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A R iver Avon A4104 A3 8 9 Randwick cheese rolling and Randwick Wap Dover’s Games and Scuttlebrook Wake, Chipping 2 A about!’ and they routed the 8 Chipping 4 A JANUARY 4 A 43 First Sunday and second Saturday in May Campden – Friday and Saturday after Spring Bank 1 4 Camden French in hand-to-hand 4 Blow well and bud well and bear well Randwick is one Holiday 5 0 fighting. For this feat the 1 8 God send you fare well A3 Gloucestershires were of the two places The ‘Cotswold Olimpicks’ or ‘Cotswold Games’ were A43 A

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Every sprig and every spray in instituted around 1612 by Robert Dover. They mixed 8 allowed to wear two hat or A bushel of apples to be that still practices traditional games such as backsword fighting and cap badges – the only 2 9 given away cheese-rolling. On shin-kicking with field sports and contests in music 4 10 MORETON- regiment to do so. The Back A 1 IN-MARSH On New Year’s day in the 4 Badge carries an image of the first Sunday in A n 3 Wo olstone 4 morning r 5 A the Sphinx and the word May cheeses are e 1 2 4 ev 4 4 M50 S 8 ‘Egypt’. The Regiment is now From dawn on New Year’s Day, rolled three times r 3 e A 5 A v i part of The Rifles. anti-clockwise 4 at Upton St Leonards, R BISHOP’S Randwick Wap. Photo: © Cal Williams 1 Gotherington and Woolstone, Photo: © Louise Perrin (widdershins) 9 7 CLEEVE Rear badge. Photo: Soldiers of 10 Gloucestershire Museum children went from house to house singing this rhyme around the church. This is followed by the Wap on 4 3 s STOW and were rewarded with apples and cakes. This was the second Saturday. The custom probably dates back 10 A ON THE 40 10 Stow Horse Fair – nearest known as ‘bud-welling’ or ‘buff blowing’. to the but was suppressed in 1892. 19 WOLD 13 d Thursday to 24th October and 12th May 0 5 Revived in 1972, a colourful procession of villagers 4 A In 1476 a charter goes from the War Memorial to the ’s Pool led 8 3 436 l 8 FEBRUARY A A Bourton-on-the-Water for two fairs, the by the Mop Man who swishes his wet mop to clear A40 11 A40 the way. 10 o first in May and the February fills the dyke 0 second in October 2 A4 9 R 2 Whether with black or white 4 i Bisley Well Dressing - Ascension Day 6 A v was granted. These 4 436 e 48 12 5 11a A A w r A were held on 12th A W St. Valentine’s Day – First held in 1863. A short Church Service is followed Brockworth 40 Shin kicking. Photo: © Chris Osburn i May, the feast of 14th February by a procession to Bisley’s seven wells. The twenty- A4 n Upton 17 s d r Saints Philip and two eldest children in the Bluecoat village school carry and dancing, and were held on St. Leonards A4 u On St Valentine’s 35 t s Photo: www..info James and the the wreaths and what is now Dover’s Hill above 8 h Day/Cast Beans in The 1 A 24th October the feast of St. . garlands that . Robert Cranham 4 R 1 io A 6 7 Clay 4 v R Today these fairs are a major event in the gypsy Dover probably instituted the Royal 4 e head the A i 1 r

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12 calendar providing important opportunities to gather (old saying from 1620 Games to support King James I’s 3 C e procession and r C h 9 Berkeley Vale) Forest of 2 and trade. anti-Puritan ‘Book of Sports’ and u 4 T R form the b iv A h er b a L Photo: © Gloucester Folk centrepiece of initially enjoyed aristocratic Dean M5 5 m ea 5 9 es c Paganhill e A h Museum the ceremony. patronage, hailed in Annalia 4 NOVEMBER Randwick 5 1 13 7 These consist of Dubrensia (1636), a collection of 5 l 11 Bisley a A h n 8 41 In there are early 19th century records Stars of David, poems. They soon became a St. Briavels a 3 9 11 C A STROUD of fire and fireworks at the Cross on Bonfire MARCH the letters A.D. purely rustic occasion, and T Night (5th November) and of flaming pitch and tar Bisley Well Dressing. Photo: © Clare and the year, continued for well over two 10 3 When you can put your foot on ten barrels but these activities were stopped in 1824. daisies, spring is here Auchterlonie letters spelling hundred years until the early 3 A419 out the word ‘Ascension’ and five hoops. Similar 1850s, when they were 7 299 A417 LENT CUSTOMS 8 Berkeley Nympsfield 4 ceremonies are observed in the Peak District. suppressed because of alleged A DECEMBER 9 A4 Collop Monday is the day before Shrove Tuesday. It disorder and rioting. r n 2 19 e St Thomas’s Day – 21st December was when the last St Briavels Bread and Cheese Dole – Whit Sunday 3 8 v A4 A43 12 4 e 135 6 meat of the season A This custom is said to date back to the 12th century, S 4 Please to remember St Thomas’s Day, was eaten, in the A but the earliest account comes from 1779. Small r A St Thomas’s Day is the shortest day. form of collops of M5 4 pieces of bread and cheese are thrown to local ‘dole e 5 19 ‘Thomasing’ was an bacon or mutton. v claimers’ who nowadays dress up in medieval i 14 annual visiting custom The fat was used to R known throughout fry pancakes on 8 young people join hands to form a circle around the 3 SEPTEMBER . On St Thomas’s Shrove Tuesday. A church and the service begins. Joining hands, Photo: © Desiree Chow day poor people visited September blow soft they take two steps towards the church, and two back, On Ash Wednesday the traditional dish at M48 9 the houses of better-off Customs, traditions and Till fruit be in the loft while singing the ‘Clypping Hymn’. Afterwards, all the Minchinhampton was pease pudding. neighbours requesting children are given a currant bun. Newent Onion Fayre – Second Saturday in food or provisions to help them through the winter. Next day, Sunday, is Feast Day and associated September Also known as ‘gooding’ or ‘mumping’, the earliest M4M with Bow-Wow