Date: July 2016
Lydiard Tregoze, Swindon
Landscape and Visual Assessment
Prepared by CSa Environmental Planning
On behalf of Taylor Wimpey Oxfordshire
( (88 (8 Report No: CSa/2326/02c
Date: July 2016
Lydiard Tregoze,
Swindon
Landscape and Visual
Assessment
Prepared by CSa Environmental Planning
On behalf of Taylor Wimpey Oxfordshire
Date Prepared by Authorised by File Ref
Rev A 15.07.14 LJK CS 2326/02 Rev B 23.09.15 SG CS 2326/02b Rev C 24.06.16 CA CS 2326/02c Report No: CSa/2326/02c
CONTENTS Page
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Site Location and Context 3
3.0 Landscape Policy Context 7
4.0 Site Description and Visibility 11
5.0 Ability of the Site to Accommodate Development 15
6.0 Conclusion 20
Appendices
Appendix A: Location Plan
Appendix B: Aerial Photograph
Appendix C: Photographs
Appendix D: MAGIC map with Heritage Information
Appendix E: Housing Layout Site Plan
Appendix F: Methodology and Summary of Landscape and Visual Effects
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 CSa Environmental Planning has been appointed by Taylor Wimpey Oxfordshire to undertake a landscape and visual appraisal of land at Lydiard Tregoze, Swindon, Wiltshire as part of the supporting information for a full planning application for residential development of 48 homes, with open space and accompanying infrastructure works. The location of the site is illustrated on the Location Plan at Appendix A and on the Aerial Photograph at Appendix B.
1.2 This appraisal describes the existing landscape character, quality and visual characteristics of the site. The report then goes on to assess the potential landscape and visual impacts resulting from the proposed development. The findings of this appraisal have informed the preparation of the site layout, a copy of which is contained in Appendix E.
Methodology
1.3 This appraisal is based on a site visit undertaken by suitably qualified and experienced Landscape Architect in May 2014. The vegetation was in full leaf at this time and weather conditions were good.
1.4 In landscape and visual impact appraisals, a distinction is drawn between landscape effects (i.e. effects on the character or quality of the landscape irrespective of whether there are any views of the landscape, or viewers to see them) and visual effects (i.e. effects on people’s views of the landscape, principally from any residential properties, but also from public rights of way and other areas with general public access). This report therefore considers the potential impact of development on both landscape character and visibility. The methodology utilised in this report and a summary of the landscape and visual effects is contained in Appendix F.
1.5 Photographs contained within this document (Appendix C) were taken using a digital camera with a lens focal length approximating to 50mm, to give a similar depth of vision to the human eye. In some instances images have been combined to create a panorama.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 2
2.0 SITE LOCATION AND CONTEXT
Site Location
2.1 The site is located on the south-western edge of Swindon, within Wiltshire District, formerly North Wiltshire District.
Site Context
2.2 This site comprises a broadly rectangular field of pasture and a band of woodland, totalling approximately 6 hectares. It lies immediately to the south of Tewkesbury Way and west of Hay Lane, abutting the urban edge of Swindon. The Middleaze and Nine Elms area of Swindon lie to the north of the site with The Prinnels area to the east. To the south of the site is an area of horse grazed pasture, beyond which is Lydiard Country Park. To the west is open farmland with the village of Lydiard Millicent beyond.
2.3 Housing within The Prinnels and Middleaze is predominantly medium density, two-storey development dating from the 1970’s. A pedestrian underpass, close to the north-east corner of the site, passes beneath Tewkesbury Way, linking Hay Lane to Middleaze.
2.4 The site and its neighbouring fields are currently used for grazing horses.
2.5 Access to the site is currently from its north-eastern corner from a gated path which leads from Tewkesbury Way. An unmade public footpath crosses the site diagonally from the north east access, exiting partway along the southern boundary.
Statutory and non-statutory landscape designations
2.6 There are no statutory or non-statutory landscape designations covering the site or adjoining area. The land to the south and west does however form part of the registered park and garden of Lydiard Tregoze; this is discussed more fully below and in the heritage assessment.
National Landscape Character
2.7 ‘The Character Map of England’ (a national assessment of landscape character by the Countryside Commission and English Nature (now Natural England), produced in 1999) divides the country into 159 National Character Areas. The site and its environs are identified as lying within Character Area 108 Upper Thames Clay Vales and the sub-character area of Wiltshire, Oxfordshire and Buckingham Vales.
2.8 The landscape within the sub-character area is described as:
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 3
A broad belt of open, gently undulating lowland farmland underlain by an expanse of heavy blue-grey Oxford Clay and Kimmeridge Clays. In many places the clay is covered locally by gravel deposits. Contrasting landscapes including enclosed clayland pasture with wet valleys, mixed farming, hedges, hedge trees and field trees and more settled, open, arable lands. Mature oaks give a parkland feel in many places. Little woodland cover but hedgerows and mature field and hedgerow trees are a feature with many watercourses fringed with willow or poplar. Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 2005
2.9 In 2005, Land Use Consultants undertook a county wide assessment of the character of the landscape for Wiltshire County Council. That assessment identifies the site as lying within Area 8A, Swindon - Lyneham Limestone Ridge. The overall condition of the Limestone Ridge Landscape Type is described as moderate and the overall strength of character is similarly evaluated as moderate. In respect of the landscapes on the edge of settlements it notes that these often become degraded with flailed hedgerows and urban fringe land uses, such as horse pasture. The assessment also refers to the 2004 North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment which is described below.
Local Landscape Character
2.10 A district wide Landscape Character Assessment was prepared by White Consultants in June 2004, to form supplementary planning guidance to the then emerging North Wiltshire Local Plan. White Consultants assessment has continued to be used to inform the emerging Wiltshire Core Strategy.
