DOCSLIB.ORG

Portugal, Canada Discuss Marine Fisheries Vessels Involved in the Harvest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Portugal, Canada Discuss Marine Fisheries Vessels Involved in the Harvest Results of the first full year of joint ers an attractive service. fully guaran­ sites, how marine life would be affected, research on the tuna and billfish stocks teeing obligations incurred by fishermen and what natural hazards face oil de­ in the Atlantic Ocean under the Na­ to finance up to 75 percent of the cost of velopment activities in this region. The tional Marine Fisheries Service-Woods constructing, reconstll.lcting, or recon­ study is being conducted by the Com­ Hole Oceanographic Institution ditioning commercial fishing vessels. merce Department agency's Environ­ Cooperative Game Fish Tagging Pro­ The capital Construction Fund pro­ mental Research Laboratories for the gram are included. Over 1,800 game fish gram may be used to obtain deferment Interior Department's Bureau of Land were tagged; 673 of these were sailfish of taxes on certain income derived from Management. released off the southeast coast of commercial fishing operations when Before joining NOAA, Engelmann Florida and off Cozumel, Mexico. such income is deposited in a special was Deputy Manager for the environ­ Seventy-nine recoveries of tagged game fund with the intention of using it for mental research ofthe U.S. Energy Re­ fish were recorded in 1974. Amberjacks constructing, acquiring, or recondition­ search and Development Administra­ provided the most returns (25) with ing a commercial fishing vessel. Notice tion and its predecessor organization, small bluefin tuna second (19). One of these declarations appeared in the the Atomic Energy Commission. Prior giant bluefin tuna tagged off the Federal Register the week of 22 Sep­ to that he led the agency's Fallout Bahamas was recaptured off Norway tember 1975. Studies Branch, concerned with plan­ 461 days later. An amberjack was re­ ning and managing basic research pro­ captured by the same captain who Di rector Named for NOAA grams in support ofthe nation's need for tagged and released it exactly 365 days oes Environment Program better knowledge of radioactive fallout earlier at the same location in the Flor­ processes. ida Keys. Rudolf J. Engelmann has been ap­ Engelmann formerly was employed Copies ofthe 1974 Ocean Game Fish pointed director of the National by Battelle Northwest in Richland, Newsletter may be obtained from the Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra­ Wash., where he designed and con­ Southeast Fisheries Center, National tion's Outer Continental Shelf En­ ducted research projects and experi­ Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 75 vironmental Assessment Program in ments in meteorology. In the Air Force Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149. Boulder. Colo. The multimillion­ during the 1950's, he was a weatherob­ dollar study seeks to determine the server and forecaster in various states probable ecological impacts of oil ex­ and Labrador. Engelmann received a King Crab, Salmon, ploration and development activities B.A. degree in mathematics from on Alaska's Outer Continental Shelf. Augsburg College at Minneapolis, and Lobster Fisheries During the early years of the pro­ Minn., in 1950. He subsequently at­ Called "Conditional" gram, investigators will examine inten­ tended New York University and the sively the life forms and physical envi­ University of Washington at Seattle, The Commerce Department has de­ ronment of the Outer Continental Shelf from which he received a Ph. D. degree clared the American lobster in the Gulf of Alaska, focussing on eight oil leasing in atmospheric physics in 1964. The of Maine; the salmon fishery in areas spread among the Gulf of Alaska, Kenmare, N.D., native and his wife, Washington, Oregon, and California; Bering Sea, Chukchi and Beaufort Virginia, live with three children in and the Alaskan King Crab fishery to be Seas. They will evaluate the roles that Boulder, Colo. Three other children "Conditional Fisheries." natural processes play in spreading con­ are in Pennsylvania and Maryland Commerce Department regulations taminants from petroleum development colleges. Ifonsider a Conditional Fishery as one where there are already sufficient ves­ sels to harvest the available catch. The Foreign Fishery Developments National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service has determined that these fisheries have more than enough Portugal, Canada Discuss Marine Fisheries vessels involved in the harvest. Being declared a Conditional Fishery Portuguese and Canadian delegations their fishing vessel log-book to bring means that the NM FS