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Smoke Signals Smoke

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Smoke Signals Smoke Volume 11 , Issue 9 September, 2013 Chief’s Corner John Bales, Fire Chief NFIRS: What You Report Matters Speak with data…” is a saying in research and engineering that reinforces the need for data to support any position, conclusion or recommendation. Clearly, “ substantiating data is essential to making a case for financial support, policy changes and code and legislative changes, changes that are an ongoing concern for the fire service in our quest for a safer community. The National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) program has been the key fire service data collection mechanism for nearly 40 years. The genesis of the reporting system was the publication of America Burning report produced by the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control in 1973. This report provided the cata- lyst for Public Law 93-498, the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974. In turn, that law led to the establishment of the U.S. Fire Administration and the Na- tional Fire Academy. During some of my graduate work, I did a paper on this law and found the roots and beginnings dating back to the Kennedy Administration. The American Burning transmittal letter and introduction included a number of critical, forward looking statements about data being a vehicle for change: The Commission worked in a field where statistics are meager. In other words, we knew we had a problem, but we had no tools to analyze it. Develop a comprehensive national fire data system, which will help es- NT tablish priorities for research and action. If these efforts are carried out, we predict a 5% reduction in fire losses annually until the Nation’s losses have been halved in about 14 years. The recommendations emphasize prevention of fire through implementa- tion of local programs. Over its almost 40 year history, the data collected through NFIRS has resulted in re- markable improvements to fire safety, achieving the goal of cutting the nation’s fire losses in half. But there is so much more to learn; every fire has a story to tell. It is vital to include every bit of that story in a central database that can be searched for information and statistics critical to preventing the next fire, helping occupants deal with a fire or helping the fire service to possess the proper tools for dealing with a fire. Today more than ever, the NFIRS database is utilized by many agencies and researchers to explore opportunities for enhancing fire protection. Unfortunately, (Continued on page 2) GOLDEN FIRE DEPARTME Smoke Signals (Continued from page 1) the search for data can often be frustrating because the forms are incomplete or contain bad data. Perhaps the individual completing the report hasn’t been properly trained or the task is assigned to the low man on the to- tem pole. Another reason often sited is change appears to happen painfully slowly and it’s not worth the ef- fort. Regardless of the reason, the fire service and the people we’re sworn to protect are the big losers. Proper and complete completion of the NFIRS form is vital to the mission and is the key to working for a fire safe Amer- ica. As a Golden Firefighter or Officer, an important part of your job is to enhance fire safety, and this means on- going improvement. Changes are made based on data. I would ask that every officer, firefighter, and staff member who complete NFIRS to help make the fire service and those we serve safer by stressing the impor- tance of properly completing the NFIRS report and spend the time to train the new guy how to do it correctly. We have a great reporting system that we have been using for over one year, but it is only as good as the data we put into each and every report. This data is vital for a safer tomorrow. Birthdays & Anniversaries Anniversaries 6 Years Jason Flickner 08/07/2007 22 Years Daniel Glynn 08/07/2007 Craig Weimer 08/06/1991 John O’Connor 08/07/2007 18 Years 3 Year Doug Holschbach 08/01/1995 Kent McCreary 08/23/2010 13 Years Tina Gustafson 08/01/2000 Birthdays Gerard Lutz 08/01/2000 Tina Gustafson 08/13 11 Years Steven Parker 08/02 Steve Oliveri 08/06/2002 Mason Prince 08/18 8 Years Ryan Smith 08/17 Ryan Smith 08/02/2005 Joseph Vogel 08/09 Trevor Williamson 08/02/2005 Page 2 SMOKE SIGNALS Other Chiefs Corner Rocco Snart, Assistant Chief Lessons Learned ugust 5 marked the 64 years since the Mann The United States Forest Service drew lessons from Gulch Fire. The story of Young Men and Fire the tragedy of the Mann Gulch fire by designing new A will remain timeless until we learn and apply training