August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24285

By Mr. LEGGETT (for himself, Mr. Page 52, line 14, strike out "a judge desig­ ing of communications is being conducted DON H. CLAUSEN, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. nated pursuant to section 103" and insert in on behalf of a foreign power and in viola­ MCCLOSKEY, and Mr. JOHNSON · of lieu thereof "a judge having jurisdiction tion of the laws of the United States, the California) : under section 103". President shall- H. Con. Res. 679. ·concurrent resolution to Page 55, beginning ·on line 19, strike out ( A) so inform the chairman and ranking prohibit commercial fishing on the Klamath "shall be retained" and all that follows down minority member, or, in his discretion, the and Trinity rivers of California; jointly, to through line 22 and insert in lieu thereof members, of the Permanent Select Com­ the ComMittees on Interior and Insular Af­ "shall be retained for a period of at least ten mittee on Intelligence of the House of Repre­ fairs, and Merchant Marine and Fisheries. years from the date of the application and sentatives and the Select Committee on In­ shall be stored at the direction of the Attar- . telligence of the Senate; ney General under security procedt.res ap­ (B) except as provided under paragraph PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS proved by the Director of Central Intel11- (2), so inform any individual believed to gence.". be a particular target of such intercepting Under cia use 1 of rule XXII, Page 58, line 16, strike out "Special Court" of communications in order that such in­ Mr. RHODES introduced a bill (H.R. and insert in lieu thereof "court". dividual may take such precautions as such 13739) for thJ relief of the J. R. Norton Co., Page 58, beginning on line 17, strike out individual considers advisable; and which was referred to the Committee on the "Unless all the judges of the Special Court (C) except as provided under paragraph Judiciary. are so disqualified, the" and insert in lieu (2), so inform the Ambassador or Charge thereof "The". d'Affairs or other principal representative of Page 58, line 23, strike out "Special Court" such foreign .power to the United States, AMENDMENTS and insert in lieu thereof "court". inform such Ambassador or Charge d'Affairs Page 58, line 25, strike out "Special Court" or other princioal represent'ttive that such Under clause 6 of the rule XXIII, pro­ intercepting of communications is illegal posed amendments were submitted as and insert in lieu thereof "court". Page 59, line 7, strike out "Special Court" under the laws of the United States, and follows: and insert in lieu thereof "court". request that such intercepting of communi­ Page 59, line 24, strike out "Special Court cations be ceased immediately. H.R. 730~ of Appeals" and insert in lieu thereof (2) The President shall not be required to By Mr. McCLORY: "United States court of appeals". comply with the provisions of subparagraph (Substitute for the committee amendment Page 60, line 11, strike out "Special Court .(B) or (C) of paragraph (1) in any case in to the title.) of Appeals" and insert in lieu thereof "court which the President certifies in writing to -Amend the title so as to read: "A bill to of appeals" . . the Permanent Select Committee on Intelli­ prescribe procedures for the use of electronic Page 60, line 17, ·strike out "Special Court" gence of the House of Representatives and surveillance within the United States for the and insert in lieu thereof "court". the Select Committee on Intelligence of the purpose of obtaining foreign intelligence. in­ Page 60, line 18, strike out "Special Court Senate that to comply with the provisions formation.". of Appeals" and insert in lieu thereof "court of such subparagraph would cause serious -Page 41, line 2, strike out "the Special of appeals". damage to the na tiona! security of the Court having ~urisdiction under section 103" Page 60, line 24, strike out "Special Court" United States. and insert in lieu thereof "a United States and insert in lieu thereof "court". -Page 62, strike out lines 16 through 25. district court". Page 60, line 25, strike out "Special Court And redesignate the following sections Page 41, line 8, strike out "Special Court" of Appeals" and insert in lieu thereof "court accordingly. and insert in lieu thereof "court". of appeals". -Page 63, line 2, strike out "semiannual" Page 41, strike out llne 13 and all that fol­ Page 61 , beginning on line 7, strike out and insert in lieu thereof "quarterly". lows down through line 2 on page 44 and "Special Court or Special Court of Appeals" -Page 64, line 23, insert ", where appro­ insert in lieu thereof the following: and insert in lieu thereof "district court or priate" after "damages". JURISDICTION cqurt of appeals". Page 61, line 11, strike out "Special Court H.R. 12931 SEc. 103. (a) The United States district of Appeals" and insert in lieu thereof "court By Mr. HARKIN: courts shall have jurisdiction to receive ap­ of appeals" . Page 68, beginning on line 14, strike out plications for court orders under this title -Page e2, after line 15, insert the ,following "the designation of the chief judges pur­ and to issue orders under section 105 of this new subsection: suant to section 103 of this Act" and insert title. (1) (1) Notwithstanding any other provi­ in lieu thereof "such date of enactment". (b) Proceedings under this title shall be sion of this title, whenever the President -Page 22, line 17, immediately after the conducted as expeditiously as possible. If has reason to b·elieve that, ·based upon in­ comma insert "or for any government which any application to the United States district formation obtained through an electronic engages in a consistent pattern of gross vio­ district court is denied, the court shall record surveillance under this title or otherwise, lations of internationally recognized human the reasons for that denial, and the reasons an individual who has diplomatic immunity rights including torture or cruel, inhuman for that denial shall, upon the motion of the conferred by the United States is, within or degrading treatment or punishment, pro­ party to whom the application was denied, the United States, intercepting by electronic longed detention without charges, or other be transmitted under seal to the United means the communications of individuals in flagrant denial for the right to life, liberty, States court of appeals. · the United States and that such intercept- and the security of the person,".

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CZECHOSLOVAKIA ANNIVERSARIES aggressive policies of Hitler. After World stilled in the hearts of freedom -loving War II, democracy was restored to Czechs and Slovaks. Czechoslovakia. It proved to be short­ Unfortunately, these welcome changes HON. MARIO BIAGGI lived, however, and 30 years ago, the were looked upon with great alarm by OF NEW YORK Communists seized power, placing the leaders of the Soviet Union. To the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Czechoslovakia under the specter of Soviets, Dubcek's experiment in Social­ Thursday, August 3, 1978 Stalinism. i~Jt democracy was entirely too unortho­ • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, this year The restrictions and repression en­ dox, and seen as a threat to the iron­ marks several important anniversaries dured by the Czechoslovak people handed control they had maintained in the history of Czechoslovakia. Sixty seemed to be coming to an end 10 years over Eastern Europe. On August 21, years ago, following the debacle of ago, under the leadership of Alexander 1968, troops from the Soviet Union and World War I, Czechoslovakia became an Dubcek. In one of the boldest experi­ four other Warsaw Pact countries in­ independent state. She was a model ments in postwar Eastern Europe, Mr. vaded Czechoslovakia. For the third democracy, and her people looked for­ Dubcek unaertook a general liberaliza­ time this century, the dream of a free ward to a future blessed with freedom tion. He sought to establish what he and independent Czechoslovakia was and peace. Forty years ago, those dreams called "socialism with a human face." destroyed. Dubcek, and other Czechoslo­ were shattered for the first time when, During what is referred to as the vak leaders, were arrested and taken in the Munich Pact, Czechoslovakia was "Prague Spring," intellectual freedom to Moscow. There, they were forced to sacrificed in a vain attempt to stop the flowered, and once again, hope was in- sign, under duress, a communique sane-

Statements cr insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 24286 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 tioning the "temporary occupation" of of view. While I opposed the approach in District of Texas was even created­ the Czechoslovak Republic. committee, it does strike an acceptable back in August of 1958 when she went Ten years later, that "temporary oc­ middle ground in this complex issue. to work for the late Albert Thomas, who cupation" is still in effect. Russian troops Thus, employees still cannot strike, can­ at the time was the congressman who remain in Czechoslovakia in such large not bargain over pay, and cannot have represented the entire· county in which numbers that the military balance in an agency shop as they may in the pri­ Houston is located. When he died in of­ Central Europe is weighted heavily in vate sector. fice in 1966, Mary Lou stayed on as the Soviet favor. The 10 years following the On the other hand, the committee has caseworker in the office of Mrs. Lera invasion have been marked by renewed preserved for agency managers the right Thomas, who won a special election. to repression, extensive purges, and a mas­ to keep off of the bargaining table those serve during the remainder of her late sive violation of fundamental civil and prerogatives which the committee be­ husband's term. political rights. A case in point is the lieves are essential for them to manage When the Seventh District was created persecution of those who signed Char­ effectively. Specifically, a labor organi­ later that year, Mary Lou stayed on ter 77, a document demanding that zation cannot bargain with agencies again-this time as the caseworker for Czechoslovakia meet its obligations as a over: George Bush-and there was simply no signatory of the Helsinki Accord. First. Its mission, budget, internal se­ way I was about to try serving that dis­ The continued occupation of Czecho­ curity, or personnel necessary to conduct trict in 1971 without her at my side. slovakia by Soviet troops is in blatant its work; In an occupation where excellence is violation of that nation's sovereignty, Second. Its direction of its employees; a minimum job standard, Mary Lou and the right of her people to self­ Third. Its assignment of work, con­ Schwarzmann stands out as one of the determination, as outlined in articles I, tracting out, or personnel necessary to most talented, effective, and dedicated II, III, IV, and VII of the Helsinki Ac­ conduct its work; and caseworkers to be found anywhere in cord. In addition, it endangers the peace, Fourth. Those actions necessary in the government. stability, and prosperity of Europe. event of a national emergency. As a mother who raised two daugh­ Finally, it is in violation of the assur­ Further, while the bill provides that ters from infancy alone following the ances made in 1968 by the Soviets to governmentwide regulations are ne­ untimely death of her husband, and now the Czechoslovak people that the troops gotiable, it permits the Federal Labor as a proud grandmother of five, Mary would be withdrawn as soon as· the situ­ Relations Authority to make them non­ Lou stands out as a symbol of love and ation "normalized." negotiable if the Government can prove determination. On this, the lOth anniversary of the a "compelling need" for uniformity in all As someone you would just like to invasion, Czechs and Slovaks in their agencies. Under this arrangement, the know, have as a friend, and simply be own country and in exile are demanding Government could not remove an issue around-Mary Lou is a rare prize. a withdrawal of Soviet troops. Their from the bargaining table by merely is­ No; she is not retiring this year. This views are outlined in a document known suing a regulation. is no goodbye speech or anything like as Petition '78. I salute their efforts, and Were an amendment to narrow the that. It is just a good time for my con­ assure them that they have the support scope of bargaining approved by the stituents and I to pause for a moment of the American Congress and the House, an agency with an innocuous reg­ and give our sincere thanks to a won­ American people in their struggle for ulation that each of its male employees derful lady for giving us so much of her freedom and independence.o must wear a tie while on official duty life.e could invoke that regulation to bar the LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS issue from negotiation with an employee TEXTILE INDUSTRY MERITS FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYEES representative. PROTECTION Mr. Speaker, title VII of H.R. 11280 strikes a careful and judicious approach HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY to labor management relations in the HON. WILLIA~ S. COHEN OF MISSOURI Federal sector. The issues over which OF MAINE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employees may. bargain are already mod­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 3, 1978 est and very limited. The committee, Thursday, August 3, 1978 while it has not adopted the far-reaching • Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, when H.R. approach that I prefer, has adopted a e Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to 11280, the Civil Service Reform Act of position which moves slightly beyond ex­ address a grave national problem, that 1978, is considered by the House, I under­ isting practice. of textile imports. Pending before this stand that an amendment may be offered I urge my colleagues to support the Congress is legislation, H.R. 10853, of which would significantly narrow the which I am a cosponsor, which would in­ scope of issues over which employees may committee position on labor-manage­ ment relations and to oppose any crip­ sure that the United States does not pur­ bargain with agency management. My sue the dangerous policy of lowering tar­ views on title VII in general were ade­ pling amendments which may be offered on the floor of the House.e iffs on imported textiles and apparel at quately expressed in supplemental views a time when the domestic industry is of myself, Mr. FoRD of Michigan, Mr. most in need of protection. HEFTEL, Mr. MICHAEL 0. MYERS, Ms. Textile imports have risen dramati­ SCHROEDER, Mr. SOLARZ, and Mr. CHARLES MARY LOUISE SCHWARZMANN, A cally in the past 6 monhts. This wave of H. WILSON of California, which are a part DEDICATED LADY foreign goods has already had a negative of the committee report (95-1403) of the impact on the national economv. In my bill. I do, however, want to support the own State of Marine, unemployment balanced approach which the committee HON. BILL ARCHER among textile workers is about twice took in dealing with scope of bargaining OF TEXAS that of workers in other areas of the in title VII. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES' economy. Originally, title VII of the bill provided Thursday, August 3, 1978 The.textile industry is highly competi­ that employees could bargain over every­ tive. Firms in my district invest millions thing except that which is prohibited by ~ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I would each year, more than half their annual law-pay, money-related fringe benefits, like to share with my colleagues an event revenue, in efforts to diversify and mod­ retirement, and so forth. The adminis­ that is very special to me and to the resi­ ernize their mills and plants. The fol­ tration wanted to retain, for all practical dents of the Houston area. lowing article from Industry Week, purposes, the existing practice which This week marks the 20th anniversary which I ask to be reprinted in the REc­ hearings before the Subcommittee on of service of Mrs. Mary Louise Schwarz­ ORD, indicates that this willingness to in­ Civil Service conclusively demonstrated mann to the people of our city as the novate is not unique to the Maine mills, was overly narrow, management­ chief caseworker in my office and those but is rather a feature of textile com­ oriented, confusing, and antiquated. of my three immediate predecessors. panies across the Nation. The committee wisely adopted a bal­ Actually, Mary Lou's assistance to It would be catch-22 indeed if we anced approach to these divergent points Houstonians began before the Seventh managed our trade policies to the detri- August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24287 ment of those domestic sectors which by 1990. Additionally, the "ripple effect" of travel, does not create undue fashion risk," have shown a desire, but not the means, lost jobs in supplier industries, such as fibers, comments Prof. Arthur Price, director, Tex­ and less spending by those out of work could tile Dept., Fashion Institute of Technology to reach the peak of economic efficiency. mean more than 2 million jobs lost by 1990. (FIT), New York. To Prof. Price, the next 22 Maintaining present tariff levels for im­ (Some 300,000 to 400,000 textile and apparel years should see the U.S. textile industry be­ ported textiles is not an expensive fun­ jobs have been lost to imports over the las-: come a net exporter, "as the industry becomes eral ·payment for dying industry, but decade.) more capital-intensive, and as the develop­ rather a shot-in-the-arm for a vigorous Imports to date have captured some 10 ing nations become less competitive labor­ and promising sector experiencing acute percent of the domestic textile and apparel wise." pressures from subsidized foreign goods. market. Mr. McGuinness adds, and with a CUSTOMIZED PRODUCTS I believe that if my colleagues were to 50 percent reduction in tariffs, that penetra­ Just as U.S. industry led in the develop­ consult the following article, they would tion could grow to 30 percent by 1985. ment of mass production, it also will lead Another dire forecast: Kurt Salmon Asso­ in the trend to customized production. "The be inclined to concur. ciates Inc., a New York textile and apparel world of the future will apply the computer The article follows: consulting firm, predicts that under present to production in order to have an infinite DO TEXTILES FACE A FRAYING FUTURE? trade policies, imports of textiles and ap­ variety of automated, custom products for (By Vivian C. Pospisil) parel could grow 140 percent by 1990, captur­ everybody," asserts Samuel Wolpert, presi­ ing 35 percent of domestic consumption. During the next 22 years, the U.S. textile dent of Predicasts. Although imports are battering U.S. man­ The ability to customize production and industry wlll face challenges that promise ufacturers, observers believe the textilP. in­ to dwarf the 12 labors of Hercules. Imports to change direction quickly will be partic­ dustry wlll be able to compete if it can re­ ularly important to the textile and apparel of textiles and apparel, particularly from duce the number of stages in textile produc­ developing nations, pose the most substan­ industries. In mass-produced fabrics, says tion through automation, and thus reduce Mr. Wolpert, "the developed world just tial threat to the entire fiber/textile/apparel labor costs. For example, more computer con­ industrial complex, the nation's largest trol of production, increased use of filament doesn't have a chance against developing manufacturing employer. Expenditures re­ yarns to avoid yarn spinning, and faster countries." quired to meet cotton dust, noise, and ef­ growth in nonwoven fabric technology­ Another plus for U.S. producers: In the fluent standards could severely constrain which circumvents traditional weaving and next 20 years, mills will continually increase capital spending for productivity improve­ spinning processes altogether- may help to productivity so that by the year 2000, textile ments. Energy shortages may impact petro­ offset foreign competition. manufacture will be at least 50 percent more chemical-based manmade fibers, a vital raw Apparel, the major user of textiles, con­ productive in terms of yards of fabric pro­ material, as well as the basic textile manu­ fronts a less optimistic prognosis for auto­ duced per employee, says North Carolina facturing process. mation. Whereas labor costs in the textile State's Dr. Chaney. The industry, however, like the mythologi­ industry represent 10 percent to 15 percent The challenge lies in finding a method to cal strong man, boasts considerable muscle, of the cost of the final product, in the ap­ make a variety of fabrics from the same especially its technological leadership, parel industry labor represents 33 percent o1 machine by making simple adjustments, which will enable it to overcome many of cost of a garment. "Garment concentration while at the same time increasing machinery these obstacles. The textile industry should will settle in areas where labor costs are low," speed. Apparel manufacturers, for example, would prefer buying 2,000 yd. rather than expand to the year 2000, but at something observes James Rumsey, Monkman Rumsey, less than a robust pace. The industry's his­ Wilmington. Del., fiber and textile industry 100,000 yd. of fabric to make a pilot run on a garment, explains consultant Mr. Rumsey. torical 4.5 percent annual growth rate will consulting firm. "The United States will just drop to about 3.2 percent, projects Predi­ have to put up with more and more imports." At present the textile industry is not geared Inadequate research has been devoted to to run such short yardages. casts Inc., a Cleveland economic research More flexibility also will help the industry firm. reducing the labor costs of apparel, b~lieves The import situation would be worse were Dr. David Chaney, dean, School of Textiles, become more market-oriented. "There wlll North Carolina State University, Raleigh. be much more emphasis in the future on it not for the Multifiber Arrangement producing what the market demands, rather (MFA), an agreement among 50 nations that "Tn an industralized country like ours, we've than 'let's make what w~ can make best and sets the pattern for bilateral trade pacts. As either got to succeed in making apparel by less labor-intensive methods, or else we've hope that somebody wants it,'" notes Fred now composed, the MFA permits an average Fortess, director of textile and apparel combined growth rate in imports of textiles got to transfer the apparel industry into those areas of the world where labor is low­ research, Philadelphia College of Textiles & and apparel into the U.S. of 6 percent per Science. year. The combined U.S. textile and apparel cost." industries' growth rate, however, is only 3 A likely development over the next 22 As they become more market-oriented, percent per year. years: U.S. makers of apparel will move more textile manufacturers will increasingly gear The situation promises to unravel still of their operations overseas or enter into joint their production to home furnishings, a further. Some 18 of the U.S. textile industry's ventures with foreign manufacturers to take market in which some companies already bilateral trade agreements expire this year, advantage of cheaper labor. It is much le.ss have reaped the rewards of strong demand, including those with the four largest ex­ likely, however, that producers of textiles will particularly in carpets and rugs. Burlington, porters to the U.S.: Hong Kong, Taiwan, expand overseas, because of the high capital the nation's largest textile firm, is also the Japan, and South Korea. The industry is equipment costs. (In fact, there have been no largest producer of carpets and rugs, and pressing for greater protection under the bi­ major new textile mills built in the U. S. in these products, along with draperies, sheets, , laterals, but federal trade negotiators are nearly a decade. Capital exoenditures have plllowcases, towels, and furniture fabrics, leaning toward renewal at current levels, and gone into new production lines and modern­ now constitute about 30 percent of the firm's the future likely wUl see tariff reductions. ization of existing facilities, as well as gov­ sales. (Apparel accounts for 60 percent of sales, and industrial fabrics 10 percent.) Textile companies are equally concerned ernment-mandated controls for air, water, and noise pollution. Recently, however, Bur­ J. P. Stevens & Co. Inc., New York, the about the entry of developing nations into second-largest textile company, also derives textile production and export. Many of these lington announced plans to bulld a $30 mil­ lion denim weaving plant in Stonewall, Miss.) about a third of its sales from home furnish· countries, such as Mainland China, are not ings. covered by bilaterals, and, notes Peter Mc­ By the year 2000, the various fiber, textile, and apparel manufacturing processes will be The apparel market now consumes about Guinness, director, Market Research & Eco­ nomic Analysis Dept., Burlington Industrie;, concentrated in those countries where man­ 42 percent of all textile fibers, the home fur­ Inc., New York, imports from those count:ies ufacturing costs are lowest. Developed na­ nishings market 30 percent and t}?.e indus­ are swelling at a faster rate than shipments tions, like the U.S., will manufacture and ex­ trial market 24 percent. (The remainder is from countries covered by agreements. port more manmade fiber and yarns, non­ exported.) By the year 2000. some industry woven textiles, and higher-quality, fashion­ observers believe, home furnishings will be Developing nations tend first to ~et up oriented fabrics. "America will be much more the largest textile market in terms of fiber industries for their basic needs-food, clo~h­ of an exporter 20 years from now," predicts consumed, and perhaps as a percentage of ing, and housing-he points out. "Once a Don Gay, president, Don Gay & Associates domestic production. Predicasts, for example, country gets into these industries, it looks Inc., a Clemson, S. C., textile industry con­ projects that by 1990, of a total of 16.5 billion for something to export, and textiles and sulting firm. The U. S., he believes, has an lb of fiber consumed by the textile market, apparel are commodities that it already has." energy supply situ9.tion that is as good as, home furnishings will consume 5.9 billion lb LOST .JOBS or better than, that of many of the other and apparel 5.7 billion lb. The outlook for stricter import restraints highly industrialized nations, such as Japan, "Home furnishings are not as subject to is not encouraging. The federal government and w111 have the raw materials and capacity imports," notes Robert S. Small, chairman, prefers gradual tariff reductions, by as much for fiber and nonwoven manufacturing in Dan River Inc., Greenville, S.C., who is also as 60 percent over the next eight years. particular. the current presiaent of the American Textile Burlington, in conjunction with an economic Nations with low labor costs will manu­ Manufacturers Institute Inc., Washington. forecasting firm, has run several econometric facture and export high-volume, less-style­ "Apparel will continue to take more of the simulations of industry conditions should oriented fabrics and garments, "staple kinds consumer dollar, but I think, by the same tariffs be cut in half. One finding: the loss of things where the leadtime between pro­ token, imports will take more of the apparel of some 500,000 U.S. textile and apparel jot-s duction and delivery, allowing for overseas dollar." 24288 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 Demographic trends also indicate that the natural fiber wlll at least maintain its now artificially low because the federal gov­ home furnishings may grow at a faster rate present market share, and may even increase ernment is still holding down the price of than apparel. Says Burlington's Mr. Mc­ it somewhat. petroleum, and because the market is still Guinness: "I'd expect apparel to grow in Cotton's share of the market gradually wlll enjoying the benefits of synthetic fiber over_. relation to the population"-which is ex­ decline, states North Carolina State's Dr. capacity. pected to increase at a rate of only about 1 Chaney. "It won't be rapid, unless the cotton Cotton Inc. also counters the argument that percent per year through the 1980s. dust problem suddenly looms very large, and land will increasingly be needed for food MORE HOUSEHOLDS by enforcement of very rigid dust standards production. "We're going to have a relatively The home furnishings market, on the in the plants the industry is suddenly faced modest increase in population in the U.S., so other hand, will grow in relation to house­ with a very large investment to process cot­ in terms of domestic requirements for prod­ hold formation. More dynamic growth is ton, versus the alternative of going to all ucts of the land, we're not going to see any predicted here because the post-World War man-made fibers." He notes, however, that great increase." Mr. Cox asserts. "In fact, II baby boom population is moving into its U.S. cotton interests are strong enough to we're using less land today to grow food and 30s, getting established, and looking for force a dust standard compromise if the rules fiber than we used 50 years ago, despite a homes. "They're also at a cycle in their busi­ threaten to damage the industry. tremendous increase in total output." ness careers when they are starting to make In 1977, manmade fibers represented 73 Among synthetic fibers, polyesters will more money," notes Mr. McGuinness. "So percent of all fibers consumed by the textile grow the fastest, especially over the next ten you would expect home-buying, and even industry, cotton represented 26 percent and years, since capacity already exists to handle second-home-buying-vacation homes-to wool, 1 percent. Just ten years ago, the mar­ increasmg demand. Polyester is inexpensive be very good for the next two decades." ket shares were: cotton, 50 percent; man­ to produce, and it should benefit from a The carpet and rug industry, which has made, 47 percent; and wool, 3 percent. trend toward lighter-weight fabrics. grown rapidly over the last 20 years, wlll Monkman Rumsey's Mr. Rumsey, formerly Nylon will grow more slowly ( 1 percent to begin to feel the effects of a maturing mar­ an E .I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. product 4 percent annually) but will remain the sec­ ket. However, a growing replacement market, manager, .believes that the year 2000 will see ond-largest manmade fiber family because of as well as a rebound in new housing starts cotton representing 12 percent to 16 percent its use in carpets. Olefins are growing rapidly, to the 2 million-plus level by 1980, will result of domestic textile production. "That 12 per­ particularly in furniture fabrics and indoor; in an above-average growth rate in the cent is probably the lowest limit for cotton, outdoor carpeting, and, Predicasts predicts, future, says Predicasts. since in all likelihood in some end uses 1t will be the third-largest synthetic fiber con­ A Delphi survey of carpet and rug industry will perpetually be involved." sumed by the textile industry by 1990. executives, recently conducted by Kurt Sal­ He does not see oil prices knocking the Acrylics will grow moderately, by 3 percent to mon Associates, projects an industry ship­ pins out from under syntheic fibers. But he 5 perc:mt per year, forecasts consultant Mr. ments growth rate of 3.3 % annually to the does see infiation affecting the cost of land, Gay. year 2000, a prediction the consulting firm the value of food from the land, and ulti­ The cellulosic fibers, rayon and acetate, will considers unduly pessimistic. The industry mately, the economics of growing cotton. probably lose some market share over the can comfortably ship 2 billion sq yd of car­ Dan River's Mr. Small predicts that cotton next 20 years, decreasing from about 8 per­ peting by the year 2000 (compared with ship­ will be about 15 percent to 20 percent of the cent of the textile market in 1980 to about ments of 921 million sq yd in 1976), the firm market in the year 2000, and that its prin­ 3 percent in 2000. projects. cipal use will be in blends with manmade It is unlikely that any new large-volume fibers. FIT's Prof. Price offers a dissenting opin­ fibers will explode on the market in the next ion on future textile markets: "I don't see The price and performance of synthetics 2~ years. "The spectrum, of desirable prop­ home furnishings overtaking apparel at all, will outweigh the desirable and familiar erties is pretty well covered," observes North and certainly not in the framework of the characteristics of natural fibers, both wool Carolina State's Dr. Chaney. The next two society we're now living in. Clothing is im­ and cotton, says Philadelphia College's Mr. decades will more likely see modifications of portant to our individuality. It's manifest in For tess. His forecast: the total of 12 billion present fibers. the freedoms we live under. We show our­ lb of fiber consumed today wm grow to a New specialty fibers with high-performance selves to the outside world by what we wear, minimum of 20 · billion lb in 2000. And all characteristics will be developed for the in­ and that will certainly continue." of that 8 billion lb