financial assis­ met in Ottawa on 4 and 5 September about a fuller reporting of discarded tance programs cannot be used to add 1975 to discuss fishery matters, and is­ by-catches, and that they would be in­ more vessels to the fishery's existing sued the following joint communique: tensifying their sampling program to fleet, but can be used to assist the vessel (The Canadian and Portuguese delega­ improve the assessment of the state of owners in the fishery to upgrade existing tions) "recognized that it was impera­ the stocks and the yields they can sup­ vessels, or to replace vessels lost or tive to ensure strict fulfillment ofobliga­ port. It was agreed that, under the withdrawn from the fleet. tions assumed under the International ICN AF Scheme of Joint International NMFS financial assistance programs Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Enforcement, steps would be taken to offer benefits to help commercial Fisheries (lCN AF), particularly in light enable Portuguese fisheries inspectors fishermen modernize their vessels. of serious declines in the stocks." The to work with Canadian inspectors in Under the Fishing Vessel Guarantee Portuguese delegation indicated that securing improved compliance with program, N MFS can now provide lend- they were taking measures to improve ICNAF regulations. 28 The Portuguese delegation an­ statistical and scientific information; agreement of fisheries cooperation that nounced the intention of their Govern­ 3) Improve bilateral cooperation on would establish the terms and condi­ ment to designate in the near future a fisheries matters of mutual interest. tions governing continued fishing by the Portuguese fisheries official stationed in Both delegations attached great im­ Portuguese fleet in waters off Canada's St. John's, Newfoundland. The rep­ portance to their future cooperation in Atlantic Coast, taking into account an­ resentative would deal directly with the field of fisheries. The Portuguese ticipated legal and jurisdictional Canadian fisheries authorities on a day­ delegation stated that. as long as the changes in the regi me of fisheries man­ to-day basis, with regard to the im­ conservation and rational utilization of agement in such waters and relevant plementation of conservation measures the living resources of the sea are as­ provisions of the 1972 Canada/Portugal and their enforcement and other related sured in the general interests of man­ fisheries agreement. matters. kind, Portugal recognizes to Canada, as [t was agreed that officials of the two a coastal state, economic rights, in an The Portuguese delegation was sides would meet from time to time, as area beyond and adjacent to waters now chaired by J.c. E. Cardoso, Director needed to: under its fisheries jurisdiction, in accor­ General, Fisheries General Adminis­ I) Review problems raised by either dance with the consensus emerging tration; the Chairman of the Canadian Government regarding the implementa­ from the third United Nations Confer­ Delegation was M.P. Shepard, Direc­ tion of agreed measures, and to make ence of the Law of the Sea. The two tor, International Fisheries Policy, In­ recommendations for the resolution of sides expressed their readiness to meet ternational Fisheries and Marine Direc­ such problems; at an early opportunity in order to con­ torate, Department of the Environ­ 2) Facilitate the coordination of sider the elaboration of a bilateral ment. (Source: U.S. Embassy. Ottawa.) and is 186 feet long. Its estimated value ROK Fishing Vessel Is Seized and Fined is $2 million, for it appears to be in excel­ Two National Marine Fisheries Ser­ age to appear before the U.S. District lent condition. vice (N MFS) enforcement agents were Court. The master of the Kum Kong The Republic of Korea entered the aboard a U.S. Coast Guard C-130 air­ San was arraigned 13 August; he en­ North Pacific fishery on a commercial craft on 7 August 1975, when they tered a plea of not guilty. The vice­ basis in 1967. For reasons perhaps at­ sighted the Republic of Korea (ROK) president of the Korea Deep Sea Fish­ tributable to their inexperience in the stern trawler Kum Kang San fishing in ing Company (the owner of the fishing fishery and their incomplete under­ an area 10.5 miles off Sisters Island and vessel) and the company's lawyers dis­ standing of applicable U.S. laws, ROK 7.9 miles off Seal Rock, near Sanak Is­ cussed an out of court settlement with fishing vessels were involved in several land, in the western Gulf of Alaska (see the U.S. Attorney in Anchorage. The incidents between 1967 and 1970. The map), inside the U.S. Contiguous Fish­ case was settled on 24 September. A Kum Kong San is the second vessel ing Zone (CFZ). criminal penalty of$8,000 was assessed apprehended for a violation of U.S. law The aircraft notified the Kum Kang against the master and a civil penalty of since 1973. San by flashing light and message $407,000 was assessed the owner of the In July 1973, the ROK stern trawler blocks to stop and await the arrival of vessel. The Kum Kong San departed Dong Bang No. 71, owned by the Dong the Coast Guard Cutter Confidence. U.S. waters on 29 September. Bang Ocean Fisheries Company. Ltd.. The Kum Kang San retrieved its trawl According to the NMFS Office ofln­ Seoul. was observed fishing 10.5 miles and proceeded out beyond the CFZ ternational Fisheries, the Kum Kong off Yakobi Island in violation of the where it stopped.