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Migración Y Cultura Nuria Sanz El presente volumen es el testimonio de las Jornadas sobre Fronteras, Culturas y Migraciones, que se ce- Ha desempeñado diversos cargos dentro de Organiza- lebraron en la ciudad de Tijuana convocadas por la ciones Multilaterales, tales como el Consejo de Europa Oficina en México Oficina de la UNESCO en México, con la colaboración y especialmente en la UNESCO. En 2008 fue nombrada interinstitucional del Consejo Nacional para la Cultu- Organización Directora para América Latina y el Caribe en el Cen- de las Naciones Unidas ra y las Artes (Conaculta), El Colegio de la Frontera para la Educación, tro de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO en París, don- la Ciencia y la Cultura Norte (El Colef) y la Secretaría de Relaciones Exte- de coordinó la nominación más extensa en la historia riores (SRE). de la Convención de 1972, la del Sistema Vial Andino a la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial, proyecto elegido por Recoge aportaciones multidisciplinarias sobre la de- la Cumbre de Jefes de Estado de América Latina y el fensa del derecho a la cultura, la responsabilidad de Caribe como ejemplo de excelencia para la integración las administraciones públicas, el transnacionalismo, la cultural de los pueblos indígenas. Con más de 20 publi- transculturación, la diversidad cultural o la hibridación. caciones sobre Patrimonio Mundial, se desempeña des- La Oficina de la UNESCO en México y el Colegio de la Frontera Norte se han dado de 2013 como Directora y Representante de la UNESCO El contenido de las intervenciones se estructura en en México, impulsando el trabajo a nivel federal, estatal a la tarea de reflexionar sobre el binomio migración y cultura como fenómenos torno a la actividad migratoria de los seres humanos, y municipal, dentro del mandato de la Organización en indisociablemente unidos a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, y que cobran y a la idea de frontera en su más amplio sentido, más materia de Cultura, Ciencia, Educación y Comunicación. ahora una relevancia especial de acuerdo a su complejidad y dinámica, obligando allá del geográfico. Se trata de un abanico de reflexio- Asimismo, coordina internacionalmente el programa te- a proponer otras formas de análisis y metodologías desde las ciencias sociales nes e ideas en relación con el fenómeno migratorio y mático de la UNESCO “Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones, su interacción con la cultura, abordando cinco temá- para definir las representaciones de las diversidades e identidades culturales en Migraciones y Desarrollos Sociales” (HEADS, por sus si- ticas generales: cultura y migración; cultura y desa- glas en inglés). movimiento. rrollo; diversidad, identidades y fronteras; diversidad cultural, arte y migración; y periodismo y migración. En este contexto, y convocadas por ambas instituciones, se organizaron las Jor- José Manuel Valenzuela nadas sobre Fronteras, Culturas y Migraciones, celebradas los días 28 y 29 de Es así que las aportaciones de esta publicación se vuelven imprescindibles ante el desafío de construir mayo de 2015 en la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California. El seminario tuvo como fina- un mundo más justo, solidario y diverso en un momen- Doctor en Ciencias Sociales con especialidad en So- lidad analizar el fenómeno migratorio desde una dimensión cultural que integrara ciología por El Colegio de México. Es profesor-inves- to decisivo de la historia de la humanidad. tigador del Departamento de Estudios Culturales de perspectivas multidisciplinarias y que conjugara la experiencia de funcionarios El Colegio de la Frontera Norte y miembro del Siste- del sistema internacional de Naciones Unidas, de los servidores públicos, de los MIGRACIÓN ma Nacional de Investigadores (nivel III) del Conacyt. representantes nacionales e internacionales de la academia, así como de artistas Actualmente se desempeña como Secretario Gene- y líderes de la comunicación. ral Académico de El Colef. Sus investigaciones han abordado temas relacionados con cultura e identidad, fronteras culturales, movimientos sociales, culturas El volumen da inicio a una serie de publicaciones que aparecen con la voluntad Y CULTURA juveniles, sociología urbana, cultura popular, las nue- de amplificar el debate y definir recomendaciones para elaborar políticas públicas vas identidades sociales y las prácticas sociocultura- nacionales y subnacionales, así como para orientar la investigación académica Nuria Sanz y José Manuel Valenzuela Arce les vinculadas al narcotráfico. aplicada, integrando al debate el campo de la producción artística, con la finalidad Coordinación y edición de contribuir desde México a la implementación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas. Oficina en México Organización www.colef.mx de las Naciones Unidas 9 789233 000544 para la Educación, http://www.unesco.org/new/es/mexico/ la Ciencia y la Cultura MIGRACIÓN Y CULTURA MIGRACIÓN 170214_Migración y cultura_RM .indd 3 2/28/17 12:44 Oficina en México Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura 170214_Migración y cultura_RM .indd 5 2/28/17 12:44 Migración y cultura / Nuria Sanz, José Manuel Valenzuela Arce, coordinadores. — Tijuana : El Colegio de la Frontera Norte : México, D. F.: unesco, 2016. 