupt register has hardware bits available to the micro co de

E L address

Examine the internal lo okup ROM used for byte instructions The argument

sp ecies the address in the ROM to examine First if bits are zero copy bits

to bits The address is then formed from bits and bits

E M baw

Perform a wordread cycle on the system bus also know as a memoryspace read

The argument is the bus address word BAW to read Bit controls cache access

If bit is clear the cache is bypassed If bit is set the cache will b e examined

to see if the sp ecied address is cached there If not the corresp onding cache line

will b e loaded from system memory into the cache and the desired will b e word

returned

E N address

Examine a byteofnonvolatile RAM NVRAM The argument is the bit ad

dress of the desired byte

E O

Perform a diagnosticread The rst argument is a letter sp ecifying what to typ e

out up on completion The second argumentisloadedinto the cache mo de The

wing is third argument is loaded into the internal DPM address register The follo

a summary of the diagnosticread commands

Command Description

E O A om adr Diag read om  cache mo de adr  E print IABUS

E O D om adr Diag read om  cache mo de adr  E print DPM

E O N om adr Diag read om  cache mo de adr  E no print E O A mode address

F MICROCONSOLE COMMANDS

Perform a diagnosticread cycle and print the resulting contents of IABUS

The rst argument is loaded into the cache mo de the second argumentis

loaded into the internal DPM address register

E O D mode address

Perform a diagnosticread cycle and print the resulting contents of DPM The

rst argument is loaded into the cache mo de the second argument is loaded

into the internal DPM address register

E O N mode address

Perform a diagnosticread with no output The rst argumentisloadedinto

the cache mo de the second argumentisloadedinto the internal DPM address

register diagnosticread with no output is sometimes useful for scoping a

pro cessor problem

E P

Print the current macro PC

E R n

Examine the registers selected by the currentAC blo ckcontext setting The

argument is the bit register number

E S address

Read a system virtual address The rst argument is the bit address A system

virtual address is one which is mapp ed starting at EPT oset plus the sup er

section number

E U address

Read a user virtual address The rst argument is the bit address A user

virtual address is one which is mapp ed starting at UPT oset plus the sup er

section number

H Halt the currently running program The PC remains valid and the program can b e

continued where it left o using the C command

I Restart the CPU micro co de at the b eginning The CPU cannot tell the dierence b etween

this and starting from p oweron

M Initialize the macroconsole by starting it at its entryvector oset Whenever the

microconsole passes a command to the macroconsole it clears the macroconsole enable

bits stored in MemA If the macroconsole terminates without setting this bit again it

is eectively disabled ie the microconsole will not pass commands to it The M

command gives the macroconsole a chance to reenable itself The macroconsole is

y the U command or by installing option jump er J also disabled b

R n command

Rep eat any other microconsole command a sp ecied numb er of times The argument

following R is an numb er sp ecifying the numb er of times to rep eat the command A value

of zero will cause command to rep eat indenitelyFollowing the rep eat count you should

give the command you wish rep eated but without the initial dot For example the

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

following commands examine all decimal currentcontext registers

E R

R E

The rst command examines register while the second command examines the next

o ctal registers in sequence

S address

Start the pro cessor executing instructions The argument is a bit address sp ecifying

the intial PC

T Perform various lowlevel tests which are dicult or imp ossible to p erform using macro

co de or when macroco de execution is not op erational The following test commands

are available

Command Description

T A d WR alternate MemA lo cs with d and d with its low

order bit complemented resp ectively

T B Read BP p ower status and ROMs

T C b Test cache interaction with memory at BAW b

T M b s p c Test system memory start at BAW b for s words

with pattern p c has control bits

T S d s m Rotate d by s AND with m

T U b Test cache invalidateush functions

TXhlhl Do bit add of hl and hl

T A data

Test MemA The argument is a data pattern Two lo cations in MemA are used

The data is written to the rst lo cation Then the data written to the second

lo cation with the loworder bit complemented This changes the parity bit Both

lo cations are then read to verify parity This pro cess rep eats untilacharacter is

entered on the console

T B

Read the backplane p ower status serial numb er and system ID ROMs Then read

the CPU serial number ROM into predened lo cations in MemA Printthepower

status it app ears in the hiorder bits of v alue printed The bits are interpreted