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report on the Availability of Whale Meat in Greenland
    1 Greenland survey: 77% of restaurants served whale meat in 2011/2012 Greenland claims that its current Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling (ASW) quota of 175 minke whales, 16 fin whales, nine humpback whales and two bowhead whales a year is insufficient to meet the nutritional needs of Greenlanders (people born in Greenland). It claims in its 2012 Needs Statement that West Greenland alone now requires 730 tonnes of whale meat annually. Greenland has around 50 registered restaurants used by tourists, including several in hotels, plus another 25 smaller "cafeterias, hot dog stands, grill bars, ice cream shops, etc.” which are licensed separately.1 WDCS, the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, visited Greenland in May 2011 to assess the availability of whale meat in registered restaurants. In September 2011, WDCS and the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) visited again. In June 2012, AWI conducted (i) a telephone and email survey of all restaurants (31) for which contact information (phone/email) was available and (ii) extensive internet research in multiple languages of web entries referencing whale meat in Greenland’s restaurants in 2011/2012. Whale meat, including fin, bowhead and minke whale, was available to tourists at 24 out of 31 (77.4%) restaurants visited, contacted, and/or researched online in Greenland in 2011/2012. In addition, one other restaurant for which there was no online record of it serving whale meat indicated, when contacted, that though it did not currently have whale meat on the menu it could be provided if requested in advance for a large enough group. Others that did not have whale meat said that they could provide an introduction to a local family that would.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Menu – Contamination of Whale Meat
    Toxic Menu Contamination of Whale Meat and Impact on Consumers’ Health ry, P rcu CB e a m n d n i D h D c i T . R wh at ale me A review by Dr. Sandra Altherr and Sigrid Lüber Baird‘s beaked whale, hunted and consumed in Japan, despite high burdens of PCB and mercury © Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) © 2009, 2012 (2nd edition) Title: Jana Rudnick (Pro Wildlife), Photo from EIA Text: Dr. Sandra Altherr (Pro Wildlife) and Sigrid Lüber (OceanCare) Pro Wildlife OceanCare Kidlerstr. 2, D-81371 Munich, Germany Oberdorfstr. 16, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland Phone: +49(089)81299-507 Phone: +41 (044) 78066-88 [email protected] [email protected] www.prowildlife.de www.oceancare.org Acknowledgements: The authors want to thank • Claire Bass (World Society for the Protection of Animals, UK) • Sakae Hemmi (Elsa Nature Conservancy, Japan) • Betina Johne (Pro Wildlife, Germany) • Clare Perry (Environmental Investigation Agency, UK) • Annelise Sorg (Canadian Marine Environment Protection Society, Canada) and other persons, who want to remain unnamed, for their helpful contribution of information, comments and photos. - 2 - Toxic Menu — Contamination of Whale Meat and Impact on Consumers’ Health Content 1. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Contaminants and pathogens in whales .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury in Fish – Background to the Mercury in Fish Advisory Statement