increase will be in man­ dustrial market, says Georgia Tech's Dr. Freeston. They may emerge from liquid The U.S. is also entering a long-term trend made fibers. Cotton will maintain its present consumption level of 3 billion lb to 3 '12 crystal research which promises to yield a in which people will dress up more, he be­ fiber with "very high strength and stiffness" lieves. "It's interesting to note that the billion lb per year, he says. Dr. W. Denney Freeston, dean, School of compared with current nylon and polyester dressing-down trend occurred in a period of families, he says. high economic activity," he says. "There's Textiles, Georgia Institute of Technology, much to say for the fact that in periods of Atlanta, foresees growth in synthetics be­ KNITS VS. WOVENS low economic activity, people need to dress cause of efforts by fiber manufacturers to Another element of textile manufacturing up to make themselves feel a little bit better improve their performance. Recent successes which is highly subject to changes in tech­ about the plight they're in." include developing synthetic yarns with nology and consumer preferences is fabric Monkman Rumsey's Mr. Rumsey agrees characteristics that more closely simulate construction. The pendulum has swung that apparel will continue to be the largest those of natural fiber yarns. New air jet en­ dramatically in the last ten years-from textile market, but he also believes, as do tanglement procedures, for example, give a woven fabric to knitted fabric and back to many in the textile industry, that industrial bulky, hairy. more "natural" surface to fibers. wovens. Refinements in filament fiber and fabrics will command a larger market share, Also important, he notes, is the current knitting machinery, as well as another swing growing from their present 24 percent market work going on to develop surface finishes in coJ)sumer preferences, favor knitting to share to about 27 percent in the year 2000. that will enable synthetic fibers to transport rebound, but at a gradual rate. A wide range of fibers and end uses char­ moisture from the skin to the outer surface "There is right now an exaggerated decline acterize the industrial textile field. Fibers of a garment where it can be evaporated in knitwear," says Monkman Rumsey's Mr. are chosen not for aesthetic reasons, but ro more readily. Rumsey. "It's been caused by a superabun­ meet specific standards of strength, stability, The biggest snag to the growth of synthet­ dance of rather commodity-like goods. That'll or temt:J erature resistance (or all three) in ic fibers is potential energy shortages that reverse. The trend now is toward finer-gage such end uses as bullet-proof vests, fire-proof could affect the price and availability of pe­ knitting machinery, which means more uniforms for firemen and pilots, and various troleum feedstocks. However, notes Dr. Free­ threads to the inch and more sophisticated automotive applications such as fiberglass­ stan, "I would like to think that people will styling, and just generally a more satisfactory reinforced plastics. sooner or later wake up to the fact that the nrticle." Predicasts projects that the market for stupid thing 1s burning oil, and that putting Knitting's decline will persist for the next glass textiles in reinforced plastics will nearly it into durable applications such as polymers few years, he believes, but then will reverse. quadruple by 1990, and that the overall in­ is the logical use of oil. It should certainly By 2000, he believes, knitted textiles will dustrial textile market will grow by about be the number one priority." make up 35 percent to 40 percent of the 3 percent annually. fabric produced in the U.S. Their share to­ COTTON DISAGREES day : 30 percent. CHANGING FIBERS On another side of the fiber issue, Cotton Knitting enjoys a number of manufactur­ One of the most dynamic areas of change Inc., New York, a research and promotion ing advantages including high speeds, low in the textile industry is fibers . A former tex­ association of cotton producers, predicts­ noise, and quick changeover. "You can hook tile industry manager illustrates the point: not surprisingly-that mllls will increase a knitting machine to a computer or elec­ "I was born poor because my family had their consumption of cotton tQ 35 percent of tronic controls and change the patterns at been in the silk business. Rayon wiped silk the market by 1985, and that that percent­ will," explains North Carolina State's Dr. out. Like a dummy, I grew up and went to age should still be in effect by the year 2000. Chaney. "That's not readily done with weav­ work for a rayon company. Then nylon wiped "There will be infiation in cotton, but I ing." Knits also have a variety of dimensional us out." can't see it being more than the average oroperties including relatively stretchy or The majority view appears to be that rate" for all commodities, says David Cox, stable structures. synthetic fibers will capture an increasing Cotton Inc. vice president of economic re­ Despite knitting's production pluses, it share of textile production, although cotton search and development. At the same time, won't sweep wovens from the apparel market; industry spokesmen argue vehemently that he believes that synthetic fiber prices are personal tastes are too fl~.k:le for one to dom- August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24289 inate for long. Typical of this phenomenon A major change in textile manufacturing colleagues in Congress that on August 22, was the dramatic upsurge of doubleknits in may emerge within the next two decades two of my constituents, John Patrick the late 1960s, their saturation of the apparel from a research study sponsored by the Na­ Mullally and Mary Julia Vermette Mul­ market, and their steep decline over the 1ast tional Science Foundation at Georgia Tech. five years. Today, most shoppers prefer woven A continual process to convert polymers or lally, will be celebrating their ' golden fabrics, particularly woven textured polyes­ fiber to finished garments is possible for wedding anniversary. Married in St. ter. utilitarian apparel by the year 2000, but may Mary's Church in Mt. Morris, Mich., the "At lot of the problems with knits that be farther out for fashion apparel, says Dr. couple will be commemorating the event caused the consumer to finally reject them Frees ton. with a mass at that same church on have been eliminated," notes Burlington's Conventional methods for converting a August 13, followed by a reception at Mr. McGuinness. "However, we now have to polymer to fiber and then to yarn, fabric, and the Mount Morris Knights of Columbus walt for a period of time until the public garments involve at least six to several dozen Hall. In attendance will be numerous forgets the problems, and then reintroduce separate operations. Georgia Tech is re­ knits." searching the first process steps that could friends, guests, and relatives, including Weaving technology, however, is alsc. ad­ enable a manufacturer to assemble fibers on several of their seven sons and daughters, vanoing. New machinery processes such as a form through a nonconventional method 22 grandchildren; and one great-grand­ water jet and air jet looms wil help to in­ of entangling fibers, similar to nonwoven child. crease weaving speeds "drastically," believes manufacturing. Such a process would mean Born in Coleman, Mich., John Patrick Monkman Rumsey's Mr. Rumsey. These significant savings in both energy and labor technological improvements may reduce the Mullally graduated from Central Michi­ costs. gan University in 1923, and like six other economic advantage of knitting to the extent FAMILIAR FABRIC that knitted fabrics may be restricted to ap­ of his brothers and sisters who gradu­ plications where their properties give better Although textile companies would like to ated from CMU, became a teacher. He performance, such as in sportswear, notes funnel their profits into new processes to lower costs and improve productivity, many taught at Stanley School in Mount Mor­ Georgia Tech's Dr. Freeston. ris for 4 years, coaching both softball The fastest-growing fabric category, how­ of their dollars will be consumed in dealing ever, is neither knits nor wovens, but non­ with an old and familiar "fabric": red tape. and basketball teams in that area. Later, wovens-a broad range of fabrics generally The Occupational Safety & Health Admin­ he began selling life insurance, and soon consisting of sheet or web structures made istration has announced new cotton dust operated his own firm, Mullally Insur­ by bonding or interlocking fibers or yarns by standards that will allow .7 mg of dust per ance Agency in Mount Morris, for 20 mechanical thermal, chemical, or solvent cu meter of air in some areas of mills and years. He retired in 1970 . means. Applications include book coverings, .2 mg per cu meter in other areas. The disposable diaper linings, disposable apparel. former will be tough to attain, says Robert Mary Julia Vermette Mullally was born and carpet underlay. By 2000, consultant Mr. E. Coleman, chairman, Riegel Textile Corp., in Mount Morris. She graduated from Gay feels, their use will spread to drapes, Greenville, S.C., and the latter is "both Eastern Michigan University in 1925, upholstery, sheets, and towels. technically and economically impossible." and taught school in Birch Run and Nonwovens offer a big plus: last-paced Also impossible is the proposed 85 dB stand Mount Morris. production. A nonwoven system can produce ard for noise in the mills, he charges. Mr. Speaker, 50 years is a long time fabric at speeds of 400 or more fpm, while By 1990, "weavers especially will still be knitting produces fabric at only 5 fpm. An­ reeling from astronomical expenses incurred in anyone's book. For two wonderful peo­ other asset: Nonwovens also significantly re­ in complying with government regulations ple though, such as John Patrick Mullal­ duce the number of stages from fiber to in noise, dust, and pollution control meas­ ly and Mary Julia Vermette Mullally, I fabric. ures, although it's likely they'll get some know this milestone is especially mean­ ANOTHER LIFETIME relief on noise controls," says Walter N. Ro­ ingful. I cannot convey my sense of pride The use of nonwovens in fashion apparel zelle, associate editor, Textile World, in the 1977 and happiness for these people enough, may be more than 22 years away but, as FIT's magazine's December issue. "Govern­ ment agencies will finally decide that the and I am sure that their children, grand­ Dr. Price observes, "you have to remember children, great-grandchild, and other that the whole nonwovens industry, as any­ classical weaving system simply does not thing substantial in the marketplace, is not lend itself to massive redesign measures that relatives and friends share that pride.e more than 25 years old. What you're talking would result in wholesale reductions in about is another lifetime for this industrv." induced noise." Nonwovens will provide the impetus !or The burdens of regulatory costs will lead the integration of fiber companies into sell­ to the most significant change in the com­ OVERCROWDING IN AMERICA'S ing fabric assemblies, rather than just fiber position and character of the U.S. textile PRISONS and yarn, predicts Philadelphia College's Mr. industry in the next two decades: further Fortess, formerly director of new product consolidation of manufacturers. "The pres­ development at Celanese Corp., New York. sures that all industry is under today will HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI Textile companies, in order to protect their force more verticalization and consolida­ tion in the textile industry," observes North OF NEW YORK investment, are likely to move back into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spinning and assembling fabrics by means Carolina State's Dr. Chaney. Fewer, larger other than knitting and weaving. manufacturers will be able to contribute Thursday, August 3, 1978 Nonwovens will also represent the most more to the implementation of advanced significant technological changes in the technology. The industry overall will be­ e Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, on textile industry to the year 2000. Other come more sophisticated, more self-suffi­ July 22, an inmate riot at the Pontiac changes in procedures and processes will in­ cient, and better able to cope with economic, Correctional Center in Illinois resulted crease machinery speed and computer con­ consumer, and regulatory pressures, the in the deaths of three correction officers. trol of production lines, and reduce the in­ dean predicts. One day later, one officer and two in­ dustry's energy requirements. The trend toward verticalization will re­ quire a different breed of textile manager mates were stabbed to death at the Geor­ Both North Carolina State and Georgia gia State prison. Tech have energy conservation research proj­ in the year 2000. "You will need a manage­ ects underway in conjunction with textile ment that can look over all aspects of tex­ These recent uprisings in our Nation's companies. Georgia Tech's Dr. Freeston tile processing and integrate them," says prisons focus greater attention on one points to wet processing and drying of fabric Philadelphia College's Mr. Fortess. "Instead aspect of our criminal justice system that as the area of textile manufacturing with of 20 companies going their own way, you'll has been largely overlooked by the Fed­ the greatest potential for energy savings. have one major comoany with 20 divisions. There will be a pooling of management skills eral Government, and that is massive Thermal techniques now used to dry fabrics overcrowding in our Federal, State, and will be replaced by mechanical, nonthermal in inventory control, finance, and market­ means, he notes. Air conditioning and hu­ tng."e local prisons. midification systems needed in mills to over­ A closer look at the two facilities come problems of static electricity may be where riots occurred indicated that over­ reduced or eliminated through installation FIFTY GOLDEN YEARS FOR JOHN crowding was certainly a major contrib­ of new low-energy control systems. AND MARY MULLALLY uting factor to the disturbances. The Georgia Tech has developed a procedure Illinois prison was built in 1871 to house that allows a textile mill to reuse a dyebath 600 prisoners. It now holds nearly 2,000. some 10 to 20 times, while changing colors. HON. DALE E. KILDEE The process results in a 65 percent saving The Georgia State prison was designed OF MICHIGAN for 1,100 prisoners, but it now incarcer­ in chemicals, a 50 percent reduction in water IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES consumption, and a 30 percent cut in energy ates nearly 2,500. use. But, "that's just a stop-gap first step," Thursday, August 3, 1978 The inmate population in this country observes Dr. Freeston. "There will be more is continuing to swell with little relief in significant changes in dyeing and finishing • Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, it is with in the future.•• great pleasure that I announce to my sight. With the rise in crime over the 24290 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 past few years, the American public has cial burdens preventing the expansion of SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION AND DISCIPLINE rightfully demanded a crackdown on our correctional facilities. I urge by col­ "There were no Khmer Rouge soldiers in crime and criminals. In the last 5 years. leagues on the Judiciary Committee to the collective, although there were some sol­ the number of inmates has jumped from give active consideration to my pro­ diers in Cheng Kal. There were six ci vilia.n 204 ,000 to 278,000, an increase of 36 per­ posal, for our society must be protected. administrators: the 'Sangkat' (collective) . cent. chief, deputy collective chief, the village If we are to address ourselves tc the need chief, deputy v1llage chief a:nd the 'member' In the State of New Yorl\:, recent revi­ for an effective criminal justice system, (second deputy). At dusk, soldiers on patrol sions in that State's criminal code will then we must give increased priority to and spies (chhlop) from Cheng Kal came most likely result in the arrest and de­ this need for additional Federal, State into the v1llage to hide under the houses and tention of an increased number of law­ and local facilities. listen to what members of the family say to breakers, particularly juvenile offenders. I am confident that such a commitment each other. When the civil administrators making the adequacy of space para­ by my colleagues in Congress will prove wish to execute someone, they call for sol­ mount and making the cry for new in diers to come to the vmage. effective reducing recidivism and pre­ "At the meeting held in the village, the prison construction even greater. In New venting would-be offenders from engag­ v1llage chief usually reprimanded people York City, this space problem is particu­ ing in criminal acts. Incarceration can about their work. If you were slow, you were larly acute at the local level. once again become a major deterrent to criticized and accused of being a saboteur. Despite this skyrocketing rise in the crime.e During the meetings, you could only listen. number of prisoners, the facilities avail­ You could not criticize, suggest or propose able for confining these convicted crimi­ anything. No one would dare even to speak. nals have not kept pace. Many of the INTERVIEWS DESCRIBING LIFE IN There was an atmosphere of fear and terror CAMBODIA in the v1llage. No one dared do anything un­ institutions were built more than 50 less ordered to do so. In the family and with years ago and are grossly outdated. In extremely close friends, people would talk. many cases, two and three inmates are HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON No one had the confidence of his neighbors, squeezed into cells designed for a single OF ILLINOIS so you would not consider discussion of up­ prisoner. Overcrowding is so acute in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rising against the government. some States that officials have been "If you had a problem, such as being forced to enlist the use of trailers, tents, Thursday, August 3, 1978 bullied, or your food was taken, in principle, and warehouses to meet their needs. CD Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. you could bring it up with the village offi­ cials. In fact, people are so scared that they In my view, correctional facilities of­ Speaker, I would like to place in the REc­ do not quarrel with each other or commit fer the greatest potential for significantly ORD descriptions of life in Cambodia by crimes against each other. reducing crime. As an excorrectional of­ two Cambodian refugees, interviewed in "Most crimes are being late for work. ficer myself, I can vouch for the validity June of this year: Sometimes, if only one v111ager is late for of the deterrent factor in preventing INTERVIEWS WITH CAMBODIAN REFUGEE IN work, the v111age chief will call a meeting to crime. Simply stated, a potential crimi­ SURIN, THAILAND CONDUCTED BY AMERICAN reprimand him. The village will be criticized nal will think twice before breaking the EMBASSY OFFICER IN JUNE 1978 publicly. The third time he is late, he w111 be ACCOUNT OF MON SIEU* executed. We saw many people dragged away law if he is aware that he will be arrested to be killed. My friends have seen people and face certain incarceration. However, Man Sieu, 30, from Siem Reap Province, killed with their own eyes. Last month, one due to the lack of adequate facilities, fied to Thailand June 15 from Oddar Mean­ villager was executed for being late. judges many times grant suspended or chey Province. His account follows: "Aside from being late, the villagers are reduced sentences. Parole boards release CONDITIONS OF LIVING IN DEMOCRATIC punished for complaining about food and inmates not because they have been re­ KAMPUCHEA about the way we are fed. If the spies hear habilitated, but because there is a need "I was forced to move with 104 fam111es you complain, you are 'finished' (executed). for space. from my native Siem Reap Province to Pon­ You cannot complain about insufficiency of This "revolving door" system of justice gro collective, Cheng Kal District, Oddar food, that food is tasteless, that food doesn't Meanchey Province. I fied to Thailand June have enough salt or is badly cooked. For a must be stopped. The American people 15 this year because I could no longer en­ single such error. you can be executed. are exposed to convicted criminals walk­ dure t he persecution of the people which "We were also warned about pre-marital ing our streets because we have nowhere is common in Cambodia. sex. If you want sex, you have to get married. to incarcerate them. "In 1975-78, most of the time, we had There was no case known in our village of There is little doubt that new and bet­ enough rice to eat during the harvest season. pre-marital sex. ter prison facilities are a necessity, but The rest of the time, eating in communal "There is no such thing as 'light punish­ the poor financial condition of many of dining halls, we had rice gruel. We ate from ment' in Cambodia now. You are either a big cauldron. We rarely had enough to warned at a meeting or executed. We were our State and local governments makes eat. Salt was usually added t o the gruel never beaten; we were just executed. a Federal response to the condition of and wmetimes a fish would be thrown in, these institutions a necessity. EXECUTIONS but not very oft en. "My friend saw three villagers killed. They Too often in the past, many of our "We were required to awaken at 0400 and were taken to another collective in Cheng leaders have taken an "out-of-sight, out­ were forced to work right away without any­ Kal. Many holes had already been dug in the of-mind" attitude toward prison con­ thing to eat until noon. At noon we ate in ground. Four Khmer Rouge soldiers ordered struction because it is politically expe­ the commune and then went straight back the villagers to kneel down in front of the dient to allocate money elsewhere. to work without rest. We worked untll holes. The soldiers then hit the villagers on 1630, then had dinner . Occasionally, we the head with bamboo poles. The villagers For these reasons, I have introduced would get a second bowl of gruel at dinner. H.R. 10402, the Corrections Construction fell into the holes. After the meal,· we rested. We were not al­ "My brother Moeun was killed recently. and Program Development Act of 1978. lowed to go anywhere, except for those who Moeun was 25, formerly a monk. He was em­ Enactment of this measure would pro­ were assigned patrol duty. ployed by the Khmer Rouge as a teacher of vide Federal funds for up to 75 percent "We built our own houses, t hree by three small kids. I learned of his death from neigh­ of the cost of acquisition, construction met ers, made of poles. Each family had the bors after I arrived in Thailand. I do not and renovation of State, county and local same size house, regardless of' the number know the cause or whether it was connected of members of the family. with my flight to Thailand." prison facilities. "There was one 'revolutionary doctor,' Many State officials are under court called Boeut, in Kouk Pongro. He was an­ order to reduce overcrowding, and nearly other farmer, appointed by the village chief. INTERVIEW WITH CAMBODIAN REFUGEE IN every State has plans on the drawing Boeut had no training, bu t was simply or­ BURIRAM , THAILAND, CONDUCTED BY AMERI­ boards for new prison facilities. The dered to go to Cheng Kal from time to time CAN EMBASSY OFFICER IN JUNE, 1978 major stumbling block in building these to get herb medicine. Neither Boeut nor his ACCOUNT OF SOURCE G* much-needed correctional institutions is medicines werp effective. We had a lot of malaria, dysentery, and beriberi. Two people Source G , 31, from Koh Kong Province, was the lack of sufficient funds. recently died of diseases. There was not a a farmer before and after the Khmer Rouge Mr. Speaker, our overcrowded prisons high infant mortality rate, but fewer chil­ takeover. He arrived in Thailand in Jan­ are virtually a powder keg that could ex­ dren were born than before. There were uary, 1978. His account follows: plode into violence, riots and death at any still a lot of babies born, but the children time. The Federal Government has the are all skinny. • (The name of the individual refugee who provided this account has been exclc; ed t o obligation to see that Federal moneys • (Refugee agreed to use of his name in protect the identity of family members or are made available to alleviate the finan- public document.) friends still in Cambodia.) August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24291

CONDITIONS OF LIFE IN DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA section 7 of the act and consult with the habitat critical to their survival. Under the "From 1975 to 1978, we received 300 grams Department of Interior. Such allega­ proposed amendments, a procedure would be of rice per day for three persons. This was tions are totally unfounded. set up through which the U.S. Government seriously insufficient. Once a week, we re­ could be allowed to wipe out any species, un­ Before the snail darter was listed as der certain circumstances, that gets in the ceived a little fish and vegetables. The people an endangered species, at a point when are sick and weak from hunger and disease way of federal projects, such as highways, and can hardly work'. Dysentery, malaria and the Tellico project was some 75 percent dams or stream channelization programs. beriberi are very common. complete, TVA began frequent and in­ Opponents of the act would have us believe "We worked from 0400 to 1100, 1300 to 1800 tensive consultations with the Fish and that only obscure, "unimportant" species would be affected by these amendments, and again from 1900 to 2200. If you are tired, Wildlife Service in an effort to resolve species like the snail darter, a 3-inch minnow it is too bad. You still must work. If you do the snail darter question. These consul­ not go to work, you get only half a bowl that is threatened by the Tellico Dam being tations included biweekly reports to the built in Tennessee by the Tennessee Valley of porridge. The second or third time you service and TVA's prompt compliance Authority. In fact, all species-including do not go to work, you are killed. For other with information requests made by the snail darters-are important links in the offenses, fighting, killing, etc., it depends service. Those consultations are con­ chain of life and are essential if nature's deli· on the seriousness. You may be reprimanded cate balance and the earth's life-support once, then killed." tinuing today. On June 23 of this year, S. David systems are to remain .in tact. \Vha t is actually SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION AND DISCIPLINE Freeman, Chairman of the TVA's Board involved here is virtually all endangered "My village had 2,000 persons. It was of Directors and a man whose views re­ wildlife whose habitat is threatened by gov­ headed by a village chief. Occasionally, I saw garding Tellico differ substantially from ernment boondoggles. three or four soldiers pass through the vil­ Moreover, not even the pork-barrel lobby lage. There were no other cadres, and re­ those held by past TVA leadership, ap­ has beep able to make a valid case that the cently there were no spies (chhlop). Despite peared before the Subcommittee on act is inflexible and needs changing to allow the few Khmer Rouge around, no one dares Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the such projects to go forth. Clearly, it is pre­ revolt. There is no outside support, so it is Environment during its oversight hear­ rna ture and unnecessary to amend the act impossible. Friends speak secretly of the ings on the Endangered Species Act. In now when there is no compelling reason to situation, but if you are overheard, you are his prepared statement, Chairman Free­ do so. Of the approximately 5,200 potential or killed. actual conflicts that have arisen between fed­ man noted that TVA had been cooper­ eral projects and endangered species under "At the meetings held every ten days, the ative with the Department of Interior. village chief only says, 'You must work hard­ the act, all but one have been resolved, er.' There is nothing else. No news, only, 'You Further, when questioned about the con­ usually administratively, through negotia­ must work.' We could not criticize or make cern expressed by some that TVA had tion, modification or compromise. For exam­ suggestions. No one dares for fear of being not been cooperating, he replied that he ple, a lawsuit by conservationists forced the killed. No one even dares bring up a problem didn't think anyone, including the De­ Federal Highway Administration to reroute with the Khmer Rouge." partment of Interior, could dispute the an interstate highway around, instead of fact that "* * * TVA was fully cooper­ through, the last refuge for the 40 or so Mis­ EXECUTIONS sissippi sandhill cranes remaining in the "The Khmer Rouge have killed soldiers, ative." wild. As a. result, and because of the Endan­ police, and officials of the former regime, as Many other charges, both false and gered Species Act, we now have both a high­ well as students, teachers and even busine~s misleading, have been leveled again·st way and sandhill cranes in Mississippi. people. This began in 1975 and has continued. TVA during the Tellico controversy. I The one exception has been the TV A's It has intensified recently, as the regime is have addressed only one here. However, Telllco Dam, a situation in which the TVA trying to root out all those tainted by the I would like to draw my colleagues' at­ adamantly refused to consult with the In­ former regime. tention to the following piece which ap­ terior Department as required by the act "I have not seen actual killings, but I peared in the Washington Post on July and negotiate a compromise that would not regularly saw people tied up and led away. destroy the snail darter. There has, thus, They disappeared and we all believed that 11, 1978, and which outlines some of the never been an instance of good-faith con­ they were killed. Of a former population in allegations which have been made. I sultation under the act t hat did not result my village of 2,000, I estimate that 300 would then like to refer my colleagues in an accept able solution being found. The former soldiers were killed and more than to the "Letter to the Editor" by former now-famous (or infamous) dam is a largely 100 children died of starvation. About 1.000 TVA Board Chairman Aubrey J. Wagner worthless project that could not be justified remain of the 2.000. in last Friday's Post. Mr. Wagner ably even if there were no snail darters involved. "Seven members of my family were k1lled rebuts those allegations. This letter also In fact, the project's concrete, labor and by the Khmer Rouge, two brothers-in-law follows: earthwork amount to less than 20 percent and five cousins. The brothers-in-law were of the widely touted $119-m1llion figure. former officials, the five cousins, four of whom ENDANGE~ED SPECIES : THE PORK-BARREL The dam was never intende:l to generate were males, were young members of the FACTOR any significant amount of power, and w111 mobile work groups. They worked hard but (By Lewis Regenstein) not do so. Most of the money has gone to occasionally would rest and talk. The Khmer The Post's June 19 editorial "The Darter forcibly buy up and to build road improve­ Rouge spies (chhlop) overheard them. I saw and the Dam" is based on, and repeats, the ments for future development of the rich them tied up and taken away. After that, same false and misleading information being farm land surrounding the dam, 25.000 they 'disappeared'." so widely spread by the opponents if the En­ acres of which will be destroyed if the dam gates are closed, alon~ wit'IJ. ma.1or Indian HUMAN CiVIL AND POLITiCAL RIGHTS dangered Species Act. The Senate is expected to vote this week archeQlogical sites, a beautiful river valley, "You cannot say there is a system of jus­ on amendments to gut and cripple the En­ the finest trout stream in the Southeast tice in Cambodia. There are no human rlghts. dangered Species Act. Those amendments and the last free-flowing stretch of the Lit­ There are no courts. We had no idea about would place in jeooardy the future survival tle Tennessee River. the central government. You can only pray not just of the snail darter but also countless If the fertile farmland-much of it to Buddha." e other rare and endangered species, including forcibly seized from its owners-were de­ the whooping crane, grizzly bear, California veloped or returned to agricultural pur­ sea otter, Mississippi sandhill crane, northern poses, almost all of the cost of the project Rocky Mountain timber wolf, Florida sea cow could still be recovered. As Sen. Gaylord ENDANGERED SPECIES: THE PORK­ (manatee), spotted owl, Bachmann's warbler Nelson (D-Wis.) pointed out in opposing BARREL FACTOR and many other types of imperiled wildlife, these amendments, TVA itself admits that including whales, dolphins, and even the the value of farm production could reach Asian elephant, threatened by a habitat de­ $52 million a year versus an estimate:i $3 HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN struction project of the Agency for Interna­ million from hydroelectric power. TVA and OF TENNESSEE tional Development. the Interior Department are now working IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The amendments to the Endangered Spe­ to~ether to work out a plan that wlll solve cies Act that are being pushed, including this problem. Thursday, August 3, 1978 those introduced by Sens. Howard Baker (R­ If the Supreme Court's Tell1co Dam de­ • Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr. Tenn.) and John Culver (D-Iowa), and an cision has the result of slowing down the even worse one sponsored by Sen. John Sten­ pork-barrel lobby and the construction of Speaker, the continuing controversy sur­ nis (D-Miss.) , would seriously weaken Sec­ such wasteful and inflationary projects, it rounding the Endangered Species Act tion 7 and cut the heart out of the act. Sec­ would be the best thing tha,t could happen and its application in the Tellico Dam tion 7 prohibits agencies of the U.S. govern­ for the American taxpayer· and for the fight case has led many, including some of my ment from taking actions that would wipe against inflation. colleagues, to charge the Tennessee Val­ out endangered species and from funding or -Most Americans wan to see their pre­ ley Authority with failure to comply with authorizing projects that would destroy cious wildlife heritage preserved for future 24292 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 generations so that their children can see NOT A BLACK-WHITE ISSUE "He should learn discipline or not continue what a bear or crane looks like-as well as in his post." e a highway. The decisions Congress is now making on amending the act could well HON. LARRY McDONALD determine whether much of our wildlife survives or disappears forever into OF GEOB.GIA extinction. