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PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OF CANADA

July 1951 CONTENTS Vol. 4 No. 1

FEATURES

British Columbia 3 Digby (Part 2). 6 Great Slave Lake Fishery 8

CANADIAN FISHERIES NEWS

I. C . N. A. F . Meetings 9 In South Africa 9 Pulp Effluents Controlled 10 International Fleet 10 New Research Institute 10 T Shediac Festival 11 ma] Protection Programme 11 who New Gill-Net Ruling 11 Pearl Essence Plant 11 cea DOMESTIC PRODUCTION viv( ery 12 Atlantic Coast Fisheries plat 12 Canadian Fish Exports Sou 13 Fishery Figures for May who ove FISHERIES NEWS FROM ABROAD of t in t Norwegian Fishery Exports 14 Makes Record Herring Catch 14 15 Norway: Export Table, January - March, 1951 ter , 16 Scientists Locate Herring Sho als and con 17 CURRENT READING ver oth ear COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Canadian fishermen emptying the cod end of an otter trawl net. dat me: not] may be reprinted although referen4 The contents of "TRADE NEWS" have not been copyrighted and mai to the source would be appreciated. For further information regarding "TRADE NEWS" write to the H ov Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, West Block, Ottawa,Canada scil Director of wha

- 2 - Nritish Columbia Whalimg

19 51 No: 1

he history of British Columbia whaling goes The tagging consists of piercing the of T back to the early part of the century, when as the with a small , which is marked many as 1,000 were taken annually by several with codes indicating the date and place, after the whaling stations operated along the coast. manner in which fish are tagged. The harpoon is left in the whale and, being small, it does no permanent injury. When a percentage of these tagged whales The industry declined during the 1930's and are taken later in commercial operations a good deal ceased entirely during the war years. It was re- more should be known abouf them. So far the tag- vived in 1947 when combined British Columbia fish- ging has not gone beyond the experimental stage. ery operators purchased a former R.C.A.F. sea- plane station at Coal Harbour, at the head of Quatsino Sound, Vancouver Island, and converted it into a Several varieties of whale frequent the British whaling station. Subsequently the venture was taken Columbia coast but they can be classified in two over by one British Columbia firm and it is now one groups, the and the whale. of the most modern and effective plants of its kind Toothed whales include the sperm and the bottle- in the world. nose, the latter somewhat rare in these waters. Baleen type whales include the blue, finbacks, hump- The Pacific whale is still something of a mys- backs and sei. They have no teeth but are equipped tery. Appearing off the coast of British Columbia with a comb-like arrangement--b aleen- -in the and as far south as California in early summer they mouth, through which is strained the minute crus- come in groups termed 'pods,' and for a time are taceans upon which these species feed. In the very very much in evidence. Weather conditions and early days of whaling, baleen-- was the only thing other factors usually bring an end to whaling in the taken, the rest of the carcass being discarded. early autumn. This fact and the lack of biological Baleen was then termed whalebone and was used data (which in itself depends largely upon the com- for the manufacture of corsets, rulers and similar mercial operations) has meant that so far little or articles. nothing is known of the habits or movements of these gh reference mammals through the winter and spring months. The stays fairly close to the sur- rite to the However a method of tagging has been developed and face, but the sperm, its head one third the length of nva,Conodo. scientists are hopeful that the life history of the its body and filled with an oily wax, can sound to whale may in time become a matter of record. great depths and stay submerged for as long as 45 minutes. The largest whale is the blue, which may In Atlantic whaling the skipper usually is also The car( the gunner. On the British Columbia coast only two is grow as long as 100 feet. skippers do their own harpooning. Later, as new- into a ha The company operates three steam whaling comers gain experience in the ways of this coast, vessels and two diesel engined catchers, the latter the old traditions are likely to be followed. To en- Pi being converted packers which are used in the sal- able the captain of a to get quickly from been de: mon fisheries during the off-season for whales. In bridge to gun platform a long catwalk extends from simple; addition the re is an experimental ship, the bridge to bow. This and the low freeboard are the value he "Speedmac," which is used for research in connec- identifying marks of a whaler. or solub tion with improved methods of hunting and despatch- In ing whales. This vessel is to be used for making EFFECT OF tests with an electrical harpoon. At the present raw mai time whales are killed by means of a harpoon carry- Frequently one harpoon is effective, but a lot sure and ing an explosive charge in the head, fired from a depends on the way the whale is swimming and the F. Grad gun mounted in the bow of the whaler. state of the sea atthe critical moment when the mis- frequent sile is fired. Only the first harpoon is attached to a valved ( line; subsequent shots are for the purpose of killing 'steps', the whale as quickly as possible. As soon as it is tank. /v put out of action the ship draws alongside and a hol- formed low tube is forced into the animal's side. Attached to anoth to the tube is a hose, through which air is pumped to the fi into the carcass so that it will remain afloat. The off. Th prize is then marked with flagged and lighted buoys producti and the hunt goes on for other whales. further oil stork in resid In the B. C. whaling operations the catchers action. tow their own whales into Winter Harbour, an ad- vance station inside the shelter of Quatsino Sound. From there tow boats take the whales to the station M at Coal Harbour. The catcher tows from the bow, the utili taking as many as three whales at each side, tails have be4 uppermost. Before they are delivered to the tow due fror Steam Whaler "Globe 7" at Coal Harbour boats a niche is cut into the tail for every harpoon materia whaling While the modern whaler is a far cry from the lodged in the carcass; this is to assure recovery of sailing vessels first used in this industry, one old the harpoons and to prevent damage to machinery. custom prevails. From a crow's nest atop the fore- Mast the cry is still ''Thar she blows" when a During the present season the B.C. Whaling spouter is sighted. The word goes quickly around fleet has operated from 40 to 150 miles out into the to make and all hands watch for the first direct sight, Pacific, mostly off the west coast of Vancouver Is- process as the ship alters course and bears down towards land. Whales, however, mostly humpbacks, are the quarry. Soon the naked eye can pick it up and frequently seen in inside waters, penetrating as far centrifu speculate as to the species. The angle of direc- as the big fjords which cut deeply into the mainland Into the tion of the spout when the whale is blowing is one coast. the oil indication. A sperm whale blows very frequently. high spe The finback shows a long and graceful shape, barely of meat, While at sea the keep in touch with the above the surface; the humpback, in the act of sound- sion. T station by means of radio telephone. When the catch ing exposes a large curved part of its back. The meal ou . reaches Coal Harbour everything is ready and it is blue looks very much like the finback, but larger; it of a clea disposed of in an incredibly short space of time. is often difficult to distinguish between a finback and min val., Winches haul the whales from the dock up a big con- stickwat a small at a distance. crete ramp, formerly a landing place for seaplanes, nical op and skilled workers using '' knives begin Skill and the knowledge of the whaling skipper plant in now become of prime importance. He must get to stripping off the 'blubber', the fatty outer layers of the spot at full speed, before the whale sounds. To whales. The flensers make preliminary incisions, TI miss a sperm is to give it another 45 minutes' grace, and a strip of blubber is cut by hand and fastened to process in which time it may move almost anywhere. The a cable. The flensers cut and trim as the whale is trate fr skipper must guess its course, judge its speed, and hauled up and the blubber is stripped in much the values. try to be at the estimated breaking point at a time same manner as the pelt is stripped from land ani- by subs( when the whale is due up for a breather. Arrived at mals. When one side has been stripped the whale is substano the spot where the whale is on the surface he must turned over by winch and the process is repeated. tural fe ■ cut his engines and coast to within 50 yards or less; Within a few minutes the blubber has all been re- to give a the noise of engines and the thud of churning propel- moved and pulled up another ramp onto a deck, enrich= ler will often send the quarry diving in a hurry. where it is fed into manholes leading into digesters.