    Mercury in fish – Background to the mercury in fish advisory statement (March 2004) Food regulators regularly assess the potential risks associated with the presence of contaminants in the food supply to ensure that, for all sections of the population, these risks are minimised. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) has recently reviewed its risk assessment for mercury in food. The results from this assessment indicate that certain groups, particularly pregnant women, women intending to become pregnant and young children (up to and including 6 years), should limit their consumption of some types of fish in order to control their exposure to mercury. The risk assessment conducted by FSANZ that was published in 2004 used the most recent data and knowledge available at the time. FSANZ intends toreview the advisory statement in the future and will take any new data and scientific evidence into consideration at that time. BENEFITS OF FISH Even though certain types of fish can accumulate higher levels of mercury than others, it is widely recognised that there are considerable nutritional benefits to be derived from the regular consumption of fish. Fish is an excellent source of high biological value protein, is low in saturated fat and contains polyunsaturated fatty acids such as essential omega-3 polyunsaturates. It is also a good source of some vitamins, particularly vitamin D where a 150 g serve of fish will supply around 3 micrograms of vitamin D – about three times the amount of vitamin D in a 10 g serve of margarine. Fish forms a significant component of the Australian diet with approximately 25% of the population consuming fish at least once a week (1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey; McLennan & Podger 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Whose Whale Is That? Diverting the Commodity Path
    17 Whose Whale is That? Diverting the s - but by no means all - to switch from Commodity Path or a 'green' legitimacy and how they aractelistics on those who sponsor the Arne Kalland d animal welfare discourses as the Nordic Institulc of Asian Studies, Copenhagen y (Appadurai 1986: 13), companies have acquired ity) by economically supporting environmental government agencies have obtained the same in legitimacy. Both exchanges have been wrapped in the metaphors of ABmCTUsing concepts from Appadurai's The Social Life of Things,this paper seeks to 'goodness.' Thus, the "super-whale' has taken on a life as a com- analyze the Simultaneous processes of decommoditization of meat, oil and whale n. ~~commoditizationof meat and oil and commoditization of the products and the commoditization of a symbolic 'super-whale,' i.e. how an old established processes in the diversion of the commodity path, and commodity path (commercial whaling) has been interrupted by a new one (low-consumptive IWC meetings and other 'tournaments of value,' use of whales). Through the culwal framework of ecological and animal rights discourses, government agencies, politicians and industries have been able to acquire green legitimacy ciety' are contested (Appadurai 198621). and protection in return for supporting environmental and animal rights organizations.fis or ownership of whales in order to exchange has been legitirnised through the annual meetings of the International whaling s for appropriating nature. It is the Commission, whale rescue operations andother 'tournamcntsofvalue.'~o~the '~~~~.~h~. imal rights group on the one hand le' is tuned into a commodity and consumed raises also the imponant question about rights r - brought about by skilful manipulation in whales.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Sausage Manufacturing
    CHAPTER 10 Fish Sausage Manufacturing KEISHI AMANO Marine Food Preservation Division, Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan I. Introduction 265 II. Chemical Aspects 267 A. Sodium Chloride and Myosin Extraction 268 B. pH of Raw Jelly 268 C. Polyphosphates 9 26 D. Setting Phenomenon of Raw Fish Jelly 269 III. Raw Materials 270 A. Raw Fish 270 B. Starch 271 C. Fat 271 D. Spices 271 E. Food Additives 272 F. Casings 272 IV. Preparation and Processing 273 V. Recipes 274 A. Whale Meat and Tuna 274 B. Salmon and Tuna 275 C. Shark, Tuna, and Salmon 275 D. Croaker and Tuna 275 E. Black Marlin 275 F. General Remarks 275 VI. Shelf-Life and Bacteriological Problems 276 VII. Quality Control 278 VIII. Chemical Composition 279 References 279 I. Introduction Fish sausage manufacturing in Japan is attracting world wide atten­ tion because of the rapid expansion of the industry, a growth rate that was never expected even by the entrepreneurs. Before the Second World War, experimental preparation of fish sausage had on occasion been tried by a few fish processing technologists, with rather unsuccessful results. The lack of suitable packaging materials was perhaps the main technological deterrent to the introduction of the new fish product in Japan, but in addition, consumers were not ready to accept a product of this kind. The fish sausage industry in Japan was actually begun in 1953 265 266 KEISHI AMANO by small-scale manufacturers. Average daily production at that time was low, but the industry gradually grew and was taken over by large fishing firms that were able to obtain abundant raw material by using their own fishing fleets.
