The Parts of Speech
Noun Verb Preposition Pronoun Adverb Conjunction Adjective Interjection
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Noun A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Types of Nouns
1. Proper 2. Common
3. Abstract 4. Concrete
5. Collective
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Proper Noun
• A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing.
• Ex. – Kay, Miami, White House
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Common Noun
• A common noun is the name of an ordinary noun.
• Ex. – city, woman, building, shoe
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Abstract Noun
• An abstract noun names a quality, a characteristic, or an idea. • Ex. – beauty, strength, love, courage
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Concrete Noun
• A concrete noun names an object that can be perceived by the senses.
• Ex. – hat, desk, book, box
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Collective Noun
• A collective noun names a group.
• Ex. - crowd, team, class
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Possessive Case
• The possessive case of a noun or a pronoun shows ownership or relationship.
• Ownership Relationship Alice Walker’s poetry Crowfoot’s family the student’s suggestions five dollars’ worth your opinion my grandparents
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Possessive Case
1. To form the possessive of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an –s. ex. The senator’s comments player’s turn
2. To form the possessive of a plural noun ending in –s, add only the apostrophe. ex. Girls’ team the winners’ trophy Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Possessive Case
3. Do not use an apostrophe with possessive personal pronouns or with the possessive pronoun whose.
INCORRECT We thought the top score was her’s. CORRECT We thought the top score was hers.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Possessive Case
4. To form the possessive of an indefinite pronoun, add an apostrophe and an –s.
Ex. Everyone’s vote counts equally.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Possessive Case
5. Form the possessive of only the last word in a hyphenated word, in the name of an organization or a business firm, or in a word group showing joint possession.
Ex. father-in-law’s hobby Lewis and Clark’s expedition
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Pronoun
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
• Ex. – Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He will return them tomorrow.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Types of Pronouns
• Personal • Reflexive • Intensive • Relative • Interrogative • Demonstrative • Indefinite
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st I, me, my, mine we, our, ours, us Person
2nd you, your, yours you, your, yours Person
3rd he, his, him they, their, theirs, them Person she, her, hers it, its
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Antecedent
• The word that a pronoun stands for is called the antecedent.
• In the preceding example, Angelo is the antecedent of he, and hammer and nails are the antecedents of them.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns
• A reflexive or intensive pronoun is created when the suffix –self or –selves is added to the appropriate personal pronouns. 1. Reflexive (The pronoun stands alone.) Ex. Carmen hurt herself. 2. Intensive (The pronoun is next to another noun or pronoun.) Ex. Carmen herself was not hurt. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Relative Pronoun
• A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause.
Who Which Whose That Whom
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Interrogative Pronouns
• An interrogative pronoun introduces a question.
Who Which Whom What Whose
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Demonstrative Pronouns
• A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
• The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those.
• Ex. This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Indefinite Pronouns all either much other another everybody neither several any everyone nobody some anybody everything none somebody anyone few no one someone anything many nothing something both more one such each most
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Indefinite Pronouns
• An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, idea, or thing that may or may not be specifically named.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adjectives
• An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun.
• To modify means “to describe or make more definite”.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Articles
• A, an, and the are articles.
• Identify articles by placing an orange box around each of them.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adjectives
• Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling which one, what kind, how many.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Which one?
• This street • Those cars • First step • Last one
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 What kind?
• Brown shoes • Large animal • Narrow road • Nice person
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 How many?
• Ten boxes • Several boxes • Fewer mistakes • Many students
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adjectives
• Adjectives usually precede the words they modify.
• Ex. The wild and graceful deer ran through the forest.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adjectives
• For emphasis, however, adjectives are sometimes placed after the words they modify.
• The deer, wild and graceful, ran through the forest.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adjective Suffixes
• Common adjective suffixes include:
-able (tolerable) -en (wooden) -ible (possible) -ful (thankful) -ate (desolate, separate) -less (hopeless) -esque (picturesque) -some (lonesome) -ous
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Prepositions
• A preposition is a word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.
• Think about the squirrel and the tree!!!!
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Prepositions
About at but (concerning) Above before by Across behind concerning After below down Against beneath during Along beside except Amid besides for Among between from Around beyond in
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 More Prepositions into since until like through unto of throughout up off to upon on toward with over under within past underneath without
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Conjunctions
• A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
• There are three kinds of conjunctions: 1. coordinating conjunctions 2. correlative conjunctions 3. subordinating conjunctions
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Coordinating Conjunctions
• A coordinating conjunction connects words or groups of words used in the same way.
and or yet but nor so for
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Correlative Conjunctions
• Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way. *Both . . . and *Either . . . or *Neither . . . nor *Not only . . . but *Whether . . . or Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Subordinating Conjunctions
• A subordinating conjunction begins a subordinate (dependent) clause and connects it to an independent clause.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Subordinating Conjunctions after because since although before so that as even though than as if how that as much as if though as though in order that unless as well as provided until
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 More Subordinating Conjunctions when whenever where wherever whether while why
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Verbs
• A verb is a word used to express action or a state of being.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Forms of Be
• There are eight forms of the verb –BE.
am was be is were been are being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Linking Verbs am appear grow seem taste is become look smell turn are feel remain sound was stay were be been being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Verb Phrases
• A verb phrase consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb. As many as three helping verbs may precede the main verb.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Helping Verbs am could do have can will is would did has may shall are should does had might was must were be been being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Action Verbs
• Action verbs fall into two categories:
1. Transitive
2. Intransitive
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Transitive Verbs
• A transitive verb is an action verb that takes an object (a word that tells who or what receives the action. The object is either a noun or pronoun.)
Ex. Everyone (in the school) cheered the football team. **To find the object, ask who? or what? after the verb.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Intransitive Verbs
• An intransitive verb is an action verb that does not take an object.
• Ex. The gorilla smiled. Suddenly, the child next door screamed.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adverbs
• An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adverbs
• Most adverbs end in –ly. • Common adverbs include:
no very still not almost too never always well n’t
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Adverbs
• An adverb may tell how, when, where, or to what extent (how often or how much). Ex. She drives carefully. (tells how she drives) She drives early and late. (tells when) She drives everywhere. (tells where) She can almost drive. (tells to what extent) She drives daily. (tells how often)
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994 Interjection
• An interjection is a word that expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.
• Examples: Oh! My goodness! Hurry!
• Interjections are followed by an exclamation point. (!) Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994