-4- sually is also The carcass also goes to the upper deck, and whale Following the process of whale meat from oast only two meat is cut by hand into pieces small enough to feed hashing machines the rough ground product is con- ;ter, as new- into a hashing machine. veyed into bins from which it is propelled by worm , f this coast, drive . through a continuous steam cooker. This is a wed. To en- Processes carried out at Coal Harbour have long cylinder heated by steam jets and when the luickly from been described by company officials as basically meat emerges at the point of egress it is thoroughly extends from simple; everything is cooked until the last ounce of cooked. It is then put through a press which squeezes oard are the value has been extracted and turned into oil, meal out oil and other liquids. These go through the regu- or solubles.

In the rendering of blubber into the raw material goes into cookers at 50 pounds pres- ive, but a lot sure and at a temperature of more than 300 degrees ning and the F. Gradually it becomes a 'mush' as chemists make rhen the mis - frequent checks. When sufficiently cooked it is attached to a valved off into settling tanks which are serried in Dse of killing 'steps', each one a few inches below the preceding soon as it is tank. Most of the oil floats on top of the liquid le and a hol- formed during cooking and thus goes from one tank Le. Attached to another by an outlet near the top. Water is added ✓ is pumped to the first tank to raise the oil until it is all poured afloat. The off. This progress from tank to tank results in the ighted buoys production of a large percentage of pure oil without further treatment, and this is pumped directly into oil storage tanks. A small proportion of oil is left in residual liquids and is extracted by centrifugal the catchers Stripping Blubber in Flensing Operation tour, an ad- action. tsino Sound. lar system, described above, to free oils and stick- o the station Modern production engineers look closely to water primaries. Dm the bow, the utilization of what, under older methods, would i side, tails have been regarded as waste. Nowadays the resi- There remains in the press a meal 'cake' which due from one phase of an operation becomes the raw to the tow is conveyed to an open flame dryer to be converted ery harpoon material for a successive step. In the Coal Harbour into meal. it is between leaving the press and enter- recovery of whaling station this principle is much in evidence. ing the dryer that concentrated solubles from machinery. the stickwater plant are sprayed on the meal in fine CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES jets. Having passed through the dryers, the dry . C. Whaling cake is blown by fans through large pipes into the out into the Two basic chemical techniques are employed meal room. Here it is ground into the consistency tncouver Is- to make sure that no valuable substance is lost in of flour and packed into 100-pounds sacks. This is >backs, are processing. The first of these involves the use of the final stage of the whale meal operation. The •ating as far centrifugal machines known as Super D. Canters. product is used exclusively for animal and he mainland Into these units come soupy liquids, residue from feeding. the oil digesters and the meat press. Whirling at high speed, the machines separate the fine particles Appreciation of the value of vitamins, which of meat, bone and tissue which have been in suspen- has been a prominent feature of B.C. fishery indus- Lich with the sion. These ultimately become part of the whale trial development in the past 20 years, has a promi- en the catch meal output. What is left is something in the nature nent position in the scheme of things at Coal Harbour. idy and it is of a clear soup; still having certain protein andvita- Here the livers of whales are utilized for vitamin A. ce of time. p a big con- min values, but in solution form. This is called stickwater and is the raw material for a second tech- seaplanes, Livers go through three stages - maceration, nical operation, carried out in a costly and elaborate lives begin digestion and solution. After being cut out by hand plant in another part of the station. ✓ layers of the livers are finely ground and steam heated in a • incisions, digester. This frees the vitamin A content. A pick- fastened to The stickwater plant is an innovation in whale up oil (usually ordinary whale oil) is added to take he whale is processing. Its purpose is to remove and concen- the vitamin A in solution. n much the trate from residual liquids all protein and vitamin m land ani- values. This is achieved by the adding of acids and Even the viscera of the whale is put through he whale is by subsequent evaporation, producing a treacle-like these systems of digesting, separating and extract- s repeated. substance, which is either sold as it is to agricul- ing so that every possible form of food value is uti- 11 been re- tural feed blenders or mixed in with the whale meal lized. In fact, about the only part of the whale that tto a deck, to give added protein content as well as vitamin B 12 goes back into the sea is the water which was in its digesters. enrichment. body when it was caught. However, comparison of the fishing effort, then and Manan Is: now, is difficultbecause the boats now used are much swam out DO, Scallops larger and are more efficient than those used during in. the early days of the fishery. A s. Second of a series of two articles Digby flee When a good fishing day comes along, the By JAMES KINLOCH of the adt fleet goes out before dawn and stays out until after United St. dark. A good day's catch, with about 25 hauls of meat, whi 20 minutes each, runs between 400 and 500 pounds reddish-b hen the skipper of a Digby scalloping vessel of . The biggest catches are made in the mantl W lowers his drags overboard, he's risking a- the autumn. They drop during the winter months black, wi. bout $500 worth of equipment, and for this reason and pick up again in the spring. ovary, wl each boat is provided with a new towing cable every is greeni, year, whether or not the old one shows signs of with the s wear. The cost of this towing warp alone is $150. For many years, the principal market for Bay quite tast The drag bar, or whiffle tree, is worth $90, the of Fundy scallops was Boston, but recently increas- body, inc: drags, of which there are seven, are worth $35 each. ing amounts are being sold in Canada. Boston's and the I: The rough bottom of the Bay of Fundy is hard on the chief source of supply is the extensive scallop ground occasiona wire rings of which the nets are built, and these on Georges Bank, discovered in the late 1920's, which men spea have to be renewed constantly -- so often that the is fished by scalloping vessels much larger than those meat, as net, as a whole, can be expected to last not more of the Digby type. These draggers carry crews of 10 than two weeks of fishing days. to 12 men, fish 24 hours a day, using drags with The scraper bars 11 feet long, and return to port after a texture, week or more with as much as 17,000 pounds of of the oys scallop meat. One such vessel, the "Elaine W.," is Canadian-owned, operating out of Halifax. The the muscl large catches made on Georges Bank, of course, eter from have a strong effect on the price, which should these 50-cent p days be over 40 cents a pound to the fisherman to provide a reasonable profit. In 5 in his lef wards hin FIRM GROUND NECESSARY hand bets from the The best ground for scallops is a firm, grav- and in a I elly bed or else a sand bottom liberally strewn with thumb, pt shells. This has been shown not only by the re- the meat sults of fishing but in photographs taken with an un- The meat derwater camera by investigators of the Atlantic Biological Station of the Fisheries Research Board In t] of Canada. ing was dc abandonec Because of the difference in bottom, drags to carry i used by Prince Edward Island fishermen, while fun- shucked, damentally the same as the Digby rigs, are equipped tierce cor with blunt teeth which keep the frames a little clear in the Bo of the ocean floor so that small objects will not clut- the scallo ter up the nets. ken ashor they are Some fishermen have a theory that the scal- packed in lops can sometimes see the drags approaching and were shit are able to escape by swimming clear. Young scallops in ice, bi are called seed, or button scallops, and the spawn, and some like that of , is called spat. During much of its early life the scallop is anchored to the bottom A s Emptying scallop drag after haul by a tuft of elastic filaments called a byssus, but wrap ther just after it is spawned and in the larval stages it cardboar Inthe average winter season, October 1 to April has a special swimming organ, the velum, with which canned, b it moves. Again, as an adult it can move freely by 30, a Digby "high-liner" makes a catch of 18,000 eaten frie pounds of scallop meats, but the average for the opening and closing the valves of its shell. This whole fleet is only about 12,000 pounds per vessel. forces water through openings near the hinge and The At one time, in the 1930's, nearly 90 boats comprised propels the animal forward. An attempt made by a varying f the fleet, but this number has dwindled to about 20. deep sea diver to pick scallops by hand off Grand