    [Show full text]
  • April X, 2011
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: September 7, 2016 at 3:01 a.m. EDT Contacts: Amelia Vorpahl, 202.467.1968, 202.476.0632 (cell) or [email protected] Dustin Cranor, 202.341.2267, 954.348.1314 (cell) or [email protected] 1 in 5 Seafood Samples Mislabeled Worldwide, Finds New Oceana Report Oceana Calls on President Obama to Track All Seafood from Boat to Plate as Ocean Leaders Prepare to Gather in DC for Our Ocean Conference WASHINGTON – Today, Oceana released a new report detailing the global scale of seafood fraud, finding that on average, one in five of more than 25,000 samples of seafood tested worldwide was mislabeled. In the report, Oceana reviewed more than 200 published studies from 55 countries, on every continent except for Antarctica. The studies found seafood fraud present in each investigation with only one exception. The studies reviewed also found seafood mislabeling in every sector of the seafood supply chain: retail, wholesale, distribution, import/export, packaging/processing and landing. An interactive map of the global seafood fraud review compiled by Oceana can be found at www.oceana.org/seafoodfraudmap. The report comes as ocean leaders from all over the world prepare to gather in Washington, DC for the Our Ocean Conference next week. Earlier this year, the President’s Task Force on Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and Seafood Fraud released a proposed rule to address these issues that would require traceability for 13 “at-risk” types of seafood from the fishing boat or farm to the U.S. border. Oceana contends that while this is a good step forward, the government needs to expand the final rule to include all seafood species sold in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury in Seafood: Facts and Discrepancies
    [PERSPECTIVE] by Michael T. Morrissey Mercury in Seafood: Facts and Discrepancies disparity exists between there are low-level toxic effects in seafood that it would be health-care professionals. what we read in the popular from MeHg in seafood. detrimental to human health to Articles such as “Mercury in A press and what research- The Environmental Protec- reduce consumption levels. Tuna” in the July 2006 issue of ers are discovering about the tion Agency (EPA) used the Unfortunately, the message Consumer Reports cause further value of eating seafood. Faroe data as the basis for about health benefits from confusion among consumers. Confusion stems mainly its reference doses for MeHg eating seafood was lost in the The article claimed that their from two questions: “What exposure, taking the position 2004 EPA/Food and Drug Admin- (anonymous) “fish-safety levels of methylmercury that a reference dose cannot istration advisory for women of experts” found that even (MeHg) exposure may cause be determined from a study child-bearing age (www.cfsan. light tuna might prove risky to demonstrable harmful effects for (Seychelles) where the data fda.gov/~dms/admehg3b.html). pregnant women and the fetus. humans, especially the fetus?” showed no adverse effects. Americans are risk-adverse in They called on pregnant women and “When do potential risks Recent work shows that their food habits, and the media to “avoid canned tuna entirely,” of MeHg in seafood outweigh the benefits from seafood focused on hypothetical risks needlessly scaring women away the well-documented benefits consumption greatly outweigh and the warnings in the advisory, from one of the best sources of seafood consumption?” the risks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Indigenous Cultures on the Intern
