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Tesis: “Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial Y Propiedad Intelectual” UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MORELOS FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES DIVISIÓN DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE POSGRADO DOCTORADO EN DERECHO Y GLOBALIZACIÓN CON ACREDITACIÓN PNPC (002764) TESIS: “PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL Y PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL” PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTORA EN DERECHO Y GLOBALIZACIÓN P R E S E N T A: M. EN. D. NANCY JAZMIN PÉREZ RAMÍREZ DIRECTOR: DR. VÍCTOR MANUEL CASTRILLÓN Y LUNA PROFESOR – INVESTIGADOR SNI II. UAEM CO-DIRECTOR: DR. MANUEL BECERRA RAMÍREZ PROFESOR – INVESTIGADOR EMÉRITO. UNAM CUERNAVACA, MORELOS. NOVIEMBRE 2019. RECONOCIMIENTO ESTA TESIS FUE REALIZADA POR BECARIO NACIONAL CONACYT EN EL PROGRAMA EDUCATIVO PNCP (602609) DE DOCTORADO EN DERECHO Y GLOBALIZACIÓN II En memoria de mi pequeñito Elías Yakín. Siempre te guardaré como un tesoro en mi corazón. III A la UAEM y al IIJ-UNAM, por la valiosa oportunidad de formarme en sus aulas. ¡Son un paradigma de justicia social! A mis maestros, Dr. Víctor M. Castrillón y Luna y Dr. Manuel Becerra Ramírez por su confianza y nobles consejos. A Dios, por todo lo que me ha brindado. A Elías, por su gallardía y enseñarme a vivir sin reservas. A Zazil, por su dulzura e iluminar mis días con sus sonrisas. A Mateo, por colmarme de alegría y esperanza. A Juan Manuel, por andar a mi lado en cada paso. A mamá, por ser mi amiga irremplazable. A papá, dónde quiera que esté, por su fiel compañía. A familiares y amigos, por su cariño y lealtad. IV ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL CAPÍTULO PRIMERO APROXIMACIÓN AL PROBLEMA Y MARCO CONCEPTUAL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL. I.1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ..................................................................................... 1 I.2. APROXIMACIÓN AL PROBLEMA. ......................................................... 2 I.2.1. Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial y la amenaza de la Globalización. .. 2 I.2.2. Marco normativo insuficiente e inapropiado. .................................... 5 I.2.2.1. Deficiencia e inadecuación de la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor. ......................................................................................................... 5 a) Algunos ejemplos de apropiación o uso indebido de expresiones culturales tradicionales o del folclore. ............................................................. 9 b) Algunos ejemplos de apropiación o uso indebido de conocimientos tradicionales. ........................................................................................ 18 c) Semblanza del impacto negativo de la Biopiratería.......................... 24 I.2.2.2. Insuficiencia de las Iniciativas de Ley General de Cultura. .......... 25 I.2.2.3. Disposiciones dispersas en Leyes sobre el Patrimonio Cultural. 28 I.3. CONCEPTO DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL. ............... 31 I.4. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL. 34 I.4.1. Interioridad. ........................................................................................ 35 I.4.2. Colectivo. ............................................................................................ 35 I.4.3. Vivo y dinámico.................................................................................. 36 I.4.4. Intangible. ........................................................................................... 36 I.4.5. Valor simbólico. ................................................................................. 37 I.4.6. Vulnerable. ......................................................................................... 37 I.5. CLASIFICACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL Y SUS PELIGROS ANTE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN. ........................................... 38 I.5.1.Tradiciones y expresiones orales, incluido el idioma. .................... 38 V I.5.2. Artes del espectáculo. ....................................................................... 39 I.5.3. Usos sociales, rituales y actos festivos. ......................................... 40 I.5.4. Conocimientos y usos relacionados con la naturaleza y el universo. ...................................................................................................... 41 I.5.5. Técnicas artesanales tradicionales. ................................................. 41 I.5.6. ¿Manifestaciones urbanas? Posición personal. ............................. 42 I.6. PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERAL DE MÉXICO. ........................ 47 1.6.1. Inventarios nacionales. .................................................................... 56 I.7. CONCLUSIONES. .................................................................................. 69 CAPÍTULO SEGUNDO PROTECCIÓN JURÍDICA DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL EN EL MUNDO. II.1 INTRODUCCIÓN. ................................................................................... 70 II.2. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA DE LOS MODELOS DE ESTADOS PLURICULTURALES. .................................................................................. 71 II.2.1. Modelos de gestión de la diversidad cultural. ................................ 71 II.2.2. Del asimilacionismo jurídico al integracionismo jurídico. ............ 74 II.3. PANORAMA MUNDIAL. ....................................................................... 80 II.3.1. Países que protegen el Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial a través de leyes generales. .......................................................................................... 84 II.3.2. Países que protegen el Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial a través de leyes especiales. ......................................................................................... 87 II.4. EXPERIENCIAS INTERNACIONALES PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL. .................................................. 88 VI II.4.1. Una visión de conjunto de países latinoamericanos (Brasil, Costa Rica, Perú, Nicaragua, Venezuela y Ecuador). ......................................... 89 II.4.1.1. Derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas sobre sus conocimientos tradicionales..................................................................... 90 II.4.2. Colombia. .......................................................................................... 94 II.4.3. Bolivia. ............................................................................................... 96 II.4.4. Panamá. ............................................................................................. 99 II.4.5. China. ............................................................................................... 104 II.4.6. España. ............................................................................................ 105 II.5. CONCLUSIONES. ............................................................................... 110 II.6. ANEXOS. ............................................................................................. 112 II.6.1. Anexo 1. ........................................................................................... 112 II.6.2. Anexo 2. ......................................................................................... 113 II.6.3. Anexo 3. ........................................................................................... 114 II.6.4. Anexo 4. ........................................................................................... 116 CAPÍTULO TERCERO MARCO JURÍDICO INTERNACIONAL PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL III.1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ............................................................................... 117 III.2. NORMATIVIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA EDUCACIÓN, LA CIENCIA Y LA CULTURA (UNESCO). ............................................................................... 120 III.2.1. Recomendación sobre la Salvaguarda de la Cultura Tradicional y Popular (1989). ....................................................................................... 120 III.2.2. Declaración Universal sobre la Diversidad Cultural (2001) ........ 125 VII III.2.3. Convención para la Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial (2003)........................................................................................ 127 III.2.4.Convención sobre la Protección y Promoción de la Diversidad de las Expresiones Culturales (2005). .......................................................... 129 III.3. NORMATIVIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL (OMPI). .......................... 133 III.3.1. El Protocolo de Swakopmund sobre la Protección de los Conocimientos Tradicionales y las Expresiones del Folclore en el marco de la Organización Regional Africana de la Propiedad Intelectual (2010). ...................................................................................... 134 III.3.2. Reuniones del Comité Intergubernamental sobre Propiedad Intelectual y Recursos Genéticos, Conocimientos Tradicionales y Folclore (CIG). ........................................................................................... 136 III.3.2.1. Trigésima segunda sesión del Comité Intergubernamental sobre Propiedad Intelectual y Recursos Genéticos, Conocimientos Tradicionales y Folclore (CIG). ........................................................... 139 III.3.2.2. Trigésima cuarta sesión del Comité Intergubernamental sobre Propiedad Intelectual y Recursos Genéticos, Conocimientos Tradicionales y Folclore (CIG) ............................................................ 141 III.3.2.3. Trigésima sexta sesión del Comité Intergubernamental sobre Propiedad Intelectual y Recursos Genéticos, Conocimientos Tradicionales y Folclore (CIG) ...........................................................
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