-6- ort, then and Manan Island failed when he found that the animals sionally the insides of the shells are tinged with sed are much swam out of his basket as fast as he could put them purple. These are called "blue" shells by fisher- used during in. men, who often sell them for use as ashtrays or ornaments. Any extra revenue from shells or other A second theory held by some members of the side products provides what the fisherman calls Digby fleet is that scallops migrate. The only part "glove" money -- similar to the pin money brought along, the of the adult animal which is eaten in Canada and the in by the farm wife's hen coop. In the case of the it until after United States is the adductor muscle, known as the fisherman it goes to buy the heavy rubber gloves 2 5 hauls of meat, which joins the flat whitelower and the cupped, which are a recurrent and annoying item of expense, 500 pounds reddish-brown shell. The other fleshy parts include as the wear and tear of handling rocks and the sharp are made in the mantle lip, which is reddish brown, yellow or edged shells can ruin a pair of gloves in two days of iter months black, with a semi-circular row of many eyes; the heavy work. ovary, which is red, and the stomach gland, which is greenish brown. These are all discarded along The shells are marked by grooves which radi- with the shell in shucking. Scallop is said to be ate from the hinge to the outer rim; other grooves rket for Bay quite tasty and in some parts of Europe the whole in the shell are concentric and a new one is formed tly increas- body, including the muscle, is eaten, but in Canada each spring, like the rings in tree trunks. These .. Boston's and the United States the body is discarded except annual rings, by their distance from each other,show allop ground occasionally, when it is used as fish bait. Fisher- the rate of growth from year to year. It has been 120's, which men speak of the flesh of the scallop, outside the found that the greatest increase in the weight of the ;1- than those meat, as the "rim" or "frill". meat occurs between the fourth and fifth years. In crews of 10 the time of growth between a shell diameter of three drags with and one-half inches and one of four and one-half The scallop meat is creamy white, with firm port after a inches, the weight of the meat is doubled. ) pounds of texture, and its protein value is high -- twice that :laine W.," of the . It seldom weighs more than an ounce; ilifax. The the muscle of a legal-sized scallop ranges in diam- GROWTH SLOWS WITH AGE of course, eter from little more than that of a dime to that of a hould these 50-cent piece. It is about one inch deep. The scallop often reaches an age of 15 years, herman to but growth in the latter part of its life is slower than In shucking, the fisherman takes the scallop during the first few years. Bay of Fundy scallops in his left hand, with the hinged part pointing to- grow faster than those of Northumberland Strait. wards him. He then sticks a knife held in his right Like other , they feed on plankton and de- hand between the shells, cutting the muscle free tritus retained from the water which passes through from the flat shell. This allows the shells to open the two valves. The finestbeds are found where there firm, gray- and in a single motion the shucker, using knife and is a rapid flow of water. strewn with thumb, pulls away the flat shell and the rim, leaving by the re- the meat attached to the cupped shell in his left hand.. The shells of many species of mollusks, in- with an un- The meat is then scraped from the shell into a bucket. cluding scallops, are attacked by boring sponges, he Atlantic expecially when they become old and the lower valve, !arch Board In the early days of the Digby fishery all shuck- which is usually attacked first, becomes worn. The ing was done ashore but this practice has now been shell finally becomes honeycombed and the bodies abandoned. For most of the year it is not necessary inside shrunken and weak. Infected scallops have tom, drags to carry ice aboard a scalloping vessel. As they are dark meats which are flaccid and stringy and poor , while fun- shucked, the scallops are placed in a large one- in flavour. The boring sponge appears to leave re equipped tierce container and covered with sea water, which young animals alone, possibly because their shells little clear in the Bay of Fundy is cold enough to keep are smoother and harder to penetrate. ill not clut- the scallop meats fresh and alive until they are ta- ken ashore. Landed in five -gallon metal container s, they are washed, placed in one-gallon tins, and When excited, the scallop closes its valves t the scal- with a snap, and cod and fishermen some- Packed in ice for shipment. At one time scallops )aching and were shipped in 10-gallon wooden barrels, packed times find that scallops have closed on their trawl mg scallops in ice, but the meats did not chill quickly enough lines. Many of the best beds have been discovered the spawn, in this manner. and some of the quality was lost. ng much of the bottom Accidental discovery, however, is not enough A second method of marketing scallops is to lyssus, but to guarantee the fullest use of our scallop resources. wrap them in cellophane and place them in shallow 1 stages it The Fisheries Research Board, using chartered cardboard boxes for quick freezing. Others are with which draggers, and the fishermen themselves are making canned, but only in very small quantities. They are e freely by repeated exploratory trips in search of new beds.. eaten fried, stewed, creamed or raw. cell. This This and the application of conservation measures hinge and to ensure the wise use of natural stocks, have al- made by a The shells of the scallop are often colourful, ready shown, now that is has been developed, that off Grand varying from white to yellow and brown. Occa- this fishery can continue to be profitably exploited.

-7- great Slave ,Cake 3islrery L C. N ad weather delayed the starting of the sum- cessful one for both fishermen and the companies. B mer commercial fishing season on Great Slave The latter reported that with few exceptions, all Tenta Northwest Territories. Solid mass ice re- fishermen realized substantial monetary gains com- Internationa mained until the middle of June when it began to can- pared with the winter fishing season of 1949-50. Fisheries h ile and break into smaller floes. the Commis Of the winter quota of 4,000,000 pounds round weight, and whitefish, fishermen caught A me, 3,690,286 pounds. dam immed national Co I.C.E.S. rx Although conditions generally were better, the 1951. A m hazards of winter fishing on the lake were empha- St. Andrew: sized by the death of two fishermen who lost their ber, 1951. lives early in December when strong winds and mild self is schE weather opened up a section of the ice on Caribou Bay in Area 2. Another fatal accident was nar- Scien rowly averted in the same vicinity a few days later Canada me when a snowmobile with five occupants aboard was April 29 to driven into open water. The five escaped the sink- vestigation ing vehicle, and were able to reach shore. They presenting were picked up by aircraft and flown to Hay River. 5. These ; An airplane loaded with fish was also badly dam- on Septeml Prior to the start of fishing operations, Hay aged during the winter season when it crashed on report to River was a hive of activity as fishing boats were the ice of the lake. reconditioned and repainted, equipment checked, and motors overhauled. A new freighter was added Fishermen had to contend with considerable to help move the summer catch quota of 5,000,000 snow and on occasions the temperature reached 50 pounds, round weight, of whitefish and trout. degrees below zero. The snow, however, proved The an asset as it acted as an insulation preventing the mission is The freighter was transported overland to Hay formation of thick ice. Nowhere on the lake where ernment I River via the MacKenzie Highway. It is 42 feet in fishing took place did the ice reach a thickness of will be ava length with a beam of 12 feet, and is powered with over four feet. a 143 horsepower marine engine capable of 12 knots Fins Extensive patrol work was carried on by the per hour. for the o inspectors and guardians of the federal Department were grea of Fisheries, who travelled across the ice-coated Six companies are expected to operate on the Commissi lake in a Bombardier snowmobile. Not only did lake this summer and, with one exception, all will Andrews they carry out their duties of enforcement of regu- do their final packing for export at Hay River. panied the lations in regard to illegal fishing and inspection, Martin, o but also assisted fishermen who either got into dif- The winter season, which opened December 1, July. Th4 ficulties or whose equipment broke down. 1950, and closed March 31 of this year, was a suc- eries Res offices an Lake Athabaska Reopened to Fishing ization of • mission 1- of Canada Commercial fishing on Lake Athabaska, the 2 d largest lake in Saskatchewan, got under way again ti working on June 15 for the first time in four years. departme • AS Is L•sc„,,v,, agreed to