Pie. It was customary to bake a meat glorious folk song APRIL reference to the custom is John Stow’s Survey of Newent Onion Fayre is or fruit pie in which the china figure of a dog had been 10 (1560). Many 19th century Gloucestershire 4 When April blows his horn Photos: © Alan Cleaver and Laura Newsam thought to be the only placed. Sometimes there were smaller dogs within the CHIPPING British celebration of wills refer to St. Thomas Day gifts. Tis good for hay and corn costume. ‘Dole Claimers’ used to be anyone who paid A432 SODBURY pie, one for each person round the table. There are onions. It is said to have Lamprey Pie a penny to the Earl of for the right to gather several stories which tell how the custom originated. Mothering Sunday – ancient origins but was firewood. The ceremony was held in the church for The Games were revived in Painswickers used to be very sensitive about this, and From the Medieval Fourth Sunday of revived in 1996. It now Cover image: William Hathaway, fidler from Lower Swell. Photo by Cecil Sharp © EFDSS many years, the bread and cheese being thrown from Photo: frontispiece of Annalia Dubrensia when Stroud lads met their fellows from Painswick period, the City of Lent attracts crowds of many the west gallery, but rowdiness led to its being moved they only had to say ‘Here come the bow-wows’ for Gloucester, in token of The modern ‘Mother’s thousands. The highlight to Pound Hill. Some claimants used to pelt the rector 1951 as part of the Festival of M4 Photo: © Emma Wood fighting to break out. Barks and catcalls can still be their loyalty to the royal 1893 English County Songs published by Lucy Broadwood Day’ is an American is an onion-eating www.abritdifferent.co.uk with the food, but others – particularly miners – used Britain, and have been held annually since the early heard at rugby matches in the area. family, presented a pie OF ENGLISH and John Fuller Maitland. First attempt at a national folk song invention dating from 1960s. As in the Annalia Dubrensia frontispiece, the contest in the Market 400 book. Photo: © Louise Eltringham-Smith to keep the morsels ‘for luck’. Freshwater Lamprey. Photo: made from lampreys 1906. Mothering centre of the celebrations is a mock YEARS FOLK MUSIC 1898 Folk Song Society founded by Kate Lee and A.P. Marshfield scriptorsenex.blogspot.com 12 1557 Stationers’ Company begins to keep register of ballads Graves. printed in London. 1899 Folk Song Society publishes first Journal. Kate Lee Mary Tudor queen. Loss of English colony at Calais. collects from Copper family. Customs, traditions and glorious folk song, all the year round 1624 ‘John Barleycorn’ first registered. Queen Victoria dies. Edward VII on throne. Civil Wars 1642-1651. Execution of Charles I. 1903 Cecil Sharp and Ralph Vaughan Williams begin collecting. Sunday is a much older tradition, observed on the Cooper’s Hill Cheese Rolling, Brockworth, castle, and a cannon is fired to begin the Games. The Water Game, Bourton-on-the-Water – August Square, but there is also a prize onion show, stalls 1660s-70s Samuel Pepys makes private ballad collection. caught in the Severn annually at to the 1904 First volume of Folk Songs from Somerset published by fourth Sunday of Lent. Sons and daughters visited their Gloucestershire – last Monday of May After the competitions there is a torchlight procession OCTOBER Restoration places Charles II on throne. Bank Holiday selling local produce, music, entertainment, and rides sovereign. Lampreys are eel shaped and are parasites Cecil Sharp. Kate Lee dies. Folk Song Society re-founded by mothers and gave them presents, also cakes and to Chipping Campden’s town square. Scuttlebrook 1720s First records of morris dancing in Gloucestershire Here, a Double This game is played on the day of the local fete. Some for children. Good October, a good blast on other fish. King Henry I was reputed to be so fond Lucy Broadwood. Dymock daffodils. It was traditional to eat frumenty Wake, next day, is the modern incarnation of Chipping 10 1765 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry published by Gloucester cheese say it began to celebrate the coronation of Edward VII To blow the hogs acorn and waste of lampreys that he died of a surfeit of them. The 1905-6 Percy Grainger begins collecting in Lincolnshire. (hulled wheat boiled in milk, seasoned with cinnamon, Campden’s ‘Club’ day. The crowning of the May Avening Feast and Queen Matilda’s Pageant – first Thomas Percy. First printed ballad collection. is rolled down a but it bears a strong resemblance to other forms of Michaelmas Mop Fairs custom ceased in the 19th century. It was last revived Somerset Rhapsody by Gustav Holst, Norfolk Rhapsodies by and sweetened with sugar). Sunday after 14th September Mozart in London. steep hill, and Queen is followed by a fancy dress parade, traditional (rather than Association) football in which for Elizabeth II’s coronation in 1953 and her Jubilee Ralph Vaughan Williams, Green Bushes by Percy Grainger. Farm workers were originally hired by the year and people race after it, dancing, and morris dancing. Known locally as ‘Pig-Face Day’, this event is said to in 1977. 1780s Robert Burns collects songs for Scots Musical Museum. Mary Neal’s Esperance Guild begins to give public ‘lived in’ on their employer’s premises and the annual the first one to the commemorate the consecration of the church, in 1780s-1830s Romantic Movement in literature and music. performances of folk songs and morris dances. MAY Michaelmas Hiring Fairs were important events. Those Mummers – Marshfield Paper Boys Boxing Day, bottom wins the 1080, by Queen Matilda, wife of William the 1787-1803 Scots Musical Museum published. 