Roger Morris and Lydiard Tregoze’, the Georgian Group Journal, Vol
Richard Hewlings, ‘Roger Morris and Lydiard Tregoze’, The Georgian Group Journal, Vol. xIV, 2004, pp. 33–47
text © the authors 2004 ROGER MORRIS & LYDIARD TREGOZE
RICHARD HEWLINGS
ydiard Park, at Lydiard Tregoze, four miles west seemed disquietingly facile. In Morris had only Lof Swindon, is the most important English just been identified. He was not one of those country house of ‘Palladian’ type whose architect has, architects whose existence had been continuously until now, been unknown. In the preceding article noted since his lifetime, unlike his relation Robert Carole Fry publishes her discovery of the nd . Lord Morris, whose publications had assured his recorded St. John’s payment to ‘Ro: Morris’ on September attention. Five of Roger’s designs had been published, , which strongly suggests that Roger Morris was all by Woolfe and Gandon in Vitruvius Britannicus , its architect. It has, however, been attributed to two (New Park Lodge, Richmond, and Combe Bank) Morris before, on the basis of its appearance. In , in vol. IV ( ), and three (Wimbledon House, when it had not long been in public ownership, Kirby Hall, and the Palladian Bridge at Wilton) in Christopher Hussey published a largely unsurpassed vol. V ( ). All five designs are inscribed ‘R. Morris account of it in Country Life. His first article (of two) Arch.’, and were inevitably taken to be the work of noted the ‘utmost magnificence’ and ‘assured Robert. accomplishment’ of the principal rooms, and ‘the Roger’s name first appeared in print years exquisite simplicity of the elevations’. In his view after his death, in January , when a letter to ‘a master mason … alone’ could not have been Country Life distinguished him from Robert for the responsible for this. His second article raised the first time. A brisk exchange of correspondence had stakes a little bit further. established Roger Morris as an architect by the … the analogies are definitely with London and not following April. The January letter, from Edith Olivier, with any provincial centre; the execution is first-rate identified him only as clerk of works of the Palladian and the themes are not only consistent in each room Bridge at Wilton. In February James Lees-Milne but with one another, producing the impression that testified that the architect’s drawings for Inverary they were selected and combined by a knowledgeable Castle were clearly signed ‘Roger Morris’. In March and fastidious mind Hussey revealed his discovery that Vertue had clearly And he was prepared to identify whose mind it was. called Roger Morris architect of Chichester Council ‘The general resemblance of the fronts, with their House, and Hussey speculated on what else Morris pavilions, to Wilton’, where Roger Morris had might have done at Goodwood. In April W.J. Hemp worked in – , and of the internal decoration to broadcast Morris’s post as Carpenter and Principal Marble Hill House, of which Morris was the architect, Engineer to the Board of Ordnance, his intimacy led him to attribute its design to Roger Morris. with the Duke of Argyll and Earl of Pembroke, his It is difficult to disagree with Hussey’s particular date of death and much of his genealogy. In March observations, and no one has disagreed with his of the following year Hussey enthusiastically conclusion. Nonetheless his attribution always attributed Trafalgar House, Standlynch, Wilts., to
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, view from the south before the rebuilding of c. –, on an early eighteenth-century estate map. Ward-Boughton-Leigh archives, Warwickshire Record Office.
Morris on the basis of misinformation—that Morris’s edition of Howard Colvin’s Biographical Dictionary , wife, Mary, was the sister of Sir Peter Vandeput, who it had disappeared from the edition. built the house. Further information about Morris’s * * * work at Wilton and at Eastbury emerged in and No accounts or letters have been found to confirm or respectively. deny Christopher Hussey’s insight. Date and builder Thus in an attribution to a newly discovered alone are known from a stone inscription inside the architect of such apparent importance may have been attic storey. more tempting than it would be today. Since the This house was Rebuilt AD: MDCCXLIII by Iohn careers of other previously unknown ‘Palladian’ Lord Viscount St. Iohn who Married Anne the architects (Daniel Garrett, Stephen Wright, or John Daughter & Coheiress of Sr. Robert Furnese Barronet Sanderson, for instance) have been established, and of Waldershare in the County of Kent now we might wish to consider them too as possible Lord St. John was the second Viscount, and in architects of Lydiard Park. Furthermore Hussey’s he had not long inherited, although still within the inclusion of Trafalgar House with the two other life of a very much older and very much better known buildings in which he saw resemblances to Lydiard brother, for which some explanation is required. diminishes confidence in his attribution; in this Both brothers were the children of Henry St. erroneous attribution was corrected, revealing John ( – ), who had been put in possession of Trafalgar to be the work of John James. There has Lydiard Tregoze in by his father, Sir Walter St. therefore been some cause to treat Hussey’s attribution John, rd. Baronet, although Sir Walter did not die with reserve. Although mentioned in the until . An early eighteenth-century view of
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, plan, . The room names currently used are, from left to right, ante-room, library, hall, dining room, drawing room, bedchamber and closet. Crawford and Gray Architects.
