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SPRING 2016 - Volume 63, Number 1 the Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A SPRING 2016 - Volume 63, Number 1 WWW.AFHISTORY.ORG The Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS and other air power pioneers, the Air Force Historical All members receive our exciting and informative Foundation (AFHF) is a nonprofi t tax exempt organization. Air Power History Journal, either electronically or It is dedicated to the preservation, perpetuation and on paper, covering: all aspects of aerospace history appropriate publication of the history and traditions of American aviation, with emphasis on the U.S. Air Force, its • Chronicles the great campaigns and predecessor organizations, and the men and women whose the great leaders lives and dreams were devoted to fl ight. The Foundation • Eyewitness accounts and historical articles serves all components of the United States Air Force— Active, Reserve and Air National Guard. • In depth resources to museums and activities, to keep members connected to the latest and AFHF strives to make available to the public and greatest events. today’s government planners and decision makers information that is relevant and informative about Preserve the legacy, stay connected: all aspects of air and space power. By doing so, the • Membership helps preserve the legacy of current Foundation hopes to assure the nation profi ts from past and future US air force personnel. experiences as it helps keep the U.S. Air Force the most modern and effective military force in the world. • Provides reliable and accurate accounts of historical events. The Foundation’s four primary activities include a quarterly journal Air Power History, a book program, a • Establish connections between generations. biennial symposium, and an awards program. Spring 2016 -Volume 63, Number 1 WWW.AFHISTORY.ORG Features From Depression to Victory: A Record of Growing British Determination during the Battle of Britain Adam Thomas 6 The Bell P–39 Airacobra: The British Perspective A. D. Harvey 14 Training Afghan Air Force Pilots, 2006-2011 Forrest L. Marion 22 From “Observation” to “Tactical Reconnaissance:” The Development of American Battlefield ISR in World War II Chris Rein 32 Book Reviews X–15: The World’s Fastest Rocket Plane and the Pilots Who Ushered in the Space Age By John Anderson & Richard Passman Review by Scott A. Willey 46 Churchill’s War Against the Zeppelin 1914-18 Men, Machines, and Tactics By Leon Bennett Review by Carl J. Bobrow 46 The RNAS and the Birth of the Aircraft Carrier 1914-1918 By Ian M. Burns . Review by Carl J. Bobrow 46 Wings of War: Great Combat Tales of Allied and Axis Pilots During World War II By James P. Busha Review by Joseph Romito 47 Expanding the Secretary’s Role in Foreign Affairs: Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford, 1963-1968 By Joel C. Christianson Review by Al Mongeon 47 Air Power in UN Operations: Wings for Peace By A. Walter Dorn, Ed. Review by John Cirafici 48 365 Aircraft You Must Fly By Robert F. Dorr Review by Kenneth P. Werrell 48 Unmanned Systems of World War I and II By H. R. Everett Review by John F. O’Connell 49 P–51 Mustang, Seventy-Five Years of America’s Most Famous Warbird By Cory Graff Review by Leslie C. Taylor 49 Luftwaffe X–Planes: German Experimental Aircraft of World War II By Manfred Griehl Review by Joseph Romito 49 United States Naval Aviation 1910-2010, 5th Ed., Vols 1 (Chronology) and 2 (Statistics) By Mark L. Evans & Roy A. Grossnick Review by Scott A. Willey 50 “The Three Musketeers of the Army Air Forces”: From Hitler’s Fortress Europa to Hiroshima & Nagasaki By Robert O. Harder Review by Scott A. Willey 50 Britain’s Forgotten Fighters of the First World War By Paul R. Hare Review by Carl J. Bobrow 51 I Wish I Had Your Wings: A Spitfire Pilot and Operation Pedestal, Malta 1942 By Angus Mansfield Review by Henry Zeybel 52 So I Bought an Air Force: The True Story of a Gritty Midwesterner in Somoza’s Nicaragua By W. W. Martin Review by Steve Agoratus 52 Flights of No Return: Aviation History’s Most Infamous One-Way Tickets to Immortality By Steven A. Ruffinr Review by Joseph Romito 53 Sonic Wind: The Story of John Paul Stapp and How a Renegade Doctor Became the Fastest Man on Earth By Craig Ryan Review by Lawrence R. Benson 53 A War of Logistics: Parachutes and Porters in Indochina, 1945-1954 By Charles R. Shrader Review by Henry Zeybel 54 Hell’s Angels: The True Story of the 303rd Bomb Group in World War II By Jay A. Stout Review by Steven D. Ellis 55 Pioneering American Rocketry: The Reaction Motors, Inc. (RMI) Story, 1941-1972 By Frank H. Winter & Frederick I Ordway, III, eds. Review by Al Mongeon 55 Area 51: The Graphics History of America’s Most Secret Military Installation By Dwight Jon Zimmerman Review by Buz Carpenter 55 Departments