    Creason: Culture Clash: The Influence of Indigenous Cultures on the Intern COMMENTS CULTURE CLASH: THE INFLUENCE OF INDIGENOUS CULTURES ON THE INTERNATIONAL WHALING REGIME INTRODUCTION The cultural values of native populations are a significant source of law, because modem societies develop from the practices and be- liefs of indigenous cultures.' Over time, indigenous customs and tra- ditions are incorporated into contemporary lifestyles.2 The strong in- fluence ancient practices have on present cultures is apparent in the religious, dietary, economic and political facets of today's societies.3 In turn, modem culture influences the laws of a nation.4 Societal preferences, practices and traditions are reflected in the regulations a country creates to govern its people.' Since modem and ancient cul- l. J. Richard Broughton, The Jurisprudenceof Tradition and Justice Scalia's Unwrit- ten Constitution, 103 W. VA. L. REv. 19, 21-26 (2000); Eric N. Weeks, A Widow's Might: Nakaya v. Japan and Japan's Current State of Religious Freedom, 1995 BYU L. REV. 691, 693-94 (1995). 2. Broughton, supra note 1, at 21-22. 3. See generally Chaihark Hahm, Law, Culture, and the Politics of Confucianism, 16 COLUM. J. AsiAN L. 253, 256-58 (2003) (recognizing the significant role of ancient Confucian beliefs in modem Korean society); A.W. Harris, Making the Case for Collective Right: In- digenous Claims to Stocks of Marine Living Resources, 15 GEO. INT'L ENVTL. L. REV. 379, 392 (2003) (discussing the integral role traditional whale hunting plays in the Makah Indians' present day religious, ceremonial and social lives); Tarik Abdel-Monem, Affixing the Blame: Ideologies of HIVAIDS in Thailand,4 SAN DIEGO INT'L L.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Look out at the Ocean, and You Might See a Trash-Free Environment. But
    Marine Debris, And How You Can Help! Look out at the ocean, and you might see a trash-free environment. But lurking on top of and beneath the waves is marine debris – litter and other human-made items that don’t exist naturally in the marine environment. The more we study marine debris, the more unanswered questions there seem to be around its impacts. Yet marine debris is one threat to whales and other marine life that we can all help prevent. Here is some information on marine debris that you can use in education. About Marine Debris Marine debris is one of the most widespread problems facing the world’s oceans and waterways. Debris affects marine life in two fairly tangible ways: through ingestion or entanglement. Sea turtles may mistake plastic bags or balloons for jellyfish and ingest them— blocking their digestive system and potentially killing them. Fishing line and nets, rope and other trash can wrap around fins, flippers and limbs of fish, seals, whales, seabirds and other animals. This can affect their ability to eat, move and care for their young. Lost fishing gear such as traps and nets can keep “fishing” for years, and leach chemicals into the marine environment. Microplastics (plastics <5mm in size) also have impacts on the ecosystem, although it is not yet clear what all of those impacts are. But they can be eaten by organisms as tiny as zooplankton (see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es400663f), with negative effects on the health of plankton and possibly other links in the food web.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat Consumption from Stranded Whales and Marine Mammals in New Zealand: Public Health and Other Issues
    Meat consumption from stranded whales and marine mammals in New Zealand: Public health and other issues M W Cawthorn Cawthorn & Associates Marine Mammals/Fisheries Consultants 53 Motuhara Road Plimmerton Wellington Published by Department of Conservation Head Office, PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand This report was commissioned by Hawke's Bay, Wellington and Otago Conservancies ISSN 1171-9834 1997 Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington, New Zealand Reference to material in this report should be cited thus: Cawthorn, M.W., 1997 Meat consumption from stranded whales and marine mammals in New Zealand: Public health and other issues. Conservation Advisory Science Notes No. 164, Department of Conservation, Wellington. Keywords: Whales, seals, food preparation (marine mammal), meat quality assessment (marine mammal), flensing, pathogens, contaminants Abstract Interest in the use of stranded whales as a source of food and the use of seals for cultural purposes has been expressed to the Department of Conservation by Ngati Hawea and Ngai Tahu Maori respectively. The known and anecdotal history of consumption of whale and seal meat in New Zealand and elsewhere is briefly discussed. Comments on the palatibility of