Lydiard Park shows a house whose front elevation September, the attainder including the loss of his was styled somewhat in the manner of William peerage. In France, James III appointed him his Hurlbutt (Fig. ). This could have been done for Secretary of State and created him Earl of Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, or even for Sir Walter, who was but he opposed the rebellion of and detached married to his cousin Johanna, daughter of the Oliver himself from James, who dismissed him in March St John who had built Thorpe Hall, Peterborough, . The first step in his rehabilitation came in the in –. following July, when his father (by then Sir Henry, Henry St. John married twice. His only son by th baronet since ) was elevated to the peerage his first marriage, also Henry, born in , was the as Viscount St. John, also with remainder to his sons famous Secretary of State in the Tory administration by his second wife. Bolingbroke was pardoned in of – , and subsequent political philosopher, and returned to the country in , although known to posterity as Lord Bolingbroke. He was his peerage remained abeyant during his life, only made a peer in , as Viscount Bolingbroke, with coming alive again for his heirs. special remainder to the sons of his father by the Beside Lydiard Tregoze, the family had an estate latter’s second marriage. Of these the second son and at Battersea, in Surrey, and the st . Lord St John lived ultimate heir was John, re-builder of the house in mainly in London, first in Bury Street, then from , who was born in , nearly twenty-four years to in Berkeley Street, and from at least after his famous elder brother. in Albemarle Street, where he died in . Yet As is well known, Bolingbroke fled the country Bolingbroke, although always in need of money, did in March and was attainted the following not take on Lydiard. He had the use of his wife’s
THE GEORGIAN GROUP JOURNAL VOLUME XIV ROGER MORRIS & LYDIARD TREGOZE house at Bucklebury on the Berkshire Downs (and in a pavillon in a fashionable convent, he evidently thus not far from Lydiard) until her death in , did so only for their recreational opportunities. He when she left it to her sister. By then he was was also clearly aware of the expressive possibilities ‘superintending buildings’ at Marcilly-sur-Seine, of his residence. He made use of rural retreat as a near Nogent-sur-Seine, in Champagne, the home of political stance. He was pleased to know that he was his second wife, formerly the Marquise de Villette. nicknamed ‘the Thracian’ in his absence at From to they leased the Château de la Bucklebury, the reference being to Xenophon, Source, near Orléans, where he built a new house awaiting his country’s call. As an obviously and ornamented the grounds which surround the political gesture he renamed Dawley Dawley Farm , spring from which the property takes its name. In and had rakes and spades painted on the walls of the he bought Dawley House in Middlesex, and hall. All this suggests a belief that the value of a engaged Gibbs to alter and enlarge it. But in he country seat was solely political. So he may have retired to Chanteloup in Touraine, with the later use resigned Lydiard to his brother because, excluded of a château at Argeville, near Fontainebleau (for the from the House of Lords, he had no political hunting), and of a pavillon in the convent of Notre opportunities. Dame at Sens, of which his step-daughter was There are indications that Bolingbroke’s abbess. He sold Dawley in . In he resignation of his interest in Lydiard Park took place returned to England again, and from then until his in . He retained the income from the death in he evidently had the use of the family woodlands, the advowson of the church and, manor house at Battersea, although his father’s strangely, the contents of both Lydiard Park and will, made in , makes it clear that the lease of Battersea Manor House apart from the pictures. Battersea was at that date held by the younger son, These arrangements were evidently complete by the John. An accommodation was probably arrived at time the old lord made his will on October, which after their father’s death in . accordingly scarcely mentions John. But