• accounts The surface area of Lake . Athabaska is 3,050 2, -,26 square miles, of which 2,160 are in Saskatchewan. , ' 9/. e •.• a The rest of the lake is in Alberta. Th4 e to attend Resumption of summer and winter fishing Panel 1 a there for the first time since 1947 is expected to France, raise Saskatchewan' s annual commercial output from LAKE ATHABASKA Dr. Mar eight to well over 10 million pounds. It is also ex- DEPTHS /N FATAONS eries Sta pected to add about $300,000 to the province's fish- Sc•cF lK /1A/Z ES ture Or c /0 1 , ing industry. mid-Nov

-8- CANADIAN FISHERIES NEWS

I. C. N A. F. Meetings In South Africa he companies. ceptions, all Tentative arrangements for meetings of the Canada was represented at the third annual ry gains corn- International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic meeting of the International Whaling Commission, f 1 949-50. Fisheries have been announced by Dr. W.R. Martin, which convened in Capetown, South Africa, on the Commission's Acting Executive Secretary. July 23, by George R. Clark, Assistant Deputy pounds round Minister of the federal Department of Fisheries. men caught A meeting of Panel 1 is to be held in Amster- Preliminary meetings commenced on July 19. dam immediately following the meeting of the Inter- national Council for the Exploration of the Sea. The E. S. meeting has been called for October 1-9, , re better, the 1951. A meeting of Panel 5 will probably be held in were empha- St. Andrews, N.B. , during the first week of Decem- vho lost their ber, 1951. The next meeting of the Commission it- inds and mild self is scheduled for June, 1952. e on Caribou nt was nar- Scientists representing the United States and ew days later Canada met at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, from :s aboard was April 29 to May 1, for discussions concerning in- aped the sink- vestigations and information required as a basis for ;hore. They presenting and supporting recommendations to panel to Hay River. 5. These scientists will meet again at St. Andrews badly dam- on September 17 to review their results and draft a t crashed on report to Panel 5.

:onsiderable REPORT DUE THIS YEAR reached 50 ver, proved The report of the first meeting of the Com- venting the mission is now in the hands of the United States Gov- lake where ernment Printing Office and it is expected that it ;hickness of will be available for distribution about October, 1951.

George R. Clark ed on by the Financial and Administrative arrangements Department for the operation of headquarters at St. Andrews Canada is one of 17 Contracting Governments ice -coated were greatly facilitated by the Chairman of the comprising the membership of the Commission, of only did Commission, Dr. Hilary J. Deason, who visited St. which was established when the International Con- !nt of regu- Andrews during the last week of June and accom- vention for the Regulation of Whaling went into inspection, panied the Acting Executive Secretary, Dr. W. R. force on November 10, 1946. The Commission is lot into dif- Martin, on a trip to Ottawa during the first week in charged with responsibility, within the framework of July. The Atlantic Biological Station of the Fish- the Convention, for safeguarding the whale stocks eries Research Board of Canada has provided two of the world. offices and has given full co-operation in the organ- ization of the Commission headquarters. The Com- This year's meeting dealt with such matters mission has noted that the Department of Fisheries as possible amendments of the Schedule of the Con- of Canada has been most helpful in establishing vention; action taken by member governments to working arrangements with various government promulgate certain laws and regulations concerning departments. The Canadian Auditor General has whaling in conformitywith the provisions of the Con- agreed to carry out the audit of the Commission's vention; the method of reporting infractions of the accounts for the year beginning July 1, 1951. regulations and the penalties for infraction; the sta- tus of ratification and adherence of several countries The Chairman and Executive Secretary plan to the Convention; possible amendments to the rules to attend the I. C. E. S. meeting and the meeting of of procedure, and administrative and budgetary Panel 1 at Amsterdam in October, and expect to visit matters. France, Spain and Italy following these meetings. IBALSKA Dr. Martin also plans to attend a meeting on Fish- Mr. Clark replaced Deputy Minister Stewart eries Statistics to be held at the Food and Agricul- Bates as Canadian Commissioner. His appointment ture Organization headquarters in Rome during is for a period of one year, and carries no remu- mid-November. neration. The prolific banks still provide generous catches The Pulp Effluents Controlled of cod, haddock and other groundfish to fill the holds research pr of the Canadian, American, Spanish, French and cific ship di Current industrial expansion on the Pacific Portuguese vessels and the men who haul the lines est efficieni Coast is bringing fresh problems daily for fishery still cheerfully endure dense fogs, bitter weather hopes to ai engineers and biologists. High-level hydro dams at and stormy seas to harvest the marine crop. interior points have their quota of special problems, for the expl of the open o but another set of questions confront the fishery sci- During the last week of June, the Department shelves, wl entist in the large manufacturing plants (made pos- of Fisheries' Protection Vessel "Cygnus" noted on exist, and sible by the hydro developments) at the various her log some 15 foreign fishing vessel, most of coastal points where they are being established. them of the trawler class, as she made a routine The patrol of the offshore grounds. The "Cygnus" also Will the chemical waste and effluentfrom these ate effectiv observed a similar number of Canadian line fishing plants injure or destroy the local fisheries? Will cies and at vessels both on Bank Banquereau and on the Grand there be sufficient water left in the local streams for in obtainin Banks. fishery needs when water for processing and domes- factory shij tic needs for the plants is taken away? plated prog The "Cygnus" began her patrol by making a special call at Sable Island at the request of the Plans for a large pulp mill operation at Duncan Meteorological Service to land supplies for the staff Protect Bay, B.C. have been the subject of serious study by pending the arrival of the regular supply ship. She U.S. a group of oceanographers, biologists and engineers spent the next six days at sea, travelling 1,745 miles $12 million from the Federal Department of Fisheries and the and covering the southern and eastern portions of experiment Pacific Biological Station. The project is under con- Grand Banks, as well as Green Banks, Bank St. means of pi struction by Elk River Timber Company and initial Pierre and Misaine Bank. Nothing was sighted on the water reso output will be 300 tons daily. It is situated about latter two banks, owing to a dense fog. by Albert two miles away from the mouth of Campbell River , D.C. who the locale of the famed Tyee Salmon, sought by sports The Department's vessel reported that it re- scientists f fishermen from all parts of the world. Concern was ceived no complaints of interference between Cana- Representil voiced that the important salmon runs to the Campbell dian fishermen and those from other countries. Charles Cl River would be affected by the effluent and chemical search Boa wastes from the mill. New Research Institute Brett. The plans also contemplated that a substantial A new marine research institute which will Shedic volume of water for use in the plant was to be drawn make special studies of ship designs and equipment from Campbell River and there was immediate ques- to increase the efficiency of commercial fish in g The tion as to whether this withdrawal would be detri- vessels has been formed at Hatchville, Mass. New Brun: mental to these fisheries. Named the Marine and Fisheries Engineering Re- year of me search Institute, it has been incorporated as a non- for three cla The findings of the fisheries technical experts profit organization and was founded to fill a gap be- eral Minis are that under arrangements in hand by the company tween the marine research performed by scientific reviewed t the fisheries should not be adversely affected. In organizations and the practical engineering aspects eries duril the case of the mill effluent, it will be discharged required by the fishing industry and other industries well out into Discovery Passage, where it is imme- with marine problems. In th diately diffused by the strong tidal currents prevail- Mayhew s, ing there. The water supply arrangements are such The formation and organization of the Insti- this year that with the controls incidental to the large John Hart tute became possible through th e initial financial $2.75 mill hydro plant further upstream, the fisheries require- support of the Friendship Fund, Incorporated, of developme ments will be well looked after. New York City. Columbus O'D. Iselin, senior the protec . oceanographer and former director of the Woods fisheries c Hole Oceanographic Institution w as named presi- boats. N International Fleet dent of the Institute while Francis Minot, Maritime has to be Consultant, of'Cotuit, Mass., became vice-presi- ing the fis The famed fishing banks off Canada's Atlantic dent and director. sum and w Coast which yielded cod to the Basque fishermen velop the from Spain and France even before the time of Col- The Institute will "promote the advancement major job umbus and Cabot are still a chief attraction to the of the fishing industry, oceanography and other ma- is European fishing vessels which sweep the seas in rine sciences and industries, and the exploitation of of all." search of food. the food and other resources of the oceans and other bodies of water". This will be done through research festival While more modern methods of propelling the and the development and testing of tools and tech- Labour ar vessels and netting the fish have been introduced niques, including but not limited to vessels, pro- federal c; over the centuries, the scenes enacted daily in these pulsion systems, equipment, fishing gear, fishing LeBlanc, international waters have changed little otherwise. and marine planting methods, and marine life. Doucet,