1907 English Folk Song: Some Conclusions published by Cecil JULY wanting 26th December Dew gathered on a May morning is traditionally race and the Conquerer. They stayed at Avening Court and gave French Revolution begins. Revolutionary & Napoleonic Wars. Sharp. First theoretical book on English folk song. First volume of 5 employment The mummers play at Marshfield had ceased to be believed to be good for the complexion. cheese. There are St Margaret’s Day – the builders a feast of boar’s head, thus giving rise to 1802-3 Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border published by Sir Morris Book published by Cecil Sharp and Herbert MacIlwaine. 7 would carry performed there in about 1880, but was revived by First book to give detailed instructions on morris dancing. I wash my face in water which has never also uphill races. 20th July the custom and its graphic name. Today, a feast is Walter Scott. held in the village hall after evensong at the Church of a symbol of folklorist Violet Alford, the sister of the vicar in the 1909 Last volume of Folk Songs from Somerset published by rained nor run The 250 yard At Nympsfield, the traditional Battle of Waterloo the Holy Cross. Celebrations are perhaps more muted their trade village in 1931. She ‘improved’ the play, changing Cecil Sharp. course downhill dish consumed on this day 1839 John, James, and Henry Broadwood collecting songs in I wipe my face with a napkin which was never now than in past times – at the end of the 17th in their things a little from what elderly residents recalled very 1911 English Folk Dance Society founded by Cecil Sharp. slopes to 70 was dumplings with wild Surrey and Sussex. Folk song collecting begins in Russia and wove nor spun century local cleric George Bull tried to suppress the hand or in well about the original script and characters. The George Butterworth begins collecting and dances in Cecil degrees in places plums (hegpegs) which gave Germany. event as it led to abuses and excesses in the village. their hat – a traditional St George became King William in her Sharp’s morris team. Reginald Tiddy collects mummers’ plays. 1st MAY – MAY DAY REVELS and the ground the villagers their nickname. 1843 Songs published by John Broadwood. Traditionally ‘pig-face’ sandwiches are served at the shepherd’s adaptation, for example, and Father Christmas was . George Butterworth and Reginald Tiddy killed. Paganhill Maypole is painted larch decorated with surface is very Photo: www.celtnet.org.uk Queen Victoria on throne. Nationalist Movement in music. gathering, and the same delicacy will also be found in crook, for added. It is a version of the combat play (where one 1914-16 Alfred Williams collects in Upper Thames valley. streamers. Every year it is repainted and fresh uneven. Injuries are 1852-3 Cotswold Games abandoned. Morris dancing declines. Photo: © Tom Cole Photography the in the district. example. 1928-35 James Carpenter collects ballads and mummers’ streamers are fitted. May Day revels in Cheltenham frequent. Wooden AUGUST 1878 Nursery Rhymes and Country Songs published by M.H. Tewkesbury Mop Fair. Photo: © Craig Fletcher Those who plays. were conducted by the chimney sweeps and included ‘cheeses’ were used during the period of rationing the goals might be half a mile apart and contested by Mason. Dry August and warm Clypping the Church, Feast Day, and Bow-Wow Pie, had no trade would carry a mop, hence the name of 1932 Folk Song Society and English Folk Dance Society a processional dance and a Jack-in-the-Green. As the from 1941-1954 and can be seen on display at 8 hundreds of players. At Bourton it is a five-a-side 1888-91 Songs of the West published by Sabine Baring- Painswick – Saturday and Sunday on or after 19th ‘Mop Fair’. Nowadays, the fairs are purely pleasure merge. poet Alfred Noyes wrote: Gloucester Folk Museum. The custom is at least 200 Doth harvest no harm football match played in the stream of the River Gould, Sussex Songs by Lucy Broadwood (son of Henry), September events. They are held at , 1938 End of Harry Albino’s work in Gloucestershire. years old and is proudly maintained by local Windrush. Traditional Tunes by Frank Kidson, English Folk Songs by For the chimney-sweeps of Cheltenham town, Cranham Feast – Second Monday in August Cirencester, Stow-on-the-Wold, Tewkesbury and World War II Brockworth families. William Barrett. Sooty of face as a swallow of wing, The earliest date recorded for the Feast is 1680. It is Winchcombe. AUGUST – SEPTEMBER Come whistling, fiddling, dancing down, Tetbury Woolsack Races – held on the feast The Gloucestershire Regiment – the Back Badge With white teeth flashing as they sing. Whitsun Bank Holiday day of St. James The ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A Jack-in-the-Green Monday the Great, to Late August to The Gloucestershire Regiment was formed in 1881 whom the late September is from the 28th and 61st Foot. It was one of the oldest The Gloucestershire Folk Map is one of a series of folk maps currently Extensive effort has been made to contact all copyright holders for was revived in The Woolsack Races in being researched and published by Yvette Staelens and C.J.Bearman of permission to use photos on this map. a good time to regiments in the British Army, had the most battle Winchcombe in 2009 Tetbury reflect the church is Bournemouth University. It is a research output of The Singing Society of Authors for permission to use the Alfred Noyes quote. dedicated. St. witness the honours, and a Landscape Project, a Knowledge Transfer Fellowship awarded to the importance of wool We have found Roy Palmer’s book on ‘The Folklore of Gloucestershire’ Ascension Day number of nicknames team by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). production and weaving in James’s Day Severn Bore