John St. A letter written in by Bolingbroke to their John would presumably have been free to rebuild sister, Henrietta, Lady Luxborough, reveals what from then at least. purpose he thought a country house served, and may Increasing means of doing so became available in explain why he did not take the opportunity to live at . John St. John had two sources of income Lydiard. additional to those of his father and brother. He had I am glad that my Lord St. John has done so much at married an heiress, Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Lydiard. I abandoned it to him that he might restore Furnese, nd . Bart., of Waldershare Park, Kent. They that family seat, and that by living there decently and married in , and the settlement provided him hospitably he might restore a family interest, too much with £ , . Her father died in , and his only and too long neglected. son and immediate heir, Sir Henry, died in , The political purpose of display, in this case its leaving Mrs St. John co-heiress with her two sisters architectural form, is plainly expressed here by a to the Furnese fortune. Much of this may have been potential landowner who was himself a political spent quite soon on the purchase of No. South philosopher. Marcilly, La Source and Dawley are Audley Street, newly built, but evidently incomplete, testimony to an interest in architecture on his part. for in John St. John contracted with Edward But when he lived in the country, in hunting boxes Shepherd to complete, fit it up and decorate it for on the Berkshire Downs or the Forest of £, . However, another source of income Fontainebleau, in a garden built around a spring or became available in , when he succeeded to the
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agent, a borough officer or a surveyor; if the latter, he could have been Batty Langley, who would then have been . Later in the letter St. John told Smith that he had ‘Drawn on you to Nat: Ireson or order £ : please to honour it, & take a receipt.’ ‘Nat: Ireson’ was presumably the Warwickshire builder who had been apprenticed to Francis Smith, and who had settled at Wincanton in Somerset in , practising also as an architect there. Two later letters from St. John to Smith (who had obtained a house design from Ireson) reveal that St. John knew Ireson as an architect. And in a postscript to the letter St. Fig. . Sketch of a pediment with the arms of the John wrote, ‘I pray order Osborne to see my lime is nd. Viscount and Viscountess St. John, doubtless well secured from the weather, & kept locked, to sell a proposal for Lydiard Park, c. . none but for ready money, except to your Honour.’ Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office. On the back of a letter to St. John dated June there is a sketch of a pediment with the arms of post of Controller of Customs and Subsidies of the St. John with a viscount’s coronet, and of Furnese in Port of London, worth £, a year, whose reversion an escutcheon of pretence (Fig. ). Although a had been bought for him by his father from the Duchess of Kendal in . The first indication of building at Lydiard can be found in a letter from St. John to his Wiltshire neighbour Goddard Smith of Tockenham, dateable to around May . I am sure I’ve been a very great Dupe to the Wotten Brickmakers, they have not only cheated me in the price of Six pence a thousand, but I’ve reason to think much in the Tale [tally], both of Brick & Lime. As to the Godness of it you are quite sensible of it. This comes of Electioneering, for my part I’ll have nothing more to do in it. I am glad I’ve got rid of Langly, he has been at the bottom of it all. I am some hundreds the worse for him. I’ve writ to Ralph about the Kiln &c. he need not Dig anymore Clay till I come Down. I really, Please God, Design to sett out next Monday fortnight. In the meantime, desire him to go on Burning, both Brick & Tile, with all expedition.
‘Wotten’ is Wootton Bassett, the nearest town to Lydiard before Swindon grew. The electioneering was presumably St. John’s unsuccessful contest of the Wootton Bassett election, which was held on Fig. . Lydiard Park, niche in the closet, . May . It is unclear whether Langly was an Country Life.