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOUSE FRANKING RULE UNINTEN­ Thursday, August 3, 1978 TIONALLY RESTRICTS 96 MEM­ TVA, THE TELLICO PROJECT AND ENDANGERED BERS MORE THAN OTHER MEM­ SPECIES • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, many BERS Lewis Regenstein's op-ed article [ "Endan­ well meaning persons have contacted me gered Species: The Pork-Barrel Factor," relative to proposed impeachment ac­ July 11] errs at several points concerning tion against Andrew Young, asserting HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER TVA's Tell1co project. ·that it was a racially motiv•ated action. OF WISCONSIN TVA did not "adamantly refuse" to consult Nothing could be further from the truth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with Interior about the snail darter. There In fact, among the Members supportive Thursday, August 3, 1978 were early and continuing staff consultations. of such action, I have never heard that TVA was interested in ·saving the darter and motive mentioned or even inferred. This e Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, as the the project, which was half complete befOre . motive has even been termed a "Ku Klux chief sponsor of a tax proposal, I find the darter was discovered. So we transplanted Klan" mentality. Well, it is interesting myself in the middle of an important it to the Hiwassee River, where it is thriving, public debate. Although I welcome this having reproduced successfully for three sea­ to learn that the Baltimore News-Amer­ ican agrees that it is Andrew Young's debate, I am chagrined to find that my sons. Interior, on the other hand, refused to capability as a legislator is considerably permit further or other transplants, their pri­ qualifications and lack o.f any capacity mary interest apparently being to stop the to serve that are in question, not his impaired by an unanticipated effect of project. color. Therefore, I am pleased to invite the franking rule we adopted on March The merits and demerits of Tell1co were the attention of my colleagues to the fol­ 2, 1977. I should note that this measure extensively debated in the region and in lowing editorial from the Baltimore can similarly handicap 95 other Mem­ Congress before construction started in 1967. News-American of July 19, 1978: bers of this body. Congress was satisfied that the project was Under the new rule, this &ession 339 good and should be completed. NoT ~ BLACK-WHITE IssuE' Members of Congress may frank a mass As to power, it will generate 200 million ". . . in the . event sometJ:rJng untoward mailing of more than 500 pieces as late kilowatt hours of electricity in an average should happen to Andy Young, the black community will walk away from the Carter as September 6, that is, up until the day year. That is enough non-polluting energy "not less than 62 days before" the elec­ from a renewable source to heat 20,000 homes administration." or enough to meet all the needs of a small The threat came from Rep. Parren J. tion in November. For the rest of us, that city. It is more than is generated at 13 of Mitchell, leader of a group of 16 blacks in mailing privilege does not exist, simply TVA's dams and less than at 16-hardly an the House of Representatives. The "some­ because our States happen to hold their insignificant amount. thing untoward," of course, would be the primary ele~tions shortly after Septem­ lqng-overdue firing of UN Ambassador An­ ber 6. For us, even if we have no primary Its flood storage would have prevented $15- drew Young for conduct unbecoming a dip­ million flood damages at Chattanooga alone lomat. contest, as is my case, no mailing of more in just one storm in 1973. Should that step take place, it would have than 500 pieces may use the congres­ As to farm land, there are between 20,000 nothing to do with the color of Mr. Young's sional frank after July 12. Rather than and 30,000 acres of idle land in the immedi­ skin, and Mr. Mitchell ought to know it. It relinquishing the frank for 62 consecu­ ate area now and have been for some time. would have everything to do with Mr. tive days before the general election, for Those are acres fur which farmers are being Young's demonstrable lack of capacity to us it is for 4 full months, or nearly half paid not to plant. The $52-million value of serve as America's spokesman at the UN. He of the session. Let me give you an idea of farm production fc'"egone that Mr. Regen­ has shown neither the talent nor the tem­ stein cites has meaning in evaluating the perament for diplomacy, and it's an insult what this rule means in my own situa­ project only if it is clear that it will not be to blacks to suggest they are any less aware tion this session. produced elsewhere and that it would, in fact, of this than whites. It's not that kind of According to several current news re­ be produced if the project were not com­ issue. ports, including an item in the August 1 pleted. That is clearly not the case in this Diplomacy is the art of conducting inter­ edition of the New York Times, people instance. In any case, the productive value of national negotia tiOJ?.S and presiding over the all over the United States are now re­ the land as a factor in the total worth of conduct of foreign affairs. Inherent in the ceiving mail telling them ''about the bad agricultural production was reflected in the practice of that art, according to dictionary prices paid for the land and taken into ac­ definitions, is a high degree of "dexterity points" of "the so-called Steiger amend­ count in cost:beneftt determinations when and tact." ment, which would cut the capital gains ectmomic justification for the project was Ambassador Young couldn't have been less tax." One of these mailings has been dis­ determined. dexterous than when he said "there are hun­ patched by the Democrati:: National To call this section of the Little Tennessee dreds, perhaps thousands of political prison­ Committee, which urges "about 800 State "the finest trout stream in the Southeast" ers" in the United States, and said so right and local party leaders * * * to get the greatly overstates the case. Trout fishing in the middle of President Carter's blasting word around." there is strictly "put and take," with trout of the Soviet Union treason trials. Several other mailings have been sent surviving only because Fontana Dam, up­ Ambassador Young couldn't have been more tactless than when he accused the by a self-styled committee of reformers stream, cools the water sufficiently for trout that calls itself "Citizens for Tax Re­ habitat. There is no natural reproduction. British of "almost inventing racism," and Most trout are caught with whole kernel yel­ President Carter's four predecessors of per­ form in 1978, Inc.,'' a committee housed petuating the invention. Certainly he sunk in suite 230, 1730 Pennsyivania Avenue low corn, the way my grandfather caught to new depths of artlessness in labeling the carp in our mill pond. There are hundreds of NW., a block from the White House. Cuban presence in Africa "a stabilizing in­ Then, too, many of my constituents are miles of streams in the nearby mountains fiuence." that, if given comparable stocking and atten­ These are the issues, Mr. Mitchell, and receiving highly one-sided reports about tion, would easlly equal or exceed as real we're sure they are as troublesome and dis­ the Steiger amendment in such regular trout streams the 8 or 10 mlles of trout water turbing to the black as the white commu­ fugitive materials as the newsletters o! that will be altered by TelUco. nity. If "something untoward" does happen the AFL-CIO and the UA W's Washing­ I heartily endorse the intended purposes of to Andy Young, it will be because Andy ton report. the Endangered Species Act. But when it is Young did not measure up to one of the As a firm believer in the intrinsic worth used to stop everything in its way regardless most demanding ambassadorial positions in of a spirited public debate, and an occa­ of its impact on man or the merits of the the world. It wm be ·because he tailed to ap­ sional practitioner of the art of self-de­ project or the costs involved, it is time to preciate the larger obligations of those who practice the art of diplomacy. fense, I have recently gone about the job amend it. There are still some worthwhile of assembling statistics and drawing up projects around. Tellico will be one of the An ambassador to another nation, or the most useful that TVA has ever built. United Nations, has to curb the temptation some great illustrations to refute these to sound. qff without thinking. As Henry several misguided though perfectly legiti­ ' AUBREY J. WAGNER, Kissinger said, Mr. Young "has to understand mate mass mailings. Chairman of the Board, that he is an ambassador of the United Then, as I prepared to go to press with Tennessee Valley Authority.e States. Steiger's response to his critics, I find to August 3; 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24293 my dismay that I may not use the frank Mr. Speaker, I commend this article Here the nearest large city is Hilo, but like to communicate even one paragraph of from the August 1, 1978, issue of the New other shoreline communities, it is usually York Times, detailing Hawaii's .contri­ covered by low-lying clouds. . my legislative defense directly to my con­ Mauna Kea and its twin summit, Mauna stituents until after November 14, long bution to the field of astronomy: Loa, crown the largest volcanic massif on after this debate and this session are ISLAND IN HAWAII Is BECOMING A WORLD earth, rising in a gentle slope more than ended. For now, while the debate is brew­ AsTRONOMY CENTER 30,000 feet from the Pacific floor. While ing, I can merely envy the majority of (By Walter Sullivan) Mount Everest stands 29,141 feet higher · our colleagues whose primary elections MOUNT MAUNA KEA, HAWAII.-Here, atop above the distant sea, its height above the are over and done, and whose ability to the most massive protruberance from the surrounding land is far less. communicate is restricted for only 62 earth's surface-the highest island moun­ The summit of Mauna Kea is a cluster tain-astronomers from four nations are de­ of barren humps of volanic debris remi­ consecutive days before the November niscent of a lunar landscape, but sometimes election. veloping one of the world's most important observation sites. in winter it is white with snow, providing the Still, there can be no question that a Its telescopes, some already in operation, Hawailans with the rare experience of skiing rule restricting some Representatives' will probe the farthest observable reaches of while their fellow islanders are swimming communications more than it restricts the universe, and, closer to home, study such off the beaches far below. A two-stage rope the communications of other Representa­ targets as the atmospheres of moons orbit­ tow is operated, as well as jeep service that ing Jupiter and Saturn in ways previously shuttles skiers back to the top. tives, however unintentionally, is a dis­ The crown jewels of the summit are three criminatory rule. If any of my colleagues beyond reach. After tests at sites around the world, many great telescopes all nearing completion. doubt the unfairness of this rule, let me astronomers have become convinced that NASA's infrared telescope, when finished assure you that when one's major legisla­ conditions for observation are better here early next year, will be operated by the Uni­ tive effort is under heavy and sustained than anywhere else in the Northern Hemi­ versity of Hawaii as a national faciilty. attack, the loss of the mailing privilege sphere. · • FRANCE-CANADA PROJECT for 4 consecutive months really is not a The summit of this volcano, 13,796 feet The chief interest of the space agency is minor matter. It can effectively impose a above the surrounding sea, is so high that to use the instrument in conjunction with silence between the Representative and clouds rarely pass overhead. Even more im­ spacecraft making observations of such tar­ the constituency. . portant, the air above is extremely dry, mak­ gets as the moons of the outer planets to ing the site ideal for infrared observations­ determine the temperatures and composi­ For the five or six members of my con­ one of the fastest growing fields of astron­ tions of their atmospheres. Infrared observa­ stituency who are regular readers of the omy. tions are also opening new vistas on cosmo­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I WOUld like to KEY TO MANY MYSTERIES logy as well as the formation of stars and point out that the franking rule prevents Infrared wavelengths-those beyond the planets. me from directly communicating to you red end of the spectrum-are strongly ab­ The primary optical telescope, in terms of the real effects and meaning of my pro­ sorbed by water vapor, but their observation expected performance, is one with a 144-lnch posed legislation. To my colleagues, I is the key to many astronomical mysteries. mirror being built as a joint project in Can­ The infrared telescope being build here at a ada, France and the University of Hawaii. submit that the new franking rule suf­ cost of $6 million provided by the National It was budgeted in 1973 at $18 million, to be ficiently restricts the informing function Aeronautics and Space Administration has a provided equally by France and Canada. of some 90 Members of Congress that for mirror 120 inches in diameter. Each of those countries, when the tele­ almost half of this session each of these Its design is much like that of an ordinary scope goes into operation some time next 90 RepresentJatives may be only half a optical telescope except that it must avoid year, will be entitled to 42 .5 percent of the Representative. The rule is not just. But exposure of the optics to any structural sur­ observing time. The University of Hawaii, in faces that might ·radiate heat-that is, en­ return for providing support fac111ties, will fortunately the injustice can be corrected use the remaining 15 percent. in a simple manner. If we change the ergy at infrared wavelengths. The site's disadvantages include winds that The largest telescope on the summit is rule by less than 7 days, every Member s·ometimes exceed 125 miles an hour and a Britain's 150-inch reflector, to be used for will have an equal chance to communi­ location bristling with cinder cones left by both optical and infrared work. It is a "bar­ cate via the frank up until September 12, past eruptions, suggesting the possibility of gain basement" instrument without the or "56 days before the date of the elec­ another. There has, however, been no vol­ precisely shaped mirror needed for distin­ tion," rather th.an "62 days." Without canic activity on this mountain for thou­ guishing tiny features. The mirror reportedly this change, 62 days really means 4 sands of years. became available after the manufacturer had months for Members representing dis­ The atmosphere is so thin that the astron­ made it as an experiment. It should be in omers do not live here and some find it diffi­ operation before the end of this year. tricts in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, cult to do profound thinking. They commute Delaware, Florida, Minnesota. Nevada, The University of Hawaii has been operat­ from a base station at 9,200 feet elevation, ing an 88-inch reflector here since 1970.e New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Is­ where they can do much of their homework. land, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, and PREPARATION FOR EARTHQUAKES Wyoming.e Finally there are occasional earthquakes, one of which has already done slight dam­ FRASER-VENTO RESOLUTION CALL­ age. The telescope mounts have been built ING FOR IMPROVED PROCEDURES HA WAH IDEAL FOR RESEARCH IN with the possib111ty of temblors in mind. FOR RESOLVING UNITED STATES­ ASTRONOMY The advantages, however, are overwhelm­ ing. The site's nearness to the Equator CANADIAN AIR POLLUTION DIS­ means that most of the southern and all of PUTES HON. CECIL (CEC) HEFTEL the northern sky, can be observed. Astrono­ OF HAWAII mers sometimes have rare conditions when HON. DONALD M. FRASER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clea . rnes~ and stab1Uty of the atmosphere make it possible to observe features only one OF MINNESOTA Thursday, August 3, 1978 second of arc in angular width. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . Such nights occur fairly often at the Kitt • Mr. HEFTEL. Mr. Speaker, in recent Thursday, August 3, 1978 years remarkable progress has been re­ Peak National Observatory in Arizona, con­ sidered an excellent site and perhaps the • Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, we re­ corded in the science of astronomy. The most extensive observing facility in the State of Hawaii, because of its unique world. Here, it has been estimated that they cently introduced legislation aimed at climate and geography, has been judged occur three times more frequently. improving procedures for resolving an ideal location for conducting astro­ While remoteness of the site is a problem United States-Canadian disputes about nomical observations. In fact, a major for some sponsoring institutions, notably in air pollution ­ • Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, yester­ tion's real interests and future influence lic document.) day's vote by this House to lift the trade in the southern half of Africa. 24296 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 It would be wrong to suspend sanc­ tions from the forecasting firm's well­ pensation for us in this world is that the tions before we have real, unmistakable known national model. These estimates, Christian Fathers were right when they evidence that an all-parties conference along with data for both Philadelphia told us that the blood of the martyred will be held and that guarantees of open and the neighboring counties, will be fertilizes the seeds of faith. Otherwise, elections have been honored and a gov­ used to develop separate forecasts for I confess, the recent massacres of men, ernment has been installed based upon both the city and the surrounding seven women, and children at the Emmanuel those elections. During the period 1972 to counties. Mission School in Rhodesia are inex­ 1977 when the Byrd amendment was in Research and development for the plicable. force, and we imported chrome from model will take place over the next 18 Mr. Speaker, the so-called "soldiers" Rhodesia, no progress toward majority months. The development costs for this of the "Rhodesian Patriotic Front" are rule was achieved. Only after America effort will be drawn from Federal com­ nothing more than bloody terrorists and ceased this trade did Smith consider any munity development funds. I pity the poor misguided souls who call concessions to one man; one vote what­ Mr. Chairman, I am proud to inform them Freedom Fighters. Their silent vic­ soever. Now is not the time to weaken my colleagues that the city of Philadel­ tims-missionaries and children-con·­ our resolve. Now is not the time to choose phia is in the forefront of this kind of demn them with an eloquence of denun­ sides. Now is not the time to abandon a research and development.• ciation far greater than that ever uttered policy that-in the case of Namibia-is in the halls of the United Nations. Per­ already bearing fruit. haps these most recent events will have The amendment adopted by this House some impact on the mysterious thinking yesterday in a vote of 229 to 180 weakens ATROCITIES IN RHODESIA of Ambassador Young. our resolve. It chooses sides. It abandons • A constituent of mine, Mr. Robert a policy already bearing fruit. Cleaves of Marina Del Ray, Calif., was It sends a message to Salisbury that HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN OF CALIFORNIA kind enough to send me a copy of his the Smith alliance need not carry out full letter to Senator HAYAKAWA on the Em­ and open talks with all parties. It stiffens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manuel Mission Massacre. I ask that my their stubborn resolve to carry on the Thursday, August 3, 1978 colleagues take some time from their war, to insist upon the preservation of busy schedules and give their attention the white minority privileges embodied e Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask to beg your indulgence, for a moment, on a to Mr. Cleaves' report. in the Salisbury agreement of March. It JULY 17, 1978. invites more. bloodshed and a final out­ highly relevant, but nevertheless, pro­ foundly unpleasant subject. When I Re Rhodesian sit uation. come in which we have backed not only SenatorS. I. HAYAKAWA, the wrong side but also very likely the viewed the special television broadcast Senate Office Building, losing side. of "Holocaust," a spellbinding drama Washington, D.C. I urge my colleagues to reassess this about Hitler's genocidal war against the DEAR SENATOR HAYAKAWA: On July 15, 1 action during the weeks ahead, so that in Jewish people, I was appalled by the returned from an extensive six week trip to the end we cast our lot not with Ian thought that men could actually contem­ Southern Africa. Mr. Vernon Gillespie met plate such mass murder. The vastness of with me during my stop-over in New York. Smith's blueprint for the future of Zim­ Pursuant to my conversation with Mr. Gilles­ babwe, but instead with the future of the crime, the enormity of it, is difficult to absorb. But, through it all, I wondered, pie, I am writing this letter and sending you that nation agreed upon by all the parties the enclosures. Over the last several years, l to the current conflict.• how is it possible that any man, with all have been extensively involved in both the of his faculties, could deliberately mur­ political and military situation in Rhodesia der a child? as well as the Republic of South Africa. As Mr. Speaker, why is the murder of chil­ an observer with the Rhodesian security PHILADELPHIA AMONG FIRST WITH dren so intrinsically repugnant, on a forces, the following events transpired. MODEL FOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY scale of crime far beyond that of other I was at Grand Reef Air Base near Umtall crimes? Why is it that the snuffing out of on the morning of June 24, 1978. At 7 :10 a.m., the life of a little child fills us with a a report was received that a massacre had HON. JOSHUA EILBERG occurred at the Emanuel MiEsion School, 18 curious mixture of horror and over­ miles southeast of Umtali. A fire force was OF PENNSYLVANIA whelming pity and, in some instances, an immediately dispatched. Upon arrival, I wit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES almost insatiable desire for revenge? nessed a shocking site. After an extensive in­ Thursday, August 3, 1978 Psychologists, philosophers, and theolo­ terview with approximately 50 of the 250 gians may debate the question endlessly. schcol children, and the director of the fa­ • Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, this week But I should like to offer this reason: The cility, I wrote the following story and caused the city of Philadelphia announced that thing is so repulsive to us because chil­ it to be transmitted to UP! (London) and to it will be among the first cities in the dren are so innocent. A child knows lit­ 27 newspapers in the United States via Panax country to develop a model for predict­ tle or nothing of the great evils of the Corporation: ing the level of local economic activity. "Patriotic Front terrorists massacred 12 world, and his little mind has absorbed whites at the Anglican Emmanuel Mission Mayor Frank L. Rizzo has announced few of its pervasive corruptions. A child School 18 miles south east of Umtali shortly that the city has signed a contract with retains something of the purity of heart before 9 p.m. on 23 June. ar: economic forecasting company to de­ and simplicity of virtue that men, in Scene of the murders was the school pa­ velop a model to provide economic es­ realizing their past transgressions vilion where the staff and their families were timates on output for some 40 major £l,gainst one another, often long for in taken after being forceably removed from sectors of the city. This output will con­ the winter of their lives. That, in the their homes. · stitute the gross city product for Phila­ final analysis, is why I think we are in­ Three adult men ages 29, 30 and 37, 5 adult delphia, just as we have a national gross stinctively appalled by the murder of women ages 50, 37 and three unknown, and product. children. two young girls ages 4 and 5 and one boy age In addition, the model will provide pre­ So too, there is something especially 6, and one 3 week old baby were found axed, dictions on a number of key economic bayoneted, bludgeoned and kicked to death profane about violence done to mission­ on the grounds of the school pavilion. The variables for Philadelphia, including aries. The missionary often surrenders victims comprise all but 2 of the entire teach­ residential construction, manufacturing all the comforts of civilized life in order ing staff for 250 black children ages between investment, and retail sales. to bring love and truth to the objects of 13 and 20. The model will be a particularly use­ his affection. In denying himself or her­ Only one woman managed to escape. How­ ful tool for city agencies and depart­ self, the missionary tries to preserve and ever, she had been repeatedly raped and ments involved in planning and carry­ cultivate what innocence there is left in bludgeoned, and at this stage is thought to have been bayoneted. She was flown to Salis­ ing out economic development programs, this world. The mission of these men bury in a state of extreme shock and un­ and for businesses in the city. The cur­ and women of God is hardly self-serving, conscious after being found by security rent model now used by the city pro­ except in a deeply spiritual way; for it forces hiding in the bushes a scant 50 yards duces estimates for the eight-county is a mission of mercy, and that alone. from the scene of the atrocity which took Philadelphia region, providing little de­ ·Mr. Speaker, it is sad to say that the place 14 hours earlier. tailed information for the city itself. blood of innocents and the blood of mar­ Four of the 5 women had also been vio­ The new model will draw on predic- tyrs still flows. Perhaps the only com- lently sexually ~saulted by members of the August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24297 gang. One woman st ill had a crude axe lodged assertion by our Ambassador to the United leaders have stated time and time again that in t he base of her skull. Nations, Mr. Andrew Young, there is abso­ peace can only come through the barrel of Another woman was found with her arms lutely no doubt but that the atrocities were a gun, that they will not participate in an flung out in a pathetic but futile attempt perpetrated by the terrorist forces of the open democratic election, and that they rep­ to save her 3-week-old baby girl. Both had "Patriotic Front." I would be most happy to resent and endorse elite black minority rule been bayoneted and the mother of the tiny testify before any congressional investiga­ of the black people of Rhodesia. infant had her face crushed by a log weilded tory agency concerning this atrocity, as well I also enclose a copy of a map of Africa by one of the terrorists. Two of the other as others that I have witnessed while in which clearly depicts the Soviet involvement women were singled out for a particularly Rhodesia. Invariably, within 24 hours fol­ on that continent. depraved brand of sexual assault and before lowing the commission of an atrocity by the Very truly yours, being killed cne woman had her breast communist trained, backed and supplied ROBERT N. CLEAVES .• slashed repeatedly by a bayonet. "Patriotic Front", either Mr. Joshua Nkomo The three little children were found lying and/ or Robert Mugabe have denied that their in various poses next to the body of their forces perpetrated the act, and have blamed mother. The woman had not been raped be­ the Rhodesian Security Forces, and general­ cause she was in her menstrual cycle, but ly the Selous Scouts. I have been with the H.R. 10909, THE CLINICAL LABORA­ she had been bayoneted in the lower groin. Selous Scouts. I know their training and TORY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1978 Her youngest child had been kicked to their mission. I can assure you that it does death and the footprint of a terrmist bcot not include the perpetration of atrocities. was clearly identifiable on the small child's They are the "Green Berets" of the Rhode­ HON. JOHN B~ BRECKINRIDGE face and neck. Her brother and sister were sian Security Forces. OF KENTUCKY both bludgeoned and hacked to death. Subsequent to the Emmanuel Mission Mas­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is believed that this murder and the sacre, on July 1, Pa..triotic Front Terrorists resulting terror and screaming of the rest butchered 14 black civilians on a black farm Thursday, August 3, 1978 of the victims triggered the terrorists ram­ compound in the Headlands area, 140 kilo­ e Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, page of bestial lust and mutilation. meters east of Salsbury. A few days later, two today, I join with Congressman OMAR The school registar, Mr. Ian McGarrick, was more missionaries were killed by terrorists. the sole white to have escaped unharmed. Then, just a few days ago, a convoy o! civil­ BURLESON in urging the passage of an For some reason he was overlooked at his ians travelling south !rom Kariba were am­ amendment to H.R. 10909, the Clinical home while the rest were being rounded up. bushed and three were killed, again by "free­ Laboratory Improvement Act, which will He was unaware of the incident until the dom fighters" o! the Patriotic Front. provide for a 2-year renewable waiver morning when he discovered it and raised Senator Hayakawa, I have personally inter­ for certain rural hospitals from stand­ the alarm. viewed several of Mr. Mugabe's "soldiers". I ards prescribing qualifications for super­ Approximately 8 te ~ ~&ts armed with AK concur wholeheartedly with Sir Douglas visory personnel, technologists, or both. 47 Soviet automatic ~ then forced the Bader, Royal Air Force Fighter Ace o! the 250 children into the s'cnool yard. They told Second World War, who observed that the While the bill does include a phased them what political faction they supported. soldiers of Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo approach to the implementation of na­ The children did not respond. They were are nothing more than murderers. tional standards for clinical laboratories then asked if they understood the term "Neo I have been told by members of the Patri­ not previously covered by existing Fed­ Colonialis:t"-again silence. The children otic Front that they are not communists eral law, once the last phase has been were then given a lecture of benefits of the simply because they use communist weapons. implemented the bill provides no fur­ Zimbabwe African Nationalist Union headed However, I have the original of a political ther authority to grant ...