702243 Formative Histories of Architecture

the Palladian legacy COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

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do not remove this notice THE TRUMPET CALL OF AUTHORITY St Mary-le-Strand, , by , 1714-17: in a view of the Strand Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 171A. In those admirable Pieces of Antiqqy,uity, we find none of the trifling, licentious, and insignificant Ornaments, so much affected by some of our Moderns .... nor have we one Precedent, either from the Greeks or the Romans, that they practised two Orders, one above another, in the same Temple in the Outside .... and whthAithereas the Ancients were contented with one continued Pediment .... we now have no less than three in one Side, where the Ancients never admitted any. This pppractice must be imputed either to an entire Ignorance of Antiquity, or a Vanity to expose their absurd Novelties ...

Colen Campbell, 'Design for a Church, of St Mary-le-Strand from the south-east my Invention' (1717) Miles Lewis the vvv the Palladian Revival

Christopher Wren Colen Campbell Nicholas Hawksmoor Lord Burlington John Vanbrugh William James Gibbs James Flitcroft the tripartite canon of Palladianism

thhifiihe architecture of antiquity through Roman remains and the writings of

the architecture of through the gran d tour and th e publi ca tions o f L eon i &c the architectu re of in England as influenced by Palladio COLEN CAMPBELL 'Design of my Invention for a Churc h in Lincolns Inn Fields', by Colen Campbell, 1717

Colen Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus (2 vols, London 1715 & 1717 design for a Church in Lincolns Inn Fields', by Colen Campbell, 1717, compared with St Paul’s Cathedral, by , 1675-1710 Colen Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus (2 vols, London 1715 & 1717) Wanstead I, , by Colen Campbell, 1715-1730

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus Wanstead I, Essex, by Colen Campbell, 1715-1730

Castle Howard, Yorkshire, by Vanbrugh, 1699-1725

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus Pitkin, Colourmaster RH10 2LZ Wanstead I & II, Essex, by Colen Campbell, 1715-1730

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus Wanstead II

Castle Howard

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus; Pitkin, Col ourmast er RH10 2LZ Piovene,,,,y Lonedo, Italu, by Andrea Palladio, ,3 c 1539-40, with extensions and portico from 1570 unsourced CtlHCastle Howar d: sou th or par kftk front; Wanst ead III Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus Wanstead, Essex, by Campbell, 1715-1720: contemporary view Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 128B , Yorkshire, by , begun 1733, east front: perspective view & photo Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 130B James Lees-Milne, The Age of Adam (London 1947), pl 18 'Prior Park ', Bath, by John Wood I, begun 1735: contemporary view Dorothy Stroud, Capability Brown (3rd ed, London 1975), p 123 Wanstead III and four derivative plans

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, p 192 Prior Park, the main block Miles Lewis house dedicated to Sir , by Colen Campbell Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, II Mereworth {or Mereworth Castle), Kent, by Colen Campbell, 1723: elevation

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, II, p 37 Mereworth, by Colen Campbell, 1723: elevation

Villa Capra, 'La Rotonda', Vicenza, bAdby Andrea P Plldialladio, c1566-70: elevation/section

CbllCampbell, Vitruvi us Britannicus, II, p 37; Andrea Palladio [edited Isaac Ware], The Four Books of Andrea Plldi'APalladio's Arc hitthitecture (London 1738 ), II, III, pl XIII Villa Capra, 'La Rotonda', by Palladio, probably late 1560s, from the north-west CIDSDAAP, Colorvald A2 Mereworth, view

Country Life Annual 1966, p 30 Mereworth: portico Jeff Turnbull Villa Capra plan

Palladio, I Quattro Libri, pl xiii Mereworth, plans of basement (left); attic (centre) ; principal floor (right) Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, II, pp 35-6 Mereworth, basement plan & Villa Capra plan Mereworth, general view

Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, dustjacket Newby-on-Swale,,,y Yorkshire, by Colen Campbell, c 1720-1Villa Emo, Fanzolo, by Palladio, c 1555-65 Stutchbury, Architecture of Campbell, pl 38; Wundram & Pape, Palladio, p 165 , , first design by Colen Campbell, c 1721 John Summerson, Architecture in Britain 1530 to 1830 (4th ed, Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1963 [1953]), pl 134A. design for a villa, by Palladio