- 1 0- rous catches The particular emphasis of the Institute's New Brunswick, and E. W . George, M. P. for West- 3 fill the holds morland. 1, French and research programme is upon the engineering of spe- cific ship design types and equipment for the great- haul the lines Among the highlights of the festival were the est efficiency in the commercial fisheries. It also , fitter weather arrival of King Neptune from the sea with a mermaid hopes to aid in the basic design of vessels suitable crop. and nymphs, and the crowning of the Queen of the for the exploration and exploitation of the resources Festival, Miss Florine Bourque. ie Department of the open oceans beyond the limits of the continental aus" noted on shelves, where extensive populations of marine life New Gill-Net Ruling el, most of exist, and are available for ultimate capture. Lade a routine The Institute is hoping to be able to co-oper- British Columbia gill-net fishermen will be 'Cygnus" also ate effectively with existing public and private agen- permitted to use deeper salmon gill-nets in Dis- Lan line fishing trict No. 2 commencing January 1, 1953, as a re- on the Grand cies and at the present time is particularly interested in obtaining available information on research and sult of Amendments to special fishery regulations, factory ships, now in service, and also for contem- made under the Fisheries Act, passed by Order in Council June 7. by making a plated programmes. equest of the s for the staff Protection Programme Currently this type of fishing gear in District ply ship. She U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to spend No. 2 is limited to a depth of 50 meshes. The new g 1,745 miles $12 million in furtherance of a programme of active ruling will permit the use in that area of gill-nets a portions of experimentation and research to explore the best with a maximum depth of 60 meshes provided each iks, Bank St. means of protecting fishery resources in the face of mesh is less than 6 1/2 inch extension measure. sighted on the water resource development. This was announced by Albert M. Day, Director USFWL, Washington, Other changes have been announced and sev- D.C. who addressed Fisheries administrators and eral points have been clarified in the Amendments, that it re- scientists from Canada and U.S. in Seattle, June 14. copies of which have been widely distributed among etween Cana- Representing the Department of Fisheries were fishermen and operators. untries. Charles Clay and R. Hourston. The Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada was represented by J. R. An important step towards the conservation of coho salmon is the extension of the annual close sea- Brett. son for this species by two weeks. With the excep- to which will Shediac Lobster Festival tion of one area, blueback (young coho) fishing will id equipment be closed from January 1 to June 15 each year, in- al fishing stead of January 1 to May 31 as formerly. The annual Lobster Festival held at Shediac, yille, Mass. New Brunswick, drew an estimated attendance this Lneering Re- Special angling controls have been instituted year of more than 15,000 people. The event lasted ed as a non- to protect runs of British Columbia spring salmon for three days, July 12-14, and was opened by the fed- ill a gap be- at the head of Rivers Inlet and Phillips Arm. For eral Minister of Fisheries, Hon. R.W. Mayhew, who by scientific the tidal waters at the head of these two areas in- reviewed the development of eastern Canadian fish- ring aspects side the commercial fishing limits sport fishing eries during the past two years. r industries from August 1 to September 15 (Rivers Inlet) and June 1 to October 31 (Phillips Arm) may not be car- In the course of his opening address, Mr. ried on without a licence, nor at any other times Mayhew said that in the three Maritime provinces with or without a licence. Not more than three sal- of the Insti- this year the Department would spend on fisheries mon per day may be taken by any one person, and ial financial $2.75 million. Some of that was for straight work of the number and details of each day's catch must be •porated, of development, but just over $1,000,000 had to go to furnished daily to the fishery officer. elfin, senior the protection services, to straight police work by )f the Woods fisheries officers, wardens, guardians and by patrol smed presi- boats. Mr. Mayhew added: "One million dollars The effective date for these and other amend- 1, Maritime has to be spent this year, and every year, protect- ments set forth in the special published list is set vice -presi- ing the fishing industryfrom itself. This is a large for June 27. sum and we could find better ways of using it to de- velop the fisheries. Protection forms one of our Ldvanceme nt major jobs in the Maritimes and the protection of Pearl Essence Plant d other ma- lobsters is the mostnecessary and the most difficult A new industry which promises to be of worth- ploitation of of all." while benefit to Digby County, Nova Scotia, has been is and other Other speakers at the official opening of the established by two natives of The Netherlands, Dr. gh research festival were Hon. Milton F. Gregg, Minister of G. Cohm and Mr. Booy, who are now extracting is and tech- Labour and New Brunswick representative in the pearl essence from herring scales. s sels , pro - federal cabinet: Judge A.A. Dysart; Mayor Joseph ear, fishing LeBlanc, president of the festival; Hon. J. Andre The work at present is being carried out at the le life. Doucet, Minister of Industry and Development for Frankland sardine cannery at Church Point. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION

Atlantic Coast Fisheries Pacific Coa Salmon January - May, 1951 Herring Fishing was good on the east coast throughout ster to the United States were so much heavier that Other (ir the winter and spring. Some of the low-priced varie- the total value of the trade advanced from well under Total ties of fish were landed in unusually heavy quantities. three million dollars to well over that figure, in spite Atlantic Com As the catch of high priced varieties was also good, of a drop from $53.22 to $45.87 in the average price Cod fishermen prospered. per hundredweight. Exports of cannedlobster showed a reverse picture, with quantity down and price up. Haddock Halibut The following comparisons are between results Herring for the January - May periods of 1950 and 1951. Sardines There was more herring this year and herring Macke re is low-priced; but there was also much more haddock Canadian Fish Exports Salmon which is relatively high-priced. The value of the Smelts haddockfishery alone passed the million-dollar mark. Lobster s. Alewives and rosefish doubled in quantity and mack- Total Value in Millions of Dollars to End of April Other (ir erel more than doubled. Four and a half million (All figures include Newfoundland) Total pounds of smeltwere taken, compared with three and Total, Both a half million last year. The cod catch was slightly By Pr ovinc up in both weight and value. The lobster catch was British somewhat heavier but the average price was down 1950 1951 Nova Scc from $29.69 per hundredweight to $26. 14 New Bru Prince In Nova Scotia the main feature of the fishing All Fish Products 31.78 38.06 Quebec season was a haddock catch which was up by seven By Market II. Nei million pounds. U.S.A. 20.75 25.57 Other Countries 11.03 12.49 In New Brunswick lobster landings were down somewhat and in May, contrary to the general trend, By Form Cod New Brunswick lobstermen were getting $23.00 per Fresh and Frozen 12.11 15.00 Haddocl hundredweight, compared with $22.05 in the previous Whole or Dressed 7.86 9.50 Rosefis May. Filleted 4.25 5.50 Herring Cured 10.76 9.46 Smoked Other In Prince Edward Island the most valuable catch Herring* .33 39 Total was lobster and the heaviest was herring. All Other .32 .31 III. Prices Salted and Dried Quebec fisheries were lower in both quantity and Cod 8.13 6 64 Halifax value. This was largely caused by smaller catches of All Other .84 89 Cod Ste lobster and herring. Pickled Market Herring .58 .77 Haddoc1 Fish stocks in the eastern provinces were low. Halibut All Other .56 .46 The supply •of cod fillets at the end of May was only Canned 1.47 Prince Ru• half what it had been a year earlier and there was a 4.08 Salmon 1.16 3.02 Ling Cc considerable decline in holdings of bloaters and pick- Sardines .24 79 Black C led fish. All Other .07 27 Gray Cc Shellfish 3.54 4.17 There was an increase of 20 per cent in the val- Fresh Lobster 2.85 3.51 Halibut ue of fish exported from all parts of Canada. Pacific Salmon All Other .69 salmon accounted for a considerable share of this but .66 Redsp the eastern fisheries also played their part. Exports Miscellaneous 3.90 5.35 White of cod fillets were up in quantity and in total value, Meal 1.93 2.62 Steen Oil with the average price per pound close to that of last 1.38 2.23 Vancouver year. A good deal of this fish came from Newfound- All Other .59 .50 Herrin land but the Maritimes and Quebec also prospered in Ling Cc their export trade. They found bigger markets for Gray smoked sea herring, especially in Haiti. They sold * Bloaters and Halibut more canned sardines abroad. Exports of live lob-