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, chimneypiece in the drawing room, . Country Life.
sketch, it is reasonably accomplished, and may have Bank from , although it was scarcely used until been made by an architect. It is, however, a proposal, . On September of that year it records a for the thick foliage swags which flank the arms in payment of £ to ‘Ro: Morris’, and on November the sketch were replaced in execution by fluttering following the first of five payments to ‘Nathl. Ireson’, ribbons with the St. John motto (Fig. ). totalling £ , of which the last was made on Reasonable inferences to be drawn from this October . ‘Ro:’ could be an abbreviation for contextual information might therefore include the either Roger or Robert, the payment is not recorded possibilities that Gibbs, his older brother’s architect, or in relation to Lydiard, nor to any building at all, so it Edward Shepherd, architect of his own town house, does not confirm Christopher Hussey’s attribution were John St. John’s architect at Lydiard Tregoze; that absolutely. Nonetheless, taken in conjunction with Batty Langley might have been engaged and dismissed circumstances unknown to Hussey, it makes his before building began; that St. John certainly engaged attribution extremely convincing, and it confirms St. a brickmaker called Ralph, and Nathaniel Ireson in an John’s employment of Nathaniel Ireson. unknown capacity. Building materials were being The first of these circumstances are St. John’s assembled in May , and the pediment had yet to own connections. Sir Robert Furnese, his father-in- be carved some time after June . law, had built the Belvedere in Waldershare Park, * * * probably to the design of Colen Campbell, Roger But Carole Fry has found slightly more specific Morris’s master. The only two building tradesmen information. St. John had an account at Hoare’s of the Belvedere whose work is otherwise known,
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, chimneypiece in the hall, . Country Life.
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George Mercer and John Hughes, both worked under Morris elsewhere. Morris, as Campbell’s commercial or professional heir, might thereby have been the favoured choice of St. John’s wife. One of the two executors of his will, made in June , was Henry Furnese. This cannot have been his brother-in-law, Sir Henry Furnese, rd. Bart., since the latter died in . It must have been the latter’s cousin, Henry Furnese of Gunnersbury Park, Middlesex. Henry Furnese was perhaps a friend and in July certainly a dinner guest of Lord Burlington’s at Chiswick, through whom he might have met Morris. He was also a friend and political ally of George Bubb Dodington; both Furnese and Dodington were leading members of the Prince of Wales’s party, and St. John, who first entertained the Prince at Battersea in , was described as intimate with him in . If, as seems likely, he too was a member of this party, he would have found that Morris was its favoured architect, probably working for other members, such as the th . Earl of Westmoreland and Sir Francis Dashwood, certainly working for Dodington at Eastbury, Fig. . Lydiard Park, chimneypiece in the ante-room, . Hammersmith and Pall Mall, and accompanying him Crawford and Gray Architects. on a tour of Italy in – . Goddard Smith’s diary also reveals a little about Goodwood and Chichester for the nd . Duke of Lord St. John’s social circle in north Wiltshire and Richmond; and in different ways they contributed west Berkshire, which evidently included Sir Mark to the school and almshouses at Sevenoaks. Lord Pleydell of Coleshill and Lord Bruce of Tottenham. and Lady Bruce also had direct knowledge of Both had benefited from the architectural advice of Morris’s work; in they were married at Combe Lord Burlington, which might seem to favour the Bank in Kent, designed by Morris for her father, Col. latter as architect of Lydiard, and it is true that there John Campbell, and the next day they announced are features at Lydiard which are taken from Chiswick their immediate intention of visiting Col. Fane (the House—the diamond-patterned coffering in the future Lord Westmoreland) at Mereworth, where closet niche (Fig. ), the entire chimneypiece in the Morris succeeded Campbell as architect. So Lord drawing room (Fig. ), and the downward-tapering St. John might well have found that Morris was pilasters of the hall chimneypiece (Fig. ). But recommended by his north Wiltshire neighbours; Lord Burlington was as much a collaborator with should he have mixed with Lords Pembroke and Morris as was (more famously) the th . Earl of Folkestone, respectively at Wilton House and Pembroke. Morris and Burlington together Longford Castle in the south of the county, he might contributed to the design of Castle Hill, Devon, and well have received the same advice. Kirby Hall, Yorkshire; they were both involved at If he had sought similar advice from his
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, chimneypiece in the dining room, Fig. . Lydiard Park, chimneypiece in the bedchamber, . Country Life. . Country Life. neighbours in South Audley Street, he would have Even Lord St. John’s brother had first-hand found Roger Morris’s work prominent among them. knowledge of Morris. In Morris had built the Morris’s own house in Green Street was one of the column commemorating the Duke of Marlborough biggest and most distinctive on the Grosvenor estate in Blenheim Park. Bolingbroke had composed the in Mayfair; he had built stables and a riding house inscription on it. One of Bolingbroke’s friends, the for the nd . Troop of Horse Guards in Park Street, nd . Earl of Marchmont, had also employed Morris to one of the few public buildings on the estate; he survey a house for him in Grosvenor Square in . was paid by Lord Clinton (his patron at Castle Hill, It is thus not surprising to find that when Lord Devon) for work of some kind at No. Grosvenor St. John wrote to Goddard Smith in August , Square in , and by Lord Guilford (subsequently discussing architectural drawings made for the latter Lady St. John’s brother-in-law) for work at No. by Nathaniel Ireson, Roger Morris was associated in Grosvenor Square in the ’s; and No. some way with the four country houses which he Grosvenor Square, built in – for John Aislabie also chose to discuss in the same letter. Smith had (his patron at Studley Royal), has been attributed been to Ripon, where Morris had built the stables at to him. Studley Royal under Campbell’s direction, and
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, front door, . Country Life.