when indispensible especially for the old sayings that we have reproduced on including ‘The Photo: © Derek Schofield Before the Spring Bank the Cotswolds. Male used to be 25th the tides are at Concept and compilation Yvette Staelens [email protected] this map. Malcolm Taylor, EFDSS librarian for permission to use and slashers’ and ‘The Old and C.J.Bearman. Researched by Yvette Staelens and C.J.Bearman, who provision of photos from the Cecil Sharp Archive in the Vaughan Williams Holiday was fixed at the competitors race down and July, but their highest. character kills another and the dead man is brought Braggs’. In 1801 the gratefully acknowledge the help of Andrew Bathe, Paul Burgess, Memorial Library. end of May, up Gumstool Hill carrying a changing the Traditionally many back to life by a quack doctor). The players wear Gwilym Davies and Chris Wildridge, in sharing their research and Published by Bournemouth University © Bournemouth University 2010 Whitsuntide was a calendar in people try to ‘ride’ 28th was in action at costumes with strips of coloured paper or wallpaper supporting this map project, also Gloucester Folk Museum staff 65lb woolsack, women Photo: www.cranham.net moveable feast forty 1752 placed it the bore in a the Battle of hanging from their clothes and these costumes give Christopher Morris and Nigel Cox. ISBN 978-1-85899-274-7 carry 35lbs. The race Bow Wow Pie. Alexandria when Design Andrew Crane http://andrewcrane.posterous.com/ days after Easter. organisers suggest that the in August. It may originally have been an assertion of variety of craft the troupe its alternative name: the Marshfield Paper Additional photo research by Louise Perrin. French cavalry Printed by Wincanton Printing Company www.wincanton-print.com Moist in May, heat races were started in the villagers’ rights over access to . including, today, ‘Clypping’ is an ancient word meaning to embrace or Boys. The antiquity of the Marshfield play itself is attacked from both in June, 17th Century by young Tetbury Woolsack Race. Nowadays, there is a Feast Fayre and deer-carving on surfboards. encircle. The church’s dedication is the Virgin Mary claimed by some to date to the twelfth century. It is a front and rear while in Makes the harvest drovers showing off to local Photo: © Rachel Cotterill the Saturday. A processional service is held on the and in the past the ceremony appears to have been local custom, kept local, with roles passed to family held on 8 September – the Feast of the Nativity of the a two-deep line. The Front badge of the members of those already in the troupe, and includes come right soon women by running up the hill carrying a woolsack. Sunday afternoon, followed by tea, children’s sports Gloucestershire Regiment. Colonel ordered ‘Rear Paganhill Maypole. Photo: © Today world record finishing times are recorded in the and a tug-of-war. Blessed Virgin Mary. When, in 1752, the calendar lost Photo: Soldiers of a requirement that players have a genuine Marshfield Photo: johnsti777 rank only – face bazzadarambler Guinness Book of Records. eleven days, the custom got its present date. At 3pm, Gloucestershire Museum accent. Glos.Broadsht.7_Layout 1 15/10/2010 14:35 Page 2

GLOUCESTERSHIRE transport was his bicycle. In 1916 Williams Name Location Name Location decided that the war effort needed him and Acott, Charles Maisey Hampton Adams, William Edwin Cheltenham enlisted. In 1923 he brought his collecting Gloucestershire Folk Song Gloucestershire Morris Dancing Adams, Henry Stroud Akerman, George Ash, George Ampney Crucis Andrews, Albert Edward Winchcombe material together in Folk Songs of the 153 Gloucestershire people sang or recited to folk song The historian Keith Chandler has identified 124 Gloucestershire morris dancers and musicians who Ashbee, Janet Chipping Campden Andrews, George Winchcombe Upper Thames. Avery, William Aldsworth Baldwin, George Newent FOLK collectors between the 1890s and the end of the 1930s. performed between the 1750s and the 1930s. The county was home to two sorts of morris dancing, Banting, William Bayliss? Oddington COLLECTORS James Madison Carpenter (1888-1984) This is a high total, in view of the fact that Gloucestershire the ‘Cotswold’ style in the east and the ‘’ or ‘Border Morris’ style in the west. Barnard, Mrs. Baxter, Robert Eastleach never had a single collector who devotedly worked References to morris dancing begin in the fifteenth century, but the first depiction of men performing Barnes, James Quenington Benfield, Charles Bledington came from Booneville, Mississippi, and Barnett, Alice Quenington Cecil Sharp (1859-1924) Bennett, William James Lower Swell after graduating MA from the state through the county, as others did in Devon, Dorset, what looks like the ‘Cotswold’ style is the painting ‘Harvesters at Dixton Manor’, dated to around Barrett, [John?] Frank Bond, Richard Edward Bledington was a London music Hampshire, and Somerset. Most of the material collected 1720. About the same time a lady wrote in her diary that she was ‘almost stunned with morris Barrett, Henry Randwick Carey, Abraham Bledington university gained a PhD from Harvard, in Bartlett, Joseph Down Ampney teacher who collected folk was common all over southern England. There were dancing’. Unlike ‘country’ or ‘social’ dancing, the was reserved for special occasions Carey, Benjamin Bledington 1929. He made his first collecting trip to Baughn,Thomas South Cerney Carey, Thomas Abraham Bledington songs and morris dances classic ballads such as ‘The Outlandish Knight’ and ‘The and performed by ‘sides’ of trained dancers who were almost always men and usually from the same Baxter, Robert Eastleach Carey, William Henry Bledington Britain in 1928, then stayed from 1929 to Baylis, William