-12-

Fishery Figures For May 1. Sea Fish: Landings January 1 - May 31, 1950 and 1951 (Newfoundland not included) Landings ('000 lb) Landed Value ($ 000) 1950 1951 1950 1951 Pacific Coast 267 315 Salmon 1,221 1,362 2,088 1,975 Herring 168,681 144,803 9,519 14,995 1,768 2, 476 h heavier that Halibut 14,491 18,247 777 1, 204 ma well under Other (incl. livers) 193,912 179,407 4,900 5,970 gure, in spite Total Lverage price Atlantic Coast 57,315 1,721 1,889 Cod 54,997 )bster showed 1,239 Haddock 17,983 24,969 981 nd price up. 775 Halibut 3,076 3, 582 679 508 604 Herring 75,161 80,317 47 76 Sardines 2,320 2, 650 123 Mackerel 1,083 3,591 44 18 38 torts Salmon 47 82 470 578 Smelts 3, 508 4,520 5, 617 Lobsters 20,862 21,479 6,195 39, 202 710 888 D End of April Other (incl. livers) 29, 576 11,373 11,827 dland) Total 208,613 237,707 Total, Both Coasts 402,525 417,114 16,273 17,797 By Provinces British Columbia 193,912 179,407 4, 900 5,970 19 5 1 Nova Scotia 108, 493 123,974 8,048 8,460 New Brunswick 59, 639 75,125 1, 600 1,969 Prince Edward Island 10, 857 11,205 1,126 952 38.0 6 Quebec 29, 624 27,403 599 446 II. Newfoundlan Production of Frozen Fish IV. Stocks As At End of May 25. 5 7 January 1 - May 31 12.4 1950 1951 9 1950 1951 ('000 lb) (' 000 lb) ('000 lb) ('000 lb) Frozen Fish (incl. Nfld.) Cod 4, 658 5, 812 15.00 Cod fillets (Atlantic) 2,955 1,518 Haddock 5,185 1,243 9. 50 Halibut 7,329 10,773 Rosefish 1,311 3, 596 5. 50 Salmon 2,193 2,393 Herring 4, 578 3, 996 9.46 Herring 12,081 8,247 Other 657 1,181 Other 4,898 7,651 Total 15,828 .39 Total Sea Fish 29,456 30,582 .31 III. Prices Paid to Fishermen, May 15, 1950 & 1951 Cents Per Pound Whitefish, dressed or filleted 286 724 1950 1951 6. 64 Halifax Pickerel, dressed or filleted 92 64 3 1/2 4 1/2 - 4 .89 Cod Tullibee, round or dressed 390 401 Market Cod 3 1/2 - 2 3/4 3 1/2 - 3 Other 814 630 Haddock 6 - 5 5 1/2 - 5 .77 Total Inland Fish 1, 582 1,819 Halibut 25 25 .46 Total Frozen Fish 31, 038 32,401 4.08 Prince Rupert (incl. Nfld.) 5 5 3. 02 Ling Cod Cod Fillets (Atlantic) 1,301 2,217 6 22 .79 Black Cod (6 lb up) Other 658 862 3 1/2 - 2 1/2 .27 Gray Cod 4 - 3 Total Smoked Fish 1,959 3,079 4.17 Salt Fish (excl. Nfld.) Halibut (medium) 23.4 - 23 17.6 - 17.4 3.51 Wet Salted ('000 lb) 3,445 4,259 Salmon .66 Dried 3,940 2,995 Redspring (14 lb up) 25 28 II Boneless 11 72 435 5.35 Whitespring 16 21 Pickled (barrels) 14,316 1/2 10,839 .62 14 18 Steelhead 12,791 2,488 .23 Bloaters (18 lb boxes) Vancouver .50 Salt Fish (Nfld. only) Herring (fresh) 8 10 Shore 23,167 12,197 Ling Cod 8 10 - 6 Bank 1,855 107 4 5 Gray Cod Labrador 9,941 2,815 Halibut (medium) 20. 8 Total .3479T5 15,119

-13- FISHERIES NEWS FROM ABROAD

Norwegian Fishery Exports Norway' s exports of fishery products during the in the first quarter of last year. This accounted for first quarter of this year are shown in the table on the drop in overall exports of this product. The United the opposite page. They were 43 per cent greater in States increased its orders for the same product from volume than during the first quarter of last year and 2 million pounds last year to 4 1/2 million this year. 57 per cent higher in value. It is Norway's only significant market for this prod- uct outside of Europe. The product which showed the heaviest increase DES TINA in export volume was fish meal, including herring Norway's exports jumped from 18 meal, which was up by 93 million pounds. Exports million pounds in the first quarter of 1949 to 29 mil- of fresh herring were up by 20 million pounds, and lion pounds in the same period last year; but settled of dry (mainly cod) by 13 million pounds. back this year to 20 million pounds. In 1949 and 1950 Canada A few items showed decreases, but the drop was re- Great Britain was Norway's best customer for can- latively small. Exports of canned fish were nine mil- ned fish, taking 9 million pounds in 1949 and over 13 lion pounds below those of a year earlier and exports million last year. This year the figure was only a U.S.A. of salted herring were down by eight million pounds. little over 3 million pounds. (The figure is for the first quarter of the year in each case.) Australia, Other West As usual, other European countries took most also a good customer, took something over one mil- Hemisphe of the fresh and frozen products and the quantity go- lion pounds in 1949, five million in 1950 and dropped Br. W ing to each was with few exceptions about the same back to four million this year. The United States, Cuba as in the first quarter of 1950. One exception wa- which is the second best customer, has taken steadily Brazil Other Eastern Germany, which did not import fresh fish increasing quantities of Norwegian canned fish. They from Norway last year but took 19 million pounds of totalled 4 1/2 million pounds in the first quarter of fresh and frozen herring during the first quarter of 1949; over 5 1/2 million the next year; and nearly Europe this year. eight million this year. Austri