-:aivers to labo­ by Robert Mugabe and forming a part of the training notebook taken from one of Mr. so-called Patriotic Front. ratories which experience problems re­ Robert Mugabe's "soldiers" that shows quite cruiting and/ or retaining appropriately Next the pupils were ordered back to their clearly what the quid pro quo is in exchange rooms and told to leave the school on Mon­ for those Soviet we·apons. It is a total and qualified personnel. I believe the need for day, 26 June. complete communist indoctrination de­ a renewable waiver for rural hospitals Before leaving, the terrorists robbed the signed to align Rhodesia with the Soviet experiencing temporary shortages of mission store of a large quantity of food and Union. Needless to say, that would be a qualified laboratory personnel is com­ clothing. The result of the terror is the clos­ serious blow to the West, given the existing pelling. ing of the school, depriving 250 black chil­ Soviet satellites of Angola and Mozambique. Under the provisions of H.R. 10909 as dren of education. South Africa would be the next target. If reported by the House Committee on Headquarters of the mission is the Elim the Soviet Union controlled Rhodesia, Organization based in Cheltenham in Eng­ Angola, Moz,ambique, ·and South Africa, the Interstate and Foreign Commerce, the land. United States would be in serious jeopardy Secretary, or a Sbte-delegated primary On July 27 last year the secondary school in view of the mineral resources that would enforcement responsibility, cannot per­ and pupils of the Elim School in North be denied us. mit any deviation from compliance with Inyanga were moved to the site of today's To s"ow t he clear cut nature of the "Patri­ prescribed personnel standards. Thus, I atrocity. During the move a bus carrying otic Front", I enclose a copy o! an original strongly recommend and concur with some of the pupils detonated a landmine. poster being circulated in West Germany, Congressman BURLESON that this legis­ Two pupils died and 11 were injured. Another together with its English translation. lation be further amended to authorize bus sent to pick up the survivors detonated I urge you to read my report on the Em­ a second landmine injuring more pupils and a renewable waiver of rural hospital manuel Mission Massacre into the CoNGREs­ laboratories from personnel standard.f.: killing a tribesman. This latest attack SIONAL RECORD , as well as the text o! the against a mission group has claimed more enclosed poster. under certain limited conditione;: white lives than any other single incident It The internal settlement in Rhodesia must is important to note that while re­ throughout the history of the war. It also is be supported. I have personally interviewed cent demographic data suggests some the only incident which appears to have been all of the members of the Executive Coun­ moderation in the migration of people directed against whites because they were cil to the internal settlement, which was away from rural areas, for the most part white. Not one of the black boys or girls were physically harmed. The names of the dead filmed and distributed through UPI TN this change involved predominantly (London). The three black members of the are being withheld pending notification of young families. There is no apparent next of kin. Executive Council have put their necks on groundswell among young, unmarried the chopping block along with Mr. Smith, Americans to remain in or move to rural The previous worst incident against a mis­ if the internal settlement is not successful. sionary body was at the St. Paul's Jesuit Messrs. Nkomo and Mugabe have already areas. For these individuals, who com­ Mission at Mussami, 35 miles Northeast of stated that they would be eliminated if the prise the largest segment of the clinical Salisbury 2 years ago where seven mission­ Patriotic Front succ~ssful in taking over laboratory work force, rural communities aries including 4 nuns were machine gunned Rhodesia. do not offer the amenities and advan­ to death by terrorists." The four members of the Executive Coun­ tages many of them are seeking. There At the time I interviewed the witnesses, cil, together with their constituencies, are are generally few marriage opportunities, the identities of the victims were unknown. fighting a difficult battle to maintain a dem­ climate is sometimes harsh, and enter­ The one woman that escaped has since died, ocratic nation under majority rule, with one making the total number of victims 13. Also, tainment options frequently are limited man one vote. Rhodesia has agreed to all of or not attractive. Over half of all the the school registrar, Mr. Ian McGarrick, was the terms of the Kissinger proposal, and the not actually "overlooked". He had been black leaders representing the vast major­ hospitals in the country have 100 beds or warned by a servant, and hid in his home. ity of black Rhodesians have joined with Mr. less and many of them are located in Obviously, the above report constitutes Ian Smith in an effort to save Rhodesia. Yet, isolated geographical areas-all of which only a small part of the information that I our State Department Foreign Policy is de­ contributes to a continuing problem in obtained during my interviews with the chil­ signed to compel the Rhodesian Government maintaining appropriate staffing comple­ dren. Contrary to the cruel and senseless to deal with the "Patriotic Front" whose ments in such facilities. CXXIV--1528-Part 18 24298 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 Further, there is also little opportu­ EDUCATION: THE NATION NEEDS No NEW us voiced our outrage at the failure of nity for career advancement in the rural DEPAR'IMENT TO OVERSEE SCHOOLS the Soviet Union to comply with the hu­ hospital laboratory, and the limited Somewhere out there, safe in the protec­ man rights provisions of the Helsinki range of tests performed and their rela­ tive obscurity of bureaucratic Washington, accord and with the most basic prin­ tive simplicity offer little challenge to the lurks the seed for a U.S. Department of Ed­ ciples of individual rights and human ucation. Its creation would be an error in college-trained technologist. judgment, at best. Surely the department dignity. This waiver, as proposed in Mr. BuRLE­ would have a greater impact on the nation's The Soviet government must cease its soN's amendment, might follow much pocketbook than on the quality of its in­ arbitrary refusal to emigration appli­ the same pattern that has developed struction. cants. I urge that government to free with the waiver from the medicare 24- Supporters of the idea, and President Car­ their prisoners of conscience, and release hour nurse staffing requirement men­ ter has counted himself in that number, those who have been illegally denied tioned above. contend that education is poorly served as their right to emigrate so that they may In 1972 Representative 0MAR BURLESON the junior member of the triumvirate with health and welfare. The fiscal 1978 budget rejoin their loved ones. At this time, I proposed an amendment to the medicare for the Department of Health, Education urge this special appeal on behalf of program that permitted the Secretary of and Welfare (HEW) is about $185 billion, emigration activist Anatoly Shcharan­ HEW to waive the requirement for medi­ they contend, but education was scheduled sky, whose imprisonment is unjustified care participating hospitals to have 24- to get only a $10.3-billion share. and whose only wish is to join his wife hour registered nurse staffing, provided It says something about the basis !or the in Israel.• the hospital was making a good faith argument, however, that education's alleged effort to achieve compliance with this junior status is measured wholly in dollars. requirement and provided no undue Even at that, the figures are not genuinely PLODDING TOWARD ADJOURNMENT indicative of education's federal status since health hazard existed. This provision, the schools participate in other programs enacted by Congress as an amendment to operated by different agencies. HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL 1971 the Social Security Act in CPublic That, too, becomes the foundation for an OF ILLINOIS Law 91-690), has been important in as­ argument in support of a separate Depart­ suring access to needed hospital care for ment of Education. It is said that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES medicare beneficiaries. schools will be better served if federal re­ Thursday, August 3, 1978 I urge my colleagues to consider Con­ sponsibility is concentrated in one place, so gressman BuRLESON's amendment to H.R. that local schools can avail themselves of all the assistance possible with a minimum e Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker. I was re­ 10909 when it reaches the floor for final of bureaucratic meandering. Of course, this cently reminded of .. a piece of wisdom consideration.• ignores the very valid notion that education stated by the late, great Senator from has never been, and ought never be, a fed­ Illinois, Everett Dirksen. He said: eral function or responsibility. Hypotheses aside, the creation of an edu­ Progress is often made as much by what we NO NEED FOR NEW DEPARTMENT take off the books as by what we add on. OF EDUCATION cation department will mean one thing, and one thing only-the addition of another How true that statement is in regard layer of fat to an already overweight federal administration. Experience should have to the Congress. We over-legislated for HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK so many years that we have too many OF OHIO shown us by now that it is not reasonable to expect that HEW would diminish in size laws on the books to properly oversee. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the removal of its responsibilities in The Washington Star has editorially Thursday, August 3, 1978 education. commented on this fact and I want to More likely, the health and welfare take this opportunity to place in the e Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Amer­ branches would expand to fill the void, while RECORD, "Plodding Toward Adjourn­ icans are increasingly fed up with the the new department would take off growing ment," the Washington Star, July 30, massive and unresponsive Federal bu­ on its own. One need only recall the creation reaucracy in Washington, D.C. They are of the Energy Department for a preview. 1978: tired of having so many of their hard­ And what of the great administrative costs PLODDING TOWARD ADJOURNMENT earned dollars go to pay the high cost that would accrue to the American taxpayers Congress is taking a lot of heat as time by the establishment of the department? runs out on the second session of the 95th. of government. The money used to support the department President Carter is critical of the slow pace I strongly believe that big government would necessarily take away from the fund­ on Capitol Hill and has drawn up a list of 10 should be cut down to size. We need less ing that might otherwise be available to the items for Congress to concentrate on as it Federal spending and less bureaucracy. schools. heads toward adjournment. Unfortunately members of the Carter Proposition 13 and its attendant resistance The critics have a point. But there's also administration do not seem to agree. to increased taxation Ehould have under­ something to be said for congressional pro­ They are pushing for the formation of scored the error in predicating public im­ crastination. yet another bureaucratic structure, a provements on government expansion alone. Of course Congress has dallied too long new U.S. Department of Education. The American people should not fail to make over the energy bill. The nation and ~he that point clearly and as often as necessary world ought to know where we stand on Over $10.3 billion is presently ear­ to prevent the creation of a Cabinet-level energy conservation and on oil and gas pric­ marked for education out of HEW's 1978 Department of Education. ing. and that can only come through a defini­ budget of about $185 billion. President tive policy established by Congress. Carter and his associates do not believe Yes, the Turkish arms embargo ought to be this is enough. By creating a new Cabi­ SHCHARANSKY-NOT FORGOTTEN lifted. Yes, airlines ought to be deregulated. net-level department, a heavy weight Yes, refo·rms ought to be enacted to make the would be hung around the taxpayer's HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II federal civil service more manageable andre­ already tired neck. sponsl.ve, provided of course that the miscon­ OF VIRGINIA ceived Hatch Act lib~ralization amendment is An editorial published July 23, 1978, in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES removed from the bill before passage. the Cincinnati Enquirer sums up the Thursday, August 3, 1978 But what of other items on Mr. Carter's arguments concerning a new Depart­ priority list? Congress would be fully justi­ ment of Education. The Carter adminis­ e Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, the pub­ fied in shuffling the labor "reform" bill on tration feels that education would be licity has died down. Anatoly Shcharan­ to the next Congress, or into perpetual Umbo administered better if Federal responsi­ sky has begun his long years of imprison­ for that matter. The Humphrey-Hawkins full bility is concentrated in one place. But ment. But I want to make it perfectly employment bill likely would produce as as the Enquirer points out: clear-he has not been forgotten. This much confusion, if not mischief, as good and This ignores the very valid notion that Congress has made a commitment to it deserves a slow legislative shuffl.e. education has never been, and ought never Anatoly Shcharansky, and I and many Something certainly ought to be done to to be, a Federal function or responsibility. hold down hospital costs but whether Presi­ other Members are determined to stand dent Carter's bill is the answer is debatable. Before we rush headlong into creating by him and other victims of Soviet hy­ The New York City aid measure has been another costly bureaucratic structure, I pocrisy and repression. enacted, but there's doubt in some quarters suggest we consider the arguments raised In a recent letter to the Secretary about its ability to cure NYC's problems and by this excellent editorial: General of the United Nations, many of about its setting a precedent for the federal August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24299 government's bailing out cities in financial safety record in recent years has been good, trouble. January 16, 1980, will be conducted in that the last major U.S. disaster involving Miami, Denver, Sacramento, Houston, Countercyclical revenue sharing? There LNG was in 1 944, as the industry has been and Forth Worth. It is expected that apparently is so much doubt about that pro­ quick to point out in opposition to the GAO's posal to pour federal money into areas where findings. Just last month, however, an out­ about 240 students will be served at each unemployment rates reach certain levels that of-control tanker truck carrying liquified gas school site. the measure hasn't even made it out of exploded in Spain, killing more than 100 per­ SER will conduct an evaluation of the committee in either house. sons and leaving a 60-foot crater. project at the end of the period to assess Mr. Carter's tax cut-tax reform b111? With The GAO recommends that future tanks be the impact of the project's special career inflation far from under control, there's a located in "remote" areas, that current stor­ development assistance on the youth good deal of doubt as to whether a tax cut is age facil1ties in urban areas not be permitted served and their transition from school in order. In any event, Mr. Carter's soak-the­ to expand, and that efforts be made to place to work. rich reform, which many critics claim more such facilities below ground. The study amounts primarily to a load-more-on-the­ SER-Jobs for Progress is the national also urges that trucks and rail cars carrying vehicle for the delivery of employment middle-income-taxpayers plan, is getting liquified gas be barred from traveling through well deserved revision on Capital Hill. densely populated areas, unless it is impossi­ and training services to this Nation's Beyond the White House list of priority ble for them to make deliveries otherwise. Hispanic-American citizens. . . items are a lot of other measures that need And to thwart possible sabotaging of storage SER's basic thrust is to assist the dis­ attention before adjournment, which is tar­ areas by terrorist groups, the GAO urges in­ advantaged poor in improving their geted for October 7: highway and mass creased security measures. quality of life. Through job training and transit aid, creation of new judgeships, for­ The U.S. House will vote next week on a related programs to upgrade educ::ttional eign aid financing, to name a few. But there's bill introduced by Representatives Markey and vocational skills, SER opens the door also a long list of items that can be put off of Massachusetts and Dingell of Michigan or sent to the legislative scrap heap-those to meaningful employment and career that would expand the safety requirements opportunities. for which there is no pressing need, those on LNG and address a number of the con­ that would increase the size and scope of the June 10, 1978 marked SER's 13th year federal government. cerns outlined in the GAO report. Congress ought not to wait for a disaster to drive them of operation. During this time, it has It has been said that congressional pro­ to enact these needed precautions. And other grown to a national network with more crastination has saved the republic. There's large cities might well follow the lead of New than 100 offices in 20 States. SER has some validity to that.e York City in restricting the trucking of haz­ serviced more than 120,500 individuals ardous materials through inner city areas, in since it was founded in 1965. banning all storage of LNG within the city, The following article in the Business and in strictly enforcing such regulations. and Finance section of the Los Angeles EDITORIAL SUPPORT FOR FUELS Federal transportation policies already re­ Times on February 1, 1978, describes the TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BILL quire trucks with dangerous cargoes to choose alternative routes where possible, and work Zazueta and SER-Jobs for Progress the U.S. Department of Transportation is doing to bring attention to the grow­ HON. EDWARD J. MARKEY should make greater efforts to enforce these ing problems faced by the Hispanic com­ OF MASSACHUSETTS requirements more stringently. Why wait? e munity: HISPANICS SEEKING ECONOMIC CLOUT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Nancy Yoshihara) Thursday, August 3, 1978 Making government and industry aware of e Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, I want SER PROJECT GETS NEW SCHOOL­ the economic problems of Hispanic Ameri­ to call to t.he attention of my colleagues TO-WORK PROGRAM cans is essential in views of the growing population of U.S. citizens of Spanish ances­ an editorial which appeared in the try, according to the director of a. job devel­ Christian Science Monitor yesterday, HON. DALE E. KILDEE opment group. August 2, 1978. OF MICHIGAN Ricardo Zazueta, national director of Los I am most pleased that this prestigious IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Angeles-based SER Jobs-for-Progress Inc., newspaper has endorsed H.R. 11622, the said in a recent interview, "By 1990, Hispanic Fuels Transportation Safety Amend­ Thursday, August 3, 1978 Americans will be the largest minority group in the United States, surpassing the blacks." ments Act of 1978, which I have cospon­ • Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, recently He said government projections put the sored with Congressman JoHN DINGELL, the Department of Labor's Employment Hispanic population in the neighborhood of the distinguished chairman of the and Training Administration awarded 30 million by that date, up sharply from the Energy and Power Subcommittee. As the SER-Jobs for Progress a $1.7 million con­ 16 million reported in the 1970 U.S. Census. editorial states: tract to conduct a school-to-work transi­ The figures do not include undocumented or Congress ought not to walt for a disaster tion proje,ct. SER's national director illegal aliens. to drive them to enact these needed pre­ Ricardo Zazueta signed the cor.tract with Zazueta heads a. federally funded non­ cautions. profit organization which was founded in the Department's Assistant Secretary 1966 in Corpus Christi, Tex. SER, which is I hope my colleagues will heed the wise Ernest G. Green on June 7. an acronym for Service, Employment & Re­ counsel of the Christian Science Monitor The purpose of the project is to ex­ development and means "to be" in Spanish, editorial which follows: plore the feasibility and to assess the ef­ concentrates on providing job training and fectiveness of having a network of com­ placement of Mexican-Americans, Cubans, KEEP LNG SAFE Puerto Ricans and other Spanish-speaking All too often it takes a catastrophe involv­ munity-based organizations link with people. ing human suffering to awaken th9 public the private sector and public secondary The organization, which has 106 offices in and government to the need for instituting schools to provide special career develop­ 18 states, is now holding its first national preventive measures or imposing safety re­ ment assistance. conference in Washington, D.C. strictions. When that happens, invariably The in-school youth who will partici­ "With the conference," Zazueta. explained, the response is, "Why did it take a disaster pate in the project will be economically "We hope we can draw attention and focus to get people concerned?" disadvantaged high school juniors and on our problems from the Administration, Congress and the American public now minority-group senior students. During Congress and business and industry." have a golden opportunity to reverse that He maintains that current political issues pattern in regard to the storage and trans­ t:b~ course of the project, SER will pro­ such as the illegal alien problem and the portation of potentially dangerous liquefied vide: Panama Canal have brought greater aware­ natural gas in densely populated cities. The First. Occupational and career infor­ ness of Hispanics, but they continue to re­ General Accounting Office, the investigative mation, exposure, and exploration; sec­ ceive low priority in job programs when com­ pared to blacks and women. arm of Congres~. has just concluded a year­ ond, vocational counseling and personal long study with warnings that current safety guidance; third, training in job search, "The silent minority, the lost minority, the standards are too lax. They allow huge stor­ sleeping giant-these are all terms -that have age tanks to be built in or near big cities and interview, and test taking skills; fourth, been used to describe us," Zazueta said. He do not bar tanker trucks from the congested job development, referral, placement, believes that dispelling myths and stereo­ elevated highways of cities such as Boston, and followup. types about Hispanics is critical in wiping where, the GAO concludes, a traffic mishap Participants will be exposed to the out the paternal U.S. attitude that "we're could result in explosions and fires of disas­ career development activities for about not ready for self determination." trous proportions. Zazueta expressed concern over a proposal 4 to 8 hours each week. for a new identification system which is It is of little comfort that the industry's The project, which will run through designed to provide a stopgap answer to the 24300 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 illegal alien problem. "Some bill may be ask­ know that regardless of their affliction, ern version of the drug approval proc­ ing for identification cards from each of us victims of muscular dystrophy will be ess" according to testimony of FDA to get a job just because we look 'undocu­ given the chance to experience orga­ Commissioner Kennedy. This means that mented,' Spanish or brown," he said. "The stereotype that we're all 'undocu­ nized sports activity. some well-established drugs are not in­ m~nted' is a fallacy, especially with the large Indeed, Mr. Speaker, where these cluded because they were not tested number of Hispanics in the United States youngsters place in the track and field under modern techniques. now and who were here before the Anglos events they will engage in today is sec­ In addition, on January 1, 1977, the came." ondary. The important thing is that they FDA instituted requirements that are He attributes part of this to inaccurate all will emerge as winners for their dis­ designed to insure the therapeutic equiv­ statistics about Hispanics. The U.S. Census play of fortitude and courage as they alency between drugs. These require­ groups citizens of Spanish ancestry with its engage in the Muscular Dystrophy Sum­ ments may be established for any drug "other races" category. Zazueta said that in mer Olympics.tt 1970 the Census Bureau undercounted His­ upon presentation of certain documen­ panics by 1.5 million in California alone. As tation. Given the FDA mandate to as­ the result of a subsequent law suit, which sure drug quality, the FDA list should was won, the Census Bureau plans to list SUBSTITUTING GENERIC DRUGS be accepted as the final word as to drug Hispanics as a separate category in 1980, FOR BRAND NAME PRODUCTS product equivalency. according to Zazueta. Progress also has been made toward Meanwhile, SER's general profile of a His­ insuring the availability of low-cost panic shows that his or her economic level HON. MARIO BIAGGI drugs. Eight years ago, every State pro­ is $5,000 lower than the national average annual income of $15,000. It also indicates OF NEW YORK hibited drug product selection. As of that the average education level of a His­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES June of this year, 39 States and the Dis­ trict of Columbia had decided to permit panic is about four years behind an Anglo Thursday, Aug-ust 3, 1978 and two years behind a black. drug product selection. Although rela­ Zazueta says about 80 percent of the His­ f> Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I would like tively few studies have been done of con­ panic population is located in urban areas, to share with my colleagues some obser­ sumer savings resulting from these laws, contrary to the farm worker stereotype. 'I1he vations and comments on the issue of preliminary information points to sub­ unemployment rate within these communi­ substituting low-cost generic drug prod­ stantial savings. A sophisticated pre­ ties is 11.5 percent, about twice the national rate. ucts for brand name products. scription audit in Delaware found statis­ Noting that 44 percent of the Hispanic As chairman of the Human Services tically significant consumer savings in population is under the age of 18, Zazueta Subcommittee of the Select Committee the 2 years following enactment of points out that employment is one of the on Aging, I know that excessive drug drug substitution legislation for 7 out of critical issues for the minority group. costs .fall most heavily on those least able 10 of the most frequently used multiple­ Although SER has trained and placed to afford it, the elderly and the dis­ source drugs. about 150,000 individuals since 1966, the exe­ abled. Persons over 65 buy 1 of every 4 REMAINING BARRIERS TO SUBSTITUTION cutive said the organization has had to turn prescriptions, and 87 percent of what away many from its programs because of Although a great deal has been done they pay must come out of pocket. I also to make low cost, high quality drugs gen­ limited funds. He adds that the Hispanics know that drugs often affect the elderly need some 6 million jobs by 1980 to bring the ~rally available, substitution remains unemployment rate down to about 4 percent differently than they affect most age substantially inhibited. A prescription and at least half that many jobs to bring the grout:s in the population. Variations in audit in Michigan showed that substi­ rate down to the current national rate of qualitv may be critical to older oersons. tution occurred for only 1.5 percent of about 6 percent. For these reasons, I am committed to In an attempt to sound out business on all prescriptions for multiple source the concept that low-cost, high-quality drugs in the year after enactment of these problems, SER works with major cor­ drugs be made generally available. porations such as Atlantic Richfi eld, Crown legislation permitting substitution. This Zellerbach, General Electric, General Motors PROGRESS meant an actual savings of only $200,000 and others through its National Amigos de Considerable progress has been made to $300,000 out of a potential savings of 8er Business Advisory Council. within the past decade toward assuring between $13.5 million and $17.6 million. "It's taken quite some time to sensitize the quality of generic drug products. The The low rate of substitution is thought to major corporations, but they are now start­ longstanding argument that brand name be due to the provision of the State law ing to recognize the large number of His­ drugs are superior to generics has finally panics," Zazueta said. "Still we're under­ that requires the purchaser to request represented in the corporate world. We're been swept aside. The Pharmaceutical substitution. working on that 1Jhis year."e Manufacturers Association, a represent­ There are many other subtleties of ative organization of major drug manu­ State legislation which may prevent con­ facturers, has testified before a Senate sumer savings. Uncertainty as to phar­ subcommittee that- macist and physician liability may pro­ ORANGE COUNTY MUSCULAR DYS­ Quality is independent of brand or generic TROPHY SUMMER OLYMPICS duce reluctance to substitute or to au­ name; it depends upon the credentials of the thorize substitution. FTC Commissioner manufacturer and his commitment to the Pertchuck has recently testified that, to highest standard in the production of drug HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON products. the best of his knowledge, ''not one law­ OF CALIFORNIA suit has been filed against a pharmacist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Evidence presented by the FDA indi­ for legally substituting a lower-cost ge­ cates that large manufacturers have no neric drug product." Still, in the absence Thursday, August 3, 1978 better credentials than small ones. A of State provisions clarifying the issue, e Mr. PATTERSON of California. Mr. review of FDA records of the most sert­ liability is a serious concern. Speaker, on Saturday, August 5, 1978, ous classes o.f recalls from fiscal years Other barriers to substitution may re­ the Buena Park Optimists Club, in con­ 1974 to 1977 shows no evidence of wide­ sult from inhibited competition in the junction with McDonald's Restaurants spread differences between the products drug industry. Some States which permit in Orange County, Calif., will sponsor a of large and small firms, or between substitution do not provide for consumer "Special Olympics" track and field meet br;md and generic name products. information on drug prices. Price infor­ for children who have muscular dystro­ The issue of which particular drugs mation for both doctors and patients is a phy. might not be substitutable is also ad­ crucial part of stimulating competition The thrill of competition and the dressed. I am pleased to say that my and driving down drug prices. Extensive satisfaction obtained from engaging in home State of New York has led the way drug promotion and sampling campaigns sports activity is something that should in compiling an extensive list of "safe may bias physicians or pharmacists to be universally enjoyed by all segments effective, and therapeutically equivalent dispense a particular, higher priced of our populace. I am particularly prescripti"'n drugs." The FDA has ap­ brand name drug without its being medi­ pleased to see the victims of muscular proved the New York list and is compiling cally necessary. Assurances that this dystrophy given this opportunity to a similar positive formulary to be made drug promotion is accurate in its repre­ overcome the self -consciousness they available for use by all States. These sentation of drug quality are necessary live with and the fear of disability that lists only contain drugs "which have components of any plan to stimulate they harbor. It is truly gratifying to undergone the most stringent and mod- competition. August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24301 The experience of State laws in these larger print with information on drug "It would seem (I remarked to the bishop) the way things are going, if Andrew Young areas should be useful in determining content and dosage requirements. announced that a triangle had four sides, which State provisions are most success­ A drug benefit program will be a cru­ other black leaders in America would all nod ful in producing consumer savings. Un­ cial part of any national health care their heads in agreement." fortunately, no studies have been com­ plan. The Government must attempt to "If that is the case," said the bishop, a. pleted which evaluate these provisions. stimulate savings without sacrificing highly skilled polemicist, "why do you sug­ For this reason, Federal drug substitution quality before the advent of national gest that I should approach other black legislation enacted during this Congress health insurance. Such a program should leaders?" would be premature. Also, as Commis­ insure that the elderly and the disabled The point was neatly made. Why go after Ben Hooks of the NAACP, or Vernon Jordan sioner Pertchuck recently pointed out, will no longer have to suffer the exces­ of the Urban League, or Farren Mitchell of the cost of Federal enforcement of such sive burdens of drug costs on their rela­ the Black Caucus-or even William Raspberry legislation would be prohibitive. tively fixed incomes. It should provide of the Washington Post-if they subscribe to WHAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CAN DO high quality multiple-source and single­ the doctrine of the infallib111ty of Young? Although waiting for developments on source drugs to all Americans, while be­ He has not resigned, which would have the State level is probably the wisest ing fiscally sane. been the dignified thing to do. And President In short, Mr. Speaker, the issue of Carter is afraid to fire him. Mr. Mitchell was strategy, there are a number of ways in entirely straightforward in the matter. "In which the Federal Government can take drug substitution is one which the Con­ the event something untoward should hap­ part in assuring the availability of low­ gress cannot afford to ignore if we are pen to Andy Young, the black community cost, high-quality drugs. serious about making adequate health will walk away from the Carter administra­ With regard to making these drugs care available to everyone both in the tion." available to Federal and State human present and the future.