2.11 That assessment identifies the site as lying within the Urban Fringe Landscape Character Type and the Swindon Fringe Character Area. The Swindon Fringe Character Area occupies the area of higher ground to the west of the urban area of Swindon. It is defined to the west and north by a steep scarp slope, which overlooks the Thames Lowlands and, to the south, by the edge of Wootton Bassett. It includes the town of Wootton Bassett and the linear villages or Purton, Hook and Lydiard Millicent.
2.12 The assessment notes that the influence of Swindon on the area is significant, with ribbon development between the major urban centres and that there is a diversity of land uses ranging from residential to light industrial and service sector and retail uses.
2.13 The principal characteristics of the Swindon Fringe Landscape Character Area are summarised as follows:
Elevated ground with rolling hills and a steep escarpment to the north Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 4
and east.
Significant areas of housing development in the town of Woolston and in ribbon development between the villages. A mix of building ages and styles, from historic village centres to more recent brick and reconstituted stone houses. Wide views are available from elevated positions on the scarp slope of the coral rag and from high points such as Brynard’s Hill, over floodplain and lowland vales and also eastwards towards Swindon. Degraded agricultural landscapes and small irregular fields of medieval origin, with gappy hedgerows and a lack of mature trees. Some unimproved meadows. Areas of woodland, including ancient woodland. A comprehensive network of public footpaths.
Listed buildings and Scheduled monuments
2.14 Lydiard Park which lies to the south and west of the site, is a Grade II Registered Park and Garden. The landscape park in its present form covers an area of approximately 149 hectares and is largely nineteenth century. It encompasses several listed buildings consisting of:
The main house, seventeenth century, Grade I; the Church of St. Mary, Grade I; Railings and piers to churchyard, Grade II; Several chest tombs, associated with the church, Grade II.
2.15 The extent of the listed park is shown on the heritage plan at Appendix D and can be seen to include Lydiard Park to the south and Lydiard Country Park to the west. The boundary extends as far northwards as the southern boundary of the site but excludes the field immediately to the west of the site.
Public Rights of way
2.16 An unmade public footpath crosses the site diagonally from the north-east corner of the site by Tewkesbury Way and Hay Lane, to the midpoint of the southern boundary. From the southern boundary the footpath continues to the junction of several paths which converge by the gateway to the drive to Lydiard Church.
2.17 Immediately south of the south-west corner of the site, there are two further public footpaths linking Holborn in the north-east to Lydiard Tregoze Park and the church.
2.18 Beyond the eastern boundary is a hard-surfaced public footpath which follows Hay Lane, linking Tewkesbury Way with the gateway to the park to the east.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 5
There is also a public footpath following the east-west aligned driveway on the edge of the park.
Tree preservation orders (TPO)
2.19 There are no trees on or adjacent to the site covered by Tree Preservation Orders, as shown on the Wiltshire Council online mapping system.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 6
3.0 LANDSCAPE POLICY CONTEXT
Wiltshire Council Local Development Scheme (2015)
3.1 Wiltshire Council adopted its Local Development Scheme in 2015, which sets out a programme of work for the local planning policy documents. As part of this process a partial review of the adopted Core Strategy (2015) and the Saved Local Plan Policies is currently being undertaken, and the Wilshire Housing Site Allocations Development Plan Document is also currently being developed. Until these documents are formally adopted in their entirety, the Saved policies in the North Wiltshire Local Plan 2011 remain in force in so far as they accord with the NPPF.
3.2 The Wiltshire Core Strategy includes the following landscape policies and objectives which are of relevance to the site.
3.3 Strategic Objective 5 is concerned with protecting and enhancing the natural, historic and built environment.
3.4 Core Policy 50, Biodiversity and Geodiversity, seeks to ensure protection and enhancement of identified sites and features and to help halt and reverse current negative trends including:
Species and habitats of conservation concern; Areas of habitat with restoration potential; and Features providing an ecological function for wildlife, particularly wildlife corridors of all scales which provide ecological connectivity allowing species to move through the landscape.
3.5 Core Policy 51, Landscape, seeks to protect, conserve and enhance Wiltshire’s distinctive landscape character in terms of both the built, historic and natural environment in urban, peri-urban and rural areas. In particular, it states that proposals will need to demonstrate that the following aspects of landscape character have been considered:
The locally distinctive pattern and species composition of natural features such as trees, hedgerows, woodland, field boundaries, watercourses and waterbodies; The locally distinctive character of settlements and their landscape settings; Landscape features of cultural, historic and heritage value; Important views and visual amenity; and Landscape functions including places to live, work, relax and recreate.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 7
3.6 Core Policy 52, Green Infrastructure, seeks to make provision for the retention and enhancement of Wiltshire’s Green Infrastructure network with the objective of ensuring that suitable links to the network are provided and maintained. If damage or loss of existing green infrastructure is unavoidable, the creation of new or replacement green infrastructure will be required. Proposals will need to demonstrate that the following aspects have been considered:
Retain and enhance existing on site green infrastructure; Make provision for accessible open space in accordance with the requirements of the Wiltshire Open Space Standards; Ensure long term management of any green infrastructure; and Identify opportunities to enhance and improve linkages between the natural and historic landscapes of Wiltshire.
3.7 Core Policy 57, Ensuring High Quality Design, states that development should:
Enhance local distinctiveness, respond to the value of natural and historic environment, relating positively to its landscape setting and the existing pattern of development; Retain and enhance existing important landscaping and natural features (for example trees, hedges, banks and watercourses) effectively integrating the development into its setting; Respond positively to existing townscape and landscape . . . to effectively integrate the building into its setting; Be sympathetic to and conserving historic buildings and landscapes; Maximise opportunities for sustainable construction techniques; Make efficient use of land whilst taking account of the characteristics of the site and the wider character area; Ensure that the public realm, including new roads and other rights of way are designed to create places of character which are legible and accessible; and Use high standards of materials, finishes and landscaping.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 8
3.8 Core Policy 58, Ensuring the Conservation of the Historic Environment, aims to ensure that important monuments, sites and landscapes and areas of historic and built heritage are protected and enhanced. Development should not have an unacceptable impact on the historic environment, particularly where this could be avoided or mitigated. Designated historic assets include historic parks and gardens and their setting.