Buckland from 1903 onwards. He Broomfield Hill’, and songs of farming life and conviviality families. By the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the main motive was collecting money at Carter, William Guiting Power 1935, investigating sea shanties, traditional Beach, Richard Bream Clifford, William Lower Swell first visited Gloucestershire like ‘We Shepherds are the Best of Men’, and ‘All Jolly Whitsuntide (now Spring Bank Holiday). ‘Sides’ of men performed at village ‘club days’, outside Bennett, Isaac Little Sodbury Collins, John Longborough ballads, and mummer’s plays. Research Betteridge, Thomas Lower Slaughter in 1907, inspired by an Fellows that Follow the Plough’. There were even sea great houses, and even travelled to London to dance in the streets. They called this ‘taking an annual Cook/Gibbs, Edward Bledington grants and Betterton, Thomas Cooke, Joseph Oddington encounter with two shanties through the maritime connections of and circuit’, but were sometimes harassed by the law because their bells and ribbons, inevitably, Bond, Mary Quenington advancing Court, James Edward Chipping Campden Cecil Sharp. © EFDSS sewermen who were . Singing in Gloucestershire also had ‘frightened the horses’. Bradley, John Coates Curtis, William? Withington technology some unusual or peculiar features. Among them were the There is known to have been ‘Cotswold’ style dancing at nearly thirty places in Gloucestershire, Bradshaw, William Bibury Cyphas, David Rissington whistling morris dance tunes in a London Brown, Mrs. B.A. enabled him songs ‘George Ridler’s Oven’ and ‘The Jovial Foresters’. but after the 1850s the custom declined. Morris dancers sometimes had bad reputations for drinking Cyphas, James Rissington street, and between then and 1921 Brown, William Driffield Davies, William Edwards Winchcombe to use The former was long believed to be a satire on Oliver and violence and Victorian ‘respectability’ frowned on them. A particular turning point in this Bunting, Thomas Sherborne Davis, John Rissington collected from fifty-four Gloucestershire Bye, Una Eastleach conveniences Cromwell; the latter concerns mining in the Forest of Dean decline appears to have been the ending of the Cotswold Games in 1852-3. By the time collecting Day, Henry Chipping Campden people. Sharp collected and published Cecil Sharp. © EFDSS Carpenter, Robert Cerney Wick Denley, Benjamin Withington not available and is still sung by local choirs. The county introduced began in 1907 very little was left. Only one ‘side’ at Chipping Campden has an almost continuous Clappen, Thomas Driffield Denley, David Naunton/G. Power morris dances from Bledington, Clayton, Mary Ann Chipping Campden to previous collectors such as Cecil Sharp to folk carols like ‘The Cherry Tree Carol’, ‘The Twelve tradition going back into the nineteenth century. Another ‘side’ at Bledington had several revivals Eldridge, Henry Eastleach Longborough, and Sherborne. He also Joys of Mary’, and ‘A Virgin Unspotted’, referred to by Ivor Gurney as the ‘Gloucester between the 1880s and the 1930s, but the dances of Longborough, Oddington, and Sherborne had to Cobb, Mrs Sapperton Eldridge, William Eastleach collectors, Coldicott, Thomas Farebrother, Robert collected tunes and songs, Carol’. Gloucestershire’s form of wassailing differed from the more usual celebration of be reconstructed from the memories of one or two old dancers and musicians. Memories of the Collett, John Stanway James Carpenter. © Library of Congress such as Franklin, Charles Edward Bledington beginning in the Chipping Sodbury area apple trees as in other counties from Sussex to Somerset. The word was usually ‘Forest of Dean’ style were even more fragmentary. It was known at Bromsberrow Heath, Clifford’s Collins, James Joseph Garlick Little Barrington motor-car travel and a mechanical Cook, George Stow on the Wold Gayley, William Oddington pronounced ‘waysail, and the Gloucestershire waysail consisted of groups travelling Mesne, and Raurden, but only the Bromsberrow Heath dance has been reconstructed. Cook, Henry Arlington and moving on to the uplands around Gorton, Charles Oddington recording device, the Dictaphone. Couling, George from farm to farm, displaying their decorated wooden waysail bowl, singing their song From 1924 onwards the ‘Travelling Morris’ group (composed of undergraduates from Cambridge Gorton, Henry Oddington Ford, Naunton, Temple Guiting, Couling, Lot Kempsford Carpenter collected about 150 mummers Griffin, George Albert Chipping Campden and collecting money. They were sometimes accompanied by the ‘Broad’ which was a University) began to bring the dances back to the countryside and try to glean what they could of the Corbet, Henry Snowshill Winchcombe, and Chipping Campden. Hall, Lewis James Bledington play texts in Britain, twenty-seven of them Morris dancers (bottom right) at Dixton Manor c.1720. Photo: © Cheltenham Art Cox, James Minchinhampton representation of a cow. Almost every village had its own version of the waysail song. surviving tradition. Harris, Jonathan Bledington Gloucestershire introduced Sharp to many Gallery & Museum Denley, Thomas Sevenhampton in Gloucestershire. Only (with Hathaway, Dennis Chipping Campden folk carols, such as ‘The Cherry Tree Davis, William Winchcombe thirty) produced a higher number. He also Hathaway, Edwin Longborough Carol’, ‘The Twelve Joys of Mary’, and ‘A Dawes, Eli collected from several ballad singers, William Baylis Elizabeth Field Albert Spiers 11 George Simpson 13 Thomas Pitts Deane, Mrs Cheltenham Hathaway, George Longborough Virgin Unspotted’, while Mary Ann Clayton 1 5 8 Dobbyan, Miss Bristol Hathaway, George Bledington including Frederick Newman, previously Hathaway, Henry Longborough of Chipping Campden provided the well- William Baylis (1847- Alfred Williams collected from Elizabeth or ‘Lily’ Field Albert Spiers (1844-1928) Sherborne was known as ‘a desperate morris place’, Thomas Pitts (1855- Dobbyan, Mrs. Bristol encountered by Percy Grainger. Back in Doughty, Amy Winchcombe Hathaway, James Stow area known tune for ‘The and the Ivy’. 