• These words are grounds for general dis­ consolation. I say this having 10 years ago service programs, I have two suggestions. proposed (in Look Magazine) that it would First, I urge the Commissioner to con­ greatly benefit the United States, and more tinue to establish maximum allowablE:­ HARMING BLACKS profoundly inter anti-black racism than any costs for State medicaid reimbursements. economic or legislative contrivance, if during If, as Commissioner Kennedy has testi­ the 1980s a black man were elected president fied, the MAC represents the lowest pos­ HON. LARRY McDONALD of the United States. Andrew Young makes such a thing sheer sible cost at which multiple-source drugs OF GEORGIA fantasy-more properly, the combination of are generally available to providers costs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Andy Young and a constituency that regards might well be contained in this m~nner. Thursday, August 3, 1978 fidelity to anything he says as a transcendent Unfortunately, the program has yet to intellectual and moral obligation. be widely implemented. e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, as I But the necessary point to make here is Second, I urge the FDA Commissioner have stated on previous occasions, I do that if Carter were to fire Young, he would to continue cooperating with States not always agree with William F. Buck­ not be letting down the black people. There which seek to purchase drugs themselves. ley, Jr., particularly on matters of foreign would not be implicit in such a dismissal any The FDA is currently assisting New York policy. However, he recently wrote a very lack of concern for black civil rights, for cogent column on the problem that oc­ black economic and social advancement. In­ State with such a plan by determining deed, Young could easily be replaced by a the ability of low bidders to produce high curs when you have Andrew Young as highly qualified black. quality drugs. our U.N. Ambassador and attempt to What is harming the black community is W~th regard to making low cost, high bring any sanity into our policy on Rho­ not the prospective dismissal of Young for quallty drugs available to the individual desia. As he points out, and Bishop the best of reasons, but hanging on to him­ consumer, I also have some suggestions. Muzorewa, of Rhodesia, has learned, no as alleged representative of the AmericaQ. I urge my colleagues in the House and one in a black leadership position wants people-for the worst of reasons. Mr. Carter to contradict Andrew Young simply be­ not only undermines his own authority, Senate to move swiftly toward passage which is of incidental concern, he reinforces of the Drug Regulation Reform Act, H.R. cause he is black, not because he is cor­ rect in his views. This hurts all black the conviction that thinking blacks will cease 12980. This act contains several signifi­ Americans in Mr. Buckley's view and I to think, and morally sensitive blacks will cant provisions with respect to drug agree. Mr. Buckley's column, as it ap­ cease to discriminate-if the political fate of Pr?duct selection. It would encourage a single prominent black politician is at stake. pnce competition by allowing the Secre­ peared in the Atlanta Journal for Friday, As the voters of Harlem finally had enough July 28, 1978, in part, follows: ~ary to require that drug prices be posted of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. and let him go. m every pharmacy. It would give the HARMING BLACKS Unquestionably in due course the black voters of America would register their relief ~ecretary leverage over drug promotion (By William F . Buckley, Jr.) NEw YoRK.-Bishop Muzorewa has been in that the most prominent of their representa­ m two ways: (1) put limitations on sam­ tives has been removed from the podium P.lings; and, (2) require that informa­ town attempting to persuade key American politicians of the extravagant immoderation whence he embarrasses all Americans by a ~IOnal an.d promotional material include of our present policy of boycotting Rhodesia blurred sense of reality, and a tendency to u:formatiOn for patients relating to the for the sin of failing to turn the country over mischievous, indeed sometimes revolting, al­ s1~e effe?ts and effectiveness of the drug. to the guerrilla leaders, whose well-fed legation.-(c1978) e Fmally, It would encourage physicians to spokesmen in the field no longer kill mission­ deal more frequently with generic names aries for the purpose of eating t.hem, satis­ b~ establishing a Federal drug compen­ fying themselves merely to kill them. diUm. The compendium would arrange Bishop Muzorewa, a black leader who has McKINNEY OPPOSED TO LIFTING fought successfully for political freedom for TURKISH ARMS EMBARGO drugs by their generic name within his people against a regime far fiercer and therapeutic and diagnostic categories. more determined than any that ever stood in . The Government must also attempt to the way of Martin Luther king and Andrew HON. STEWART B. MtKINNEY msure the availability of low cost drugs Young, has spoken to key senators and com­ OF CONNECTICUT mentators, and hopes he has made his point-­ does not encourage drug misuse. Misuse IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is a significant problem among senior that the economic persecution of Rhodesia is unwarranted, unjust, and hazardous to the Thursday, August 3, 1978 adults, who often do not fully under­ prospects of a biracial society, which is what stand the drug problems peculiar to old Rhodesia would become- the only such soci­ e Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, to­ age. For this reason, I urge the Commis­ ety in Africa, the rest of them being either day's vote on removing the remaining re­ sioner to establish a requirement that all-blacl< racist or all-white racist. strictions on U.S. arms sales to Turkey informational and promotional material Why-Bishop Muzorewa was asked-has he provides us all with a most difficult de­ include statements of side effects of par­ not approached black leaders in America and cision regarding our country's national ticular significance to the elderly. I also asked them for their support? The bishop security. Few would argue that both urge the Commissioner to undertake an hedged. Turkey and Greece are necessary for the There is, you see, the problem of Andrew informational campaign to increase Young, conspicuously-perhaps most con­ security of NATO's southeastern flank. awareness of the problems of drug mis­ spicuously-the figure in the Carter adminis­ Yet, the results of lifting the embargo use among the elderly and to institute tration who remains adamant in declining to have widespread, and perhaps negative, new labeling techniques which feature give the present regime a chance. ramifications on the essential alinement 24302 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 of these geographically strategic coun­ such assurance, however, and as a result reserve, and served his people with per­ tries which, until now, have discouraged other considerations must come into severance and loyalty. Warsaw Pact and Soviet aspirations to­ play. While he was alive, Father Damien ward the Mediterranean and Middle One factor which I believe has received inspired great and influential men world­ East. In addition, our rule of law and too little attention is the political impact wide to address themselves and their for­ our campaign to promote human rights that lifting the embargo will have on the tunes to conquering the dreaded disease, could be severely discredited as a result Karamanlis government. As my col­ leprosy. However, he contracted the dis­ of that decision this afternoon. league, Mr. DERWINSKI, said during yes­ ease himself, defeating the belief that While I and a majority of my col­ terday's debate: leprosy was inherited. Father Damien leagues have consistently opposed the The facts of life are that the anti-Kara­ died in Kalaupapa settlement, an apostle removal of the embargo in the past, this manlis minority in the Greek Government, among the lepers. year's vote has required many of us to led by Mr. Papandreou, who has a record of I wish to bring to the attention of my reevaluate our position. There is a new anti-Americanism that dates back many colleagues an article by Margaret Shel­ Turkish Government, after 4 years the years, would be perfectly capable of exploit­ gren, "Shepherd of the Lepers," that ap­ Cyprus problem remains unsolved and ing this issue and using it against the best interest of the government of Mr. peared in the July 1978 issue of the Greece's democratic institutions have Karam an lis. Knights of Columbus' Columbia maga­ been restcred and strengthened under zine. The article deals with Father the leadership of Prime Minister Kara­ Few would refute this statement, and Damien in the service of his God and his manlis. In view of these important events, it is possible that a socialist coalition fellow men. I am heartened to find that this year's formed of anti-NATO and proembargo The text follows: debate is less emotionally charged. I firm­ forces could succeed during the next SHEPHERD OF THE LEPERS ly believe most of us have thoroughly and election in gaining a majority in the (By Margaret Shelgren) In objectively reviewed the most up-to-date Greek Parliament. view of this danger On the threshold of Hawaii's State Capitol information available on this issue from to Greek democracy, coupled with my de­ a special anniversary is observed each year a wide variety of sources. This being the sire to support the rule of law while with much "aloha." These visitors and "lo­ case, let's now look at the facts. simultaneously promoting human rights, cals" gather on April 15 before a dark bronze The partial arms embargo against I must oppose the lifting of the partial statue and drape it with fragrant, multi­ Turkey is primarily symbolic. It has per­ embargo. colored flowers to pay tribute to a man who died on that day in 1889. mitted the delivery to Turkey of $724.9 If there were an immediate and justi­ The man so honored is their beloved "leper million in military aid and $10 million in fiable need for lifting the emoargo at this priest," Father Damien de Vuester, born in economic aid during the past 5 years. very moment perhaps I would weigh this 1840. The administration has time and again decision differently. The plain fact is, Very nearly as cont roversial as the man stated that the primary effect of lifting however, that President Carter is merely himself is the compelling monument known the embargo will be to instill renewed trying to eliminate a symbolic punish­ to people t he world over. Its ident ical twin trust and confidence between the United ment placed upon the Turkish Govern­ stands in Statuary Hall in the Capitol, Washington, D.C. , following action by the States and Turkey, not to strengthen a ment after they broke U.S. law and vio­ third legislature of the State of Hawaii. In decaying NATO partner. Also, as many lated the spirit of our alliance by using the mat ter of individuals to be commemo­ have pointed out, the Turkish Govern­ American weapons to invade Cyprus. rat ed nationally, the overwhelming first ment has made it quite clear that it will While we cannot be sure that lifting the choice went to the Belgian priest whose story remain in NATO regardless of the out­ embargo will provide the Socialist Party "has become the inspiration for all men come of the embargo vote. success in upcoming Greek elections, that who believe in the eternal principle of prospect seems more likely than a Cyprus brotherhood." Two years later Kamehameha It is just as clear that the 1975 em­ I, who welded the islands into a unified king­ bargo, while clearly required by the For­ settlement by an embargo-free Turkish dom, was designated as the second represent­ eign Assistance Act, has failed in its pri­ Government. In addition, given President ative from Hawaii to the hall of heroes. The mary objective of promoting a Cyprus Carter's supposed campaign to promote pair of stat ues was placed in 1969. settlement. Turkey has failed to respond basic human rights, I find his advocacy "Once in a while a state government does to previous congressional concessions of this proposal contradictory, in that it something right," said Alfred Frankenstein, with respect to the embargo; the Turkish rewards a country for ignoring our ef­ art critic and journalist from San Francisco. Government continues to occupy about forts to eliminate human rights viola­ "The main reason for my revisiting Statuary If Hall was to see the figure of Father Damien 40 percent of the island and full human tions in Cyprus. that campaign is to of Molokai . . . perhaps the only figure of rights have not been restored to the more succeed, this country must remain stead­ them all to which one will return." than 200,000 refugees now living there. fast and consistent in our condemna­ Yet strong objections had been voiced in In contrast is Greece, whose Prime tions. These arguments, and many others Hawaii over its selection. If there were those Minister has made clear that his gov­ belng discussed here today, make it mor­ who expected something "pretty," they heard ally and intellectually impossible for me how the artist Marisol worked from a picture ernment wishes to return to a full role taken two months before Damien's death in NATO, but cannot unless the embargo to support the President's proposal. I hope a majority of my colleagues agree. from leprosy. She had seen beauty in his is maintained as a way to encourage a physical ruin. For, as she said, "This was a just settlement on Cyprus. The opposi­ Thank you.• man who had found himself in Hawaii and tion to Mr. Karamanlis' government, led had become a Hawaiian. I cannot see Father by Andreas Papandreou, supports total Damien as a young European priest before and permanent withdrawal from NATO, he has accomplished what he wanted . . . and the Socialist Party's platform re­ FATHER DAMIEN: APOSTLE TO THE without the marks of his accomplishment . . . LEPERS I made a man, not a monument." ceives wide, but not as yet commanding, It was Mahatma Ghandi who remarked: support from the Greek citizenry. "The political and journalistic world can President Carter has repeatedly argued HON. CECIL (CEC) HEFTEL boast of very few heroes who compare with that, in view of the embargo's discourag­ Father Damien of Molokai ... It is worth­ ing results, we should embark on a dif­ OF HAWAII while to look for the sources of such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heroism." ferent course, "one which offers the Through artistic eyes, Marisol looked and prospect of real movement toward a Thursday, August 3, 1978 translated what she saw into bronze: the negotiated solution" in Cyprus. Such priest's devotion to his flock, his unfaltering may be the case, although I doubt the e Mr. HEFTEL. Mr. Speaker, when courage and the clear flame of his faith­ efficacy of this "carrot and stick" great and noble spirits are born into this "ideals toward which all men strive." Yet strategy which seeks to persuade after world, the lives of other men are blessed. any dissension the state-commissioned proj­ the carrot has been swallowed and only Hawaii is a land greatly blessed by such ect provoked was entirely consistent with the short-lived memory of the meal re­ a noble spirit. Although born in Belgium the Damien legend. The Martyr of Molokal in 1840, Father Damien de Vuester unwittingly evoked controversy not only in mains. I think it important to note that his lifetime but after death. I doubt if any of us here today would adopted Hawaii as his country and her He was "not the kind of person whose oppose the lifting of the embargo if we people, especially the lepers of Kalau­ character would immediately appeal to thou­ were sure such an action would result in a papa, as his family. As a priest in the sands," commented Michael F. McCauley, re­ just settlement for Cyprus. We have no Catholic faith, he loved his God without viewing two Damien biographies for "Com- August 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24303 monweal." "He was-as he himself admit­ flgure around the world. A sampling of those for hard work. With him, according to ted-headstrong. more than occasionally letters are recorded in the pamphlet identi­ Daws, "things to think about were often impatient, driven by superhuman endurance fied as H.R. 11180, published by the U.S. Gov­ turned into things to do." And as the ardent and obstinately unyielding. An altogether ernment Printing Office, 1976. young postulant became known for his difficult person to work with and, to a cer­ The author of one such letter is biographer stamina, amiability and impulsiveness, he tain extent, difficult to portray with the Gavan Daws, now professor of Pacific History was well-liked by all. typical aura of the plaster saint." at the Institute of Advanced Studies in the In appearance he was rather short and Despite all this-indeed because of it­ Australian National University. A non-Cath­ stocky, with a broad se.t of features and a "his influence," according to one young stu­ olic-in fact a "non-Christian in the strict tendency toward near-sightedness. But he dent, "never stops . . . We want to be sense of the word"-Daws evaluates "the attracted others by his vitality and goodness. shown ... not told." Damien's ultimate dem­ leper priest" as a great man in the history Apparently his understandings were onstration of his faith completely overshad­ of Hawaii, the history of the United States crystallized when he professed his vows in ows any other aspect of his life: the jeal­ and the history of the world in relation to the congregation. His letters afterward con­ ousies, criticism and viliflcation that are so leprosy. veyed a more fatherly authority: "Attend often the encumbrance of strong, single­ In light of current approbation why did to the sacraments; pray day and night; do purposed individuals. It is his record of self­ controversy surround this exceptional man in nothing except for the glory of God; medi­ sacrifice and dedication without compromise life? tate on His great love, on the gravity of sin, that speaks for itself. His youth had been quite commonplace. on death, on the last judgment ..." "He was a man who loved his God without Born Jan. 3, 1840, in the peaceful farming Three years later he embarked for reserve. Whatever he did was for the glory village of Tremeloo in Belgium, he was one Hawaii, "young and very green" in the eyes and honor of God. He loved his adopted of eight children in the household of Frans of his superior, but released for the Pacific country, Hawaii. He loved his people and and Catherine de Vuester. For his flrst 20 mission by the father-general of the con­ worked with them constantly. He was a man yearn Damien was known as Joseph-named gregation. Because Father Pamphile­ who worked with perseverance, regardless of for the head of the Holy Family by a kins­ chosen to make the voyage-had fallen ill the trials he encountered." In these words man acting as godfather. of typhus, Damien would go in his broth­ Brother Grimaldi, principal of Damien High Days followed a simple pattern where er's place, following Christ's command to School in Honolulu, eulogized the world­ tilling the soil and obedience to God's laws "teach all nations." renowned priest on the 87th anniversary of earned contentment. As a youth Joseph saw "It would be impossible for me to tell you his death. two sisters and a brother embrace the re­ of the immense happiness of the mission­ "In a very real sense he transcended all ligious life. ary," he wrote his parents, "when he sees creedal differences in his service to the peo­ As for himself, the lad displayed a streak the new country which he must water with ple of Hawaii," Gov. George Ariyoshi said at of mischief, a certain degree of obstinacy and his sweat each day in order to win these the same occasion of the humble European a love of solitude, none of which set him uncivllized ::;ouls to God." who came to care for Hawaii's "living dead." apart from others of his age. He excelled in This "new country"-Honolulu in "I would ask," he continued, "that you games, performed his share of farm chores March 1864-saw Damien with two other honor th1s great individual, not only by your and learned a few skills from the village brothers attending a mission college to presence here today, but-as a Catholic, in blacksmith, until he had completed such prepare for ordination. Then on May 12, he your own faith, and non-Catholics, in formal education as the nearby elementary be:::ame a priest in Our Lady of Peace your own way-by being a servant of God, a school at Werchter could offer. Cathedral, still standing in Honolulu's Fort servant of all the people of Ha wail and of the Thereupon the youngster was sent to an Street Mall. academy at Braine-le-Compt for additional world." But no such landmark remains on the Echoing the feelings expressed in Hono­ courses, but primarily to learn French. Flemish would be too provincial for a man Island of Hawaii where the new priest lulu, Patsy T. Mink testified before the Na­ toiled in the Puna and Kohala Districts, tional Parks Subcommittee in Washington, in business, and Joseph's father had decided that his youngest son must be a merchant. "heroic labor endured beneath the blazing D.C., two weeks later, as she sought to estab­ sun, for he was builder, carpenter and even lish a park where Damien toiled and died: Joseph formed no close friendships in the new environment but spent his limited leis­ architect" or where "he celebrated Mass on "The legacy of untiring devotion and care mountainside or in native huts, wherever that Father Damien left has served as a ure time in solitary rambles and in letter­ writing. a few of the faithful could be induced to source of inspiration and directed much at­ "It is to you, my dear parents, that I owe gather, and his sturdy, cassock-swathed tention to leprosy. As modern methods of the education which I am receiving and figure became a familiar sight as he treatment have developed through the years, which will be useful to me all my life. I do tramped his little domain," Farrow says. the patient population has dwindled to no not know how I can ever prove, as I ought, But he would play out a greater drama and more than 150, most of whom currently live my gratitude to you for all the beneflts you meet death with the lepers on Molokai, hav­ at Kalaupapa by choice." have conferred upon me from my earliest ing answered an appeal for "a noble Chris­ But in 1873, when young D::lmien vowed to years," he once wrote. go "to Molokai and labor for the poor lepers, tian priest, preacher or sister to go and per­ At the same time he contemplated a re­ manently console these poor wretches." Such whose wretched state of bodily and spiritual ligious vocation-this made more relevant misfortune has often made my heart bleed a plea made in the Hawaiian newspaper through a steady correspondence with his "Nuhou," in regard to the "living dead" exiled within me" BOO people were conflned on the brother Auguste (Brother Pamphile) then a lonely peninsula. Of this number about 650 on Kalawao Peninsula, resulted in renewed novice with the Sacred Hearts Fathers. Dur­ rivalry between Catholics and Protestants­ were seriously ill, many urgently in need of ing the summer of 1858 the two studied the last sacrament. the latter feeling, apparently, that Damien's together in the monastery of the Sacred sacrifice was a reflection upon themselves. To alleviate the suffering that character­ Hearts, from which Joseph returned to school ized the place, the newcomer threw himself They resented the favorable press coverage. with an even firmer resolve to dedicate his Stlll, even Bishop Louis Maigret, SS.CC., into an around-the-clock regime, giving life to God. equally of his compassionate help to Catholic After countless hours in prayer and medi­ of Honolulu could not explain the devotion and non-Catholic victims of the age-old tation, he considered his physical capab111ties, that Damien roused locally. scourge. together with his affinity for solitude and "He was being admired and exalted for his "But never by a single act or word of con­ silence, as suited to the Trappist Order. But sacrifice in going among the victims of descension was he to show that he regarded when Pamphile heard Joseph's ideas he pro­ leprosy without a place to live, without the his services or his coming to Molokai as a posed that his younger brother follow him necessities of life. And yet, there was noth­ deed particularly heroic or a favor in any into the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts. ing unusual in this among the Sacred Hearts way to the lepers," John Farrow wrote in And Joseph changed his mind. fathers and brothers at Kalawao before "Damien the Leper." Damien. But all that had happened without Joining that popular biography (which re­ "He was on the verge," Daws wrote, "of crossing from the farm to the Church, aban­ noise, without public admiration," reports viewers call "pietistic" and "inaccurate"), Daws. two other works appeared in the centenary doning a worldly occupation for a religious vocation, leaving one family for another, set­ Why try to explain a miracle? year of Damien's arrival in the leprosy settle­ ting about not his father's but his Father's ment. These are "Holy Man: Father Damien People now, as they did a century ago, want of Molokai" by Gavan Daws, and "A Man for business." to account for Damien's unpretentious glft Now" by John Beevers. "Do not stop me, because to forbid your of inspiring others-the charisma that at­ These two volumes, according to McCauley, son to follow the will of God in choosing a tracted worldwide attention. And they tabu­ "could arouse enough interest to inspire an condition in life would be an ingratitude late his physical accomplishments. apathetic Christian population." that would bring down cruel punishments In the year before he died, the number But the apathy to which he refers is no­ upon you," Joseph de Vuester said in a let­ of buildings in the settlement was inven­ where evident in the 50th state. Rather, the ter to his parents dated Dec. 25, 1858. toried at 374. Most had been built during his response to Mrs. Mink's crusade to save They concurred with his wishes. tenure, many by the priest himself. An indig­ Kalaupapa from future development was im­ In taking the religious habit and the nant and highly vocal advocate on behalf pressive. Few of the letters supportive of her name Brother Damien, Joseph de Vuester of his forgotten and miserable flock, the measure failed to mention the legacy of sel!­ lacked the usual academic preparation, but "holy man" of Molokai demanded housing less service that made Damien a venerated excelled in thoughtfulness and the capacity materials for sick people who lay on damp 24304 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 grass in dilapidated shacks. And government she carried on Damien's tradition of com­ whole dimension of his influence will be un­ funds barely provided them with food. passionate service. covered in time. Naturally his vehemence kept him in "hot Within six months of her arrival "the leper In the meantime Hawaii has preserved the water" with the board of health, which priest" was dead. However he was consoled by area where Damien toiled and died. And it is called him "obstinate, headstrong, brusque their prer. ence: "When I think that my poor here that a growing number of pilgrims re­ and officious." He could not act otherwise. afflicted children will have a mother's care, tra ce the heroic priest's footsteps, now that Deliberations and "red tape"-whether I am happy indeed!" modern science has eliminated the stigma political or religious-were incomprehensible "The only real change came in the 1930s,'' Molokai once wore. to him. Nothing, to his way of thinking, took according to Kenneth Ho, director of public More and more tourists are seeking first­ precedence over "his children's" needs, relations at St. Francis High School in Hono­ hand the landscape Damien knew so well, whether he dealt with church or civil au­ lulu, "when the Territorial Government be­ remnants of his handiwork, the graves he thorities. gan hiring additional people to help staff dug and the precipice he climbed to take the Like a true son of God, he went about Kalaupapa and the Franciscans began receiv­ Gospel to healthy congregations on the other doing good, drawing criticism for his im­ ing financial considerations." sido of the island. pulsiveness and the bold methods he used Today the tradition is perpetuated by a In Kalaupapa today, individuals are "get­ to alleviate suffering. Like Christ he was Franciscan nun who presides over nine nurses ting involved" with that former "keeper of reviled and scorned by those he put to shame, in a 23-bed hospital. Sister Wilma tells how the garden of the dead," as he called himself. many of whom spoke out against him, trying she came to Molokai in 1946, taking up resi­ "I believe that there is something of him to justify their petty lives. dence in a rotting, termite-infested old in every one of us," concludes Nino Martin, His record is eloquent. wooden building just before sulfones were executive producer and director of the TV Timothy Cardinal Manning, archbishop of discovered as an effective treatment for Han­ special, "Damien," who does not hesitate to Los Angeles, in Honolulu for the celebra­ sen's disease. "I told my mother that when explain his emotional involvement with "the tion of Catholicism's 150th anniversary in I grew up I would become a nun and work in leper priest." Hawaii, spoke of the future, anticipating "a Father Damien's place," she said in a recent "Damien wa;::; committed to his own special much finer Church of convinced and dedi­ interview. concept s and philosophies," he points out. cated people capable of articulating their Like an echo ... "Father Damien has been "A humanitarian, he fought the opposition faith and serving it." my hero since childhood," remarked Padre and maintained his integrity with no fear Although future numbers cannot be pre­ Humberto Almazan, internationally famous of the consequences. In fact he transcended dicted, he stressed that influence never de­ movie star who became a priest in 1966. As fear. I know that working on his story has pends upon numbers and pointed to the work executive producer and principal actor, he changed me. I am now able to reaffirm my of Father Damien, saying: "One man's life played the role of Damien in a million-dollar beliefs and stick to them. Damien demon­ can send ripples through the world." picture filmed in Hawaii in 1976. Profits from strated how to oppose massive forces and And Damien's "ripples" moved men like the venture go to the Holy Apostles se:ni­ make changes." Ira Barnes (Brother Joseph Dutton) to leave naries in Connecticut, Washington, D.C., and Martin's experience, including filming on his job in America, and Brother James Sin­ South America, as well as benefiting leper location at Kalaupapa, left h im "emotionally nett to come from Ireland, to work on Kala­ missions in Indonesia. drained," he said. wao Peninsula. "Th.e chance to tell this man's story is a Apple describes how he became engrossed The Rev. Hugh Chapman, Anglican priest fantastic privilege," he said. "In my decision with Molokai's saint. Assigned to a study of in London, established and maintained a fund to become a missionary priest I was inspired the peninsula, t he historian concluded: for Damien's use, despite accusations that by nobody else but Damien." "Everything that seemed to have happened the Britisher wanted "to create sympathy for If Damien was a difficult man, historians that was good for Kalaupapa seems seems to an idolatrous priest in that abominable feel that his colleagues and superiors were have been caused by Damien." region." difficult as well-yet all were in a difficult "As modern Catholics look to postconciliar Individuals like American surgeon G. W. situat.ion. But of the peasant priest who spirituality for answers to the questions Woods and British philanthropist Edward earned the decoration of Knight Commander about tomorrow," Maggie Bunson writes, "a Clifford-drawn to Hawaii by Damien's repu­ of t he Royal Order of Kalakaua, Daws says he man like DJ.mien takes on a new aura." tation-went to study leprosy centers else­ was "an unusual man, livi;ng in a turbulence And in a very real sense Hawaii needs no where. Thus one highly significant aspect of of h cliness." landmark~ to keep his memory alive. Where DJ.mien's career was a change in the world's Damien, described by Robert Louis Steven­ Damien's name is a household word, the attitude