244 p. ; 14 x 21.5 cm isbn: 978-607-479-235-5 (El Colef) isbn: 978-92-3-300054-4 (unesco) i. Inmigrantes — Vida Social y costumbres — Congresos. 2. Migración interna — Congresos. 3. Emigración e inmigración — Aspectos sociales. i. Sanz, Nuria. ii. Valenzue- la Arce, José Manuel. iii. El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana, Baja California). iv. unesco (México, D. F.). JV 7398 M5375 2016 Primera edición D. R. © 2016, Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 París 07 SP, Francia la Oficina de la unesco en México, Avenida Presidente Masaryk 526, Tercer Piso, Colonia Polanco, CP 11560, Ciudad de México, México. D. R. © 2016, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte A. C. Carretera escénica Tijuana–Ensenada km 18.5, San Antonio del Mar, 22560, Tijuana, Baja California, México. www.colef.mx unesco isbn: 978-92-3-300054-4 El Colef isbn: 978-607-479-235-5 Esta publicación está disponible en acceso abierto bajo la licencia Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY- SA 3.0 IGO) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). Al utilizar el contenido de la presente publicación, los usuarios aceptan las condiciones de utilización del Repositorio unesco de acceso abierto (www.unesco.org/open-access/terms- use-ccbysa- sp). Los términos empleados en esta publicación y la presentación de los datos que en ella aparecen no implican toma alguna de posición de parte de la unesco en cuanto al estatuto jurídico de los países, territorios, ciudades o regiones ni respecto de sus autoridades, fronteras o límites. Las ideas y opiniones expresadas en esta obra son las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente el punto de vista de la unesco ni comprometen a la Organización. Los siguientes textos son transcripciones de las presentaciones que tuvieron lugar en las Jornadas sobre Fron- teras, Culturas y Migraciones del 28 y 29 de mayo de 2015, aceptadas por sus autores para ser reproducidas en su versión coloquial: “Diversidad y migración”, de Jorge A. Bustamante Fernández (pp. 29-32); “La migración: un tema transversal”, de Marcia de Castro (pp. 55-59); “Cultura, economía y desarrollo”, de Ernesto Piedras (pp. 67-72); “Culturas populares y poblaciones migrantes en la frontera”, Alejandra Fraustro (pp. 93-97); “He- cho en México: grafiti y arte urbano en la frontera”, de Alfredo “Libre” Gutiérrez (pp. 141-142); “A través de la frontera”, de Pedro Ochoa (pp. 199-204); “Cultura y migración”, de Gerardo Estrada (pp. 205-208). Idea original y concepción de la publicación: Nuria Sanz, Oficina de la unesco en México Coordinación y edición: Nuria Sanz y José Manuel Valenzuela Arce Coordinación editorial: Érika Moreno Páez, El Colef / Elisa Gutiérrez, Oficina de la unesco en México Corrección y formación: Editorial Página Seis Lectura de pruebas: José Pulido Mata, Oficina de la unesco en México / Amaranta Caballero Prado, El Colef Diseño de portada: Ananda Ramírez / David Pérez Gestión de acuerdo de coedición: Chantal Connaughton Fotografías interiores: Alfonso Caraveo Castro Impreso en México / Printed in Mexico 170214_Migración y cultura_RM .indd 6 2/28/17 12:44 Índice Prólogo 11 Nuria Sanz Prólogo 15 Tonatiuh Guillén López Introducción 21 Nuria Sanz y José Manuel Valenzuela Arce Cultura y migración Diversidad y migración 29 Jorge A. Bustamante Fernández El sentido y significado de la migración 33 Rafael G. Alarcón Acosta La cultura del migrante indígena: rutas y travesías 37 Stefano Varese Una visión jurídica de la migración. El derecho consular al servicio de la diplomacia federativa hacia los Estados Unidos de América 41 Eliseo Muro Ruiz Cultura y desarrollo Cultura del desarrollo 49 Martín Hopenhayn La migración: un tema transversal 55 Marcia de Castro Desarrollo, las tecnologías y los saberes milenarios 61 Laura Elena Sotelo Santos Cultura, economía y desarrollo 67 Ernesto Piedras Circulación poblacional y antropología del desarrollo 73 Neyra Patricia Alvarado Solís 170214_Migración y cultura_RM .indd 7 2/28/17 12:44 migración y cultura Diversidad, identidades y fronteras Cultura, interculturalidad y migraciones 83 Gilberto Giménez Montiel Culturas populares y poblaciones migrantes en la frontera 93 Alejandra Fraustro Gestión cultural y democracia cultural 99 Sergio Rommel Alfonso Guzmán Frontera, cultura y migración 105 José Manuel Valenzuela Arce Migración y fronteras 113 Rodolfo Cruz Piñeiro Diversidad cultural, arte y migración Tres viñetas sobre migración y cultura 123 José Luis Martínez y Hernández Arte, cultura y migración 127 Roberto Rosique Danzas transculturales 135 Minerva Tapia Hecho en México: grafiti y arte urbano en la frontera 141 Alfredo “Libre” Gutiérrez Derechos culturales y migración Biculturalidad 145 Sergio Alcocer Martínez de Castro Migraciones, derechos humanos y cambio cultural 153 Luis Raúl González Pérez Interculturalidades. Notas para reflexionar sobre la cultura y la interculturalidad 161 José M.
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