1926) was an agricultural (1880-1951), who was postmistress at Winson for came from Defford, and its dances are among the most beautiful and 1940) was and Evans, Joseph Hathaway, Samuel Lower Swell America, Carpenter moved to Duke labourer born at Stanton more than thirty years. She gave him three songs, , but came to intricate of all. George Simpson (1850-1915) was tabor player for the Field, Elizabeth Winson Hathaway, Thomas Chipping Campden Hathaway, William Lower Swell Percy Grainger (1882-1961) was an University, North Carolina, but became a but living in Buckland among them the ballads ‘Lord Thomas and Fair Lechlade around 1876 to Sherborne side. The Fletcher, Isabel Freeman, Emily Ampney Crucis Hathaway, William Longborough Australian pianist and composer who virtual recluse after retiring from when Cecil Sharp met him Eleanor’ and the mysterious ‘Cutty Wren’ (Richat to work as an agent for the pipe was three-holed Fry, John Tormarton Hawker, Henry Sherborne began collecting English folk songs in 1905. academic life, his work unknown until he in 1909. He worked for Robet). She was a great reader, a good talker, and an . He and played with one Gardiner, Charles Oakridge Hawker, Thomas Sherborne Hicks, George Sherborne the vicar, grew asparagus, was also landlord first of the hand while the other Gascoigne, Herbert Kemble He began working in Gloucestershire in was tracked down in 1972 and his Gill, Peter Stroud Hitchman, John Bledington 1907, inspired by stays at Stanway, home collection purchased for the Library of did land draining, and was Swan , then the Crown. beat the tabor. Most Ginovan, Thomas Bristol Hooper, William Sherborne a great man for the church. In politics he was a staunch morris dancers Godwin, Robert Southrop Hopkins, James Sherborne of Lady Elcho. In 1908 perhaps the most Congress. It is only recently that it has Godwin, Sarah Southrop Howell, James Chipping Campden become widely known in this country. Like many Gloucestershire Conservative. He retired after preferred pipe and Gosling, Mrs Mary Lechlade Humphries, George Withington singers, he knew folk suffering the loss of his wife tabor because of the Griffin, Edwin Hatherop James, Edward Sherborne James, Richard Chipping Campden F. Scarlett Pottercollected ‘The carols including ‘On and daughter in 1909 and strong rhythmic Grubb, George Ewen Albert Spiers. Photo courtesy Hacklett, Willliam Winchcombe Jones, Charles Little Barrington Shepherd’s Song’ from Thomas Coldicote Christmas Time’, and a lived at Southrop, where Mrs Kathleen Newman support it provided. Halliday, Arthur Culkerton Keeley, William Chipping Campden FOLK SINGERS Kench, John Sherborne of Ebrington and sent it to Lucy wassail or ‘waysail’ song. Alfred Williams met him. (Southrop) This fine photograph Hands, John Snowshill William Baylis. © EFDSS Hands, William Willersley Kench, Thomas Sherborne Broadwood (1858-1929), who published it He was also a handbell was taken by Harry Harding, James Stow-on-the-Wold Kilby/Kilbey, Charles Salperton ringer. Buckland at this time had a great musical Albino. Harris, Miss/Mrs E. Quenington Kilby, George Salperton in English County Songs (1893). The George Simpson (standing, on the right) with his ‘children’ tradition - a string orchestra and a temperance band, 9 Sarah Timbrell Thomas Pitts. © Gloucestershire Hathaway, Jane Lower Swell Kilby, John Salperton brothers Henry (1866-1910) and Robert Kilby, Joseph Salperton Archives, Albino Collection Hawker, Ann Broad Campden Hammond (1868-?) collected from a single which could combine as full orchestra. Sarah Timbrell (1865-1950) born there and danced in the morris ‘side’ until it Hawkins, Arthur Bibury Kilby, Mary Salperton was born at Eastleach Martin disbanded, around 1875. He then migrated to work Hawkins, Keziah Old Sodbury Kilby, Richard Salperton Gloucestershire singer, but did not identify Hedges, William Chipping Campden Kilby, Samuel Salperton and went into service before on a farm at Upton, near Didcot, , but did 14 John Mason and him. Reginald 2 Henry Thomas Herbert, George Poulton Kilby, Thomas Salperton Tiddy (1880-1916) marrying John, a carter, of not forget his artistry. Cecil Sharp met him in 1908 William Hathaway Herbert, George Avening Lamb, George Bourton-on-the-Hill Henry Thomas (1830-?) Quenington. They lived at and wrote that “he proved to be one of the best and Hicks, George Bibury area collected mummers Most morris musicians, however, played the . Horne, Mr Chipping Campden Lardner, James Sherborne may have been in Brize Norton before returning cleverest dancers” he had ever met, and so keen that Howes, Mr. Cherington Major, James Winchcombe plays in Chipping Sodbury Elizabeth Field. Photo courtesy Peter Field to Quenington by 1901. he taught them to the boys of his adopted village. John Mason (1835-1912) and William Hathaway Iles, Joseph Poulton Mason, John Stow area Irvine, Mrs Chedworth Gloucestershire in Workhouse when Cecil excellent gardener. Elizabeth and Walter Field are Alfred Williams noted the (1842-1910) were the first Gloucestershire musicians Overington, William Oddington preparation for a James, Mark Lower Slaughter Pitts, Thomas Sherborne Sharp collected from him interesting for the evidence they provide of social song ‘Isle of Wight’ and a 12 Lane, Archer Winchcombe Pugh, George Oddington Ralph Vaughan Williams and Percy Grainger. © EFDSS book, but was killed in April 1907, but