North Wiltshire Local Plan 2011
3.9 The North Wiltshire Local Plan 2011 shows that the site lies in the countryside but that there are no designations for landscape character or quality covering it. The main saved landscape policies that relate to the site are outlined below.
3.10 Saved Policy NE11, Conserving Biodiversity, states that development proposals should ensure that species and habitats set out in the UK and local biodiversity action plans will be protected and where possible enhanced.
3.11 Saved Policy NE12, Woodland, sets out that the creation, conservation, enhancement and positive management of woodland will be supported.
3.12 Saved Policy NE13, The Great Western Community Forest, covers much of the open land on the western edge of Swindon. This policy seeks to create a multi-purpose forest around Swindon with improved public access.
3.13 Saved Policy NE14 states that permission will not be granted for proposals that would result in the loss of trees, hedges, lakes/ponds or other important landscape or ecological features that could be successfully and appropriately incorporated into the design of a development.
3.14 Saved Policy NE15, The Landscape Character of the Countryside, states that locally distinctive characteristics shall be conserved and enhanced and development should not adversely affect the character of an area and its features. Development should take into account:
The setting and relationship between settlement, buildings and the landscape; The pattern of woodland, trees and field boundaries, other vegetation and features; the special qualities of watercourses; The topography of the area; The prepared landscape character assessment (White Consultants June 2004) is a supplementary planning document and development shall take it into account;
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 9
3.15 Saved Policy HE3 covers historic parks and gardens. Whilst the site lies outside of Lydiard Park (Grade II), the policy is of relevance insofar as it concerns the setting of historic parks and gardens. Table HE3 of the Local Plan identifies 5 registered parks within North Wiltshire but does not include Lydiard Park, presumably because the table refers to the 1987 register of historic parks, which at that time did not include the part of Lydiard Park which falls within North Wiltshire. It was only when Lydiard Park was reviewed in 2001 that the two fields immediately to the south and south-west of the site, which fall within North Wiltshire District, were included within the Registered Park.
3.16 Saved Policy T5 states that development affecting public rights of way, cycle and pedestrian routes will only be permitted where satisfactory provision, in terms of safety, attractiveness and convenience is made to retain or divert the existing or proposed route.
3.17 Saved Policy CF3 Provision of Open Space states that new housing development will be required to make provision for open space on site in accordance with the Council’s Open Space Study 2004.
Swindon Borough Local Plan 2026 (formerly known as the Swindon Borough Core Strategy and Development Management Policies)
3.18 Swindon Borough, which lies to the north, east and south of the site, and in which the majority of Lydiard Park sits, was formally adopted in March 2015. The Local Plan Strategic Objectives include:
3.19 Objective 10, Natural, Built and Historic Environment, aims to ensure that development respects, enhances and conserve the best of the built, historic and natural environment in the Borough. This is supported by Policy EN10; Historic Environmental & Historic Assets which states that development affecting heritage assets should conserve or enhance their significance and setting. It is also supported by Policy EN5: Landscape (Landscape Character and Historic Landscape). This states that proposals for development should demonstrate how they have taken into account Landscape Character assessments and assessed the potential impact of the proposal.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 10
4.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND VISIBILITY
4.1 The site is broadly rectangular in shape and is currently used for horse grazing, along with the adjoining fields. A triangular band of woodland lies to the north of the northern boundary, separating the pasture from Tewkesbury Way. There is an area of boggy ground at the western side of the field and an area of wet ground and standing water at the south east corner.
Vegetation and Boundary Conditions
4.2 The site is currently used as pasture and consists of semi-improved grassland with a predominance of buttercups and thistles.
4.3 The site is bound to the north by a dense mix of native broadleaved trees combining with the former boundary hedgerow to form a small triangular band of woodland. Species include blackthorn, hawthorn, field maple, ash, hazel, dogwood, alder, cherry and oak. There are a number of larger mature trees adjoining the pastur, predominantly oak and ash.
4.4 The western boundary consists of a predominantly hawthorn hedge which has become gappy along the northern section. The sections of hedgerow vary from 3m to 6m in height. Along this boundary, there are a number of distinctive mature oak trees, several with veteran tree characteristics. The gaps in the hedgerow have exposed the trunks of the trees and the ground is disturbed between them where horses have accessed the field to the west.
4.5 The southern boundary consists of a predominantly blackthorn hedgerow with trees of lesser stature than those of the western boundary. The hedgerow is untrimmed and suckering and is approximately 4m high. There are several sizeable gaps at the base of the hedge and where trees have died, where the ground is heavily disturbed by horses pushing through. There is footpath access via a larger gap in the western section of the hedge. The trees include goat willow, ash and young elm, with the willow and ash towards the west. At the south east corner, the vegetation is broken and the ground puddled, with standing water within the site, as well as a group of crack willow and an understorey of bramble and nettles.
4.6 The eastern boundary of the application site follows the public footpath, and the eastern boundary of the field which contains the site consists of several groups of substantial crack willow with heavy growth of ivy on the trunks and undergrowth of nettles and brambles. The northern section of this boundary runs parallel with a stream corridor, adjacent to Hay Lane, which is redirected via a culvert halfway along the boundary. Towards the centre of the boundary, there is a linear group of native species broadleaf trees including hawthorn, willow and alder. Beyond the boundary, a vehicle-free section of Hay Lane has a tarmac surface, approximately 1m higher than the ground level of the site.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 11
Landscape Quality
4.7 The landscape of the application site is generally representative of the pastoral fields to the west and south. The hedged boundaries echo those of adjoining fields and the surface quality is similarly degraded. The clayland pasture, hedge trees and mature boundary oaks are characteristics of the Upper Thames Clay Vales, as is the watercourse fringed with willow and poplar.