British Architectural Library Newby-on-Swale, elevation and plans

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus. Stour hea d, p lan (exc lu ding la ter a dditions ) Summerson, Architecture in Britain, p 196 Pans: Palladio; Newby; Stouhead Stourhead, view with later extensions Woodbridge, Stourhead (no place 1971), cover Stourhead, detail of the portico Jeff Turnbull LORD BURLINGTON detail of a portrait by Jonathan Richardson , Piccadilly: gate by Colen Campbell, 1718 Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 41 Burlington house, Piccadilly, & gate

Stutchbury, Architecture of Colen Campbell, pl 20 Burlington house , by Colen Campbell: elevation, c 1717 Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, III, p 24 Palazzo Iseppo da Porto papartrt eelevationlevation

Andrea Palladio, The Four Books II, pl V Bagno, Chiswick , by Burlington, 1717

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, III, p 26 elevation by Palladio, bought by Burlington Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 78 elevation by Palladio, bought by Burlington General Wade's house, Great Burlington Street, London, by Lord Burlington , 1723

Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 78; Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, I, p 120 Chiswick, Twickenham, the old house

Leonard Knyff & Johannes Kyp, Britannia Illustrata (London 1707) , Twickenham, by Burlington, from 1725 UK, Department of the Environment, no 660 Villa C1Capra, Vicenza, by Andrea Palladio, c 156666-70: plan and elevation/section; Chiswick, plan and elevation Palladio, The Four Books, II, pl XIII; Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 136 drawing of a villa by Palladio, formerly owned bLdby Lord Burlington, now in the British Architectural; Library

Holbertson, Palladio's , p 213 Chiswick, the gallery detail of the ceiling in the Blue Velvet Room

UK, Department of the Environment, no 276 [1973]; Parissien, Palladian Style, p 102 Chiswick, south front, the portico

Jeff Turnbull Chiswick, detail of the portico , The Palladian Revival: Lord Burlington, his Villa and Garden at Chiswick (Montréal 1994)p 114 Chiswick, detail of the base course

Temple of Venus Genetrix, Rome, as rebu ilt AD 113, illustrated by Palladio

Harris, The Palladian Revival, p 115 Toby Barnard & Jane Clark [eds], Lord Burlington: Architecture, Art and Life (London 1995), p 64 CfChiswick, west face Jeff Turnbull Chiswick, Venetian window in west face

Jeff Turnbull Chiswick: north or garden front Jeff Turnbull drawing of a villa by Andrea Palladio in Lord Burlington's collection (now in the Britrish Architectural Library): detail

Rudolf Wittkower, 'Pseudo-Palladian Elements in English Neoclassicism', p 166 Chiswick: detail of stair and window, garden front

Jeff Turnbull detail of a portrait by Benedetto Luti , , by William Kent from 1734

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 139(A) HlkhHolkham HlllHall: plan MUAS 25,176 Holkham Hall, Norfolk, by William Kent from 1734 Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 139(A); MUAS 25,137 Holkham Hall: the entrance hall and ascent to the salon; the Stat e B ed room

MUAS 2,541; Fowler & Cornforth, ElihDEnglish Decora tion, p 93 the Georgggian GEORGIAN 17141714--18111811

George I (1660-1727) 1714-1727

George II (1683-1760) 1727-1760

George III (1738-1820) 1760-1811 (mad from 1788)

REGENCY (OR LATE GEORGIAN) 1811 --18301830

George IV (1762-1830) Regent 1811-1820 Monarch 1820-1830 THE GEORGIAN MIX

the Palladian Revival Movement

plilthfBRlus occasional touches of Baroque, Rococo, Chinoiserie & Gothick minus Inigo Jones, who becomes less of a source plus incipient Neoclassicism – new archaeological sources and new reductionist theory

plus Renaissance details beyond Palladio (especially through Chambers) Provost's House, Trinity College, Dublin, by John Smith,1759 Miles Lewis Provost’ s H ouse, Tr in ity Co llege, Du blin, by Jo hn Sm ith, 1759 General Wade's house, Great Burlington Street, London, by Lord Burlington , 1723

Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 78; Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, I, p 120 Alexander Pope ‘Epistle to Lord Burlington’

You show us, Rome was glorious, not profuse, An d pompous bu ildings once were things o f Use. Yet shall (my Lord) your just, your noble rules, Fill half the land with Imitating Fools; Who random drawings from your sheets shall take, And of one beauty many blunders make; Load some vain church with old Theatric state, Turn Arcs of Triumph to a Garden-gate; Reverse your Ornaments; and hang them all On some patch 'd dog-hole ek' d with ends of wall; Then clap four slices of Pilaster on't, That, lac'd with bits of rustic, makes a Front Shall call the winds thro ' long arcades to roar, Proud to catch cold at a Venetian door; ...... elevation by Palladio, bought by Burlington Guinness & Sadler, Palladio, p 78 GEORGIAN HOUSE TYPES the house of ppparade and the villa the house of parade