his mobility. They acquired a car, and their sons Dick and fragment of the ballad ‘Robin Harry Taylor Lane, George ‘Daddy’ Winchcombe Randall, John Winchcombe Launchbury, Thomas Wyck Rissington in the First World Reginald Tiddy. © EFDSS appearance and the key Peter won scholarships to Rendcomb College, Sandles, Albert Oddington extraordinary event in the history of folk Hood and Little John’. Cecil Sharp first collected from Henry Taylor (1843- Lawrence, Robert Chedworth Sandles, William Oddington War. So was the composer George he is holding seems to established in 1920 to offer public school style Long, Mr Acton Turville Search, William Oddington music collecting happened when Lady Sarah Timbrell. Photo courtesy 1931) in a field in May 1910. He later wrote that Butterworth (1885-1916) who investigated make that unlikely. He education to promising village boys. Janice Falvey (Plantsville USA) Taylor “sang to me the tunes, Looker/Mapson, Jane Bibury Shillum, Edwin Frank Winchcombe Elcho’s house-party descended on Mackie, Mrs Lechlade Simpson, James Sherborne/ morris dances in collaboration with Cecil had one of the largest executed the steps, and explained Mander, James Aldworth Simpson, George Sherborne Winchcombe Workhouse to hear its repertoires of any singer the figures with the utmost skill Martin, William Winchcombe Simpson, James Sherborne Sharp. Clive Carey (1885-1964) also 10 John Ockwell May, Richard Fairford inmates sing. Percy Grainger was Sharp found in 6 Edwin Griffin Slatter, William Bledington collected morris dances on behalf of and readiness”. Longborough is Merriman, Philip Chipping Campden Smith, George Chipping Campden accompanied by Lady Elcho, Lady Gloucestershire - eleven The singer Alfred Robert John Ockwell (1871-1944) was the son of a among the most vigorous and Merritt, W. Maisey Hampton Spragg, Charles Longborough Sharp’s rival Mary Neal (1860-1944) . Henry Thomas. © EFDSS Wemyss, the former Prime Minister Arthur tunes and six sets of Williams named as farmer and noted local singer and followed his father in spectacular of morris dance Messenger, Charles Cerney Wick Spragg, John William Longborough After the First World War he made a Midwinter, James Aldsworth Balfour, the former Colonial Secretary words, including the carols ‘The Virgin Unspotted’ and both professions. Alfred Williams collected only one Spragg, William Longborough career as singer and opera producer. Edward Griffin was traditions, and Taylor had last Mills, James South Cerney Steed, Henry Bledington Edward Lyttelton, and John Singer ‘Come All You True Good Christians’. probably Edwin Griffin song from him, ‘The Bunch danced in 1887. He survived to be Mills, William Bibury Steptoe, George Little Barrington Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958), of Nuts’, but it appears that John Mason. © EFDSS William Hathaway. © EFDSS Moss, Ann Driffield Taylor, Albert Bledington Sargeant, the leading portrait painter of the younger (1878- visited by the Travelling Morris in Morse, William Coln St Aldwyn arguably Britain’s greatest composer of he was known both for encountered by Cecil Sharp. Mason came from Stow- Taylor, Albert Longborough the day. Grainger recorded the singing with 1952). The 1901 census 1924 and subsequent years. Neal, Mr. C.S. Aston-sub-Edge Taylor, Charles Oddington William Hedges on-the-Wold and played for a number of morris dance modern times, was born at Down Ampney, 3 describes him as a singing at home and in the CHIPPING Newman, Frederick Taylor, Christopher Longborough an Edison cylinder phonograph and wrote CAMDEN Newman, William Stanton in Gloucestershire, but despite being an local pub, and when his Harry Taylor. © ‘sides’, including Lower Swell and Longborough ‘sides’ Taylor, Harry Longborough to his girlfriend Karen Holten that it was Very little is known cattleman, but it seems Nightingale, Ann Didbrook Taylor, Henry Sherborne EFDSS 3 15 largely composed from the Hathaway family. The cover active collector, met only one singer in the about William Hedges he later worked in the daughter died a number Buckland Nightingale, Arthur Didbrook Taylor, James Sherborne fun to see an amusing farm labourer sing Ockwell, Jane Poulton county, as did Cecil Sharp’s amanuensis (1831-?) who was a gardens at Hatherop of printed song 1 of this map shows William Hathaway, who came Taylor, Mark Longborough into the phonograph, while the notabilities Ockwell, Robert John Somerford Keynes Taylor, Stephen Longborough Maud Karpeles (1885-1977). Janet Blunt sheets were TEWKESBURY MORETON- from Lower Swell, but had migrated to Cheltenham Packer, Jane Winchcombe retired shepherd living in Castle and was caretaker IN-MARSH Taylor, Stephen Longborough listened. These recordings are now in the found. where Sharp found him working as a shoemaker. Parnell, Albert Ebrington (1859-1950), who lived at Adderbury, Westington, Chipping of the school. He was a n Dixton Taylor, Walter Longborough r e Library of Congress, Washington. Grainger v Phelps, Charles Avening Se Longborough Taylor, William Chipping Campden Campden, when Cecil bellringer and gave r Oxfordshire, collected two Gloucestershire e Phelps, Sarah Avening v collected from fourteen Gloucestershire i Taylor, William Arthur Chipping Campden songs. Harry Hurlbutt Albino (1889-1957) Sharp collected from Williams one song, ‘John Edwin Griffin. Photo courtesy R BISHOP’S 12 15 Pitts, Esther Eastleach Townsend, Albert Sherborne CLEEVE Chipping Campden and Price, Eli Jasper South Cerney people before his interest waned in 1909. (the late) Reuben Sims Tuffley, Alfred Longborough was a gentleman amateur who collected him in August- Appleby’. STOW Puffett, John Lechlade ON THE Dennis Hathaway Tuffley, Thomas Longborough September 1909. Like (Hatherop) s Pillinger, John Lechlade Alfred Williams (1877-1930) was born into sporadically from around 1913 until 1938, John Ockwell. Photo courtesy WOLD Veale, Charles Chipping Campden Price, Dennis Tetbury Henry Thomas, he had [the late] Miss Marjorie 14 Veale, Thomas Chipping Campden a carpenter’s family. He was a part-time and was also a skilled photographer. Much d 14 Richards, Caroline? Little Sodbury Eli Price Ockwell (Somerford Keynes) Warner, James Chipping Campden a large repertoire 7 CHELTENHAM Roberts, Edward Siddington farm labourer at the age of eight and left of his work was done to facilitate his l Bourton- Webb, Frederick Longborough on-the-Wa t e r Roberts, Mary Anne Winchcombe including ‘We Shepherds Eli Price (Alfred Williams called him Jasper) was born Webb, George John Chipping Campden