4.8 To the north and east are the urban edges of Swindon with built form evident on the rising ground beyond. This is consistent with the Urban Fringe Landscape Character Type and the Swindon Fringe Character Area, as is the degraded agricultural landscape, irregular field shape of medieval origin with gappy hedgerows.
4.9 The boundary vegetation and trees are considered to make a positive contribution to the local character area and there are several trees with veteran tree characteristics. However, the site is not the subject of a landscape designation and is outside of the historic parkland to the south. The close proximity of the urban fringe is an influence and landscape is therefore considered to be of medium quality.
Topography
4.10 The site slopes from a high point of between of 98 and 99m AOD at the south-west corner to a low point of 96m AOD at the north-east corner. To the east of the site the land rises from Hay Lane to The Prinnels and beyond. To the west, the ground rises to a north-east to south-west aligned ridge at approximately 106m AOD, before falling to the River Ray. The land then rises again to the village of Lydiard Millicent. To the north the land rises to Middleaze and beyond. To the south, the ground rises from 98m AOD at the southern site boundary to 100m AOD a short distance into the adjoining field before rising to 109m AOD by the estate fence to Lydiard Park driveway.
Visibility
4.11 An appraisal of the overall visibility of the site was undertaken and a series of photographs taken from public vantage points, rights of way and public highways. These representative viewpoints are illustrated on the site location plan at Appendix A and the aerial photograph at Appendix B, and photographs are contained in Appendix C. Particular attention was given to areas within the Registered Park, Listed buildings and setting of the church, and the public rights of way leading to them.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 12
4.12 The gently undulating landform within the area, coupled with the extent of the boundary vegetation and disposition of built development within Swindon, results in opportunities for views of the site being confined to a limited number of near and middle distance instances.
Near distance views
4.13 From the north, views from Tewkesbury Way are predominantly prevented by the dense vegetation separating the site from the highway. The foot and cycle path is further screened by being set to the north of the highway beyond a further area of vegetation. To the west, glimpsed views towards the site are available from a short section along the southern edge of the road where the hedgerow is missing (Photographs 14). Close to the junction of Tewkesbury Way and Hay Lane there are also glimpsed views towards the site (Photograph 12).
4.14 Approaching the site from Middleleaze Drive to the north, views of the site are obscured by boundary vegetation (Photographs 13).
4.15 From a number of properties at Gartons Road, within the residential development at Middleleaze, there are views from first floor windows over the application site. These views are limited due to the orientation of the buildings and intervening development. At ground level, views are obscured by the dense vegetation along the eastern site boundary.
4.16 Approaching from the south on Hay Lane along the eastern boundary, views of the site are obscured by dense vegetation along the lane. The vegetation becomes less dense at the south-east corner of the field, allowing views across the site beneath the tree canopy for a short section of the boundary. Approaching from the north, views are afforded across the site via the access gateway and a short section of boundary where there is little vegetation, however, this is constrained to a short section of the footway (Photographs 3 & 11).
4.17 Residential properties to the east of the site at The Prinnels are largely screened by distance, existing development and intervening vegetation or are orientated away from the application site. A number of properties on higher ground at Oliver Close have filtered views of the site. Dwellings at the northern end of Spencer Close have rear gardens backing on to Hay Lane. These properties have partial views of the site from first floor windows at the rear of the properties, however, views at ground level are obscured by garden boundary fencing and intervening vegetation (Photograph 3).
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 13
4.18 Views of the site from Lydiard Country Park are available from the lime avenue, which leads from Tregoze Way and from St Mary’s Church. The lime avenue driveway is orientated east to west, and views when looking northwards are partially screened by the lime avenue. From the eastern end of the driveway, adjacent to the junction of the public right of way, views of the site are prevented by the foreground landform and boundary vegetation. (Photographs 5, 6 & 8)
4.19 Views of the site from further into Lydiard Country Park, to the south of the church and adjoining the south face of the Lydiard House, are restricted by features within the pleasure gardens, landform and vegetation (Photograph 9).
4.20 Near distance views of the site are experienced from public rights of way to the west, south and those crossing the site. Outside of the site, these are filtered by vegetation and predominantly confined to gaps in the boundary hedges (Photographs 1, 2, 4, 5 & 10).
Middle distance views
4.21 Views of the site from Lydiard Millicent are largely prevented by the intervening topography and field boundary vegetation, although there are opportunities to glimpse the western site boundary. Similarly, opportunities to view the site from footpaths linking Swindon to Lydiard Millicent are largely prevented by the undulating landform and disposition of vegetation.
4.22 From four properties at Holborn, mid-way between the site and Lydiard Millicent, there are partial views of the western boundary of the site from first floor windows.
4.23 Views of the site from the public footpath (LMK70 & LTRE53) which links Lydiard Millicent to Lydiard Park are available from the section of the footpath which lies to the east of the woodland at Lydiard Park. In such views, the development at Middleleaze and the Prinnels is clearly visible in the middle distance.
4.24 South-east of the site, at the south east corner of the woodland at Park Copse, there are glimpsed views of the site from the footpath (LTRE35), filtered by boundary vegetation.
Long distance views
4.25 There are views towards Lydiard Park from the higher ground near Purton Common, approximately 3km to the north-west. The mature woodland within the park is visible from this vantage point, however, the application site is screened by the existing built form at Purton and by the dense band of broadleaf vegetation which runs along the adjoining ridge to the east.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 14
5.0 ABILITY OF THE SITE ACCOMMODATE DEVELOPMENT
5.1 The following section considers the proposed development and the landscape and visual effects which may arise as a result. This assessment has helped to inform the preparation of the Housing Layout Site Plan in Appendix E.
