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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
Following the Science
November 2020 Following the Science: A systematic literature review of studies surrounding singing and brass, woodwind and bagpipe playing during the COVID-19 pandemic Authors: John Wallace, Lio Moscardini, Andrew Rae and Alan Watson Music Education MEPGScotland Partnership Group MEPGScotland.org @MusicEducation10 Table of Contents Overview 1 Introduction Research Questions Research Method 2 Systematic Review Consistency Checklist Results 5 Thematic Categories Discussion 7 Breathing Singing Brass playing Woodwind playing Bagpipes Summary Conclusions 14 Recommended measures to mitigate risk 15 Research Team 17 Appendix 18 Matrix of identified papers References 39 Overview Introduction The current COVID-19 situation has resulted in widespread concern and considerable uncertainty relating to the position of musical performance and in particular potential risks associated with singing and brass, woodwind and bagpipe playing. There is a wide range of advice and guidance available but it is important that any guidance given should be evidence- based and the sources of this evidence should be known. The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic literature review in order to gather historical as well as the most current and relevant information which could provide evidence-based guidance for performance practice. This literature was analysed in order to determine the evidence of risk attached to singing and brass , woodwind and bagpipe playing, in relation to the spread of airborne pathogens such as COVID-19, through droplets and aerosol. -
Playing Music for Morris Dancing
Playing Music for Morris Dancing Jeff Bigler Last updated: June 28, 2009 This document was featured in the December 2008 issue of the American Morris Newsletter. Copyright c 2008–2009 Jeff Bigler. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. This document may be downloaded via the internet from the address: http://www.jeffbigler.org/morris-music.pdf Contents Morris Music: A Brief History 1 Stepping into the Role of Morris Musician 2 Instruments 2 Percussion....................................... 3 What the Dancers Need 4 How the Dancers Respond 4 Tempo 5 StayingWiththeDancers .............................. 6 CuesthatAffectTempo ............................... 7 WhentheDancersareRushing . .. .. 7 WhentheDancersareDragging. 8 Transitions 9 Sticking 10 Style 10 Border......................................... 10 Cotswold ....................................... 11 Capers......................................... 11 Accents ........................................ 12 Modifying Tunes 12 Simplifications 13 Practices 14 Performances 15 Etiquette 16 Conclusions 17 Acknowledgements 17 Playing Music for Morris Dancing Jeff Bigler Morris Music: A Brief History Morris dancing is a form of English street performance folk dance. Morris dancing is always (or almost always) performed with live music. This means that musicians are an essential part of any morris team. If you are reading this document, it is probably because you are a musician (or potential musician) for a morris dance team. Good morris musicians are not always easy to find. In the words of Jinky Wells (1868– 1953), the great Bampton dancer and fiddler: . [My grandfather, George Wells] never had no trouble to get the dancers but the trouble was sixty, seventy years ago to get the piper or the fiddler—the musician. -
The Secret of the Bagpipes: Controlling the Bag. Techniques, Skill and Musicality
CASSANDRE BALOSSO-BARDIN,a AUGUSTIN ERNOULT,b PATRICIO DE LA CUADRA,c BENOÎT FABRE,b AND ILYA FRANCIOSIb The Secret of the Bagpipes: Controlling the Bag. Techniques, Skill and Musicality. hen interviewed about the technique as the Greek tsampouna or the Tunisian mizwid) to of the bag, bagpipe maker and award- a fully chromatic scale over two octaves (the uilleann winning Galician piper Cristobal Prieto pipes from Ireland and some Northumbrian small- Wsaid that. ‘the handling of the bag is one of the most pipes chanters). Bagpipes in their simplest form are important things. The secret of the bagpipes is how composed of a bag with a blowpipe and a melodic one uses the bag […] You need a lot of coordination: pipe (hereafter referred to as the chanter).2 Other blowing, fingers […] it depends on the arm, the pipes can then be added such as a second melodic pressure of the air. The [finger] technique is much pipe, semi-melodic pipes or drones.3 The blowpipe simpler. Everyone blows all over the place when they is usually, but not always, fitted with a small valve start to play. It’s like a car: you have to think how you in order to prevent the air from leaving the bag. In are going to do all of this at the same time. The use models without this system, the piper uses his/her of the bag is the most important aspect, even more tongue to prevent the air from escaping whilst s/he than the fingers, [or] velocity’.1 breathes in. -