probably more by himself. St. John wrote: ‘I am glad was presumably Stourhead, built for Henry Hoare by you find Studley as Beautifull as I discribed it’. Colen Campbell c. – , with Ireson as principal St. John, on the other hand, had contractor, and further developed by Morris in and . been at Wilton, Doddingtons and Mr Hoares, all three delightfull in their different ways, the d is Magnificent * * * past all description, it’s a Gold Palace not the house of The corpus of Morris’s known work having been a Subject. Mr Hoare’s is the very Counterpart of enlarged since , Morris’s design idiosyncrasies Studley, Acres of Clear Water in a Valley & the hills are better known now than they could have been to Nobly planted with trees & Temples, falls of water, Christopher Hussey. At least six of these are visible Obolisks, &c without End. at Lydiard. One of the most distinctive is the At Wilton Morris had designed the Palladian Bridge treatment of chimney breasts in the hall, ante-room, in – , and had made further alterations to the dining room and bedchamber (Figs. , , and ). house in . ‘Doddingtons’ was presumably Although these project into the room, they are not Eastbury in Dorset, which Morris had completed continued up to the ceiling as was customary, with c. – for George Bubb Dodington. ‘Mr Hoares’ the ceiling cornice breaking forward round them.
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, hall, . Country Life.
Instead the chimneybreast is curtailed above the The larger plaster panels on shorter walls of the overmantel, leaving the wall plane above it and the hall at Lydiard have intruded top corners, with ceiling cornice uninterrupted. This treatment may paterae placed in the intrusions, and swagged have been pioneered by Campbell, who used it at wreaths suspended from masks at the top of each Mereworth Castle and Compton Place, Eastbourne, panel (Fig. ). This almost duplicates the treatment houses where Morris succeeded him as architect. of the larger panels in the saloon at Marble Hill, save Leoni also used it, at Lathom and at Clandon, and for the number of swags. there is a case for believing that Leoni was another The coved ceiling of the hall at Lydiard, although disciple of Campbell. But Morris used it more than not unique to Morris, is also characteristic of his any one else—at Marble Hill, Combe Bank and style (Fig. ). Examples can be found in the hall at Adderbury, and in other buildings which are merely Althorp, the saloon at New Park Lodge, Richmond , attributed to him. in Morris’s drawings for the gallery at Adderbury, for The fanlight above the front door is also the saloon at Beechwood Park, Hertfordshire and in distinctive (Fig. ). It has radiating glazing bars those for the Bank of England. connected at their outer ends by semi-circles instead The screens of columns at Lydiard, Ionic in the of the more usual segments. Morris used this design dining room, Corinthian in the bedchamber, are also at Marble Hill, and it can also be seen on buildings characteristic of Morris (Figs. and ). Corinthian attributed to him at Apethorpe, Mereworth Castle, screens are found in the bedchamber at Marble Hill, Mereworth Church and Narford. and Ionic screens in the hall of No. Clifford
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Fig. . Lydiard Park, dining room, . Crown copyright NMR.
Fig. . Lydiard Park, bedchamber, . Crown copyright NMR..