Belgiu . The United States took three million pounds of Czech( Denma frozen cod, compared with less than one million pounds Heavy British orders were a feature of Nor- way's fish meal export business during January - France in the first quarter of 1950. Germa March this year. They totalled nearly 84 million Germs Exports of salted cod were 15 million pounds pounds and, as Britain was not in the picture at all Great heavier than during the same period last year and the during the same period last year, they largely ac- Italy dry salted product accounted for 85 per cent of the in- counted for the increase in exports of this product. Nether crease. Shipments of salted cod to Brazil and Spain At the same time nearly 16 million pounds went to Poland more than doubled. Cuba and Portugal also took larg- the United States, compared with two million last year. Portug Spain er quantities. British East Africa and British West Swede( Africa increased their imports of Norwegian stock- U. S. S. fish by over 2 1/2 million pounds. Details of Norway's fish exports during the first Other quarter of last year appeared in the July 1950 issue Poland dropped out this year as a market for of Trade News; and the year's exports were covered Norwegian salted herring after taking 14 millionpounds in the April 1951 issue. Australia

New Zealax

Norway Makes Record Herring Catch Other Briti

The 1951 Norwegian herring catch broke all re - As of March 17, 1951, exports of herring meal cords, according to the June 18 issue of Foreign amounted to 5 1/2 thousand tons. Nearly all of this Other Coun Commerce Weekly, published by the United States was shipped to England, Germany, Finland and the Egypt Department of Commerce. United States, and a small amountto Czechoslovakia. Israel Other The winter season closed on April 5, 1951, with The Norwegian Canners' Association reports more than 900 thousand tons of herring caught. Of that the total 1951 pack of kippers amounted to 15 Totals: the total catch about 82 thousand tons were exported thousand tons. The Association also reports that the Jan. -Max as fresh herring, 92 thousand tons were salted, 16 world market for canned fish is steadyand that there Jan. -Max thousand tons were kippered, over six thousand were is a good demand for Norwegian products. The sold for home consumption, over seven thousand United States was the principal market for canned were sold for bait, and 727 thousand tons were de- fish products in 1950, taking 11,146 tons, worth Increase Decrease livered to the herring oil and meal factories. about 44 million crowns or over six million dollars.

-14- D Norway

EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL FISHERY PRODUCTS

January - March, 1951 accounted for Quantities in Millions of Pounds Value in Millions of Kroner :t. The United product from .ion this year. TOTAL COD HERRING CANNED FISH OILS or this prod- EXPORTS FISH MEAL

DESTINATION Value Quan. Fresh Fro- Dry Wet Stock- Fresh Fro- Salted Medic- nped from 18 zen Salted Salted fish zen inal Other 149 to 29 mil- m. Kr. m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb m. lb Lr; but settled 949 and 1950 3 - Canada .8 .4 - . 1 ------. - - mer for can- 9 and over 13 3.0 - - - - 4. 5 7. 9 15.7 .4 - re was only a U. S. A, 26.5 31.5 - 0 re is for the ) Australia, Other Western wer one mil- Hemisphere - and dropped Br. West Indies .1 . 2 - - - .2 ------.1 - nited States, Cuba 6.0 3.9 - - 3.8 - Brazil 31.5 18.2 - - 18.2 ------0 - taken steadily .1 Other 2.5 .8 - - .7 ------.d fish. They st quarter of ; and nearly Europe Austria 2.3 3.2 - 2.0 - - .4 - .2 .3 - 0 - Belgium 3.1 7.3 .2 - - - .1 2.3 1.7 - .3 2,2 9" . 5 Czechoslovakia 2.0 7.6 - - - - - 6.9 - - - - - . 7 ture of Nor- Denmark 2.7 3.9 ------.2 - 2.0 .2 1.5 2.4 6.6 2.5 .4 - - - 2.0 1.2 .4 - - - .1 rig January - France Germany (East) 5.2 21.8 - 1.2 - - - 14.1 4.6 1.9 0 - - - •1y 84 million Germany (West) 24.3 96. 0 .7 .2 - - - 66. 9 7.4 .9 .4 16. 5 . 1 2.9 picture at all Great Britain 50.4 133.5 14.8 .8 - - - 30.8 - - 3.3 83.5 .1 .2 largely ac- Italy 5.6 4.2 .1 .9 - - 1.9 - - - .2 - .1 1.0 this product. Netherlands 3.3 5.9 . 2 .1 - - . 3 1.6 1.8 - - .7 .3 .9 unds went to Poland .8 3.4 ------3.4 - - - - - 5.3 - - - 1.5 - - - - - lion last year. Portugal 5.4 6.8 - - Spain 3.8 3.6 - - 3. 6 ------Sweden 8.4 16.7 .4 .3 - .1 .2 - .5 5.5 .1 8.7 .9 U. S. S. R. 4.0 13.6 ------13.6 - - - - ring the first Other 7.8 10.0 0 .5 .1 0 .2 .9 1.1 .5 .7 2.9 .2 2.9 1950 issue were covered - - - 4.0 - - Australia 6.4 4.0 - - - -

New Zealand 1.5 .9 ------. 9 - - -

Other British 5.9 4.7 - - - - 4.3 - - - . 4 - - - ierring meal ly all of this Other Countries - - - - - . 1 - - - land and the Egypt .5 .4 - - . 3 ------choslovakia. Israel 0 0 0 - Other 5.6 3.8 0 - .8 0 1.0 - .2 .1 .8 .1 .6 .2 tion reports ounted to 15 Totals: Drts that the Jan. -Mar. 1951 218.8 412.9 18.9 9.5 32.8 ,3 8.0 125.9 23.4 27.8 19.7 132.3 2.2 12.1 id that there Jan. -Mar. 1950 139.1 288.6 17.3 10.8 19.8 .8 5.3 105.4 15.3 35.6 28.5 39.2 2.3 8.3 ducts. The for canned - 13.0 - 2.7 20.5 8.1 - - 93. 1 - 3.8 tons, worth Increase 79.7 124.3 1.6 Decrease - - - 1.3 - .5 - - 7.8 8.8 - .1 - .ion dollars.

