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THE MAG 17-07-05.Dtp PTERIDOLOGIST 2005 CONTENTS BRACKEN LORE see page J14 & Editorial Volume 4 Part 4, 2005 Apparently>ifyou cut th~ st=l or 'fOOt' ofbr>lcken you will ""~. variously: an oak tr..e, th~ initia ls I.C. EDITORIAL lames Merryweather or G.O.D. or a Doubl ~ -H ~ a<kd Eagk Instructions to authors The Editor tried it himself. NEWS 81. COMMENT Polystachy in Equisemm - Poly What? Chris Page 98 Ferns of the Isle of Skye Mike Taylor 99 Thyrsopteris elegans Frank McGavigan 99 Asplenium fontanum in Britain? Alastair C. Wardlaw WO Fern Carviug in New Zealand Frank McGavig:m 102 Bracken? Just the Ticket Martin Spray 102 IN THE GARDEN Fems in My Garden: Trichoma nes speciosum Jack Bouckley 103 Photography for The Plantfinder's Guide Martin Rickard 104 Oblique sectlou of rhizome JC - bllt th~ 'C'is back-to-fron', Th~ th~ IDENTIFICATION ucrion connr"lpan is <tJnt... Potystichum richardii Split at Last Graham Ackers 106 Which New Zealand Fern Book? Frank Mcrlavigan 109 TREE-FERN NEWSLETTER No. 11 Alastair C. Wardlaw ed. 110 Cyathea dregei Outdoors in the UK Alastair C. Wardlaw 110 Tree Ferns and the RHS Alastair C. Wardlaw 110 Tree-Fern Conservation Patrick Brownsey, JOM Hawkins I II Ecological Study of Recolonisation Alastair C. Wardlaw 112 Versatile Dicksonia antarctica Alastair C. Wardlaw 113 BRACKEN LORE J. B.Smith 114 FOCUS ON FERNEmES Oblique section of sttpe Fern Gully,South Australia Nicola Fidler 116 PilI/f rond and cllt ",J,,," ,11.. gre,." . rip .. dark..", Fernery News Jack Bouckley. Geoff Srephenson 118 10 u" 0 ",aliiI''' oak"..... grtrn';ng on 0 gr..,." "if!. Patience is a Virtue - Platycerimn Bryan Smith 118 WHO KILLED THE LADY? James M errywearher 119 WHY RECORD FERNS? Chris Page 120 AN EARLY SCOTTISH PTERIDOLOGIST John Mirchell 123 BRITAIN'S NATIVE TREE FERNS Adrian Dyer 124 FERNS in the SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS Dick Hayward 128 BOOK REVIEWS A Natural History of Ferns - Moran Frank McGavigan 131 Tree Ferns -Large & Braggins Martin Rickard 131 Swaziland Ferns & Fern Allies -Roux Graham Ackers 131 Oblique section of sttpe Oaxaca Journal - Sacks Martin Rickard 132 Cnl as abo"", /,, "''' ~ d"" 'n i.. ,h.. da ~k ~.-gion . A Ire.. CD-ROM: All Ferns of the World - Hassler Martin Rickard 132 ..·;th ""a lorg.. "Qk '"0''''' "I' a .pu ad "agl..? Key to Common Fems - Merryweather Heather HcHaffie 132 COVER PICTURE: Dicksonta antarctica photographed by Yvonne Golding in Comwall (see page 110 for Tree-Fern Newsletter No. 11). Unless stated otherwise, photographs were supplied by the authors of the articles in which they appear. DISCLAIMER: Vi<ws ~ XJlfes se d in Pteridologist ar~ not =c~ssarily thos~ of the British Pt..ridologica.l Sod..ty. Copyright ~ 2005 Brit is h Pt..ridologi cal Soci..t y. All right s n,.,,,,,,:ed No pan of lhis publication may Transverse sectlou s of sttpe be upfOduCM in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by d ..ctronic lIl"ans) Com'inc;ng .-og/.. ..·it" feO/J,..,,· b"d.l', without the pennission of th~ Brit ish Pt..ri d" logical Soci..ty. "" a "'ings, t...o [N'I ... and t",o J,,,ad•. Pteridologist 4, 4 (2005) 97 NEWS & COMMENT Polystachy is the term given to a POLYSTACHY out that certain environmental horsetail (Equisetum) shoot when, conditions may need to occur to bring IN EQUISETUM - POLY WHAT? instead of producing just a single such growth forms into full expression, terminal cone, it has multiple small Chris Page suggesting that it is the result of an cones adorning its branch tips. environmental trigger operating on a Gillywood Cottage, Trebost Lane, rare but already established genotype. Sometimes cones occur on all St Stythians, Truro, Cornwall TR3 7DW branches, or sometimes on just the Where I have found polystachy, it uppermost ones, normally in addition has not been restricted to just one to the more regular large cone shoot, but has tended to occur to a produced on the tip of the main shoot. greater or lesser degree in multiple It is a spectacular phenomenon, and shoots of a particular colony, all of the Editor was right to raise an which probably belong to a single eyebrow at finding it (Pteridologist, clone. Further, when I had opportunity 2002). He challenged any reader “Has to observe one such colony anyone found a polystachion?” I reply (E. palustre) successively over a three- “yes”, but I should have probably said year period in Northumberland. this long ago, and can’t think why I Polystachy there occurred each year in didn’t. the same site, but the polystachious shoots were more numerous in some Three thoughts come to mind as a years than in others. Whatever this result of this challenge: the occurrence trigger is, it would have to operate in of polystachy, what causes it, and is it the previous season, when the