Books To Review 57 Upcoming Events, Reunions, and In Memoriam 58 New History Mystery 64 COVER: The Bell P–39 Airacobra. (Photo courtesy of the Niagara Aerospace Museum.) The Air Force Historical Foundation The Journal of the Air Force Historical Foundation Spring 2016 Volume 63 Number 1 Editor Richard I. Wolf Editor Emeritus Jacob Neufeld Air Force Historical Foundation Book Review Editor P.O. Box 790 Scott A. Willey Clinton, MD 20735-0790 (301) 736-1959 Advertising Jim Vertenten E-mail: [email protected] On the Web at http://www.afhistory.org Circulation Angela J. Bear Board of Directors Patron Members Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose, USAF (Ret.) Col Gerald F. Christeson, USAF (Ret.) Chairman Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF (Ret.) Lt Gen Charles L. Johnson II, USAF (Ret.) Maj Gen Charles J. Dunlap, Jr., USAF Air Power History (ISSN 1044-016X) is pro- First Vice Chairman Mr. Darrell Dvorak duced for Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter by Lt Gen Stephen G. Wood, USAF (Ret.) Capt Robert Maxson, NOAA the Air Force Historical Foun dation. Second Vice Chairman Gen James P. McCarthy, USAF (Ret.) Prospective contributors should consult the Lt Gen Christopher D. Miller, USAF (Ret.) Lt Gen George D. Miller, USAF (Ret.) Mrs. Marilyn Moll GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS at Secretary the back of this journal. Unsolicited manu- Col Bobby Moorhatch, USAF (Ret.) Col Thomas A. Owens, USAF (Ret.) scripts will be returned only on specific Treasurer Col J Calvin Shahbaz request. The Editor cannot accept responsibil- Col Scott C. Bishop, USAF (Ret.) Brig Gen William L. Shields ity for any damage to or loss of the manu- Col William J. Dalecky, USAF (Ret.) Lt Col Kenneth W. Sublett script. The Editor reserves the right to edit Lt Col (Dr.) Dik Daso, USAF (Ret.) Lt Col Raymond C. Tagge, USAF (Ret.) manuscripts and letters. Lt Col Steven Gress, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Ms. Jonna Doolittle Hoppes Address LETTERS TO THE EDITOR to: CMS John R. (Doc) McCauslin, USAF (Ret.) President’s Circle Mr. Daniel R. Sitterly, USAF SES Air Power History Col William J. Dalecky, USAF (Ret.) 6022 Cromwell PL Col Wray Johnson, USAF (Ret.) Alexandria, VA 22315 e-mail: [email protected] Wing Correspondence regarding missed issues or Editor, Air Power History Northrop Grumman changes of address should be addressed to Richard I. Wolf Mr. Michael Clarke the CIRCULATION OFFICE: Editor Emeritus, Air Power History Squadron Air Power History Jacob Neufeld Gen Lloyd W. Newton P.O. Box 790 Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Maj Gen John S. Patton, USAF (Ret.) (301) 736-1959 Staff ROKAF Historical Foundation e-mail: [email protected] Gen William Y. Smith Lt Col James A. Vertenten, USAF (Ret.) ADVERTISING Secretary to the Board and Executive Director Flight Jim Vertenten Mrs. Angela J. Bear, Office Manager Dr. Richard P. Hallion P.O. Box 790 Lt Gen Christopher Miller, USAF (Ret.) Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Lt Gen Michael A. Nelson, USAF (Ret.) (301) 736-1959 Col Wayne C. Pittman, Jr., USAF (Ret.) e-mail: [email protected] Maj Willard Strandberg, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Copyright © 2016 by the Air Force Historical Foundation. All rights reserved. CORPORATE SPONSORS Periodicals postage paid at Clinton, MD 20735 and additional mailing offices. Gold Level ($10,000 or more) Postmaster: Please send change of address Lockheed Martin Corporation to the Circulation Office. Torchmark Corporation 2 AIR POWER History / SPRING 2016 From the Editor As Spring approaches, and the time for new beginnings, the Air Force Historical Founda - tion finds itself with a new Web site and email addresses. We are now www.afhistory.org. It’s a simpler way to find the same great subject matter. The new email addresses are on page 2 (facing) and on page 61. Hope to see you and hear from you. We have four articles this issue, starting with an article that won first place at the Air Force Academy. Adam Thomas has provided a story about the development of the modern British society in the ashes of the Battle of Britain. He links the survival of the United Kingdom in World War II with the replacement of the older, more stratified society. It was the best academic paper in the history department in 2015. In the second of our four articles, we have A. D. Harvey providing a story of the RAF’s flirtation with the P–39 Airacobra, when it was compared with the Spitfire in the early years of World War II. Of course, everyone knows the Spitfire won that contest, and the Airacobra went on to be highly regarded in the Soviet air forces. The P–39 was somewhat unique, with the engine location in the center of the aircraft, but it did not win out for the RAF.
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