The Georgian Phenomenon COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

702132/702835 European Architecture B

the Georgian phenomenon COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

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do not remove this notice GEORGIANGEORGIAN 17141714--18111811

George I (1660-1727) 1714-1727

George II (1683-1760) 1727-1760

George III (1738-1820) 1760-1811 (mad from 1788)

REGENCYREGENCY (OR(OR LATELATE GEORGIAN)GEORGIAN) 18111811--18301830

George IV (1762-1830) Regent 1811-1820 Monarch 1820-1830 THETHE GEORGIANGEORGIAN MIXMIX

the Palladian Revival Movement

plus occasional touches of Baroque, Rococo, Chinoiserie & Gothick

minus Inigo Jones, who becomes less of a source

plus incipient Neoclassicism – new archaeological sources and new reductionist theory plus Renaissance details beyond Palladio (especially through Chambers) Provost's House, Trinity College, Dublin, by John Smith,1759 Miles Lewis Provost’s House, Trinity College, Dublin, by John Smith, 1759 General Wade's house, Great Burlington Street, London, by Lord Burlington, 1723

Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 78; Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, I, p 120 Alexander Pope ‘Epistle to Lord Burlington’

You show us, Rome was glorious, not profuse, And pompous buildings once were things of Use. Yet shall (my Lord) your just, your noble rules, Fill half the land with Imitating Fools; Who random drawings from your sheets shall take, And of one beauty many blunders make; Load some vain church with old Theatric state, Turn Arcs of Triumph to a Garden-gate; (cf Hawksmoor at Blenheim) Reverse your Ornaments; and hang them all On some patch'd dog-hole ek'd with ends of wall; Then clap four slices of Pilaster on't, That, lac'd with bits of rustic, makes a Front Shall call the winds thro' long arcades to roar, Proud to catch cold at a Venetian door; ...... elevation by Palladio, bought by Burlington Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 78 GEORGIANGEORGIAN HOUSEHOUSE TYPESTYPES thethe househouse ofof paradeparade andand thethe villavilla the house of parade

Wanstead III and four derivative plans

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus; Summerson, Architecture in Britain, p 192 the villa

Stourhead, Wiltshire, first design by Colen Campbell, c 1721

Mereworth Castle, Kent, by Colen Campbell, 1723

John Summerson, Architecture in Britain 1530 to 1830 (4th ed, Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1963 [1953]), pl 134A; Country Life Annual 1966, p 30 ‘Anglo-Palladian villa prototypes’ by Summerson Summerson, Architecture in Britain, p 223. studies for villas by Matthew Brettingham the Younger (1725- 18) while in Italy, 1747

John Harris, The Palladians (London 1981), pl 32 Wrotham Park, Middlesex, by Isaac Ware, 1754

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 152B; Rolf Toman, Neoclassicism and Romanticism: Architecture Sculpture Painting Drawings 1750-1848 (no place 2007), p 10 LESSER PALLADIANS George Sampson Sir Robert Taylor James Paine Matthew Brettingham John Carr Sir Thomas Robinson Bank of England, by George Sampson, 1732-4

MUAS 2,262 Bank of England central block by George Sampson, 1732-4; side wings by Sir Robert Taylor, 1766-1783 (street view): Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 149B Bank of England, the Court Room by Taylor, c 1775 James Lees-Milne, The Age of Adam (London 1947), pl 140 Chatsworth, Derbyshire: Bridge by James Paine, 1760-64

Chatsworth CH 26 Palladian bridge, Wilton, by Lord Pembroke and Roger Morris, 1736 unsourced stone bridge, from Leoni's Palladio Kenneth Woodbridge, The Stourhead Landscape (London 1971), pl 22B bridge, Chatsworth Miles Lewis Bridge by Palladio

Andrea Palladio [ed Isaac Ware], The Four Books of Andrea Palladio's Architecture [I Quattro Libri] (London 1738), book III, pl XI

Holkham Hall: plan MUAS 25,176 Kedlestone, main front

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 139B. Kedlestone, Paine's proposed elevation of the garden front Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 139C

Government House, Calcutta, by Lt Charles Wyatt, 1799-1804 Jan Morris & Simon Winchester, Stones of Empire: the Buildings of the Raj (London 1968), p 64 Wardour Castle, Wiltshire, by James Paine, 1770-76: views from the south & the north MUAS 25,160; Rickitt Encyclopedia of Slides no 33751 Wardour Castle west pavilion from the north