toward Ha nsen's disease, as leprosy son as "a man who wish his own idiosyn­ "apostle of the lepers" is honored by people i::> more accurately known. His very illness cracies and personal defects, with all the of all races and creeds, for he transcended all made a lie of popular misconceptions re­ grime and paltriness of mankind-but none­ the diff erence::; in hi~ adopted land. garding the disease, making it plain for in­ theless a hero and a saint," was slandered stance that leprosy is contagious, not he­ after death in a letter written by a Protestant reditary, and stimulating a concerted effort clergyman in Honolulu. Stevenson sprang to to stamp out mankind's most hideous ail­ his defense and wrote the famous broadside ABORTION: RULES FOR DEBATE ment. which caused worldwide discussion of Dam­ News of Damien's deat h brought word that len the man. Chapman would continue the fund for Da­ Despite the remark by Bishop Herman HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN mien's cause. With its concepts and purposes Koeckemann, SS.CC., of Honolulu in 1890, enlarged, the project became known as the that "probably no place in the world con­ OF MASSACHUSETTS National Leprosy Fund. Its contributors cerns itself less about Damien than the is­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lands," the "ripples" which fanned out from numbered many officials and socially prcm­ Thursday, August 3, 1978 inent people- including the archibishop of Molokai were broader and deeper than any­ Canterbury and the prince of Wales- and it one living then could know. e Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, Father supported leprosy research not only in Jndia Who could measure the "aloha" in the hearts of islanders? Richard McCormick, S.J., is one of the and other British colonies, but provided spe­ most distinguished Catholic moral theo­ cial treatment for victims in England. "Because he touched them, hugged them in Hawaiian-style greeting, conversed with logians in the modern world. He is pro­ It paid too for the monument that stands them in their language, dressed their sores. fessor of Christian ethics at the Center in Kalaupapa today-a granite cross bearing amputated as necessary their fingers, toes for Bioethics at the Kennedy Institute of a bas relief of Damien 's head. Designed b y or feet, shared his tobacco pipe, dipped into Edward Clifford (who had painted land­ Georgetown University in Washington, the common calabash of 'poi,' laughed with D.C. scapes on the pensinsula and written a book them, played with diseased children and about Damien) , the British monument is in­ showed no cultural distress at their disfigure­ Father McCormick published an arti­ scribed in both England and Hawaiian : ment, Damien was accepted by the leprosy cle in the July 22 issue of America "Greater love hath no man than this, that patients," explains Russell Apple, Parks magazine, the national Catholic weekly, a man lay down his life for his friends." Services historian. No other white man ever entitled "Abortion: Rules for Debate." Me:mwhile Mother Marianne Cope had re­ became one of them. This discussion, printed in the Jesuit linquished authority as provincial superior And in that very witness-Damien's pa­ of the Syracuse Franciscans. answering the weekly, America, is reprinted here in its tience, gentleness, humility, poverty and entirety: Hawaiian king's request for sisters to help in sacrificial love-men saw Christ and realized, Honolulu's Kakaako Hospital for lepers. as has been said, that "in most things Jesus ABORTION: RULES FOR DEBATE What she considered her real work however was a scandal to the times." (By Richard A. McCormick) began in 1888, when Damien-in failing With the rapid growth of the Sacred Hearts There are a million legal abortions done health- appealed for female assistance on Congregation as proof that he produced reli­ annually in the United States. If this is what Molokai. She did not send him sisters; in­ gious vocations, Damien's canonization pro­ many people think it is (unjustified killing stead she took them, against advice that con­ cedures were begun in 1938. Of the testimony of human beings, in most cases), then It ditions were too dreadful for women. accruing it is revealed that 60,000 cases of certainly constitutes the major moral tragedy Mother Marianne simply said : "In God's aid to supplicants in Spain alone were re­ of our country. In contrast, over many years name we will go." And for the next 40 years corded within a 20-year period. Perhaps the 50,000 Americans were lost in Vietnam. About August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24305 the problem of abortion and its regulation, and social causes of abortion. One thinks Distinguish the pairs right-wrong, good­ however, Americans are profoundly polarized, immediately of better sex education (which and there seems little hope of unlocking bad. Repeatedly I have heard discussants is not equivalent to so-called plumbing in­ say of a woman who has had an abortion: deeply protected positions to reach any kind structions) • better prenatal and perinatal of national consensus. Yet surely that is "She thought at the time and afterwards care, reduced poverty, various forms of family that it was not morally wrong." Or: "She is desirable on an issue so grave. support, more adequate institutional care of I have been professionally involved in this convinced she made the right decision." It is developmentally disabled children, etc. Fur­ then immediately added that the moral char­ problem for well over 20 years, on podium thermore, anyone who sees abortion as a and in print, and above all in many hundreds acter of an action depends above all on the sometimes tragic necessity should in consist­ perceptions of the person performing it. of hours of conversation. Such experiences ency be practically supportive of alternatives do not necessarily increase wisdom. But they Indeed it does. But the term "moral to this procedure. While these two areas of character" needs a further distinction. One do generate some rather clear impressions agreement will not eliminate differences, they about the quality of discourse on the prob­ will-especially in combination with an over­ who desires to do and intends to do what is lem of abortion. I have to conclude, regret­ all concern for the quality of life at all supportive and promotive of others (benef­ tably, that the level of conversation is de­ stages-inspire the stirrings of mutual re­ icence). performs a good act. That person plorably low. On both sides, slogans are used spect that improve the climate of discussion. may actually and mistakenly do what is un­ as if they were arguments; the sound level That is no little achievement in this area. fortunately harmful, and then the action is rises as verbal bludgeoning and interruptions A void the use of slogans. Slogans are the morally wrong, but it is morally good. On multiply; the dialogue of the deaf continues. weapon of the crusader, one who sees his role the contrary, one who acts from motives of Some of our most prestigious news media as warfare, generally against those sharply selfishness, hatred, envy, performs an evil, (e.g., The New York Times, The Washington defined as " the enemy." Fighting for good or bad, act. Thus, a surgeon may act out of Post) support policies that stem from moral causes clearly has its place, as do slogans. the most selfish and despicable motives as he positions whose premises and assumptions The political rally or the protest demonstra­ a:>erforms brilliant lifesaving surgery. His they have not sufficiently examined, let alone tion are good examples. But slogans are not action is morally bad but morally right. One's argued. The same can be said of some anti­ very enlightening conversational tools, sim­ action can therefore, be morally good, but abortionists in the policies they propose. An ply because they bypass and effectively sub­ still morally wrong. It can be morally right, executive assistant in the Senate told me vert the process of communication. but moully bad. · recently that the two most obnoxious lob­ I have in mind two current examples. The The discussion about abortion concerns bies on the hill are the anti-abortionists and first is the use of the term "murder" to de­ moral rightness and wrongness. This argu­ the pro-abortionists. Briefly, civil conversa­ scribe abortion. "Murder" is a composite ment is not settled or even much enlightened tion on this subject has all but disappeared. value term that means (morally) unjustified by appealing to what a person thought o! it Perhaps that is as it should be. Perhaps now killing of another person. There are also legal at the time, or thinks of it afterward. Nor is the time for camoing in abortion clinics qualifiers to what is to count as murder. To is it settled by the good and upright inten­ or beneath Joseph Califano's office windows. use that term does not clarify an argument tions of the woman or the physician. Those But I think not, at least in the sense that if the very issue at stake is justifiability. who destroyed villages in VietnJ.m to liberate such tactics should not replace disciplined Rather it brands a position and, incidentally, them often undoubtedly acted from the best argument. those who hold it. It is a conversation stop­ of intentions, but were morally wrong. Many of us have become bone weary of this per. Moreover, the term "murder" is abso­ Not only is this distinction important in discussion. But to yield to such fatigue would lutely unnecessary in the defense of the itself; beyond its own importance, it allows be to run from a problem, not wrestle with traditional Christian position on abortion. one to disagree agreeably- that is, without it. If stay we ought and must, then it may On the other hand, "a woman has a right implying, suggesting or predicating moral be of help to propose a set of "rules for con­ to her own body" is not an argument. It is e vil of the person one believes to be morally versation," the observance of which could the conclusion of a~ often unexamined argu­ wrong. This would be a precious gain in a nudge us toward more communicative con­ ment and therefore a slogan with some discussion that often witnesses this particu­ versation. That is surely a modest achieve­ highly questionable assumptions. For in­ lar and serious collapse of courtesy. ment, but where the level of discourse is as stance: th.at the fetus is, for these purposes, Try to identify the core issue at stake. chaotic and sclerotic as it is, modesty recom­ a patt of the woman's body; that rights over There are. of course, many issues that cluster mends itself, especially when so many begged one's body are absolute; that abortion has around the subject of abortion. There are questions and non sequiturs are traceable to nothing to do with a husband, etc. To rattle issues of health (fetal, maternal), family violations of some of the fundamental points some of these assumptions, it is sufficient to stability, justice (e.g., rape) . illegitimacy, raised below. I do not believe these guide­ point out that few would grant that a wom­ etc. They are all genuine concerns and can lines call for compromise or abandonment an's rights over her own body include the represent sources of real hardship and suf­ of anyone's moral conviction. At least they right to take thalidomide during pregnancy. fering. Those who believe that abortion is The Supreme Court of our nation has gone are not deliberately calculated to do this. sometimes justifiable have made a judgment pretty far in endorsing some of these assump­ Basic moral convictions have roots, after all, that the hardships of the woman or family in some rather nonrational (which is not to tions. But even justices not above the use of take precedence over nascent life in moral say irrational) layers of our being. Rather. a little "raw judicial power" would choke, I these suggestions are but attempts to vent think, on the above slogan as an apt way calculation. Those who take an opposing and circumvent the frustrations that cling to summarize the issue. view weigh the scales differently. to bad arguments. In qualifying certain argu­ Represent the opposing position accurately The core issue is, therefore, the evaluation ments as "bad," one unavoidably gives his and fairly. Even to mention this seems some­ of nascent life. By this I do not refer to the position away at some point. But that is thing of an insult. It contains an implie:i question about the beginning of personhood. neither here nor there if the points made accusation. Unfortunately, the accusJ.tion is That is a legitimate and important discus­ have indeoendent validity. Perhaps the fol­ too often on target. For instance, those op­ sion. But the definition of "person" is often lowing can be helpful. posed to abortion sometimes argue that the elaborated with a purpose in mind. That is, Attempt to identify areas of agreement. woman who has an abortion is "antilife" one defines and then grants or does not grant Where issues are urgent and disputants have or has no concern for her fetus. This may personhood in terms of what one wants to enormous personal stakes and investments, be the case sometimes, but I believe it does do and thinks it appropriate to do with non­ there is a tendency to draw sharp lines very not take sufficient account of the sense of persons. That this can be a dog-chasing-tail quickly and begin the shootout. Anything desperate conflict experienced by many definition is quite clear. As Princeton's Paul else strikes the frank, let-it-hang-out Amer­ women who seek abortions. A sense of trag­ Ramsey is fond of saying: Does one really ican mind as hypocrisy. We have, it is argued, edy would not exist if women had no concern need a Ph.D. from Harvard to be a person, or seen too many instances where a spade is for their intrauterine offspring. is a functioning cerebral cortex quite called a shovel. Serious moral issues only get On the other hand, those who disagree sufficient? postponed by such politesse. Well and good. with a highly restrictive moral position on The core issue, then, concerns the But this misses an important point: There abortion sometimes describe this position as moral claims the nascent human being are broad areas of agreement in this matter. (what Pope Paul VI in a brilliant and explicitly speaking of them at times will "absolutist" and say that it involves "total preoccupation with the status of the un­ finesse, referred to as personne en devenir, at least soften the din of conversation and born." This is the wording of the unfortunate a person in the process of becoming) soundproof the atmosphere. Some of those makes on us. Do these frequently or areas are the following. "Call to Concern" (Christianity and Crisis, Oct. 3, 1977) . which was aimed explicitly at only very rarely yield to what appear to be Both those who find abortion morally re­ the American Catholic hierarchy. The track extremely difficult alternatives? And above pugnant and those who do not would agree record of the hierarchy on social concerns all, why or why not? That is, in my judg­ that abortion is, in most cases, a tragic thing, over a broad range of issues is enough to ment, the heart of the abortion debate. It an undesirable thing. It is not a tooth ex­ reveal the calumnious character of such pro­ must be met head on. It is illumined traction, though some heavy doses of wish­ tests. As Not re Dame's James Burtchaell neither by fiat statements about the inviol­ ful thinking and sanitized language ("the wrote apropos of this manifesto: "Ethicians able rights of fetuses nor by assertions procedure" ) sometimes present it this way. are expected to restrain themselves from mis­ about a woman's freedom of choice. These Therefore, all discussants should be clear­ representing positions with which they dis­ promulgate a conclusion. They do not share headedly and whole-heartedly behind poli­ agree" (Christianity and Crisis, Nov. 14, with us how one arrived at it. cies that attempt to frustrate the personal 1977). Admit doubts, difficulties and weaknesses 24306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 in one's own position. When people are direct abortion was never permissible, even nancy is "implicit in the concept of ordered passionately concerned with a subject, as to save the life of the mother. As this was liberty." they should be in this case, they tend to understood, it meant simply and drastically: That is but a formulation of the notion overlook or even closet their own doubts and Better two deaths than one murder. Con­ of constitutionally assured liberty, and to problems. Understandable as this is-who cretely, if the only alternatives facing a treat it as more than that, as an ironclad will cast the first stone?- i.t is not a service woman and physician were either abort or edict, is to preempt legal development. In­ to the truth or to good moral argument. lose both mother and child, the conclusion deed, the Court itself gives this away when it For instance, those with permissive views was drawn that even then the direct dispos­ treats the term "person" in the Constitution on abortion (who often favor Medicaid ing of the fetus was morally wrong. in a very static and nondevelopmental way, funding) sometimes argue that denial of That is a formulation-and almost no one, as John Noonan has repeatedly pointed out. Medicaid funding means a return to the whether liberal or conservative, endorses the It looks at the meaning of the term at the back-alley butchers for many thousands of conclusion as an adequate and accurate way of communicating the basic value judgment time of the adoption of the Constitution and poor. This is deceptively appealing to a. freezes it there-just the opposite of what sensitive social conscience. But it fails to (substance) of the matter. Some moral theo­ logians would say, in contrast to the popes, it does with the term "liberty." Such vagaries deal with the fact that in some, perhaps reveal that the Court's decisions and dicta very many places, there is precious little that in this instance the abortion is indirect and permissible. Others would say, again in are hardly identical with the substance of price differential between the butchers and the Constitution. To argue as if they were is the clinics that now offer abortion services. contrast to the popes, that it is direct but still permissible. For instance, the Catholic to confuse legal substance and legal formu­ So why go to the butchers? Furthermore, it lations, and to choke oii conversation. In conveniently overlooks the fact, noted by Bishop of Augsburg, Josef Stimpfie, recently stated: "He who performs an abortion, brief, we must know and treasure our tradi­ Daniel Callahan (Christianity and Crisis, tions without being enslaved by them. Jan. 8, 1973), that the woman most com­ except to save the life of the mother sins gravely and burdens his conscience with the Distinguish morality and public policy. It monly seeking an abortion is not the poor, is the temptation of the Anglo-American overburdened mother of many children, but killing of human life.'' A similar statement was made by the entire Belgian hierarchy in tradition to identify these two. We are a "an unmarried, very young woman of mod­ pragmatic and litigious people for whom law est, or relatively affluent means whose main its 1973 declaration on abortion. Of those very rare and desperate conflict instances, is the answer to all problems, the only answer 'indication' for abortion will be her ex­ and a fully adequate answer. Thus many pressed wish not to have a (this] child the Belgian bishops stated: "The moral principle which ought to govern the inter­ people confuse morality and public policy. If [now]." something is removed from the penal code, Or, again, it is occasionally argued that vention can be formulated as follows: Since two lives are at stake, one wlll, while doing it is viewed as morally right and permissible. in a pluralistic society we should refrain And if an act is seen as morally wrong, many from imposing our moral views on others. everything possible to save both, attempt to save one rather than to allow two to perish." want it made lllegal. Behold the "there ought This was the solution of The New York to be a law" syndrome. Times (Jan. 23, 1973), when it welcomed What is clear is that all would arrive at a conclusion different from the official one, This is not only conceptually wrong; it is the Wade-Bolton decisions of the Supreme conversationally mischievous. It gets people Court. It stated: "Nothing in the Court's even though the language might differ in each case. with strong moral convictions locked into approach ought to give affront to persons debates about public policy, as if only one who oppose all abortion for reasons of re­ The point here is, of course, that ethical formulations, being the product of human public policy were possible given a certain ligion or individual conviction. They can moral position. That is simplistic. While stand as firmly as ever for those principles, language, philosophy and imperfection, are only more or less adequate to the substanc~ morality and law are intimately related, they provided they do not seek to impede the are obviously not identical. The closer we freedom of those with an opposite view." of our moral convictions at a given time. get to basic human rights, however, the I agree with Union Theological's Roger They wlll always show the imprint of human Shinn when he says that this view is sim­ handling. This was explicitly acknowledged closer the relationship ought to be in a well­ plistic and disguises its own weaknesses. He by Pope John XXIII in his speech (Oct. 11, ordered society. It is quite possible for those wrote: "If a person or group honestly be­ 1962) opening the Second Vatican Council. with permissive moral convictions on abor­ lieves that abortion is the killing of persons, It was echoed by Vatican II in "Ga'udium et tion to believe that more regulation is re­ there is no moral comfort in being told, Spes": "Furthermore, while adhering to the quired than is presently provided in the 'Nobody requires you to kill. We are only methods and requirements proper to theol­ Wade and Bolton decisions. Contrarily, it is giving permission to others to do what you ogy, theologians are invited to seek contin­ possible for those with more stringent moral consider killing.'" The protester ought ually for more suitable ways of communicat­ persuasions to argue that there are several surely to reply that one key function of ing doctrine to the men of their times. For ways in which these might be mirrored in law is to protect minorities of all types: po­ the deposit of faith or revealed truths are public policy. one thing; the manner in which they are litical, racial, religious and, as here, unborn I am not arguing here for this or that (cf. Perkins Journal, Fall 1973). formulated without violence to their mean­ ing and significance is another" (n. 62). public policy (though I am personally deeply On the other hand, the traditional Chris­ dissatisfied with the present one on nearly tian view on abortion (until recently, uni­ This statement must be properly under­ versally proposed by the Christian churches) stood. Otherwise theology could easily be all grounds). The point, rather. is that public was that the fetus was inviolable from the reduced to word shuffling. If there is a dis­ discourse would be immeasurably purified moment of conception. There are, I believe, tinction between substance and formulation if care were taken by disputants to relate certain phenomena in the preimplantation there is also an extremely close, indeed in: morality and public policy in a more nuanced period that raise doubts and questions about separable, connection. One might say they way than now prevails. evaluation-and that is all, namely, they do are related as are body and soul. The con­ Distinguish morality and pastoral care or not yield certainties. I have in mind the nection is so intimate that it is difficult tc practice. A moral statement is one that at­ twinning process, the estimated number of know just what the substance is amidst tempts to summarize the moral right or spontaneous abortions (thought to be huge) variation of formulation. The formulation wrong, and then invites to its realization in and, above all, the rare process of recom­ can easily betray the substance. Further­ our conduct. As the well-known Redemption- bination of two fert111zed ova into one. more, because of this close connection, it is 1st theologian Bernard Haring words it: To admit that such phenomena raise serious frequently difficult to know just what is Moral theology operates on a level "where evaluative problems is quite in place, if as a changeable, what permanent. Where abor­ questions are raised about general rules or matter of fact they do. Indeed, I would argue tion is concerned, one could argue that the considerations that would justify a particu­ that 1t is a disservice to the overall health church's substantial conviction is that abor­ lar moral judgment" (Medical Ethics, p. 89). and viab111ty of the traditional Christian tion is tolerable only when it is a life-saving, A moral statement is thus an abstract state­ evaluation to extend its clarity and certainty therefore also life-serving, intervention. Be ment, not in the sense that it has nothing into areas where there are grounds for resid­ that as it may, to conduct discussion as if to do with real life, or with particular deci­ ual and nagging doubts. substance and formulation were identical ls sions, but in the sense that it abstracts or Distinguish the formulation and sub­ to get enslaved to formulations. Such captiv­ prescinds from the ability of this or that per­ stance of a moral conviction. This may seem ity forecloses conversations. son to understand it and live. it. a refined, even supertechnical and sophis­ On the other hand, something similar must Pastoral care (and pastoral statements), by ticated, guideline better left in the footnotes be said of the 1973 abortion decisions of the contrast, looks to the art of the possible. It of the ethical elite. Actually, I believe it is U.S. Supreme Court. The Court was "evolu­ deals with an individual where that person enormously important for bringing conver­ tionary" in interpreting the notion of lib­ is in terms of his or her strengths, percep­ sationalists out of their trenches. And it erty enacted in 1868 as the 14th Amendment tions, biography, circumstances (financial, applies to both sides of this national debate. to the Constitution. There is no evidence medical, educational, familial, psycholog­ For instance, not a few anti-abortionists that the Congress and states understood that ical). Although pastoral care attempts to ex­ appeal to the formulations of recent official amendment to include the liberty to abort. pand perspectives and maximize strengths, it Catholic leaders in stating their moral con­ Yet the Court asserts that "liberty" there recognizes at times the limits of these victions. Specifically, Plus XI and Pius XII must be read in a way consistent with the attempts. both stated (and, with them, traditional demands of the present day. Therefore, it Concretely, one with strong convictions Catholic ethical treatises on abortion) that concluded that the right to terminate preg- about the moral wrongfulness of abortion August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24307 could and should be one who realizes that proceeds at its own peril if it ignores women's must be pursued to add one more OPEC­ there are many who by education, familial perspectives. As Martin I. Silvermann re­ proof element to our energy supplies. and religious background, economic circum­ marked in a recent issue of Sh'ma: "The However, the study also confirms the stances, are, or appear to be, simply incapable arguments change when you must face the earlier GAO, CBO, and OTA conclusions in those circumstances of assimilating such women" (Jan. 20, 1978). convictions and living them out. at least here One need not make premature peace with that the NEP set coal expectations un­ and now. This means that compassion and radical feminists or kneejerk pro-abortionists realistically high and that alternative understanding extended to the woman who to say this. Quite the contrary. One need only fuels must be maximized in the near is contemplating an abortion or has had be familiar with the growing body of litera­ term. Solar generation, geothermal, small one need by no means require abandonment ture on abortion by women (e.g., Linda Bird hydroele·ctric, biomass, and others all of one's moral convictions. Similarly, it Francke's The Ambivalence of Abortion, Ran­ offer New England indigenous energy means that a strong a nd unswerving adher­ dom House, or Sidney Callahan's essays on supplies and new prospects for economic ence to a moral position need not connote abortion) to believe that the woman's per­ growth and employment. It just seems the absence of pastoral compassion and deaf­ spective is an important ingredient in this ness to the resonances of tragic circum­ discussion. To those who believe that this that environmental and economic con­ stances. I believe th.at if more people under­ is tantamount to conferring infall1bility on straints prevent the immediate substitu­ stood this, the abortion discussion would oc­ Gloria Steinem, it must be pointed out that tion of coal for oil and New England cur in an atmosphere of greater tranquility, in nearly every national poll, women test out must await further developments in coal sensitivity and humaneness-and therefore more conservatively than men on the moral­ oils and gases before our coal use can contain more genuine communication. ity of abortion. expand beyond these levels. Incorporate the woman's perspective, or women's perspectives. I include this because, These are but a few guidelines for discus­ I would be remiss if I did not cal1 your sion. I am sure that there are many more, attention to the work done on this study well, frankly, I have been told to. And I am perhaps some of even greater importance sure that there are many who will complain: by Geoffrey Bentley, Congressional Fel­ "Yes, and you put it last." To which a single than the ones mentioned. Be that as it may, I low, whose exhaustive research and tire­ response is appropriate: "Yes, for emphasis." am convinced that attention to these points less efforts made the study possible. In the many discm:sions I have had on abor­ cannot hurt the national debate. It may even help. Specifically, it may prevent good people As cochairman of the Caucus Enorgy tion where women have been involved in the Task Force, Congressman PAUL TsoNGAs discussion, one thing is clear: Women feel from making bad arguments-chief of which, they have been left out of the discussion. of course, is that it is only bad people who and I recommend this study to our col­ This seems true of both so-called pro-choice make bad ones. leagues across the Nation a.c; a model of women and so-called pro-life adherents. the detailed studv whi~h will be required But being told to is hardly a decisive rea­ to meet the energv challenge. son for urging this point. And it is not my NEW ENGLAND'S COAL CONVERSION The executive ~ummary of the coal chief reason. Women rightly, if at times one­ POTENTIAL conver!'lion renort follows: sidedly and abrasively, insist that they are COAL CoNVERSION POTENTIAL FOR the ones who carry pregnancies and some­ NEW ENGLAND times feel all but compelled to have abor­ (By Geoffrey K. B~htley, Congressional tions. Thus, they argue two things: 1) They HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY Fellow) . OF CONNECTICUT ought to have an influential voice in this EXECUTIVE SUMMARY discussion; 2) up to and including the pres­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ent, they feel they have not had such a Conversion potential voice. Thursday, August 3, 1978 Today, virtually an of New Ene:land's fos­ There are all kinds of shouts that will be e Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, the En­ sil fuel, primary electrical generating units• heard when this suggestion is raised. We are ergy Task Force of the New England use oil. They consume about 71 million bar­ familiar with most of them. For instance, rels of residual on annually-about 18 per­ some will argue paternal rights against the Congressional Caucus recently released cent of New England's total petroleum con­ Supreme Court's 1976 Planned Parenthood its report analyzing the prospects for sumption of 409 million barrels in 1976. Yet v. Danforth decision. Others will ask : Which increased coal use in the Northeast. the vast majority of these boilers burned coal women are you talking about, pro-life or pro­ Entitled "Coal Conversion Potential at one time. Indeed, durin

TABLE I.-SUMMARY OF NEW ENGLAND 'S COAL CONVERSION POTENTIAL !Gross estimates based on 1974 and 1976 data)

Baseline ! conversion Maximum 3 conversion

Residual oil I con- Additional Additional sumption (million Oil saving (million coal use (million Oil saving (million coal use (million barrels per year) barrels per year) tons per year) barrels per year) tons per year)

Industrial sector-Major users ...... ·--··· . ... · · · - ·· ...... -··· ...... 16.33 0 0 I 1. 63 0. 43 Utility sector-Base load, steam electric plants ...... _...... __...... 71.27 ~ 21.62 4. 91 6 29. 49 6. 87

1 Industrial sector figures ~ased on 1974 data. Utility sector fgures based on 1976 data. 1 10-percent saving. 2 Prohibition order cases. s 30-percent saving. J Prohibition order and notice of intent to issue prohibition order cases. & 41-percent saving.