F MICROCONSOLE COMMANDS

as follows

Bit Mask Description

AC fault

Thermal fault

Battery bad

Battery low

Need p ower asserted on backplane

Not used should b e zero

Backplane wedged

Always set

T C baw

Perform a varietyofcachememory interaction tests The argument is the base

bus address word BAW of the memory lo cations to use The addresses used

are BAW through BAW Since the page osets are xed for mapp ed

addresses the BAW should have bits  set to zero If a test fails the

address actual and exp ected data are printed and the test is terminated The

test can also b e terminated bytyping on the console

T M baw count pattern control

Perform a variety of system memory tests The rst argument is the base bus

address word BAW of the lo cations to b e tested The second argument is the

count of lo cations to test will count for a long time The third argumentisa

data pattern The fourth argument is the function enco ded as follows

Bits Mask Function

Use the data pattern unchanged

Complement the pattern on each pass

Incremen t the pattern on each pass

Rotate the pattern left one bit on each pass

Continue on error

Init pass only places pattern in memory

Init only pattern XORd with BAW

Writereadcompare using pattern

Writereadcompare pattern XORd with BAW

Write only no read or compare

Read only no write or compare

Readwrite no compare

XORreadwrite no compare

When comparing and stopping on errors bit clear an error will terminate

testing with a printout of the address actual data and exp ected data The test

can also b e terminated at the end of a pass bytyping on the console

T S data rotate mask

Test the internal shiftermasker hardware The rst argument is the data The

APPENDIX F TDBOOT COMMAND SUMMARY

second argument is the shift amount The third argument is the mask

T U baw

Perform the invalidate and ush tests on the CPU cache The argument is the

base bus address word BAW of the memory lo cations to use The addresses used

are BAW through BAW Since this test uses the right half of the BAW

as a counter it should have bits  set to zero If a test fails the address

actual and exp ected data are printed and the test is terminated The test can

also b e terminated bytyping on the console

TXhlhl

Test the internal bit adder The rst argument is the highorder word loaded

into the B register The second argumentistheloworder word loaded into the

B register The third argument is the highorder word loaded into the A register

The fourth argument is the loworder word loaded into the A register The two

registers are added and the twoword result is printed highorder word rst

U Disable the macroconsole This may b e useful to prevent inadvertent running of macro

co de byentering a command without an initial dot Use the M command to

reenable the macroconsole The macroconsole is also disabled by installing option

jump er J

V Print the pro cessor description string and micro co de version numb er

W data Perform a WCTRLF instruction using the argument This is provided to allow manip

ulation of the auxiliary p ort when the macroconsole may not b e running The data

argumentcontains the WCTRLF bits The bits whichcontrol the auxiliary p ort are

Name V alue Function

CFSET B Set selected bits

CFCLR B Clear selected bits

CFDTR Auxiliary Data Terminal Ready

CFAPE Auxiliary Port Enable

CFRTS Auxiliary Request ToSend

To enable the auxiliary p ort typ e W to disable the auxiliary p ort typ e

W

Index

Index

Disk File Structures Accounts

Disks Acj program

Disks formatting Actgen program

Argument viii

Emergency Power O

AutoBo ot Structure see Bo ot Structure

Ethernet standards

Auxiliary Console

File Access

Backup p olicy

Group

Battery installation

Other

Bo ot Structure

Owner

File Back Up

Bo otstrapping

File protection

BS

File Structures

Finger Program Cables external tap e drive

Cables SCSI

Galaxy system

Capabilities see Privileges

Galgen program

Channel Number

Group File Access

CheckD program

Groups

CheckD program

Guide Words viii

Circuit breakers

Command Recognition vii

Indicators

Conguration network

Installation

Conguration system

Connected Directory

Lab eled Tap e

Connector console

Lab eled Tap es

Connector RS

Lamps diagnostic

Connectors Ethernet

Login Directory

Connectors SCSI

Login Pro cedure

Console Commands

Login Structure

Console p orts

lp d Proto col

Console Terminal

Lptspl program

Contributed Program

Co oling

Mail and usernames

Maintenance Privilege

Data Back Up

Mo dem connection

Data Recovery

MONITREXE le

Dbedit program

Directories

Network addresses

Directory Login

Network connection

Disconnecting Means

Network connection indicators

Index

Op erator Privilege

Op erator system

OPR program

Other File Access

Owner File Access

Parameter viii

Password

Password op erator

Password user

Passwords

Power AC

Power emergency cuto

Printer UNIX

Printers network

Printers shared

Privileges

PS

Public Structure

Rack mounting

Recognition Command vii

SCSI cables

SCSI connectors

SCSI standard

SCSI Target IDs

Security

Setspd program

StandAlone Op eration

Structure Manipulation see CheckD program

Structure File

Swapping Structure

Sysdpy program

System Structure see also Boot

Structure

Tape Drive Allocation

TapeLabels

Tape track

Tcpspl program

TDBoot program

Terminal Console

Terminal network

User

User IDs

UserName

Wheel Privile ge