Woodwind Family
Woodwind Family What makes an instrument part of the Woodwind Family? • Woodwind instruments are instruments that make sound by blowing air over: • open hole • internal hole • single reeds • double reed • free reeds Some woodwind instruments that have open and internal holes: • Bansuri • Daegeum • Fife • Flute • Hun • Koudi • Native American Flute • Ocarina • Panpipes • Piccolo • Recorder • Xun Some woodwind instruments that have: single reeds free reeds • Clarinet • Hornpipe • Accordion • Octavin • Pibgorn • Harmonica • Saxophone • Zhaleika • Khene • Sho Some woodwind instruments that have double reeds: • Bagpipes • Bassoon • Contrabassoon • Crumhorn • English Horn • Oboe • Piri • Rhaita • Sarrusaphone • Shawm • Taepyeongso • Tromboon • Zurla Assignment: Watch: Mr. Gendreau’s woodwind lesson How a flute is made How bagpipes are made How a bassoon reed is made *Find materials in your house that you (with your parent’s/guardian’s permission) can use to make a woodwind (i.e. water bottle, straw and cup of water, piece of paper, etc). *Find some other materials that you (with your parent’s/guardian’s permission) you can make a different woodwind instrument. *What can you do to change the sound of each? *How does the length of the straw effect the sound it makes? *How does the amount of water effect the sound? When you’re done, click here for your “ticket out the door”. Some optional videos for fun: • Young woman plays music from “Mario” on the Sho • Young boy on saxophone • 9 year old girl plays the flute. -
Winter 2017 AR
Published by the American Recorder Society, Vol. LVIII, No. 4 • www.americanrecorder.org winter 2017 Editor’s ______Note ______ ______ ______ ______ Volume LVIII, Number 4 Winter 2017 Features love a good mystery, and read with interest David Lasocki’s article excerpted Juan I and his Flahutes: What really happened fromI his upcoming book—this piece seek- in Medieval Aragón? . 16 recorder in Medieval ing answers about the Aragón By David Lasocki (page 16). While the question of what happened may never be definitively Departments answered, this historical analysis gives us possibilities (and it’s fortunate that research Advertiser Index . 32 was completed before the risks increased even more for travel in modern Catalonia). Compact Disc Reviews . 9 Compact Disc Reviews give us a Two sets of quintets: Seldom Sene and means to hear Spanish music from slightly later, played by Seldom Sene, plus we Flanders Recorder Quartet with Saskia Coolen can enjoy a penultimate CD in the long Education . 13 Flanders Recorder Quar tet collaboration Aldo Abreu is impressed with the proficiency of (page 9). In Music Reviews, there is music to play that is connected to Aragón and to young recorder players in Taiwan others mentioned in this issue (page 26). Numerous studies tout the benefits to Music Reviews. 26 a mature person who plays music, but now Baroque works, plus others by Fulvio Caldini there is a study that outlines measurable benefits for the listener, as well (page 6). As I President’s Message . 3 write these words, it’s Hospice and Palliative ARS President David Podeschi on the Care Month. -
Handbook - Residence - 2019-20
STUDENT SERVICES MISSION 1 WELCOME TO GREBEL A warm welcome to all who have decided to make Grebel their University of Waterloo ‘home’ for the next term or two or three! All of us – faculty, staff and administrators are thrilled to have you a part of this intentional community where we strive to create a residential experience that fosters: Opportunities for students to explore and engage with Christian faith, practice, history, and values particularly as they are understood in the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition; Opportunities for students to engage in the ‘dialogue of life’ with people who have diverse world views and faith expressions; The exploration of life-meaning and value questions leading to action; Intellectually stimulating conversations that integrate textbook, classroom and life experiences; A respectful and enjoyable living environment that enables students to study, learn and grow to their full potential; Community practises such as: o Honesty and openness in personal relationships o Respectful interactions with all o Interaction and dialogue between students, faculty and staff o Interdependence of people and enduring friendships o Leadership development o The resolution of conflict through reconciliation and group counsel. Grebel is an affirming community and believes all people deserve to be treated with respect. We are guided by the Ontario Human Rights Code which states, “Every person has a right to equal treatment… without discrimination because of 2 race, ancestry, place of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, marital status, family status or disability. (excerpt from Ontario Human Rights Code https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h19). -