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Street. Like the overmantels, they appear to have NOTES been formerly a partiality of Colen Campbell’s, who Christopher Hussey, ‘Lydiard Tregoz, Wilts’, used the Ionic version in the long gallery at Compton Country Life , CIII, March and , , – , – . Place and in Sir Robert Walpole’s bedchamber at John Woolfe and James Gandon, Vitruvius Houghton. Britannicus , IV, London, , – (New Park Although the diamond coffering pattern in the Lodge) and – (Combe Bank). niche of the closet at Lydiard (Fig. ) is similar to the Ibid. , V, London, , – (Wimbledon), – coffering in the niches of the gallery at Chiswick, (Kirby) and (Palladian Bridge). Edith Olivier, ‘Wilton House – , and the diamond coffering was not an invention of Lord Earls of Pembroke—I’, Country Life , XCV, January Burlington’s. Wren, for instance, had used it in St. , – . Paul’s and in St. Clement Danes. It was an ancient James Lees-Milne, ‘The Inveraray architects’, Roman pattern, conspicuously used in the Temple of Country Life , XCV, February , . Venus and Roma in Rome, and recorded there by Christopher Hussey, ‘Roger Morris, architect’, Palladio. Morris used it too, in the shell grotto at Country Life , XCV, March , . W.J. Hemp, ‘Who was Roger Morris?’, Country Goodwood and in his designs for the Bank of Life , XCV, April , . England, so its use at Lydiard is not really an Christopher Hussey, ‘Trafalgar House, Wiltshire’, argument for Lord Burlington as architect. It is Country Life , XCVIII, July , . equally an argument for Roger Morris, and, taken Christopher Hussey, ‘Palladian Bridge Architect’, with the features listed above, it is a better one. Country Life , CI, June , –; F.J.B. Watson, ’Roger Morris and Eastbury’, Country Life , Carole Fry’s discovery of the bank payment may CV, February , . imply that Morris was the architect of Lydiard Park. Sally Jeffery, ‘An architect for Standlynch House’, In conjunction with patronal connections, and with Country Life, CLXXIX, February , –. visual affinities to buildings now known to be by Howard Colvin, Biographical Dictionary of British Morris, but not so known in , that implication is Architects – , London, , . very convincing. Elizabeth Crittall (ed.), The Victoria History of the Counties of England, A History of Wiltshire , IX , . Warwick, Warwickshire Record Office, Ward- Boughton-Leigh archives, CR / ; reproduced in John Bold with John Reeves, Wilton House and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS English Palladianism , London, , , fig. . I am grateful to Warwickshire County Record Office Dictionary of National Biography , XVII, Oxford, – (hereafter DNB ), . for permission to reproduce the drawing illustrated GEC[okayne], The Complete Peerage , II, London, in fig. , to Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office for , ; ibid., XI, London, , –. permission to reproduce the drawing illustrated in Burke’s Peerage …, London, , –. fig. , and to Messrs. Crawford and Gray, architects, Brian Carne, ‘John, nd Viscount St.John for permission to reproduce their drawings in figs. ( – )’, Friends of Lydiard Tregoze Report and . I am grateful to the Rev. Canon Brian Carne, (hereafter FLTR ), XXXIII, and . DNB , cit. , (Bucklebury), (Marcilly and La Ms. Anna Eavis and Mrs. Sarah French-Crisp for Source), and (Dawley), (Chanteloup, their help in obtaining prints. Canon Carne, Sir Argeville and Sens); Sheila Radice, ‘Bolingbroke in Howard Colvin and Mr. John Neale read drafts of France’, Notes and Queries , CLXXVII, , ; this article and made helpful observations. Terry Friedman, James Gibbs , New Haven and London, , –. H.T. Dickinson, Bolingbroke , London, , , , , .