5.2 The proposals are for 48 new homes and associated open space and infrastructure works. The development will be accessed from the existing roundabout at Tewkesbury Way. The nature of the development is described in more detail in the Design and Access Statement which accompanies the planning application. The key development principles are outlined below:
A sustainable development of maximum 2 storeys, of high quality design, contained within the framework of existing field boundary hedgerows and mature trees; Vehicular access from Tewkesbury Way to be contained within open space and form an attractive gateway to the site; Existing public right of way to be retained with views to the church spire to the south retained; Amenity open space and surface water balancing within broad areas of public open space; and Footpath and cycle links to Hay Lane.
5.3 The following section considers the ability of the site to accommodate the proposed development as described above, in landscape terms, against a series of landscape criteria.
Landscape Principles
5.4 The key landscape principles of the development proposals are:
Mitigate the loss of the section of vegetation that needs to be removed along Tewkesbury Way to allow for the provision of safe access, through additional planting within the site; Broad areas of public open space and protected wildlife corridors to buffer visually sensitive areas and to retain and enhance habitats. Public right of way retained within open space with the setting enhanced by additional tree planting; and Southern access from footpaths within the Listed Parkland to be set within green open space and tree planting.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 15
Impact on Landscape Features
5.5 The proposed scheme seeks to retain the existing hedgerows and trees along the site boundaries. However a short section of hedgerow / woodland vegetation, at its narrowest point, would be lost to provide access to the site.
5.6 The limited loss of existing features can be mitigated by the introduction of new planting within the site and the inclusion of open space at the entranceway.
Relationship to the existing Urban Area
5.7 The site is located to the south and west of the urban edges of existing houses at Middleleaze and the Prinnels. Development on the site will thus be well related to the urban area of Swindon.
5.8 Lydiard Millicent lies to the north west of the application site, distanced beyond agricultural fields and a tributary of the River Ray. As the proposals do not extend settlement any further westwards than existing development at Middleleaze, this would not lead to any actual or perceived coalescence with Lydiard Millicent.
Relationship to the Listed Parkland
5.9 The application site lies immediately to the north of land within the Registered Park and the Listed features therein. The field immediately south of the site, within the Park, and the adjoining ones to the west, have estate railings along their southern boundaries adjoining the park drive and have a visual interaction with the park approach. These fields are contained along their northern boundaries by substantial vegetation, creating physical and visual containment.
5.10 The core grounds of the Registered Park predominantly lie to the south of the Lydiard House and St Mary’s church where they provide an ornamental setting for the buildings (Photographs 9 & 15-17).
5.11 The topography of the application site results in the ground here being at a lower level than the approach driveway and area around the park’s buildings. As the land rises more steeply to Lydiard Country Park, this serves to reinforce division between the application site and Lydiard Park.
Landscape Change and Effects
5.12 The site is not covered by any statutory or non-statutory designations for landscape character or quality and our overall assessment has found the site to be of medium sensitivity. It has a reasonable ability to accommodate
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 16
change due to the proximity of the urban edge to the north and east and its containment by existing boundary vegetation.
5.13 A short section of vegetation will require removal at its narrowest point to facilitate access. This will result in an open section along the northern boundary with Tewkesbury Way, creating a relationship with the existing junction of Middleleaze Drive.
5.14 The removal of vegetation can be mitigated by new planting within the site, in particular along the western and southern boundaries, which will reinforce a robust boundary between the development and the adjoining agricultural land and parkland.
5.15 The provision and enhancement of new landscape buffers will result in the strengthening of existing vegetation and habitats increasing the structure of the green infrastructure.
5.16 The land use will change from pasture to suburban housing, however, the initial landscape effects of the proposed development will diminish over time as the trees mature and the benefits of maintenance and enhancement of the existing vegetation become evident. As a result, residential development at the site will not appear discordant.
Visual Change and Effects
Near distance views
5.17 The new homes will be partially visible from the junction of Middleleaze Drive and Tewkesbury Way, via the proposed access road. These will be seen where there is currently no built form experienced. From the footway along Tewkesbury Way, views will be screened by foreground vegetation.
5.18 Views from first floor windows from properties at Garton Road will include partial views of the new homes, with built form now being seen in closer proximity, however still within the context of the Swindon urban edge beyond.
5.19 From Hay Lane, east of the site, the new homes will be experienced in the context of existing housing at Spencer Close. There will be partial views of additional built form, experienced against the backdrop of the existing residential built form at Middleleaze, from residential properties at the Prinnels.
5.20 From the lime avenue in Lydiard Country Park, there will be glimpsed views of housing within the site, albeit heavily filtered by existing and proposed vegetation and landscape buffers. The new homes will be seen as a small percentage of the built form within the overall view and will only be visible from a few places when looking south.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 17
5.21 There will be no change in the views towards the site from south of the St Mary’s Church and Lydiard House.
5.22 From the public right of way which crosses the site, the new housing will be seen, with a loss of openness to the west. Views of open ground to the east of the pathway will be retained, with the existing built form of the Prinnels beyond.
5.23 The new built form will be partially visible in closer proximity from the rights of way to the west and south of the site, above and between breaks in the boundary vegetation. These views will not be discordant with the existing views of housing and boundary vegetation currently experienced.
Middle distance views
5.24 The changes in views from Lydiard Millicent and properties at Holborn will be limited, due to the limited existing views and the proposed strengthening of the western boundary vegetation. At most, there will be glimpsed views of built form which will be heavily screened by vegetation, with the existing houses of Middleleaze and the Prinnels beyond.
5.25 South-east of the site, at the corner of Park Copse, there will, at most, be glimpsed views of the new built form, however these will be heavily screened by vegetation.