Corrina Hewat Reviews
Corrina Hewat | reviews | My Favourite Place Footstompin Music FSR1719 (2003) After 10 years as a full-time musician, and having already appeared on albums by some 20 different artists and groups, Scottish harpist and singer Corrina Hewat hasn't exactly rushed into releasing her debut solo CD but she's not been idle, either, emerging as a performer, composer, arranger and tutor of equal note, with a touring schedule that's taken her across three continents. She's also been a key figure in several landmark Scottish ventures of recent years, including the 2002 Scottish Women tour, Linn Record’s Complete Works of Robert Burns series, and the 31-strong Unusual Suspects concert at this year's Celtic Connections festival. The central trait unifying Hewat's multiple gifts is her fondness and facility for exploring interfaces -- chiefly between folk and jazz, but also in among blues, soul and classical influences. All this breadth of experience and style finds marvellously concentrated yet spacious expression on My Favourite Place complemented by David Milligan on piano, percussionist Donald Hay, and Karine Polwart's backing harmonies. On the vocal front, tracks range from a bold, spiky updating of Sheath And Knife to an understated take on the jazz standard When I Dream. Hewat's own compositions -- such as the brilliantly wayward Traffic and the soulful, title track -- feature prominently among the tunes, together with a handful of beautifully wrought traditional numbers. Sue Wilson The Sunday Herald As soon as I started to listen to Corrina’s beautiful debut solo CD – a delicious, mellow, richly satisfying fusion of jazz/roots/blues styles (pure magic to a person of my musical tastes!), I was immediately transported to my very own ‘favourite place’. -
The Devolution of the Shepherd Trumpet and Its Seminal
Special Supplement to the International Trumpet Guild ® Journal to promote communications among trumpet players around the world and to improve the artistic level of performance, teaching, and literature associated with the trumpet ADDEN DUM TO “THE DEVOLUTI ON OF THE SHEPHERD TRUMPET AND ITS SEMINAL IMP ORTANCE IN MUSIC HISTORY” BY AINDRIAS HIRT January 2015 • Revision 2 The International Trumpet Guild ® (ITG) is the copyright owner of all data contained in this file. ITG gives the individual end-user the right to: • Download and retain an electronic copy of this file on a single workstation that you own • Transmit an unaltered copy of this file to any single individual end-user, so long as no fee, whether direct or indirect is charged • Print a single copy of pages of this file • Quote fair use passages of this file in not-for-profit research papers as long as the ITGJ, date, and page number are cited as the source. The International Trumpet Guild ® prohibits the following without prior writ ten permission: • Duplication or distribution of this file, the data contained herein, or printed copies made from this file for profit or for a charge, whether direct or indirect • Transmission of this file or the data contained herein to more than one individual end-user • Distribution of this file or the data contained herein in any form to more than one end user (as in the form of a chain letter) • Printing or distribution of more than a single copy of the pages of this file • Alteration of this file or the data contained herein • Placement of this file on any web site, server, or any other database or device that allows for the accessing or copying of this file or the data contained herein by any third party, including such a device intended to be used wholly within an institution. -
Dance and Teachers of Dance in Eighteenth-Century Bath