- 15 - Scientists Locate Herring Shoals

One day in the latter part of June some 200 was moving southward it would also serve as trans- fishing vessels stood by north of and the portation toward the spawning grounds off Norway. "G.O. Sars" put out from . Although the full With these forecastsin mind, the scientists returned "Tee width of the North East Atlantic lay between them, to port. ery Leaf1( the fleet and the single ship were in communication States Dep by radiotelephone and shortwave. It was the Norwe- They set out again in December. If their rea- gian herring fleet and the marine research vessel soning was correct, the herring by that time should entrusted with the task of locating the shoals of fish. be drifting southward in cold water between Iceland and the Faroes, and that is where they were found. The Results of this summer's operations will be The fishing fleet was now in coastal ports, waiting closely inl known in due course but meantime a report on last for the January spawning season. It was kept in- interest t( year's activities appeared in the June 28 issue of formed by radio as the research vessel, keeping in seed-oyst( "News of Norway." It was quoted from an article touch with the shoals, followed them on their east- mal, the I by the scientific leader of the cruise originally pub- ern migration to the Norwegian coast. A few ves- starfish ai lished in the Norwegian Canners Export Journal. sels came out to meet the fish and for the first time the methoc herring were caught more than 11 nautical miles off by chemic SARS THEORY shore. ping is me damage to Every winter "mountains of herring" come to When they came to the northward moving Gulf addition to the Norwegian coast to spawn but whence they come Current the fish hesitated for a few days but finally fish contrc and whither they go is one of the sea's many mys- plunged into it January 22nd. The fleet was there published teries. Prior to 1870 it was believed, according to to meet them and the catch established a local re- of both fre this article, that they spent the rest of the year in cord. mercial m the deep waters off the Norwegian coast. In that tein as the year, however, the Norwegian zoologist, G.O. Sars, Correct Labelling value of s . advanced the theory that they must come from far- tein supple ther out, rather than from farther down, since the "Pacific Ocean " will be the acceptable as fertiliz( amount of plankton in the depths would not provide designation for a species of rockfish or rosefish sion drawr enough food for them. now being marketed by the fisheries of the North- is not prac western United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Ad- No further step toward a solution was possible ministration announced on June 28. until the advent first of the echo depth sounder and then of asdic. The sounder locates shoals of fish The name will serve to distinguish frozen fil- directly under it, even if they are quite far down. lets of the Pacific Coast fish from a similar but dif- Asdic locates them horizontally at distances up to a ferent variety advertised and marketed by New Eng- "ReF mile and a half away. land fisheries under the name "Ocean Perch." ermen of t partment, Last summer the "G. 0. Sars", equipped with At the same time F. D.A. announced the ter- nish, Nova both, set out to find herring in the North East Atlan- mination of a court action involving the West-Coast tic. The fish were first located between the Faroes products with the understanding that the "Pacific" and Iceland on the border between a cold current designation will be used in future labelling. This coming down east of Iceland and a warm current, a 31, 1951, remnant of the Gulf Stream, moving up west of the F. D. A. s Associate Commissioner pointed gramme, Faroes. to get to the north shore of Iceland, where out that correct labelling of fish sometimes pre- steady prc the fishing fleet was waiting, the herring would have sents difficult scientific and commercial questions. says: "A had to cross the cold current and aboard the "G.O. Atlantic fishermen in the U.S. object to Pacific far beyonc Sars" it was doubted whether they would do this. competitors applying the name which they have pop- ago, and i ularized to an altogether different variety of fish. the best s The scientific view proved correct. After a The United States law required that foods be desig- gave us the considerable wait, the herring moved northward nated by their "common or usual" names, but thou- federal De later in the summer, following the warm current to sands of varieties of fish are known only by their $40,798.2, Jan Mayen Island. Three large fishing vessels scientific names. When one of these is marketed New Bruns heeded advice from the "G.O. Sars", went over to commercially it becomes practically necessary to Jan Mayen and made good catches. Fishing north the year, adopt a common name. were held of Iceland was poor throughout the summer. club still c By September food was becoming scarce in In addition to occasional confusion in scien- programm the upper water layers around Jan Mayen and it was tific classification there is a tendency of fish to ac- school was presumed that hunger would drive the fish into the quire local names, so that the same fish have dif- winter fro colder stream off Eastern Iceland. As this water ferent names in different places. needs of F The report

-16- Current Reading erve as trans s off Norway. itists returned "Technological Studies of the Starfish,"Fish- dealing exclusively with fishery problems having ery Leaflet 391 (Fish and Wildlife Service, United been broadcast over Station CJFX during April, and States Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C . ). other extension services, such as library, film dis- If their rea- tribution, pamphlet service, etc. These services t time should are being expanded all the time. It is emphasized, tween Iceland however, that it is through the activities of field- y were found. The lives of the starfish and the oyster are so workers on the local scene that the most valuable ports, waiting closely interrelated that starfish control is of vital service is carried on. Through the federal grant, was kept in- interest to the shellfish industry, particularly to 15 people were employed to conduct this phase of el, keeping in seed-oyster growers, because the smaller the ani- the programme. As an example of the zeal of these their east- mal, the more readily and rapidly is it subject to educational workers, it is reported that one field- . A few ves- starfish attack. Mopping, dredging and liming are man, during the year, worked with 79 different the first time the methods of control in most general use. Control groups, paying 495 visits to them, holding 146 meet- ical miles off by chemical agents has not proven practical. Mop- ings and 195 conferences of various kinds which were ping is mostly used because the mops cause little attended by 3300 persons, in addition to 700 personal damage to delicate seed-oysters. This leaflet, in interviews. To do this work, he travelled 10,600 i moving Gulf addition to explaining the economic necessity of star- miles. It is pointed out that invaluable assistance Lys but finally fish control and the methods used, summarizes all was given by numberless volunteer workers. In- et was there published information on the chemical composition stances of success in individual centres are cited d a local re- of both fresh starfish and starfish meal. The com- to show develo pm e n t of the programme as a mercial meal contains about one-half as much pro- whole. The report mentions that credit unions in tein as the common commercial fish meals. The the maritimes have levelled off somewhat in their value of starfish in the United States as both a pro- progress, but that steady growth continues. The tein supplement for growth of rats and chicks, and total assets of all these credit unions now amount Le acceptable as fertilizer, is discussed extensively. The conclu- to more than $10, 000, 000. The main objective of or rosefish sion drawn is that the production of starfish meal the programme at the present time is more scien- I the North- is not practical. tific production through the use of larger boats. ind Drug Ad- And "with the definite trend towards fresh fish mar- keting, the shore facilities of many groups will have to be expanded and modernized too. At the same ;11 frozen M- time the tendency towards larger and more efficient illar but dif- regional plants to replace small local processing by New Eng- "Report on the Educational Program for Fish- units will have to be encouraged." 3 erch." ermen of the Maritime Provinces," (Extension De- partment, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigo- iced the ter- nish, Nova Scotia). West-Coast he "Pacific" "Annual Report of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 1950." (Published in Ottawa). ing. This summary covers the year ending March 31, 1951, a year which the Director of the Pro- oner pointed gramme, Dr. M. M. Coady, reports was marked by steady progress on all sides. In his foreword he etimes pre- Scientific investigations directed towards the says: "A few groups of fishermen have had success il questions. improvement and perpetuation of Canada's fisheries t to Pacific far beyond our fondest expectations of some years during the year 1950 were wide in scope. This book ey have pop- ago, and it is particularly gratifying that some of carries reports of the work carried out at the Board's iety of fish. the best signs of improvement are in places that experimental and biological stations. The most con- ds be desig- gave us the most concern for a long time." Of the spicuous change in the scope of the scientific work of .s, but thou- federal Department of Fisheries grant of $46, 000, the Board during the year was associated with in- nly by their $40,798.22 was spent in field work in Nova Scotia, vestigations in Newfoundland. The staff of the Re- is marketed New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. During search Station there has been enlarged and is in pro- ecessary to the year, 28 short courses of one, two or three days cess of further enlargement as suitably trained sci- were held at different fishing centres. The study entists can be found. In addition to this report, the club still constitutes the basis of the adult education work of the Board's scientists has been published in in in scien- programme in fishing areas. In addition, a training the "Journal of the Fisheries Research Board" and f fish to ac- school was conducted at Caraquet, N.B. , during the other scientific journals. Work of a more special- sh have dif- winter from January 29 to March 7, to serve the ized character has been published in bulletins, the needs of French-speaking groups in that province. Atlantic and the Pacific Progress Reports and in a The report covers radio education, five broadcasts series of leaflets and radio talks.

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_ Wawasa A0• c.Aka 4% dam: =,

From dock sii,i0FOrioriweoz, to dining room

The market for your fish can be maintained and increased only if the fish reaches the dining table in prime condition with unimpaired flavour and goodness. If people get poor fish, there will be a poor market ...

but the reverse is equally true — good fish means good markets.

That is why it is important to safeguard the quality, to make sure that only good fish reaches the customer. The care that is taken in the boats, in the handling and processing, in the packing and shipping, must be such that the people who enjoy fish, and who are your customers, will get a product that is so good, so flavoursome, and so delicious, that they will buy often and buy more.

Guard your markets now and for the future by providing good fish.

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OTTAWA, CANADA

HON. ROBERT W. MAYHEW, M.P., Minister STEWART BATES, Deputy Minister