Wanstead III and four derivative plans

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus; Summerson, Architecture in Britain, p 192 the v illa

Stourhead, Wiltshire, first design by Colen Campbell, c 1721

Mereworth Castle, Kent, by Colen Campbell, 1723

John Summerson, Architecture in Britain 1530 to 1830 (4th ed, Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1963 [1953]), pl 134A; Country Life Annual 1966, p30p 30 ‘Anglo-Palladian villa prototypes’S’ by Summerson Summerson, Architecture in Britain, p 223. studies for villas by Matthew Brettingham the Younger (1725- 18) while in Italy, 1747

John Harris, The Palladians (London 1981), pl 32 Wrotham Park , Middlesex , by Isaac Ware, 1754

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 152B; Rolf Toman, Neoclassicism and Romanticism: Architecture Sculpture Painting Drawings 1750-1848 (no place 2007), p 10 URBAN HOUSES Buckinggyham House, London by William Winde, 1705 view by William Westhall, 1760s

Roy Strong, Royal Gardens (London 1992), p 68 Marble Hill, Twickenham, by Lord Pembroke and Roger Morris, 1724-9

Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus, I, p 93; MUAS 24,482 Edgecote House, Oxfordshire, by William Jones, 1748-53 Miles Lewis No 7 Old Palace Yard, Westminster, probably by Isaac Ware, 1755-6 Miles Lewis balustrade string course attic piano nobile (main floor)

Wrotham Park, Middlesex, by Isaac Ware, 1754

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 152B; Wrotham Park, Middlesex, by Isaac Ware, 1754

No 7 Old Palace Yard, Westminster, probably by Isaac Ware, 1755-6

Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 152B; Miles Lewis Grosvenor Square, London, by Edward Shepherd, c 1727 MUAS 2,254 Grosvenor Square Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pl 158 Design for seven houses in Grosvenor Square, by Colen Campbell, 1725 H W Stutchbury , The Architecture of Colen Campbell (Manchester 1967), pl 110 detail of design for seven houses in Grosvenor Square, by Colen Campbell, 1725; Palazzo Iseppo da Porta, Vicenza, by Andrea Palladio, 1547-1552. H W Stutchbury, The Architecture of Colen Campbell (Manchester 1967), pls 110, 108 31-34 Great [?Old] Burlington Street, London, by Colen Campbell (1718), c 1723 elevation and plan; view of no 31 (as altered) Stutchbury, Architecture of Colen Campbell, pls 28, 27 BATHBATH

view of Bath in 1806 MUAS 16,286 'Prior Park ', Bath, by John Wood I, begun 1735: contemporary view Dorothy Stroud, Capability Brown (3rd ed, London 1975), p 123 Prior Park, the main block Miles Lewis Prior Park

QSQueen Square, Bath, by John Wood the Elder, 1729-1736: north side

Miles Lewis; Architecture of the World 18,913 house of John Wood, 41 Gay Street, corner of Queen Square , Bath, by John Wood, probably c 1750

MUAS 18,533 Bath plan as in 1765

MUAS 16,371 the Circus, Bath, by John Wood I, from 1754: view, 1773

Walter Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bath (Bath 1980 [1948]), p 144 the Circus , Bath

MUAS 24,502; 24,503 the Circus, Bath: plans of houses Ison, Georgian Buildings of Bath, p 98 Bath: aerial view showing Royal Crescent, the Circus, Gay Street and Queen Square Google Earth Roya l Crescen t, Ba th, by Jo hn Woo d II, 1767-74 Miles Lewis Royal Crescent, Bath, by John Wood II, 1767-74 Miles Lewis the Crescen t, Bux ton, Der bys hire, by Jo hn Carr (o f Yor k), 1780-4 Country Life, 4 February 1971, p 245 Camden Crescent, Bath, by John Eveleigh, 1788

Some rse t Place, Bath, by John Eveleigh, c 1790

AhittArchitecture of fthWld the World 18,967, 18,964 BthBath, aeri ilal v iew w ithLith Lans down Crescen ttt top lftleft Google Earth Camden Park, Menangle, NSW, by John Verge, 1831-5 Miles Lewis