DANCE AND TEACHERS OF DANCE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BATH Trevor Fawcett Compared with the instructor in music, drawing, languages, or any other fashionable accomplishment, the dancing master (and, in time, his female counterpart) enjoyed an oddly ambiguous status in 18th-century society. Seldom of genteel birth himself, and by education and fortune scarcely fit to rank even with the physician or the clergyman, he found himself the acknowledged expert and authority in those very social graces that were sup posedly the mark and birthright of the polite world alone. Ostensibly he taught dance technique: the execution of the minuet and formal dances, the English country dances in all their variants, the modish cotillion, and the late-century favourites - the Scottish and Irish steps. But while for his pupils a mastery of these skills was indeed a necessary prelude to the ballroom, the fundamental importance of a dancing master lay in the coaching he provided in etiquette, in deportment, and in the cultivation of that air of relaxed assurance so much admired by contemporaries. There was general agreement with John Locke's view that what counted most in dancing was not learning the figures and 'the jigging part' but acquiring an apparent total naturalness, freedom and ease in bodily movement. Clumsiness equated with boorish ness, vulgarity, rusticity, bad manners, bad taste. On several occasions the influential, taste-forming Spectator saw fit to remind its readers about the value of dancing, 'at least, as belongs to the Behaviour and an handsom Carriage of the Body'. Graceful manners and agreeable address ranked among the most reliable indicators of good breeding, and it was 'the proper Business of a Dancing-Master to regulate these Matters' .1 In theory, it might have been argued, only the more humbly born social aspirants 28 TREVOR FAWCETT ought to have needed the services of 'those great polishers of our manners', the dancing masters. -
The Pipe and Tabor
The magazine of THE COUN1RY DANCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA Calendar of Events EDI'roR THE May Gadd April 4 - 6, 1963 28th ANNUAL MOUNTAIN FOLPt: FESTIVAL, Berea, Ky. ASSOCIATE EDI'roR :tV'.ia.y 4 C.D.s. SffiiNJ FESTIVAL, Hunter College, counTRY A.C. King New York City. DAnCER CONTRIBUTING EDI'roRS l'ia.Y 17 - 19 C.D.S. SPROO DANCE WEEKEND, Hudson Lee Haring }~rcia Kerwit Guild Farm, Andover, N.J. Diana Lockard J .Donnell Tilghman June 28 - July 1 BOSTON C.D.S.CENI'RE DAM::E WEEKEND Evelyn K. \'/ells Roberta Yerkes at PINEWOODS, Buzzards Bay, Masa. ART .EDI'roR NATIONAL C.D.S. P:niDIOOJlS CAMP Genevieve Shimer August 4 - 11 CHAMBER MUSIC WEEK) Buzzards August 11 - 25 'lWO DANCE WEEKS ) Bay, THE COUNTRY DANC:lli is published twice a year. Subscription August 25 - Sept.l FOLK MUSIC WEEK ) Hass. is by membership in the Country Dance Society of America (annual dues $5,educational institutions and libraries $3) marriages Inquiries and subscriptions should be sent to the Secretary Country Dance Society of America, 55 Christopher St. ,N.Y .1.4 COMBS-ROGERS: On December 22, 1962, in Pine Mountain,Ky., Tel: ALgonquin 5-8895 Bonnie Combs to Chris Rogers • DAVIS-HODGKIN: On January 12, 196.3, in Germantown, Pa., Copyright 1963 by the Count17 Dance Society Inc. Elizabeth Davis to John P. Hodgkin. CORNWELL-HARING: On January 19, 196.3, in New York City, Table of Contents Margery R. Cornwell to Lee Haring. Page Births CalPndar of Events • • • • • • • • 3 AVISON: To Lois and Richard Avison of Chapleau,Ont., Marriages and Births • • • • • • • .3 on August 7, 1962, a daughter, SHANNON. -
History of the Bagpipe There Is No Instrument That Brings As Much Gravitas and Solemnity to a Remembrance Day Ceremony As the Bagpipe
Arbourside Court Newsletter November 2016 The Arby The official News of Arbourside Court History of the Bagpipe There is no instrument that brings as much gravitas and solemnity to a Remembrance Day ceremony as the bagpipe. Although it is an instrument that we most closely associ- ate with the British Isles, it is of ancient origin that has become the symbol of war and its casualties. The evidence for pre-Roman era bagpipes is still uncertain but several textual and visual clues have been suggested. The Oxford History of Music says that a sculpture of bagpipes has been found on a Hittite slab at Euyuk in the Middle East, dated to 1000 BC. Several authors identify the Ancient Greek askaulos (askos – wine-skin, aulos – reed pipe) with the bagpipe. 1st Century writing records that a roman emperor, possibly Nero, could play a pipe (tibia, Roman reedpipes similar to Greek and Etruscan instruments) with his mouth as well as by tucking a bladder be- neath his armpit. Spread and development in Europe In the early part of the second millennium, bagpipes or its close cousins began to appear more frequently in artworks. The Cantigas de Santa Maria, written in Castile in the mid-13th centu- ry, depicts several types of bagpipes.Though evidence of bagpipes in the British Isles prior to the 14th century is contested, bagpipes are explicitly mentioned in The Canterbury Tales (written around 1380): A baggepype wel coude he blowe and sowne, /And ther-with-al he broghte us out of towne. Actual examples of bagpipes from before the 18th century are extremely rare; however, a sub- stantial number of paintings, carvings, engravings, manuscript illuminations, and so on survive.