techniques and safety measures that devel- the lessons of such recurring tragedies. Below is a oped how the agency approached wildfire suppression. tribute video of the Mann Gulch Fire as well as a full The agency also increased emphasis on fire research length story of what happened. and the science of fire behavior. Cold Missouri Waters - Cry Cry Cry University of Chicago English professor and author Norman Maclean (1902–1990) researched the fire and its behavior for his book, Young Men and Fire (1992) The Mann Gulch fire was a wildfire reported on Au- which was published after his death. Maclean, who gust 5, 1949 in a gulch located along the upper Mis- worked in northwestern Montana in logging camps souri River in the Gates of the Mountains Wilderness, and for the forest service in his youth, recounted the Helena National Forest, Montana. A team of 15 events of the fire and ensuing tragedy and undertook a smokejumpers parachuted into the area on the after- detailed investigation of the fire's causes. Young Men noon of August 5, 1949 to fight the fire, rendezvous- and Fire won the National Book Critics Circle Award ing with a former smokejumper who was employed as for non-fiction in 1992. The 1952 film, Red Skies of a fire guard at the nearby campground. As the team Montana starring actor Richard Widmark and directed approached the fire to begin fighting it, unexpected by Joseph M. Newman was loosely based on the high winds caused the fire to suddenly expand, cutting events of the Mann Gulch fire off the men's route and forcing them back uphill. Dur- ing the next few minutes, a "blow-up" of the fire cov- ered 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) in ten minutes, claiming The location of the Mann Gulch fire was included as a the lives of 13 firefighters, including 12 of the smoke- historical district on the United States National Regis- jumpers. Three of the smokejumpers survived. The ter of Historic Places on May 19, 1999. fire would continue for five more days before being controlled. (Continued on page 4) Page 3 SMOKE SIGNALS (Continued from page 3) to the supply area, where the two stopped to eat before returning for the all night work of fighting the fire. Sequence of events While there Dodge noticed the smoke along the fire The fire started when lightning struck the south side front boiling up, indicating an intensification of the of Mann Gulch, in an area named by Lewis and Clark heat of the fire. He and Harrison headed down the in the Gates of the Mountains Wilderness. The fire gulch to catch up with the crew. was spotted by a forest ranger around noon on August 5, 1949. James O. Harrison, the recreation and fire prevention guard for Meriwether Canyon Camp- The "Blow Up" ground, had given up his former job as a smokejumper By the time Dodge reached his men, the fire at the to find a less dangerous profession. On this day, how- bottom of the gulch was already jumping from the ever, he fought the fire on his own for four hours be- high south slope of Mann Gulch to the bottom of the fore he met the crew of smokejumpers who had been north side of the gulch. As the fire jumped across to dispatched from Hale Field, Missoula, Montana, in a the bottom of the north slope the intense heat of the C-47. fire combined with wind coming off the river and pushed the flames up gulch into the fast burning north slope grass, causing what fire fighters call a "blow It was hot, with a temperature of 97 °F, and the fire up". The crew could not see the bottom of the gulch, danger rating was high, rated 74 out of a possible 100. the various side ridges running down the slope obscur- Wind conditions that day were turbulent. One smoke- ing their view, and they initially continued down the jumper got sick on the way and did not jump, return- side of the ridge. When Dodge finally got a glimpse of ing with the airplane to Hale Field. Getting off the what was happening below, he turned the men around plane he resigned from the smokejumpers. In all, 15 and started them angling back up the side of the ridge. smokejumpers parachuted into the fire. Their radio Within a couple hundred yards he ordered the men to was destroyed during the jump, after its parachute drop packs and heavy tools (Pulaskis, shovels and failed to open, while other gear and individual jumpers crosscut saws): were scattered widely due to the conditions. After the smokejumpers had landed a shout was heard coming from the front of the fire. Foreman Wagner Dodge Dodge's order was to throw away just their packs went ahead to find the person shouting and to scout and heavy tools, but to his surprise some of them had the fire.
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