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Carne, op. cit ., , Appendix . Campbell [H.M. Colvin, The History of the King’s Romney Sedgwick (ed.), The History of Works , V, London, , ; Sheppard, op. cit. , Parliament: The House of Commons – , XXXII ( ), London, , ; Geoffrey Beard London, , II, ; Carne, op. cit., . Decorative Plasterwork in Great Britain , London, Dickinson, op. cit ., , n. . , ]. But Morris is the only architect under Ibid. , ; DNB , cit. , . whom both are known to have worked [For Mercer, Carne, op. cit. , , quoting a letter from Bolingbroke see Richard Hewlings, ‘Adderbury House’, in to St. John of April : ‘I said you and your Malcolm Airs (ed.), Baroque and Palladian; the children were to keep up the family, and in that view early eighteenth-century great house , Oxford, , I put you four years ago into possession of the Seat , ; Steven Parissien, ‘Monkey Business’, of it’. Country Life , CLXXXVIII, November , ; Carne, op. cit., . Christopher Storr, Landguard Fort , unpublished Carne, op. cit., and . report for English Heritage, . For Hughes, Carne, op. cit., ; John Bernard Burke, … Extinct see T.P. Connor, ‘Architecture and Planting at and Dormant Baronetcies …, London, , . Goodwood’, Sussex Archaeological Collections , Carne, op. cit., ; F.H.W. Sheppard (ed.), Survey of CXVII, , – ]. London, XL ( The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair ), Carne, op. cit. , Appendix , –. London, , . Romney Sedgwick, The House of Commons – , Carne, op. cit., ; Sedgwick, loc. cit. . London, , II, . For Furnese’s friendship with Carne, op. cit ., , citing Devizes, Wiltshire Pulteney, see ibid. , , and for Pulteney’s with Archaeological Society, Library, W.J. Parsons Burlington, see Eveline Cruickshanks, ‘The Political collection (hereafter Parsons), Book (‘Old Letters Career of the Third Earl of Burlington’, in Toby No. ’), p. . Barnard and Jane Clark (eds.), Lord Burlington: Carne, op. cit ., ; Sedgwick, op. cit., I, . Architecture, Art and Life , London, , . For Howard Colvin, Biographical Dictionary of British Furnese’s work at Gunnersbury, see Roger White, Architects – , New Haven and London, ‘ “As finely finished as anything”; Gunnersbury Park, (hereafter Colvin), . West London’, Country Life , CLXXII, November Ibid ., . , – . For his presence at Chiswick, see Carne, op. cit. , , citing Parsons, Book , no page London, British Library, Althorp MSS, B , Lady ref.. Burlington to Lord Hartington, July . Carne, op. cit. , , citing Parsons, Book , p. . John Carswell and Lewis Arnold Dralle (eds.), The Osborne is unlikely to have been a building Political Journal of George Bubb Dodington , tradesman; he may have been either Thomas Oxford, , xiv, xvi–xxii. Osborne of St. Andrew, Holborn, steward of Lord Carne, op. cit. , , without citing source. St. John’s Battersea estate, or George Osborne, vicar Morris’s work for Westmoreland and Dodington is of Battersea, both identifiable in the st. Lord St. noted in Colvin, op. cit. , – ; and the attribution John’s will [Carne, op. cit ., Appendix , –]. to him of drawings for Dashwood is made by Trowbridge, Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office, [Gervase Jackson Stops], West Wycombe Park, /. Buckinghamshire [National Trust guidebook] , London, C. Hoare and Co., Customer Ledger , London, , , ; and Steven Parissien, The fol. (‘Ro: Morris’); idem , and ibid. , Customer Careers of Roger and Robert Morris , unpublished Ledger S. fols. and (‘Nathl. Ireson’). D.Phil. thesis, Oxford, , . Richard Hewlings, ‘The Belvedere at Waldershare Carne, op. cit. , Appendix , , , and Park’, forthcoming. The attribution of the Belvedere (Pleydell), and (Bruce), citing Parsons, MS to Campbell is based on the draughtsmanship of a transcription of the diaries of Goddard Smith. proposal drawing for it at Chatsworth, Devonshire Colvin, cit. , and . Collection, Boy [ ]. Richard Hewlings, ‘Chiswick House: appearance Maidstone, Centre for Kentish studies, U /A . and meaning’, in Toby Barnard and Jane Clark Mercer also worked under Gibbs [Friedman, op. cit. , (eds.), Lord Burlington: architecture, art and life , , , and ], and Hughes worked under London and Rio Grande, , and figs. a and