Impact on Listed Buildings and Heritage Assets
5.26 As discussed above, the new homes will be separated from the Listed Structures and Registered Parkland beyond, by pastoral fields that form part of Lydiard Park. The landscape of the park is mostly nineteenth-century in its present form, although incorporating some earlier elements. The house stands beside St. Mary’s Church as well as home farm and the kitchen garden, towards the northern edge of the park, and it is approached via an access drive from the east. The gateway to the church is accessed from this driveway and the main entrance for the house is to the south. A conference centre occupies part of home farm and the service areas of the house, with a large building located in close proximity here (Photograph 17).
5.27 A further access drive, leading to car parking and visitor facilities, lies to the south, accessed from Hook Street.
5.28 The layout of Lydiard Park is compartmentalised, with an extensive pleasure ground in the area to the south of the house, separated by woodland belts from the wider parkland. The pleasure grounds are the most visually appealing part of the landscape, form the setting for the historic house, and are managed as such. They comprise mown lawns with a variety of specimen trees including examples of lime, cedar and horse chestnut.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 18
5.29 Beyond this inner pleasure ground core, the outer landscape is managed differently with a more municipal feel to the south and south-west. These areas incorporate large car parks, play areas, playing fields, café and picnic tables. There is little of the historic fabric here, other than a scatter of nineteenth century oaks and a drive lined with later horse chestnuts and shrubs.
5.30 To the north, beyond the lime avenue, the land is different again, comprising open pasture.
5.31 The proposed housing on the application site would have no material impact on the setting of St Mary’s Church or Lydiard House, which are located 300 metres to the south and on ground approximately 12 meters higher. In addition, screening is provided by the hedgerow along the southern boundary of the site and proposed tree planting along this southern boundary. Further screening is provided by the avenue of limes alongside the access road to the church.
Impacts on Public Rights of Way
5.32 The new homes will be visible to the west from the footpath which crosses the site, with open ground remaining to the east. Views to the church spire will be retained.
5.33 From the rights of way to the west and south, the new development will be partially visible through gaps in the intervening vegetation. This will diminish as additional proposed planting matures.
Conformity to Landscape Policy
5.34 Development on the site in accordance with the layout and landscape principles (as set out in paragraph 5.4) will ensure the retention and enhancement of the majority of the existing hedgerows and distinctive pattern of trees. The historic field boundaries will be retained and broad landscape buffers planted with new trees, maintaining and increasing the wildlife corridors and green infrastructure links.
5.35 Views to the church spire will be retained and amenity public open space will be included along with pedestrian and cycle links to existing routes close to the site.
5.36 The setting of the historic parkland and buildings will be respected, with the southern site boundary being enhanced to create a robust boundary, with footpath access set within a wide landscape buffer.
5.37 The existing topography of the site will be retained, assisting in assimilating the built form into the existing urban edge and respecting the existing landscape character.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 19
6.0 CONCLUSION
6.1 The site is not covered by any statutory or non-statutory designations for landscape character or quality. It is well related to the existing urban edge and the proposals will not have a significant detrimental impact on the immediate setting of any adjoining areas, ensuring their amenity is appropriately observed.
6.2 The proposals seek to retain all significant landscape features around the periphery of the site, with only a short section of hedgerow along Tewkesbury Way requiring removal to allow for access. New landscaping is proposed, including new tree planting within landscape buffers along boundaries. This will increase the level of tree cover and assist in replenishing future tree stocks as veteran trees reach the later stages of life. Hedgerows are to be retained, enhanced and managed strengthening the boundaries with adjoining areas. As a result, the visual effect of the proposed development will diminish over time as the proposed planting matures.
6.3 There are a limited number of public vantage points, with limited opportunities for medium and long distance views of the site. Middle distance views will experience the proposed development in the context of the existing urban edge, with glimpses of built form, predominantly filtered by vegetation, seen in the fore-front of existing houses at Middleleaze and the Prinnels.
6.4 Near distance views are again filtered by existing and proposed vegetation and by landform. The new built form will be glimpsed against the backdrop of the existing development. The exception are views from the public right of way crossing the site where, when looking west, built form will be seen in close proximity where none currently exists.
6.5 Overall, it is considered that the site can be developed in the manner proposed, without giving rise to any significant landscape or visual effects.
Lydiard Tregoze Landscape Visual Assessment CSa/2326/02 P age 20
Appendix A
Site Location Plan
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MAGIC map with Heritage Information Legend Listed Buildings (England) Registered Parks and Gardens (England)
1
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Appendix E
Housing Layout Site Plan
Appendix F
Methodology and Summary of Landscape and Visual Effects CSa Methodology for Landscape and Visual Appraisals
M1 In landscape and visual appraisal, a distinction is normally drawn between landscape/townscape effects (i.e. effects on the character or quality of the landscape (or townscape), irrespective of whether there are any views of the landscape, or viewers to see them) and visual effects (i.e. effects on people’s views of the landscape, principally from residential properties, but also from public rights of way and other areas with public access). Thus, a development may have extensive landscape effects but few visual effects (if, for example, there are no properties or public viewpoints nearby), or few landscape effects but substantial visual effects (if, for example, the landscape is already degraded or the development is not out of character with it, but can clearly be seen from many residential properties and/or public areas).
M2 The assessment of landscape & visual effects is less amenable to scientific or statistical analysis than some environmental topics and inherently contains an element of subjectivity. However, the appraisal should still be undertaken in a logical, consistent and rigorous manner, based on experience and judgement, and any conclusions should be able to demonstrate a clear rationale. To this end, various guidelines have been published, the most relevant of which (for appraisals of the effects of a development, rather than of the character or quality of the landscape itself), form the basis of the assessment and are as follows:-
‘Guidelines for Landscape & Visual Impact Assessment’, produced jointly by the Institute of Environmental Assessment and the Landscape Institute (GLVIA 3rd edition 2013); and ‘Landscape Character Assessment, Guidance for England and Scotland, 2002’, to which reference is also made. This stresses the need for a holistic assessment of landscape character, including physical, biological and social factors.