Rickitt Encyclopedia of Slides, 33752 (2) Wardour Castle, stair hall as illustrated by J C Buckler Lees-Milne, Age of Adam, pl 139 Wardour Castle, stair hall, two views Rickitt Encyclopedia of Slides, 33754 (4); 33755 (5) Harewood House, Yorkshire, by John Carr, 1758 Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 152A Tabley House, Cheshire, by Carr, 1760

MUAS 11,863 Claydon House, Buckinghamshire, by Sir Thomas Robinson & Luke Lightfoot, 1768-1772: elevation Mark Girouard, Life in the English Country House: a Social and Architectural History(New Haven [Connecticut] 1978), p 4 Claydon House,

elevation

the surviving south wing

Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p 4 Miles Lewis Chiswick, by Burlington from 1725: detail of the garden front Houghton Hall, by Campbell & Gibbs, 1722-9: east front Jeff Turnbull; MUAS 10,651 Claydon House, Venetian window Miles Lewis Claydon House: the saloon the ceiling, probably by Joseph Rose, and the Venetian window

Miles Lewis Claydon House upper landing and dome of the great stair

Miles Lewis Claydon House: North Hall or Great Eating Room Miles Lewis Claydon House alcove in the Chinese Room

Miles Lewis URBANURBAN HOUSESHOUSES Buckingham House, London by William Winde, 1705 view by William Westhall, 1760s

Roy Strong, Royal Gardens (London 1992), p 68 Marble Hill, Twickenham, by Lord Pembroke and Roger Morris, 1724-9

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, I, p 93; MUAS 24,482 Edgecote House, Oxfordshire, by William Jones, 1748-53 Miles Lewis No 7 Old Palace Yard, Westminster, probably by Isaac Ware, 1755-6 Miles Lewis Wrotham Park, Middlesex, by Isaac Ware, 1754

No 7 Old Palace Yard, Westminster, probably by Isaac Ware, 1755-6

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 152B; Miles Lewis Grosvenor Square, London, by Edward Shepherd, c 1727 MUAS 2,254 Grosvenor Square Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 158 Design for seven houses in Grosvenor Square, by Colen Campbell, 1725 H W Stutchbury, The Architecture of Colen Campbell (Manchester 1967), pl 110

31-34 Great [?Old] Burlington Street, London, by Colen Campbell (1718), c 1723 elevation and plan; view of no 31 (as altered) Stutchbury, Architecture of Colen Campbell, pls 28, 27 Georgian houses, Woburn Square, London

MUAS 618 eighteenth century terrace, Bedford Square: plans and section

S E Rasmussen, London: the Unique City (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1960), p 185 eighteenth century terrace, Queen Anne's Gate: plans and section

Rasmussen, London, p 183 Lady Isabella Finch house, 44 Berkeley Square, London, by William Kent, 1742-4

Alan Cox, 'A Vital Component: Stock Bricks in Georgian London', Construc-tion History, XIII (1997), p 58 Stone Buildings, Lincolns Inn Fields, by Sir Robert Taylor, 1756 Lees-Milne, Age of Adam, pl 17 BATHBATH

view of Bath in 1806 MUAS 16,286 General Wolfe's house, 5 Trim Street, Bath; General Wade's house, 14 Abbey Church Yard, Bath, both undated MUAS 18,512; 18,513 General Wade's house, Bath house design from Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus

MUAS 18,513; Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, I, pl 50 'Prior Park', Bath, by John Wood I, begun 1735: contemporary view Dorothy Stroud, Capability Brown (3rd ed, London 1975), p 123 Prior Park, the main block Miles Lewis Prior Park

Queen Square, Bath, by John Wood the Elder, 1729-1736: north side

Miles Lewis; Architecture of the World 18,913 house of John Wood, 41 Gay Street, corner of Queen Square, Bath, by John Wood, probably c 1750

MUAS 18,533 Bath plan as in 1765

MUAS 16,371 the Circus, Bath, by John Wood I, from 1754: view, 1773

Walter Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bath (Bath 1980 [1948]), p 144 the Circus, Bath

MUAS 24,502; 24,503 the Circus, Bath: plans of houses Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bath, p 98 Bath: aerial view showing Royal Crescent, the Circus, Gay Street and Queen Square Google Earth the Assembly Rooms, Bath, by John Wood II, 1769-71: Alfred Street side

Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bath, p 27; Miles Lewis the Assembly Rooms, Bath: plan

Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bath, p 28 the Assembly Rooms: entrance or west front

Miles Lewis Royal Crescent, Bath, by John Wood II, 1767-74 Miles Lewis Royal Crescent, Bath, by John Wood II, 1767-74 Miles Lewis the Crescent, Buxton, Derbyshire, by John Carr (of York), 1780-4 Country Life, 4 February 1971, p 245 Camden Crescent, Bath, by John Eveleigh, 1788

Somerset Place, Bath, by John Eveleigh, c 1790

Architecture of the World 18,967, 18,964 Bath, aerial view with Lansdown Crescent top left Google Earth Lansdown Crescent, Bath, by John Palmer, 1789-1793

Architecture of the World, 18.930.; MUAS WILLIAMWILLIAM CHAMBERSCHAMBERS mausoleum for Frederick, Prince of Wales, design by Chambers, 1751-2 Margaret Richardson & M A Stevens, John Soane, Architect: Master of Space and Light (London 1999), no 17 candelabra at the Palais Royal, Paris, by Gilles- Marie Oppenord (1697-1750), drawn by William Chambers

John Harris, Sir William Chambers (London 1970), pl 3 Chinese house, from Chambers

William Chambers, Designs for Chinese Buildings &c (London 1757) pl ix A tower or taa, on the banks of the Ta-Ho, between Canton and Hoang-Pou, from Chambers Chambers, Designs for Chinese Buildings, pl v

Kew Gardens, Surrey: the Pagoda, by Chambers, 1761-2 MUAS Triumphal Arch at Wilton, Wiltshire, by Chambers, c 1757-9

Miles Lewis Kew, Ruined arch, by Chambers John Harris, Sir William Chambers, Knight of the Polar Star (London 1970), pl 31 Blenheim, east gate of the kitchen court, by Vanbrugh Blenheim, east gate of the kitchen Miles Lewis court, by Vanbrugh Miles Lewis York House, Pall Mall, by Chambers, c 1759 John Fowler & John Cornforth, English Decoration in the 18th Century (London 1974), pl 1 Casino at Marino House, near Dublin, designed c 1758, built c 1769-76 original design by Chambers Seán O'Reilly, The Casino at Marino (Dublin 1991), p 3 Casino at Marino, plan as built

Amery, Three Centuries of Architectural Craftsmanship, pl 99 Casino at Marino, east elevation as built Amery, Three Centuries of Architectural Craftsmanship, pl 100 Casino at Marino House, near Dublin, by William Chambers c 1758, built c 1769-76

George Mott & S S Aall, Follies and Pleasure Pavilions (London 1989), pl 50 Casino at Marino: detail of an urn Seán O'Reilly, The Casino at Marino (Dublin 1991), p 14 Castle Hill (later Duntish Court), Dorset, by Chambers [c 1760], 1763-4 Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 60 Duddingstone, Edinburgh, by Chambers [1762], 1763-4 Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 62 house of Sir Laurence Dundas St Andrew Square, Edinburgh, by Chambers, c 1770-2 Jeff Turnbull, 1976 the Strand, London, with St Mary-le-Strand & Somerset House Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 171A. Somerset House, Strand, London, by Chambers [1775], 1776-96 Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 99 Somerset House river front

MUAS 24,512, 24,512 Somerset House: the court side of the Strand block Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 164 Somerset House, Strand front

Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 156

Hôtel des Monnaies, Paris, by Jaques- Denis Antoine, 1768- 75

F H Scmidt, ‘Blondel's École des Arts’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, LXI, 1 (March 2002), p 20 Somerset House, detail of the vestibule Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 157 Somerset House, Registrar-General's office Lees-Milne, Age of Adam, p 135 Somerset House: ceiling of the Royal Society Council rooms

Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 173 Somerset House: the Navy Staircase. Harris, Sir William Chambers, pl 168 six staircases for royal palaces by Chambers Harris, Sir William Chambers, p 81 Nuneham House, Oxfordshire, fireplace by James Stuart, c 1764

Miles Lewis; L M Batey, Nuneham Courtenay Oxfordshire [brochure] (Abingdon [Berkshire] 1970), p 13 Church, Nuneham House, Oxon, by the 1st Earl Harcourt with James Stuart, c 1764 Batey, Nuneham Courtenay, p 21 Nuneham Church Miles Lewis 702132/702835 European Architecture B

the Georgian phenomenon