structure significant? of the following year’s shoot buds are OCCURENCE? being actively laid down. From field Polystachy is indeed an unusual observations, I suspect that unusual phenomenon in Equisetum. It occurs degrees of site flooding may be sporadically, here-and-there in wild contributary. specimens in widely disjunct localities. SIGNIFICANCE? It is far from unknown in several Polystachy may, at first, seem like one species, and past pteridologists, who of the freak forms of pteridophyte always had an eye for the curious, not structure which occasionally occur, infrequently collected herbarium such as frond forking in ferns, but have specimens for several Equisetum no real evolutionary significance. But species (right). I have personally with polystachy in Equisetum this is encountered it in the field on only three not so, for it is the re-occurrence of a occasions in half a century of horsetail very ancient trait once present more study. In North Wales and widely in early Equisetalean ancestors, Northumberland it occurred in for example the Carboniferous Equisetum palustre and, in the Canary horsetail Palaeostachya pedunculata Islands, I saw E. ramosissimum doing (opposite). It is also fundamentally a the same thing. However, in herbaria I simpler structure for the plant to can remember seeing it also in achieve than is the more normal form specimens of E. fluviatile and of growth. For in all Equisetum, E. sylvaticum, as well as quite iteration and reiteration of structure is frequently in E. palustre. the norm, with the growing apex CAUSES? producing repeated vegetative nodes, Observation in the field gives some then switching (usually suddenly and clues to this. The occurrence of irrevocably) to production of fertile polystachy is, I think, basically a whorls instead (each whorl of which is genetic trait to which certain colonies the exact homologue of a vegetative of Equisetum are particularly pre- Polystachy in one - Page 1972). In modern disposed. However, this does not rule Equisetum sylvaticum Equisetum, when the main shoot 98 Pteridologist 4, 4 (2005) NEWS 8/.. COMMENT switches growth modes, a similar switch is normally suppressed in the side shoots. and my inference is that it Ferns on the is more advanced to be able to instruct Isle of Skye different shoots to behave differently M ike Taylor than it is to allow the m all to follow the ,/ same general pattern. Supporting this \Vl'stll'a , Kyleakin, view is tha t fossil Equisetaleans exist Isll' of Skye, IV41 8PH I , in which multiple cones on all of the Since moving to Skye in 1991 I ,( axes (ma in and lateral) appear to be the have been studying the norm. and such fossils occur at least as distribution of fems on the ( far back as the Carboniferous, if not Island and have consnucred a J the Devonian ! websire www.skyefems.co.uk to ( \, 1 record my findings. \ I Today polystachy would seem to \ be an occasional throwback to this Druery, in Book of British Ferns very ancient growth habit, reviving a (1902) records that a 1-Ir Puller ) ) particularly ancient growth pattern. found a variety of lady fern on There may be much we can yet learn the Island in 1864 which was I named 'Pnllerii'. It is described I from the careful study of such unusual and exciting occasional individuals. as a pinnate form with short \ rounde d pinnules iJ la 'Frizelliae', but closer. If any ,, REFERENCE Page C.N. (1972). An interpretation of member has this variety growing the morphology and evoluton of the in their garden I would like a cone and shoot of Equisetum. J. Linn. photograph to include on my ! Soc. Bot. 65: 359-397. web site. Also Clapham. Tutin & .I , ! Warburg. Flora of the British I Isles 2nd edition (1962) states that Cystopteris m01ltana is present on Skye. I have not been able to trace the source of rhis record. so if any reader can Palaeoslachya throw any light on it I would be pednnculata J ohn Ray and hi ~ Equ isetu m '" pnlu stre ' pelystachion ' (1724) most grateful. Thvrsopferts elegans Frank M cGa.viga n Endemic to the Juan Fernandez Islands off Chile. this beautiful fem is seriously threatened in the wild. Its frost tolerance and general hardiness are as yet unknown in this country. A number of specimens were recently distributed to interested fem lovers by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and it would be good to know over the next year or two how they are surviving British conditions. Plants apparently grow best in moist but well-drained humus. If you own this fem please keep a track of its progress and send a brief account periodically to me at [email protected]. In due course I will produce a summary of our experiences. Ptcridologist 4, 4 (2005) 99 NEWS & COMMENT What happened to Asplenium fontanum in Britain? Alastair C.
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