LANDSCAPE/TOWNSCAPE EFFECTS
M3 Landscape/townscape quality is a subjective judgement based on the value and significance of a landscape/townscape. It will often be informed by national, regional or local designations made upon it in respect of its quality e.g. AONB. Sensitivity relates to the ability of that landscape/townscape to accommodate change.
Landscape sensitivity can vary with:-
(i) existing land use; (ii) the pattern and scale of the landscape; (iii) visual enclosure/openness of views, and distribution of visual receptors; (iv) the scope for mitigation, which would be in character with the existing landscape; and (v) the value placed on the landscape.
M4 There is a strong inter-relationship between landscape/townscape quality and sensitivity as high quality landscapes/townscapes usually have a low ability to accommodate change.
M5 For the purpose of our appraisal, landscape/townscape quality and sensitivity has been combined and is assessed using the criteria in Table LE1. Typically, landscapes/townscapes which carry a quality designation and which are otherwise attractive or unspoilt will in general be more sensitive, while those which are less attractive or already affected by significant visual detractors and disturbance will be generally less sensitive.
M6 The concept of landscape/townscape value is also considered, in order to avoid consideration only of how scenically attractive an area may be, and thus to avoid undervaluing areas of strong character but little scenic beauty. Landscape value is:
‘The relative value that is attached to different landscapes by society, bearing in mind that a landscape may be valued by different stakeholders for a whole variety of reasons.’ M7 Nationally valued landscapes are recognised by designation, such as National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (‘AONB’) which have particular planning policies applied to them. Nationally valued townscapes are typically those covered by a Conservation Area or similar designation.
M8 The magnitude of change is the scale, extent and duration of change to a landscape arising from the proposed development and was assessed using the criteria in Table LE2.
M9 Landscape/townscape effects were assessed in terms of the interaction between the magnitude of the change brought about by the development and the sensitivity of the landscape resource affected. The landscape/townscape effects can be either beneficial or adverse.
M10 In this way, landscapes of the highest sensitivity and quality, when subjected to a high magnitude of change from the proposed development, are likely to give rise to ‘substantial’ landscape effects which can be either adverse or beneficial. Conversely, landscapes of low sensitivity and quality, when subjected to a low magnitude of change from the proposed development, are likely to give rise to only ‘slight’ or neutral landscape effects. Beneficial landscape effects may arise from such things as the creation of new landscape features, changes to management practices and improved public access.
VISUAL EFFECTS
M11 Visual effects are concerned with people’s views of the landscape/townscape and the change that will occur. Like landscape effects, viewers or receptors are categorised by their sensitivity. For example, views from private dwellings are generally of a higher sensitivity than those from places of work. M12 In describing the content of a view the following terms are used:- No view - no views of the development; Glimpse - a fleeting or distant view of the development, often in the context of wider views of the landscape; Partial - a clear view of part of the development only; Filtered - views to the development which are partially screened, usually by intervening vegetation - the degree of filtering may change with the seasons; Open - a clear view to the development.
M13 The sensitivity of the receptor was assessed using the criteria in Table VE1.
M14 The magnitude of change is the degree in which the view(s) may be altered as a result of the proposed development and will generally decrease with distance from its source, until a point is reached where there is no discernible change. The magnitude of change in regard to the views was assessed using the criteria in Table VE2.
M15 Visual effects were then assessed in terms of the interaction between the magnitude of the change brought about by the development and also the sensitivity of the visual receptor affected.
M16 Photographs were taken with a digital camera with a lens that approximates to 50mm, to give a similar depth of view to the human eye. In some cases images have been joined together to form a panorama. The prevailing weather and atmospheric conditions, and any effects on visibility are noted.
Mitigation & Residual Effects
M17 Mitigation measures are described as those measures, including any process or activity, designed to avoid, reduce and compensate for adverse landscape and/or visual effects of the proposed development. M18 In situations where proposed mitigation measures are likely to change over time, as with planting to screen a development, it is important to make a distinction between any likely effects that will arise in the short-time and those that will occur in the long-term or ‘residual effects’ once mitigation measures have established. In this assessment, the visual effects of the development have been considered at completion of the entire project and once any landscape mitigation has had an opportunity to establish.
M19 Mitigation measures can have a residual, positive impact on the effects arising from a development, whereas the short-term impact may be adverse.
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS
M20 The appraisal concisely considers and describes the main landscape and visual effects resulting from the proposed development. The narrative text demonstrates the reasoning behind judgements concerning the landscape and visual effects of the proposals. Where appropriate the text is supported by tables which summarise the sensitivity of the views/ landscape, the magnitude of change and describe any resulting effects.
CUMULATIVE EFFECTS
M21 Cumulative effects are ‘the additional changes caused by a proposed development in conjunction with other similar developments or as the combined effect of a set of developments, taken together.’
M22 In carrying out landscape appraisal it is for the author to form a judgement on whether or not it is necessary to consider any planned developments and to form a judgement on how these could potentially affect a project.