THE GEORGIAN GROUP JOURNAL VOLUME XIV ROGER MORRIS & LYDIARD TREGOZE
b (diamond coffering), and figs. c and d For examples at Marble Hill, see Marie P.G. Draper (chimneypiece), and and figs. h, i and j and Peter Eden, Marble Hill House and its owners , (downward-tapering pilasters). London, , plates , , , and . For an Colvin, cit. , , , and . example at Combe Bank, see John Harris, The Richard Hewlings, ’The School and Almshouses at Palladians, London, , , fig. . For examples Sevenoaks’, Georgian Group Journal , XI, , . at Adderbury, see Hewlings, ‘Adderbury...’, cit. , Colvin, cit. , . For their marriage and the (fig. ), (fig. ), (fig. ), (figs. and ), Mereworth visit, see Chatsworth, Archives, Letter and (figs. and ). .. For the Marble Hill example, see Draper and Eden, Colvin, cit. , . op. cit ., plates , and . For that at Apethorpe, Sheppard, op. cit. , –. see John Heward and Robert Taylor, The Country Ibid. , . Houses of Northamptonshire , Swindon, , Ibid. , ; Colvin, cit. , . (fig. ). For those in the wings of Mereworth Castle, Sheppard, op. cit ., . Lord Guilford married Lady see Parissien, op. cit. , . For that at Mereworth St. John’s sister in [Burke’s Peerage, London, Church, see Terry Friedman, The Georgian Parish , ]. Church , Reading, , plate . For Narford Hall, Sheppard, op. cit ., XXXIX, and fig. A. see Steven Parissien, John Harris and Howard Colvin, cit. , ; David Green, Blenheim Palace , Colvin, ‘Narford Hall, Norfolk’, The Georgian London, , . Group Report and Journal , , – . The Dickinson, op. cit. , , note . fanlight type was first identified as such and Parissien, op. cit. , , citing Edinburgh, Scottish discussed in Parissien, D.Phil., cit ., . Record Office, Marchmont MSS, GD / . For Draper and Eden, op. cit., plates , and . Bolingbroke’s friendship with Marchmont, see For Althorp, see Hussey, … Mid-Georgian , cit. , Dickinson, op. cit. , and . Bolingbroke (fig. ). New Park Lodge is described in Colvin, regarded the rd. Earl (the nd. Earl’s son) as his King’s Works , cit. , – , but the saloon is not political heir, and let him live at Battersea Manor illustrated in any publication known to me. For House [ Ibid ., et al. ]. Adderbury, see Hewlings, ‘Adderbury…’, cit. , Carne, op. cit. , Appendix , , citing Parsons, Book (fig. ), (fig. ), and (fig. ). For Beechwood , no page ref.. Park, see Parissien, op. cit. , and fig. . For the Colvin, cit. , ; Parissien, op. cit. , , citing Bank of England, see Richard Hewlings, ‘Roger Wilton, Pembroke MSS, /E!/ . Morris and the Bank of England’, Georgian Group Colvin, cit. , . Journal , VIII, , (figs. –). Christopher Hussey, English Country Houses Mid For the example at Marble Hill, see Draper and Georgian , London, , . Eden, op. cit ., plate . For that at Clifford Street, Christopher Hussey, English Country Houses Early see Sheppard op. cit. , XXXII, (fig. ) and Georgian , London, , (fig. ), (fig. ), plate b. (fig. ) illustrate examples at Mereworth, and For the example at Compton Place, see Hussey, (fig. ) illustrates one at Compton Place. …Early Georgian , cit. , (fig. ). For that at I do not know of an example at Lathom that has Houghton, see ibid. , (fig. ). been published; a photograph of one, however, is at Hewlings, ‘Chiswick House…’, cit. , . Swindon, English Heritage, National Monuments Christopher Hussey, ‘Goodwood House—II, Record Centre, BB / . Hussey, …Early Sussex’, Country Life , LXXII, July th., , ; Georgian , cit. , (fig. ) and (fig. ) Hewlings, ‘Roger Morris and the Bank of England’, illustrate examples at Clandon. The dependence of cit. , (figs. and ). Leoni upon Campbell is suggested in Richard Hewlings, ‘James Leoni’, in Roderick Brown (ed.), The Architectural Outsiders, London, , cit ., –.
THE GEORGIAN GROUP JOURNAL VOLUME XIV