school at eleven. At fifteen he went to work articles in the Gloucestershire Countryside o R Russell, James Hatherop i

are the Best of Men’, at South Cerney and spent all his life there, dying v Webb, Joseph Longborough GLOUCESTER e Russell, Jane Tetbury in the Great Western magazine. r Webb, Oliver Budd Longborough and a version of ‘George in 1952. He was an agricultural labourer. W Sellars, Charles Eastleach w i Railway company’s n Webb, Robert Frank Longborough d Shepherd, William Winchcombe Ridler’s Oven’, a song Williams only collected one song from him, r White, Albert Belcher Winchcombe s Sherborne u Shilton, Henry Lechlade works at . William Hedges. Photo: s h peculiar to ‘The Bold Champions’. The t Shilton, James Lechlade Williams Aldsworth Humble origins Museum of English Rural Life 11 13 Winter, Thomas William Bledington CLASSICAL Gloucestershire. Royal Sims, W. Fairford o Smith, Charles Coates Wood, Havelock Winchcombe concealed an enormous Forest of R Wright, William Bledington i v R Smith, Eli Brookthorpe C e iv r er Young, Thomas Northleach intellectual appetite R L Smith, Raymond Bibury MORRIS DANCERS AND MUSICIANS Dean i e v Winson T a h c Herbert Gascoigne e am h 4 r es Smithered, Elizabeth Tewkesbury and ability. He learned

e C h Sparrow, William Kemble l 6

u 5 a

Latin, Greek, and n b Hatherop Herbert Gascoigne (1870-1925) was a blacksmith and a STROUD Spiers, Alfred Southrop h b FOLK C member of the National Master Farriers’ Association. Such, Mr Cheltenham French, besides GLOUCESTERSHIRE T Quenington LYDNEY Southrop Sutton, John Bibury becoming a painter and Born near Bath, he Swallow, Thomas Lower Guiting CIRENCESTER 9 writing his own poetry. Gloucestershire’s most famous musical moved to Tetbury Minchinhampton 8 Photo: © English Heritage. NMR Tandy, George Winchcombe A LIVING Alfred Williams r n NAILSWORTH took this photograph of the Chipping Tanner, Tom Cherington His best known book, sons of recent times are Gerard Finzi, and later settled in e LECHLADE v 4 7 Taylor, John Poulton TRADITION Kemble. He is said e South Campden morris dancers in the town’s high street in Teale, Elizabeth? Winchcombe Life in a Railway Factory (1915) expressed Gustav Holst, Herbert Howells, and Ralph S Kemble Cerney INCE THE SECOND WORLD WAR, the work to have been one of 1896. Dennis Hathaway is on the right. In 1908 Temple, Henry Barnsley his dissatisfaction with the GWR and could Vaughan Williams. Vaughan Williams r Soomerford e Keynes Thomas, Henry Chipping Sodbury of Cecil Sharp, Percy Grainger, Alfred the finest cricketers v Charles Ashbee brought his Guild of Arts and Crafts to i Timbrell, Sarah Quenington only be published after a breakdown in honoured his native county with his TETBURY R 10 Chipping Campden and the revival of traditional Williams and their fellow collectors, has health forced Williams to leave. He then ever to play for the Timms, William? Buckland S arrangement of ‘The Wassail Song of village. He gave culture inspired Hathaway to form his own side from Toms, Richard Fairford been continued by Peter Kennedy, Mike Yates, Tranter, T.J. Minchinhampton became a market gardener and folk song Gloucestershire’. Of the others, only Holst Alfred Williams one local boys. Peter Sheppard and Gwilym Davies. The collector, reporting his discoveries in the Trueman, James Ampney St Mary played a direct part in the folk music item, ‘Turpin and the Tucker, James Bristol organisation Glosfolk has been founded to weekly issues of the Wilts and revival. He did editing work on behalf of Lawyer’, a version of Wakefield, Robert Winchcombe support folk music in the county. Gloucestershire Standard. Over the two the Folk Song Society and published Wassail! wassail! all over the town Wall, Jane Driffield the well-known Watts, William Henry Tewkesbury www.glosfolk.org.uk years 1914-16, Williams collected from arrangements of morris dance tunes ‘Turpin Hero’. Webley, John Bibury 2 West, James Quenington Paul Burgess researches singers and dancers about 230 people in the upper Thames collected by Cecil Sharp. His one-act opera CHIPPING Our toast it is white and our ale it is brown SODBURY Wiggett, Mrs. P Ford and the folklorist and historian Roy Palmer valley, where the three counties of At the Boar’s Head (based on Herbert Gascoigne Wilkins, Robert John Tetbury Williams, Kathleen Wigpool Common has published an authoritative survey of Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, and Shakespeare’s Henry IV plays) contains Photo: Christian Brann Our bowl it is made of the white maple tree Wixey, Elizabeth. (Ann?) Buckland Gloucestershire’s folklore. meet, a remarkable achievement & Collectors Books Woodward, Charles Ebrington

many arrangements of Hampshire tunes GLOUCESTERSHIRE Eli Price. Photo courtesy (the late) Mrs Elsie for a man not in robust health, whose only collected by George Gardiner. Lockey (South Cerney) With the wassailing bowl, we’ll drink to thee