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LANDSCAPE/TOWNSCAPE EFFECTS Direct effects Quality & Magnitude on landscape Sensitivity Existing Conditions Impact and Mitigation Effect of Change features Hedgerows High Established hedgerows on the boundaries are of Loss of a small section of hedge to facilitate access Low Slight varied structure. The northern and southern will create a break in the boundary. New adverse boundary hedgerows are species rich. The eastern hedgerow planting can be undertaken as part of boundary hedgerow is not species rich but along the landscape strategy for the site. Hedgerows with northern & southern hedgerows are important will be maintained and enhanced with gaps for nature conservation value. The southern and infilled. western boundary hedge are tall with some gaps. The northern boundary hedgerow merges in with the wooded vegetation beyond. The eastern field boundary does not have a significant hedge. The western boundary is gappy & not species rich and not classed as important. Trees High There are no trees within the main body of the site. Trees will be predominantly retained, maintained Negligible Slight There are some distinctive mature and veteran trees and could be reinforced by additional native Beneficial along the western boundary in good condition. species tree planting. The trees located adjacent Trees on other boundaries are of lesser condition to and within the site boundaries will be but valuable character, screening and wildlife protected throughout the duration of the resource. construction works. Provision of additional trees within landscape buffers, areas of proposed open space and hedgerows will increase stock and species diversity. Native species selected to replace loss of veteran trees and other trees due to age or disease. Additional tree planting could be included alongside the PROW Water Courses Medium The minor water course to the east of the site is The watercourse lies outside the site boundary Neutral Slight partially overgrown and muddied by livestock. It is and will not be directly impacted. Beneficial culverted part way down the eastern field boundary A new SuDS pond will be added within open space in the site adjacent to the access road. The Site, i.e. Medium The scheme will result in the partial loss of an The partial loss of an open field will in part be High Moderate pastoral undistinguished pastoral field and conversion in to mitigated by areas of new landscaping and Adverse farmland suburban development. landscape enhancements. New landscape buffers will form more varied habitat than the open pasture. The remaining portion of the field will remain as open space. The built form is not out of keeping with that to the east and north Public Rights of High 1 PROW crossing the site; others to the south and The setting of footpaths to the south and west will Medium Moderate Way west all set within pastoral farmland over uneven remain unchanged. The setting of the footpath Adverse and damaged ground with muddied access crossing the site will be changed as it will by-pass gateways. built form along one side. This could be mitigated by tree planting to filter views. The proposals will include enhanced links to adjoining footpaths and cycle way through areas of public open space Heritage assets High Registered Parkland, Listed house, church, Proposed development is approximately 12m Negligible Neutral structures and artefacts situated to the south of the lower level than the Park access drive & 300m site beyond an intervening pastoral field. distant. The development is outside of the setting of the listed buildings, and experienced in the context of existing similar buildings to the north and east, and filtered by boundary vegetation and mature trees. Strengthened boundary vegetation will form a robust boundary to the parkland Indirect effects Magnitude on landscape Existing Conditions Impact and Mitigation Effect of Change character Neighbouring Medium Urban fringe to the north and east, set within an The introduction of an access road from Low Neutral area undulating vegetated landscape. Tewkesbury Way will change the relationship of Middleleaze Drive with the development site. This will not be out of character with neighbouring areas and road junctions. This will be mitigated by the inclusion of landscaped open space at the access. Landscape Value Medium Grade 3b agricultural land with public access and The public access will be retained and areas of Low Slight value open space enhanced with landscape planting and adverse amenity facilities Cumulative No known proposed developments to take into impacts account
VISUAL EFFECTS Magnitude of Viewpoint Sensitivity Existing Conditions Proposals and mitigation Visual Effect Change 1. Views from High From viewpoint 1 the site is screened Housing is proposed beyond boundary Negligible Insignificant Public Right of by the southern boundary vegetation. hedge set back behind a landscape buffer. Way adjacent There are views to the Prinnels beyond Retention and strengthening of the to south west Hay Lane & St Mary’s Church tower. hedgerow along the site boundary and tree corner of planting will further strengthen screening. application site 2. Views from High From viewpoint 2, access to the site, Housing within western portion of the site Medium Substantial adverse Public Rights of views are afforded across the entire will obscure views of feature trees. Open (looking west). Way adjacent site when the head is turned. space retained on eastern side of field with Reducing as planting to southern views to the Prinnels and views of new matures boundary at access road. Potential new trees along the Slight adverse (looking access to footpath and landscape buffer will filter east) Reducing as application site views and provide an appropriate setting planting matures for the development. Intermittent views from Hay Lane, Housing will replace open space at the far Low Moderate/Slight 3. View from Medium through gaps in vegetation along side of the site where no buildings adverse. Reducing as Hay Lane stream corridor. currently seen. Open space retained in the planting matures. foreground. New tree planting & hedgerow enhancement will filter & screen views. Glimpses of the site above and Strengthening of planting on the southern Negligible Moderate adverse, 4 & 5. Public High through gaps in the boundary boundary will filter views of new housing reducing to slight as rights of way vegetation form a small proportion of beyond, which will form a small proportion planting matures south of Site the view. of the view. The Prinnels and Middleleaze are visible beyond. Glimpsed views of site as a sliver of Some views of the proposed housing will Low Moderate adverse 6 & 7 and 10. High land forming minor percentage of the be seen – predominantly rooftops - reducing as buffer and Footpaths to view in the midground. strongly filtered by vegetation, and seen hedgerow planting south and west within the context of existing development matures of site within and vegetation beyond. Lydiard Park.
Site is screened by landform and No views and no mitigation required. Neutral Neutral 8. Footpath High vegetation. junction with driveway to Lydiard Park No views of the site from Pleasure No change. Neutral Neutral 9. From south High gardens. of Lydiard House and St. Mary’s Church
12. Junction of High Views southwards across site to Built form would be discernible on the Low Moderate adverse Hay Lane/ church tower and lime avenue on west of the site. New tree planting could reducing as tree Tewkesbury higher ground in the mid distance. be incorporated along the PROW. Views planting matures Way & site will be retained to the south and the access gateway church tower. Open space in the east will PROW. be visible. 13 & 14. From Medium/Low Dense boundary vegetation Removal of section of vegetation to Low Slight adverse Tewkesbury completely screens views into the facilitate access will allow framed views of Way and open portion of the site. new homes. Will be mitigated by Middleleaze landscaped open space around access Drive north of road. the site Residential views 11. Properties High Views of the site are mainly from first There will be some views of development Low Insignificant adverse at The Prinnells floor windows, oblique and distanced on the site in the distance with open space backing onto by rear gardens and Hay Lane. and landscape buffer in the east. Hay Lane Boundary vegetation filters views.