marine mammal meat and the use of whales and seals as food are presented. Post-stranding damage and carcass contamination result in unsuitability of meat for human consump- tion. Criteria for the assessment of meat quality from stranded animals are presented. The transmission of parasites, particularly Anisakis sp., and the cumulative effects of persistent pesticides and heavy metals from consump- tion of meat from species such as pilot whales is discussed. Meat collection and storage should be conducted under the same conditions and constraints applied to terrestrial mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Metabolism of Frozen Whale Meat at Subzero Temperatures in Relation to Thaw Rigor
    135 Original paper Transactions of the Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, TransactionsReceived of the date Japan：April Society 14, of2018 Refrigerating；J-STAGE and Advance Air Conditioning published Engineers,date：May 31, 2018 Original Paper Vol.35,No.2(2018),pp.135-139,doi: 10.11322/tjsrae.18 -doi:10_OA 10.11322/tjsrae.18-10 _OA Received date: April 14, 2018; J-STAGE Advance publishied date: May 31, 2018 Biological Metabolism of Frozen Whale Meat at Subzero Temperatures in Relation to Thaw Rigor Hideto FUKUSHIMA*† Naho NAKAZAWA** Koki YAMADA* Masahiro MATSUMIYA* Ritsuko WADA*** Toshimichi MAEDA*** * Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University (1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880) ** Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477) ***Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University (2-7-1 Nagata-Honmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595) Summary In many cases, frozen whale meat in the Japanese market is prepared before rigor mortis (pre-rigor). A serious problem for frozen whale meat is the occurrence of thaw rigor, which is the strong development of rigor mortis during thawing. To prepare frozen whale meat without thaw rigor and maintain a high meat pH, the temporal changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contents of frozen meat stored at -2.5, -5.0, -7.5, and -10°C were investigated. The rate of decrease of ATP was higher than that of NAD at all storage temperatures. ATP nearly disappeared after holding the meat at -2.5°C for a few days; however, NAD existed yet, so pH decreased thereafter.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Whales Saved the Japanese
    Chapter I Whales Saved the Japanese History of the Japanese love for whales: the Jomon and Yayoi periods The Japanese have been closely tied to whales from ancient times. Whale meat eating goes back a remarkably long way. A great number of bones of cetaceans have been unearthed from various areas including graves and shell mounds of the Jomon period, about 8,000 to 9,000 years ago. “Shell mounds” suggests at least that people in the Jomon period were collecting shell fish as food, which is nowhere near the fact. Subsequently, whale meat was selected as food since, more than anything, whale meat is delicious, which I would like to point out here. Once you eat whale meat, its good taste remains with you, making you want to eat it again. In addition, one whale can feed hundreds or even thousands of people at a time. Furthermore, the bones can be processed into tools and, moreover, bones, teeth, fins and baleen can all be used. Stoneware unearthed from Tsugumenohana Site, Nagasaki Prefecture (Source: Tsugumenohana Iseki no Gaiyo (Overview of Tsugumenohana Site), Shobayashi M. and Baba , Bulletin of the Nagasaki Archaeological Society Vol. 2) 1 Whale’s intervertebral disk used as a workbench for pottery (Unearthed from Saga Site / Tsushima City, Nagasaki Prefecture) The flesh of whales contains large amounts of excellent protein and, considering the dietary habits in those days, eating whale meat could have been dramatically vitalizing. That is why, for ages, the Japanese have been tied to whales. From the shell mound of the Tsugumenohana Site in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, which has been dated to between the early and the middle phases of the Jomon period, the skeletal remains of many whales, dolphins and sharks have been unearthed.
    [Show full text]