If all 11 units were to convert, there would units. This will save about 10.7 million bar­ ity sector would be saved. This is about 7 be a saving of nearly 22 million barrels of oil rels of oil annually, and in itself, will repre­ percent of all petroleum consumed by New annually, or 30 parcent of the total used by sent a 15 percent reduction in oil consump­ England. the ut111ty sector. This represents about 5 tion for New England's utility sector. and a In the industrial sector, there are over 150 percent of all petroleum consumed by the six 2.6 percent saving overall for the region. major fuel consumers in New England ac­ state region, and a 3 day supply of imported In addition to the 11 utility boilers under cording to 1974 DOE statistics. In that year. oil for the nation as a whole. Prohibition Orders, there are 7 for which they used over 16 million barrels of residual Three of the 11 boilers may be converted DOE issued Notices of Intent. A Notice of oil. These units consume a relatively small under a voluntary plan acceptable to federal Intent informs a utility that an order pro­ proportion of the total oil and represent an and state authorities and the New England hibiting oil-burning is pending. If all 18 insignificant amount of potential fuel saving Electric System, the holding company for the boilers were converted, fully 41 percent of using DOE criteria for conversion. In fact, Brayton Point (Somerset, Massachusetts) present residual oil consumption in the util- the baseline coal conversion plan (Table I) 24308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 shows no contribution from the industrial moval and safe disposal of large volumes of nois Governor Dan Walker has changed sector. residue materials, some of which contain his mind. Walker, author of the report The passage of the National Energy Act wtll trace elements and toxic compounds. on the causes and prevention of violence probably not have a major effect on the coal Appropriate control technology can reduce in 1968, had used the words "police conversion potential for New England. Exist­ pollution emission levels to meet local air ing regulatory legislation has already identi­ quality standards for the oxides of sulphur riot" to describe the action of police in fied conversion candidates, and the economic and nitrogen and particulate matter. But the Chicago during the 1968 convention. dis-incentives most likely to pass as part of result is a waste disposal problem which is Those words were widely reported and the energy bill will not apply in most cases. of greater concern than questions of trans­ there are still people who believe that On the other hand, tax credit provisions for portation and supply. the Chicago police were to blame for the new and innovative pollution control equip­ The generation of fiy ash and sludge waste violence in the streets in Chicago. ment may have relevance in stimulating from New England plants may reach many But here is what Walker is saying fluidized bed commercialization as a substi­ millions of tons per year and require tens tute for scrubber, sulphur-control tech­ of acres of disposal ground. Increasingly today, according to the Sun Times: nology. stringent codes on land use and the transport ... maybe I shouldn't have used that of such waste materials as powdery coal ash, phrase because it does color everything ... Cost, supply, and transportatton and public resistance in allowing their com­ (the phrase was) unfortunate ... there's The economics of coal conversion for util­ munities to accept combustion wastes, make no question about the fact that some people ity and industrial users in New England are it difficult for plants without on-site disposal planned some very, very bad things-some only marginally attractive for even the best capab111ty to burn coal. On-site disposal is of the demonstration leaders . . . they candidates. Although the boiler may be coal­ very limited for most New England fac111ties. planned confrontation. They really did. And capable in a physical sense, the cost of mak­ they planned violence . . . ing the units coal-burning in an environ­ Synthetic fuels mentally acceptable fashion is prohibitive in The production of boiler oils from coal This is a far cry from the picture many cases. This is especially true of older could satisfy several needs at the same time painted of those demonstration leaders units whose service life is limited. for New England. The region's dependence on during the sixties. The media portrayed The overall economics of coal con version world oil would be reduced as coal would be them as secular saints, idealistic "kids·• appear to hinge on whether expensive flue used as the primary energy source, but with­ out the environmental disruptions and prob­ instead of the vicious, cold, calculating gas desulphurization systems are required for bunch of radical activists they were. sulphur control. If 1.5 percent sulphur (by lems associated with coal-burning. Present weight) coal can be burned wi'thout scrub­ estimates are that synthetic fuels will cost Walker's words about "confrontation" bers, then the fuel cost saving in burning $30 to $40 per barrel by the time they are are of interest. We have it on the word coal may offset additional costs of operation commercially available in the late 1980's if of no less an authority than Marge. and investment in particulate control equip­ demonstration programs are authorized as Tabankin, current head of VISTA, the ment. This is the case for the Brayton Point part of the new DOE supply initiatives. The Federal Government volunteer agency, voluntary conversion plan. On the other economic competitiveness of synthetic fuels that tax dollars should be used for con­ hand, if scrubbers are required, a 150 mega­ will depend on the supply and price o.f world frontation. Is this what we have learned watt plant (approximately 2 million barrels oil at that time. of oil per year) may have to spend $20 mil­ Summary in 10 years? Is this what President lion in pollution control equipment. Capital Coal conversion in New England will re­ Carter wants? investments such as these quickly offset po­ duce the region's oil dependency by 2 to 7 At this time I will insert in the RECORD tential fuel savings, and both costs-capital­ percent. Environmental cost factors and ''Walker Regrets 'Police Riot' Tag," ization and operating-are considered by the waste management problem~J work against Chicago Sun Times, August 1, 1978: federal government in issuing conversion more widespread conversion to coal. WALKER REGRETS "POLICE RIOT" TAG orders. There are several developments which will Guarantees of supply and interstate trans­ enhance the prospects for near-term conver­ (By Willlam Braden) port are not major factors influencing coal sion to coal. The most important is to create Ten years after the 1968 Democratic Na­ conversion programs. The additional coal re­ conditions by which available, medium to low tional Convention here, the author of the quirements (4.9 million tons annually for sulphur content coal can be burned without controversial Walker Report says his use of baseline conversion plans) can be met by the need of expensive desulphurization the term "police riot" was unfortunate. three to four mines whose production is equipment. This will have effects in two Former Illinois Gov. Dan Walker made dedicated to New England's use. Eastern coal, ways-improvement of the economics for that concession in a Sun-Times interview. rather than western, will be used because of conversion, and elimination of the sludge The National Commission on the Causes its higher energy content and lower fuel waste problem. and Prevention of Violence had contracted (transportation) cost. Air quality standards in some areas of New with Walker, then a Chicago attorney, to The equivalent of two coal trains ( 10,000 England apply differently to the burning of prepare the report on confrontations be­ tons }>er train) a day will be sufficient to oil and coal on an equalized Btu basis. For tween Chicago police and demonstrators supply all the coal requirements. An esti­ example, 1.5 percent sulphur coal is approxi­ during the convention late in August 1968. mated 3,200 additional rail cars will be mately equal to 2.2 percent sulphur oil on a The document was completed Nov. 18 and needed, or an increase of only 2 percent in pounds per Btu basis, yet this coal cannot rushed into print without commission the hopper car fleet serving the Northeast. be burned at several plants while the sur­ evaluation. Ocean barge transport will be used exten­ rounding oil can be burned according to site­ A section of the report's summary re­ sively as part of the coal delivery system the specific variances. By applying the same sul­ ferred to police action in enforcing an 11 largest conversion candidates are coastal phur standard on an energy basis as used for p.m. curfew to clear Lincoln Park of dem­ utUities. oil, it may be possible to burn coal without onstrators the nights of Aug. 25 and 26. The While there is little concern about inter­ expensive desulphurizatlon controls. report stated: state transport, there are problems with local Another possibility is to use advanced com­ "To read dispassionately the hundreds of transport, handling and storage of coal at bustion systems which remove the oxides of statements describing at firsthand the events many plants. It is not practical to order con­ sulphur and nitrogen as part of the burning of Sunday and Monday nights is to become version in cases where rail spur lines or dock­ process. Tax credit provisions in the pro­ convinced of the presence of what can only ing !acUities have been removed, coal stor­ posed National Energy Act will be a step in be called a police riot." age areas eliminated, and new construction this direction by encouraging the more rapid A Sun-Times reporter told Walker about a commercialization of fluidized bed combus­ bull~ in adjoining sites. It is one thing to recent interview with local writer Charles burn coal during a temporary emergency tion systems as a substitute for scrubber A. Remsberg, a member of the Walker Re­ (winter 1973/ 74) when air quality standards units for sulphur control. A final develop­ port staff who actually wrote the report's are relaxed and coal supply can be handled ment would be the rapid promotion of an ash sections describing confrontations in Grant in an ad hoc fashion. It is quite different recycling industry in New England. Not only Park and at the Conrad Hilton Hotel. to implement a permanent change given cur­ would ash disposal be controlled, but a new industry would be spawned.e Remsberg said his processing of material rent air quality standards and permanent for the report made him "more sympathetic means of coal storage and handling. with the police position." He said "there Environmental factors THE DANGER OF CONFRONTATION was a lot more a flavor of deliberate prov­ Coal burning has many deleterious effects POLITICS ocation and really degrading sorts of things on the environment. The two significant that were done to these cops on the line long-term impacts, for which there are no than I ever found filtered through TV or the easy solutions, are the "greenhouse effect" HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL newspapers." from additional carbon dioxide in the atmos­ Referring to the term "police r;,ot" in phere, and the waste management problem. OF ILLINOIS Walker's summary, Remsberg said, "Like all The former effect, clearly global in scope and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES catch phrases, it conveys more or less than not directly attributable to coal use in New Thursday, August 3, 1978 it should, depending on your perspective. England, may have a severe influence on I don't think it tells the whole story. It world-wide temperatures, weather and ocean e Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the Chi­ doesn't allow for nuances, I guess is my re­ currents. Waste management involves there- cago Sun Times reports that former llli- action to it." August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24309 Walker said he agreed: "That was the it turned out, than it did. And I guess that's priority packages. These products would run problem with it. That phrase, because it was a tribute to the good sense of the young peo­ the gamut from integral parts of computers so colorful, it kind of was picked up and ple-that after a couple of years when every­ and diagnostic equipment to human organs used to characterize everything I said. And, body thought they were going to tear the and legal briefs. His skeptical professor of course, that's not true. It was specifi­ country apart, it didn't happen. The young didn't think such a business had a ghost of cally limited to a few officers and to a few people, quote, came to their senses unquote. a chance, considering the alrline industry's incidents. And maybe I shouldn't have used And what we have seen is something we intense competition and heavy regulation. that phrase because it does color everything." didn't predict at that time at all. And that's Nevertheless, he gave Smith a passing grade, Walker said he agreed the phrase was "un­ the change ln focus from group violence to but a mediocre one-a. C. fortunate," and he said he also agreed with these individual acts of terrorism that are in­ I had drinks with Smith at his new $275,- Remsberg that provocation of the police by creasing around the world." 000 twelve-room home in the heart of Mem­ demonstrators "did not come through ade­ Asked if the 1968 disorder has had any last­ phis, and he laughed about that college in­ quately on television." ing effect, he said: "It's had a lasting effect cident. Said Smith: "The professor didn't "I wish people understood a little better on many methods of handling crowds-no understand how the goddamn world worked what I wrote in that report," he said. "I question about that--in police departments. . .. that America was spreading out techno­ think that even in retrospect, I told the But I don't think it's had any lasting effect logically ... that the efficacy of our society story the way it happened, at least to the on the city of Chicago, in the sense of Chi­ is to be smarter, not to work harder. This best of my ability, and I went through an cago's reputation.''e meant the creation of a host of new produc­ ,awful lot of work to try and get at the tivity-improving equipment with innumer­ facts." able complex parts . . . And the need for "But there's no question about the fact early delivery of such items was becoming as that some people planned some very, very urgent between Appleton, Wisconsin, and bad things-some of those demonstration HAREBRAINED IDEA IS A FAST Lubbock, Texas, as it was between New York leaders. Maybe not the wild things, like LSD GROWING COMPANY and Chicago . . ." in the water supply. But they planned con­ A Vietnam veteran with more than 200 frontation. They really did. And they plan­ combat missions and the son of a wealthy ned violence. I don't have any doubt of that. HON. HAROLD E. FORD businessman who founded Dixie Greyhound And I said so in the report. OF TENNESSEE Bus Line.s, Smith didn't have an easy time "And the police got uptight. And that's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES getting Federal Express off the ground. There perhaps understandable also. I think that were times, in fact, Smith may have thought since then police tend to put these things in Thursday, August 3, 1978 his professor was right. Fed·eral Express, in­ a little better perspective-they've learned corporated in the summer of 1971 (Smith through experience to do that. And then the • Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, was 26 at the time), didn't begin its air inevitable happened. I was pleased that the Washington Post freig-ht service until April of 1973. In the "Most of the policemen, as I said, acted chose to highlight my good friend, Mr. previous year-while the mechanics of the very responsibly-although that statement in Frederick W. Smith of Memphis, in its business were being thrashed out--the com­ the report has been largely lost sight of. business section yesterday. Fred parlayed pany ran chartered flights. Some-a minority-got out of hand. There's what many people called a harebrained It was agony the first few years. The first also no question about that." idea into one of the fastest growing com­ profitable month wasn't until July of 1975, Whether or not it was wise to use the word and there were major financing problems. In "riot," Walker added, the word did "aptly panies in the United States, the Federal fact, things got so bad in early 1973 that describe what happened in a few places where Express Corp. Headquartered at Mem­ the 150 employees on the job that year were there was literally a riot going on." phis International Airport, Federal Ex­ asked not to cash their checks right away. Walker did not define his concept of "riot" press has already added immeasurably Around the same time, Smith was in Chicago or explain how the actions of a few policemen to the Memphis economy. trying to raise capital. He didn't get it. But could constitute a riot. later that year, the company mana.ged to The word generally is defined in law as a Mr. Speaker, Fred Smith is a great raise $24.5 million in venture canital, and disturbance of the public peace by three or Memphian not only because of his busi­ the~e funds, plus another $31.5 million ln more persons. The Illinois Criminal Code re­ ness acumen but also because of his in­ bank loans, enabled the company to keep fers to it as "mob action," which it defines as sight into the affairs of our community. its head above water. the "use of force or violence disturbing the He has no illusions that Memphis is per­ As it turned out, Federal Exore"s develooed public peace by two or more persons acting fect but he works hard to make it a into one of the biggest venture-capital deals together and without authority of law." better place for all citizens. ever, with investors a11teing uo $91 million in The code also defines it as the "assembly the first three years for Smith's bold scheme. of two or more persons, without authority of Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with Surely there were days when some of them law, for the purpose of doing violence to the you the article from the Washington must have thought it a harebrained scheme person or property of anyone supposed to Post which follows: as Federal Express racked up wicked losses have been guilty of a violation of the law, or BEHIND THE FAST RISE BY FEDERAL EXPRESS of $29 million in its first 26 months. for the purpose of exercising correctional (By Dan Dorfman) But that was yesterday, and the company's growth since then has been meteoric. In powers or regulative powers over any person Quick now, what's the hottest stock issue by violence." April of 1973, the company, aside from its of 1978? No, it's not Resorts International 150 employees, had 10 aircraft, served 22 cit­ Walker said some demonstrators wanted to (the first entry into Atlantic City gambling). ies, and delivered 15 packages the first night. provoke police into doing what they did do. Resorts has been public a long time. Give Today, there are 2,800 full-time employees But he said much of the violer.ce could have up? Its Federal Express Corporation, the ( 4,200 all told) . The fleet has since swelled to been avoided by allowing demonstrators to Memphis-based, explosively growing national 69 aircraft (both owned and leased). The sleep in Lincoln Park and hold demonstra­ air freight company whose orange, white, and company delivers 35,000 packages a da~ (at tions in specific areas. purple delivery vans are becoming almost as around $22 each) and services 130 major "The other thing that could have been conspicuous in some metropolitan areas as markets and 15,000 communities. done is better command control among the the local taxi. The stock, which came out Accompanying this expansion, at least re­ police," he said. "But that was a function of early in April at 24, skyrocketed to a recent cently. has been rapid growth in both sales not having been through this kind of thing record high of 47 '1:! in the volatile over-the­ and earnings. For example, in its most recent before. counter market. What, you ask, is behind it fiscal year, ending last May 31, Federal Ex­ "The department has done a lot. I know all? press's pretax earnings shot up to $20.6 mil­ that their training courses have been For some insights, I recently went to hot, lion from $8.2 million a year earlier. On a changed. A lot of their procedures for han­ sticky Memphis (population: 775,000) to see per-share basis, reflecting the companys re­ dling this kind of situation have been the company's dynamic founder: 33-year-old cent recapitalization and stock offering for changed. No question about the fact that the Frederick W. Smith. A graying rich kid who the past year, earnings jumped to $3.53 a. police departments here and elsewhere across made it on his own. Smith is a noteworthy share from $1.01. And revenues ran up to the country learned from that experience." example of the imaginative and aggressive $160 million from $109.2 million. Nobody was killed in the 1968 disturbances. entrepreneur who is still alive and throbbing Importantly, too, there has been a dra­ Nobody was shot by the police, and nobody in the South. matic improvement in the balance sheet. As was critically injured. Compared to the About 12 years ago-wh"en he was 21- of a year ago, equity capital had shrunk to deaths of four Kent State University students Smith turned in his college thesis at Yale. $7.8 million in the face of an awesome $52.5- in 1970 by Ohio National Guard troops, and Its premise: There's no way airlines can com­ million debt. Today, the company sports a from the perspective of a decade, Walker pete effectively with either truckers or rail­ $54 million net worth, and its total long­ was asked if the level of violence here in 1968 roads in the transoortation of bulk freight. term debt has shrunk to roughly $33 million. appears to soften at all in magnitude. However, after exhaustive research, Smith It all adds up to a sharply rising stock "Oh, I think it does," he said. "But I think saw glowing potential-a booming business, price, and probably nobody is more delighted that all of us at that time anticipated this in fact- in an airline service that could deliv­ at that rise than Smith himself. He owns whole area of group violence to grow more, as er overnight small (under 70 pounds), high about 465,000 shares and warrants (plus ad- 24310 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 ditional shares in a family-owned company) Tulsa Tribune. It is a classic report that are worth about $24 million. When I His parents grew up in eastern Oklahoma mentioned this, he bristled: "Money doesnt of a typical eastern Oklahoma campaign. around Stigler, but fied to Arizona during mean a damn thing to me," he says. "I don't The material follows: the dust bowl days. His father was drafted need a lot of money, and I don't spend a lot PURE RISENHOOVER-VETERAN CAMPAIGNER during World War II and died during an ex­ of money." TAKES OFFENSIVE plosion on a ship being loaded with ammuni­ I'm not about to question Smith's disdain tion while docked in Chicago. (By E. N. Earley) His mother, Allene, moved back to Stigler for money. But it's worth noting that he was Ted Risenhoover felt right at home. indicted in February 1975-though later ac­ and supported her four children by taking The 2nd District representative was In wash, sell1ng fruit, and Ironing clothes quitted in a jury trial-for allegedly obtain­ perched on the back of a pickup truck a.t a ing funds from a bank by using false docu­ until 2 or 3 a .m . ments. Democrat women's picnic In Sallisaw. His tie "I'm not ashamed of what I did," Mrs. was loosened, his shirt-sleeves were rolled Risenhoover says. "Ted was the oldest and There's no doubt that Federal Express' fu­ up and Risenhoover was serving the chicken ture was considerably enhanced last No­ he had to help. He had two paper routes and potato salad munching crowd his after and we all worked. Why, I never had a dish­ vember when legislation was passed that dinner spec1alty-gr1lled opponent. allowed the company to increase the pre­ washer, air-conditioning or even caq:et on vious limit of 7,500 pounds of cargo per "The average age of Congress Is 60," Risen­ my fioor until a few years ago when Ted plane. That chopped delivery costs a hefty hoover said through the squeaky public ad­ bought me a house in Tahlequah." 30 percent. But that same legislation is also dress system. "Now I'm 44 and my opponent "I could have ended up in prison instead likely to heighten competition-perhaps Is 25 or 26-lt's hard to tell. Who do you of Congress," says Risenhoover. "Times were dramatically-in an air freight market think those Congressmen are going to listen tough." (namely small packages) that is already 23 to?" Risenhoover went into the Air Force, trav­ percent controlled by Federal Express. So With that, he jumped to the ground, called eled to Europe, Africa and the Middle East, where does the company go from here? oUJt "Come on Mom!" jumped Into a heli­ attended college and moved to Tahlequah The ever confident Smith told me that the copter with his mother and pilot and at Northeastern State University and bought market's strong growth potential (he esti­ drowned out primary opponent Mike Synar a weekly newspaper. mates that 90 per cent of all freight is ac­ by buzzing over the picnic as the folks It was bombed in 1965 after Risenhoover tually small, express-type packages) -cou­ watched the whirly-bird and waved. printed stories about a car-thief ring and pled with the company's momentum, heavy It was pure Risenhoover. prostitution. promotional bombardment, drive, and "I'm not really much of a politician," he He has been married and divorced twice. savvy-should permit Federal Express to had said earlier. "I g01t a bad temper and He has two children. continue to turn in above-average growth when people make me mad, I fight back. And he wants to win re-election for a third and achieve a rising market share. He sees "Hell, a bunch of hoodlums blew up my time. the prospects of broader market coverage newspaper long before I ran for office. I car­ How much trouble he w111 have in the domestically and expansion into European ried a sawed-off shotgun In my car for three primary is hard to tell, Risenhoover's staff markets. And there ma:· be a brand-new lu­ years. says. He is supported by the "old Democrat crative business-Federal Express, Smith tells "I know what It's like to be under fire so guard" and by labor officials who are power­ me, is planning to petition the Civil Aero­ when some bureaucrat or som':l newspaper­ ful in the predominately blue-collar dis­ nautics Board to permit the company's craft man or some politician takes after me, I kick trict. to get Into the short-haul passenger market as::; and sometimes It makes me unpopular." But his primary opponent claims Risen­ during the day. At present, Federal Ex­ That's pure Risenhoover. hoover does not show up to work and when press delivers 1ts packages to 88 airports in He's the Congressman that newspaper re­ he does, he works for the Washington labor the wee hours of the morning. porters seek out for outrageous quotes, the leaders-the George Meany's, not the Joe Looking ahead, Smith figures fiscal 1979 representative who receives more special in­ Blows from Muskogee. should produce another rise In earnings to terest contributions than any of his Okla­ Risenhoover has been handicapped, he about $4.35 to $4.50 a share on revenues of homa Democrwt peers, and he's the rage of says, because he can not leave Washington between $200 m1111on and $220 m1111on. "We Washington gossip columnists who write to campaign as much as he would like. Tues­ could earn more, but the expense side of the about his "swinging single's lifestyle" com­ day he kept a frantic schedule by landing tn ledger wm run pretty rich this year," he plete with heart-shaped water bed. Tulsa at 4:30p.m., and jumping into a heli­ tells me. This Is a reference to the heavy "That was all a lie," Risenhoover says. copter (he quickly pointed out that it costs outlays the company will be pouring Into "I don't think it hurt him any," an aide less to rent than one minute of television new data tele-communications, and opera­ says, "A few seconds ago, an old man asked time) . tional systems. Smith believes a reasonable me where he could get one of those things. He was headed for Roland to walk the projection for fiscal 1980 1s an earnings "I ain't no pope," Risenhoover says. "My streets shaking hands and giving away performance of about $5 a share on reve­ constituents know that. I'm single and I like campaign buttons shaped like hand-guns nues of $260 m1111on to $270 million. to date women, but not married women. I (he is against gun control), but he had to Though Smith was born In Marks, Miss., als:> don't mind tippling a few after work. cancel the Roland trip because he stopped in he has spent most of his life In Memphis. "But I work hard for my district. Vian to visit a friend dying of cancer. "Memphis Is a horrible place," Smith told "Tulsans don't understand my district. The "He's a Republican, but I like him any­ me. "There are serious structural problems newspapers hate me because I won't let Tulsa way," he quipped. when 30 percent of the people earn 70 per­ take our water. They just don't understand His "whirlwind drop-in" at the Sallisaw cent of the Income and 70 percent (primarily my people. picnic was a show-stopper as kids and adults the blacks) get only 30 percent of the In­ "My folks don't care about all that crap deserted hand-shaking candidates to crowd come. You have a massive underemployed about PAC (political action committee) around the red and white helicopter. Even black population, and It's not because the funds. We have a lot of poor people in my the pilot handed out campaign material. jobs aren't there or the blacks don't want to district. Most of them can't afford to give From there, Risenhoover went to the Bris­ work. The real problem Is that powerful me much money so they understand when I tow Country Club for a candidate forum Interests in this ctty want the status quo accept PAC funds. and more servings of "grilled opponent." maintained." e "It doesn't matter because my folks know Then it was back to Tulsa with 10 minutes I work for them. to spare before his 10 p.m. filght for Wash­ "When they need help, I'm there getting Ington. them their Social Security checks and get­ "This Is going to be a rough race," he said. POLITICAL CAMPAIGN IN ting more jobs for my district. That's what counts to them. "My opponent already Is lying about my EASTERN OKLAHOMA "When you're hungry and out of work, you record and I'm not going to let him get want to be fed and have a job-you aren't away with it." Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover worrie·::l about your congressman's private lifo Risenhoover believes his Democratic and or what the press says about him. If he helps Republican opponents are working together OF OKLAHOMA you, you remember. And that's what I do to defeat him. He also believes Gov. David IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES because I know what it's like to be poor. Boren Is working behind the scenes to hurt him just like a national environmental group Thursday, August 3, 1978 Risenhoover says he has brought $33 mil­ lion in new grants and building loans in to and the Republican Party, which have prom­ e Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, po­ the 17 counties he represents around Tulsa. ised to work against him. Some of the aides litical campaigns in this country, besides He says unemployment has dropped a whop­ think Sen. Dewey Barlett put Risenhoover playing the most vital role in our repre­ ping 48 percent, and welfare payments are on the Republican 'hit list'. sentative democracy, relieve boredom of down 7.8 percent. "Nobody is going to beat me without a hot summer days. Whether or not voters think Risenhoover fight," he says. "And I'm ready for this one. is responsible for the Improvement may de­ Just let them come on. I have never turned I include in the RECORD a report pend on their politics, but Risenhoover does away from a good fight." written by E. N. "Pete" Earley of the know about the plight of the poor. And that is indeed, pure Risenhoover.e August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24311 BREAKING THROUGH THE CRACKS SARASIN ANNOUNCES RESULTS OF Do you favor the Administration's pro­ QUESTIONNAIRE posal to replace categorical welfare programs, such as food stamps and housing allowances, with straight cash payments? Yes, 17.5; no, HON. BRUCE F. VENTO HON. RONALD A. SARASIN 82.5. OF MINNESOTA Do you favor drilling for oil and natural OF CONNECTICUT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gas off the Atlantic Coast? Yes, 88.2; no, 11.8. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Do you favor the deregulation of new Thursday, August 3, 1978 Thursday, August 3, 1978 ntaural gas to increase production? Yes, 70.8; no, 29.2. e Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker. Mary E. • Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, several Do you favor the withdrawal of U.S. troops Healy, my constituent from St. Paul, months ago, I mailed each of my con­ from South Korea? Yes, 52.7; no, 47.3. Minn., recently brought to my attention stituents a questionnaire seeking their Do you believe in instant voter registra­ an excellent editorial which appeared in opinion on numerous issues of national tion on election day just by appearing and the July 29, St. Paul Pioneer Press. concern. Since then, I have received re­ claiming the right to vote? Yes, 17.8; no, 82.2. It emphasizes dramatically the need Should the federal government impose sponses from some 14,000 individuals. I high tariffs or quotas on foreign products to for a major overhaul and reform of our feel that the results of this poll are ex­ welfare programs-in this case medic­ protect U.S. jobs, even if it means higher tremely enlightening and informative prices for all consumers? Yes, 37.9; No, 62.1. aid-to insure that people who need help and I would like to take this opportunity Do you believe in the use of federal tax in times of trouble and emergency are to share my findings with my colleagues. dollars to pay for political campaigns now able to secure it. In particular, there are several issues financed by voluntary public contributions? This Congress will adjourn in October which indicated strong sentiments on Yes, 22.1; no, 77,9. without passing a welfare reform bill. the part of my constituents. On the ques­ Should public employees now exempt be This must be a priority next year. required to join the Social Security System? tion of whether they would support sub­ Yes, 70.5; no, 29.5. Mr. Speaker, I submit the editorial, stantial Federal tax cuts to stimulate Are you satisfied with the congressional "Why Can't Welfare Help?", and urge economic growth and create new jobs, investigation of alleged South Korean influ­ my colleagues to consider the number of 83.1 percent of the respondents favored ence buying? Yes, 27.4; no, 72.6. people like Timothy Wirth-and his such action. This large majority is in­ Do you support a mandatory prison sen­ family-who live in this country today dicative of the need for the Kemp-Roth tence for crimes involving use of a gun? Yes, but who are denied the assistance they Tax Reduction Act, of which I am a co­ 92.3; no, 7.7. need to live a decent and rewarding life. sponsor, and I hope that the Congress Should Congress decriminalize the person­ (From the Pioneer Press-Dispatch, al use, but not the sale, of marijuana? Yes, will heed the message of the people. 46.7; 53.3. July 29, 1978] no, In the areas of energy, my constitu­ Should the Post Office discontinue the Sat­ WHY CAN'T WELFARE HELP? ents also expressed strong opinions on urday delivery of mail? Yes, 39.5; no, 60.5. The case of Timothy Wirkus demonstrates several points. Eighty percent opposed Should tQe federal government continue the major weakness of this country's welfare the use of a Federal tax on oil to raise to keep the national railroad system running, system: the system cannot deliver help to the the price and discourage consumption, even if it requires large subsidies? Yes, 65.8; average family when it is struck by a catas­ while 70.8 percent supported deregula­ no, 34.2. trophe until the family has been ruined tion of new natural gas. The underlying Should non-retirement portions of the So­ financially. directive of the people is to have the cial Security System, like medicare and When Timothy was 10, he was knocked disability payments, be funded out of gen­ unconscious by a piece of scaffolding that economy, not the Government, act as eral revenues to keep the retirement system fell on him. Now he is 16 and he is still un­ regulator in the energy field. fiscally sound without the scheduled large conscious. His family has cared for him at In the area of criminal justice, 92.3 increases in payroll taxes? Yes, 77.1; no, home for all those years, with somebody at percent of my constituents favor a man­ 22.9 .• his side 24 hours a day to monitor his breath­ datory prison sentence for crimes in­ ing (through a tracheotomy) and his tube volving use of a gun. As I have long advo­ feedings. cated, more stringent laws applied WHAT ABOUT INCENTIVE It has been a struggle, financially. The against criminals are seen by the people family was eligible for Medicaid payments as a deterrent to violent crimes. becam,e Timothy's medical costs were in ex­ Finally, I would highlight the 34.2 HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER cess of his father's income. But the system OF WISCONSIN insisted that Timothy's father spend a cer­ percent who opposed Federal subsidiza­ tain amount on medical care each month tion of the national railroads. Though a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES before Medicaid would contribute. For some majority support subsidization-and I Thursday, August 3, 1978 unfathomable reason, that amount varied agree, as evidenced by my cosponsorship from month to month and the family never of H.R. 8819 which would rehabilitate e Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, it is knew how much to budget. the Nation's railroads, the large minority fascinating to watch the games being Timothy's father died about a month ago, suggest concern over the effectiveness of played by those who oppose the Kemp­ leaving a $6,000 pension and an $8,000 in­ this quasi-public industry. Congress must Roth proposal. surance benefit. The insurance money was to The Wall Street Journal recently ran help support Mrs. Wirkus in her later years, be much more demanding of the railroad service which it supports. a piece by Paul Craig Roberts which but the welfare system insists that every deals with the fundamental issue: incen­ penny of it must be spent-and in a pre­ The full results of my questionnaire scribed manner-before Timothy can receive follow: tive. anymore Medicaid funds. QUESTIONNAffiE RESULTS The argument that additional Govern­ A church has started a fund to buy nec­ (Answers in percent) ment spending is noninflationary while essary items that are not covered by public Do you favor the proposal to establish a a reduction in taxes is inflationary is assistance, things like soap, towels and paper separate cabinet-level Department of Edu­ exceedingly interesting but fails to con­ tisues. But welfare authorities, trapped by cation to take over these programs from sider the net effect of higher taxes plus the system, cannot guarantee that even the H.E.W.? Yes, 43; no, 57. spending. value of those gifts will not be deducted from Do you favor substantial federal tax cuts The article whi -h follows should be Medicaid. to stimulate economic growth and create new read with interest by all those who con­ There are, of course, reasons for all the jobs? Yes, 83.1; no, 16.9. sider Government policy especially since system's rules, but somehow the combina­ Do you favor a personal income tax credit tion of rules has resulted in a jumble of to help defray college or post-secondary edu­ the argument made on behalf of incen­ red tape that makes it imposible for the sys­ cation tuition costs? Yes, 63.5; no, 36.5. tive and supply is fundamental and tem to serve the needy without adding to Do you favor such tax credits for private basically sound. their misery and putting them in a position and parochial elementary and secondary The article follows: where they m::y be on public assistance for school costs? Yes, 39.3; no, 60.7. [From the Wall Street Journal, Tuesday, life. Do you favor higher federal taxes on oil to August 1, 1978] raise the price and discourage consumption? This is the same system that is being rip­ THE ECONOMIC CASE FOR KEMP-RoTH ped off for millions of dollars by chiselers Yes, 20.1; no, 79.9. ranging from women with fictitious families Do you favor legislation to guarantee farm (By Paul Craig Roberts) to doctors who pad their bills. Surely some­ prices at the "100% parity" level which Walter Heller is known to the public as a thing can be done. beyond mere frustrated would assure a profit at a particular ratio to liberal economist who was Chairman of the weeping.e production costs? Yes, 31.1; no, 68.9. Council of Economic Advisers under a Demo- 24312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 cratic President, and Herbert Stein as a con­ the tax base is smaller by $180, and the funds as well as the demand for funds. This servative economist who held the same posi­ government loses tax revenues. allows the deficit to be financed without pres­ tion under Republlcan Presidents. Both agree Studies by Gary Becker of the University sure on interest rates and money creation. that the Kemp-Roth tax rate reduction blll of Chicago have made it clear that capital There is so need to monetize the deficit and is economic nonsense. "It would soon gener­ and labor are employed by households to thus no inflationary effect. In addition, the ate soaring deficits and roaring infiation," produce nontaxable income through non­ larger GNP also means higher revenues for says Mr. Heller. "I agree," says Mr. Stein. market activities, such as a carpenter paint­ state and local governments and corpora­ Before the publlc is misled by their agree­ ing his own house. The amount of household­ tions, which reduce their own borrowings and ment into concluding that there is no eco­ owned capital and labor supplied in the mar­ ease pressure in the financial markets. nomic case to be made for Kemp-Roth, I ket is affected by tax rates. The higher they THE CHASE FORECAST would Uke to show that there is. are, the more households allocate their re­ Chase Econometrics has considered all of Profs. Heller and Stein both think of tax sources to the production of nontaxable these effects in studying the effect of the cuts in Keynesian terms of the dollar amount income. Kemp-Roth bill. Chase forecasts that the put into the economy to fuel spending. They Now consider the decision between using federal government would recover in reve­ belleve tax cuts work by raising the disposa­ income for current consumption or saving nue reflows 41 percent of the $25 billion tax ble income of consumers, who then spend and investing it for future income. The price cut in the first year. This rises to 72 percent more. The increased spending soaks up ex­ to the person of enjoying additional current in the seventh year. The remaining deficit is cess capacity and unemployed labor, thus consumption is the amount of future income more than covered by the increase in per­ moving the economy to higher levels of em­ he forgoes. The higher the tax rate, the sonal savings, retained earnings, and state ployment and GNP. The Kemp-Roth bill is, smaller the amount of after-tax future in­ and local government surplus. Thus the defi­ in their view, too large a tax cut. They be­ come he sacrifices by enjoying additional cit puts no pressure on credit markets. The lieve it would fuel more new spending than current consumption. tax cut generates enough new savings to there is excess capacity and produce an in­ Take the case of a person facing the 70% finance the deficit plus an increase in private flationary excess demand. tax rate on investment income. He can choose investment. As Mr. Heller put it on this page July 12, to invest $50,000 at a 10% rate of return, It is theoretically true, of course, that gov­ the bill would "simply overwhelm our exist­ which would bring him $5,000 per year of ad­ ditional income before taxes. Or he can ernment spending could increase rapidly ing productive capacity with a tidal wave of enough to soak up all additional savings and increased demand." A smaller tax cut, he choose to spend $50,000 on a Rolls-Royce. restore pressure to monetize the deficit. But thinks, would be ln order. In his July 18 arti­ Since the after-tax value of $5,000 is only $1,500, he can enjoy a fine motor car by giv­ if government spending in real terms could cle, Mr. Stein agreed with this economic be held to current levels for about two years, analysis, but supported Kemp-Roth as a des­ ing up only that amount. Britain's 98% tax rate on "unearned" (investment) income the Kemp-Roth bill would get us out of the perate means of forcing a reduction in fed­ has reduced the cost of the Rolls-Royce in high deficit, high infiation, low productivity, eral spending. terms of forgone income to only $100 a year. low growth doldrums, and save transfer pro­ A CURIOUS ANALYSIS The profuzion of Rolls-Royces seen in Eng­ grams like Social Security. land today is mistaken as a sign of As for Mr. Stein, many proponents of ThLs economic analysis, first of all, is a Kemp-Roth agree with him that government curious one for economists who believe that prosperity. Walter Heller tells us, though, that the spending is already too high, but this is &: tax cuts work by increasing demand. With­ separate issue. Legislatively, tax bills are sep­ out Kemp-Roth, taxes will increase due to decision to save does not depend on the rela­ tive prices of current consumption and fu­ arate from spending bills, and there is no automatic tax increases caused by inflation way to tie them together. The only purpose and higher Social Security taxes; one would ture income; that "Denison's Law" shows that savings do not respond to higher after­ that could be served by the bill's sponsors expect Keynesians to be worrying about the calling for accompanying spending cuts need to offset the depressing effects of "fiscal tax rewards. But the most recent empirical studies of the responsiveness of savings are would be to threaten the vested interests of drag." the congressional spending committees and In the context of ongoing tax increases, those of Michael Baskin of Stanford, who concludes that "private saving is indeed their constituents, leaving the bill hostage the Kemp-Roth reductions in the personal to a bitter and quite unnecessary polltical income tax rates do not amount to much in strongly affected by changes in the real after­ tax rate of return." He specifically dismisses fight. dollar terms. Net of the tax increases, Kemp­ "Denison's Law" as a "conjecture based on As for Mr. Heller, he does better when he Roth is a $2 billion cut in 1979, a $15 billion evidence which is flimsy at best and danger­ takes off the Keynesian blinders and relies cut in 1980, an $18 billion cut in 1981, a $7.5 ously misleading at worst." A current under­ on his own experience with the Kennedy tax billion cut in 1982 and a $1 billion cut in standing of the Kemp-Roth bill's effect on cuts. In his article on Kemp-Roth he says, 1983-hardly enough to overwhelm the na­ savings is absolutely crucial to assessing an "To attribute to the 1962-64 tax cuts all the tion's productive capacity with a tidal wave asserted. inflationary effect. expansion and revenue increases in 1963-68 of consumer spending. Keynesians ought to To summarize the above points: With so boggles the mind. It totally ignores the huge believe that the net additions to demand many decisions affected by tax rates. it is (over-) stimulus of the Vietnam expendi­ provided by Kemp-Roth are too small to obvious that the market supply of goods and tures." In other words, the tax cut did not have much impact on the economy, just as services must respond to changes in tax rates. pay for itself. But he saw these events dif­ Mr. Heller says that the Mellon cuts of the Our economy functions because people re­ ferently in testifying before the Joint Eco­ 1920s were too small in dollar terms to have spond to changes in relative prices; the nomic Committee in February 1977. had any relation to the prosperity that price of butter relative to that of margarine, followed. beef relative to chicken. capital relative to Yet this is in fact how tax cuts work. A The economic case for Kemp-Roth, though, labor and so on. A tax rate change is just tax rate reduction does not in itself produce does not rest on increasingly dubious Key­ another relative price deficits of the past more real goods and services. There cannot nesian premises about government policy decade have originated from increased gov­ be more income unless people produce more; "injecting" spending to add to aggregate de­ ernment spending and tax rebates-fiscal the only way a tax cut can boost GNP is by mand. Like the Mellon tax cuts, it is based policies designed to increase demand, not in­ providing an incentive for more production. on incentive effects, on the economics of centives. These deficits add to the demand If people respond to tax cuts by working less, supply. As the adage goes, it is hard to teach for funds in the financial markets, thus as Mr. Heller suggests, then GNP would fall old dogs new tricks, and Keynesians, who pushing up interest rates. The Federal Re­ and Keynesian fiscal policy wouldn't work serve then adds to the money supply, mone­ have spent four decades thinking in terms of either! spending and demand, find it hard to under­ tizing the deficit in an effort to avoid rising stand arguments about incentive and supply. interest rates and crowding out, and this When tax rates are reduced, the after-tax rewards to saving, investing and working for The new supply economists think of tax excessive money creation causes inflation. While Keynesian eyes can see no difference taxable income rise. People switch into these rate changes as incentive changes, not as activities out of leisure, consumption, tax income changes. To understand the differ­ between these deficits and deficits caused by ence, consider the removal of a tariff that cutting taxes, in terms of incentives this dif­ shelters and working for nontaxable income. is high enough to prevent trade in a com­ ference is decisive. Lower tax rates increase The incentive effects cause an increase in the market supply of goods and ~ervices-thus modity. When the tariff is lifted, no reve­ after-tax rates of return, which in turn ex­ nues are lost, no budget deficits result and pand private savings. When Mr. Baskin's the name "supply side economics." no money is put into anyone's hands. Yet measures of the responsiveness of savings Consider first the choice between working clearly economic activity will expand. are applied to the Kemp-Roth bill, they pre­ for additional taxable income and enjoying • • • For an additional day's earnings dict an increase in groc:s savings of $35 billion additional leisure. The price to the person of $100 he gets to keep $75. Suppose that his in the first year and a steady growth there­ of additional leisure is the amount of income, house needs painting and a painter costs after. Mr. Ture has even higher estimates of after tax, that he gives up by not working. $80 a day. Since his after-tax earnings are the S3.vings effect, as does Chase Econo­ Obviously, the higher the tax rate he faces, only $75, he saves $5 by painting his own metrics. the cheaper leisure is in terms of the income house and chooses not to earn the addi­ Savings, of course, represent the supply of he sacrifices. Jn our nation with its sub­ tional $100. Alternatively. the carpenter and funds in tbe financial markets. So deficits stantial income cushions, work disincentives painter may swap services, but either way caused by tax rate cuts add to the supply of are not limited to the top tax brackets. August 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24313 Studies by Martin Feldstein of Harvard show HOPE FOR CYPRUS hand. Crossing back and forth between the that the lack of a significant gap between Greek and Turkish sections of Nicosia (with after-tax take-home pay and untaxed un­ a special Turkish army pass in hand), I employment benefits has made leisure a free HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO found it remarkable how both the Greeks good for one million workers, thus shrinking OF CALIFORNIA and the Turks could call on centuries of GNP and the tax base by the value of their cultural prejudice to twist interpretations of lost production. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES history. Consider next the choice between working Thursday, August 3, 1978 One conversation I had with a Turkish for taxable and nontaxable income. Take navy commander is a case in point. the case of a carpenter facing a 25 percent e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I "You keep calling what we did in 1974 an change. It changes the prices of leisure and would like to bring to the attention of 'invasion,'" he complained to me. "It wasn't; current consumption in terms of forgone my colleagues the following thoughtful it was a military operation designed to elimi­ current and future income. To claim thA.t analysis of the Cyprus problem: nate a growing cancer." people don't respond to these price changes (From the Los Angeles Times, Aug. 3, 1978] Again and again, the Turkish Cypriot com­ munity rejected the word "invasion" wfth goes against the basic principles of economic CYPRUS: No MIRACLES, BUT STILL HOPE; THE science. Yet there is no recognition of such special vehemence. "Doesn't the world know HATRED Is ANCIENT, Y'ET RENEWED TALKS that Turkey had diplomatic legitimacy on response in the brand of economics now 'i.l!led COULD BRING PEACE-EVENTUALLY to brand Kemp-Roth as wildly inflationary. its side?" the officer asked rhetorically. "The (By Kevin Michel Cape) Geneva accords signed in 1959 (by Greece, Since Mr. Heller goes out of his way to The delicate fragrance of a Cyprus breeze Turkey and Britain) specifically grant the criticize those of us who have done staff work is unforgettable-an exotic amalgam of signatories the right of unilateral action if on the Kemp-Roth bill, he should be espe­ lemon and Judas trees, verbena, lavender the independence of Cyprus is threatened," cially interested in the results of the con­ and sage. Yet just four years ago the stench the Turkish commander reminded me gressional staff debates on these points over of death filled the sea air when Turkey used sharply. "With the fanatical clique that gov­ the past year. The Congressional Budget Of­ American weapons to invade this island, erned in Athens in 1974, there was no doubt flee, like the Treasury, once habitually plunging Cyprus into a brief but bloody that Cyprus was about to become a colony of offered simplistic revenue estimates that confi1ct. Greece." omitted the expanded tax base and revenue The Turks seized about 40 percent of When asked if he thought it was right to feedbacks. These static revenue estimates Cyprus, dividing it in two and leaving one in grab 40 % of the island for 20 % of the people, are now discredited. CBO Director Alice Riv­ three Greek Cypriots a refugee. Washington the Turk responded, "Oh, a detail to be lin has been forced to admit that her models, responded by immediately im_posing an arms worked out." Then he fell into silence, which based on familiar Keynesian principles, are embargo on Turkey, which t he Senate last was followed by a tirade against Greek "unable to provide estimates of the long-run month voted to repeal conditionally. On atrocities committed against Turkish Cyp­ impact of tax cuts." Tuesday the House narrowly passed a similar riots. (By the way, Prof. Heller's own staff work measure that would let President Carter lift The view is somewhat different from the could use some polishing. The numbers he the embargo if he can certify that it would opposite side of what Greeks call the Attila attributed to Norman Ture do not come serve the national interest and that Turkey line. A Greek restaurant owner told it his from Mr. Ture.) is seeking a solution to the Cyprus conflict. way: "We were an independent country be­ Mr. Heller and Mr. Stein believe the Kemp­ The congressional action adds up to a vic­ fore the Turks invaded. In turmoil, yes," he Roth bill depends on stimulating GNP suf­ tory for Carter, who had urged an end to the said, "but still independent. ficiently that government revenues will not embargo, calling it "the most important for­ "They had absolutely no right. Protecting fall even in the first year, thus avoiding an eign-policy issue" before Congress. the interests of Turks on the island was a Carter hopes to end the alienation of Tur­ cover to protect their own designs, to make inflationary deficit. In arguing that · feed­ Cyprus into a Turkish milltary base ... backs are not large enough to recover all key, one of Washington's new reliable allies outside Europe and the nation that has con­ When they came it was complete terror: revenues, they are demolishing a straw man. tributed more ground forces than any other murder, rape, looting." This Greek restaura­ This is not what the bill's proponents mean to NATO. He is also eager to reinstate U.S. teur followed with a blood-curdling descrip­ when they say it would pay for itself. Part military bases in Turkey, some of which tion of Turkish atrocities committed on of the projected deficit will indeed be elimi­ monitored Soviet military activity until the Greek Cypriots. nated by revenue from the larger GNP. The Turks closed them down in retribution. Had there been any Greek atrocities on remaining deficit will not be inflationary be­ If the congressional arms embargo has suc­ Turks before the invasion? "I never saw any," cause it will be self-financing. ceeded in estranging the Turks, it has also he said. But did you ever hear of any? I failed to produce a notable wave of pro­ asked. "Well, yes, but it was not like what ANTICIPATING THE LAFFER CURVE Americanism in Greece. The Greeks withdrew the Turks did-they are Asians. After World In his testimony Prof. Heller anticipated from NATO's integrated military command War I they murdered over a million Ar­ the Laffer Curve, saying that the Kennedy after the Cyprus invasion, and American na­ menians." cut "was the major factor that led to our val visits to Greek ports had to be curtailed I tried to pin him down : What exactly was running a $3 billion surplus by the middle because of riots against American businesses the difference between what the Turks did to of 1965 before escalation in Vietnam struck and government offices. the Greeks and vice versa? ''I don't know" he us. It was a $12 billion tax cut which would All of this has left the rest of the NATO answered, turning away. be about $33 or $34 billion in today's terms, communitv puzzled by U.S. inability to shore In such an atmosphere, even the wisdom and within one year the revenues into the up the alliance's ragged southern edge. of Solomon could not sort out the claims and federal Treasury were alre3.dy above what "I cannot understand the logic of Congress counterclaims, for much of what both Greek they had been before the tax cut." He con­ in keeping t he arms embargo against Tur­ and Turkish Cypriots say is true. Yet, 1f cluded, "Did it pay for itself in increased key," said a British commodore in April. moral certitudes are elusive on Cyprus, there revenues? I think the evidence is very strong "Doesn't anyone in Congress realize the im­ are wme hopeful signs that the island may be that it did." portance of Turkey to us here in the Mediter­ spared a repeat of the 1974 horror. ranean?" One recent indication of reconciliation On this point Mr. Denison has something For most Americans, Cyprus-the focal came last month when the Turkish foreign interesting to say. His estimate of the gap point of the conflict-is simply the name of ministry announced a further reduction in between actual anrt potential GNP for 1962 a distant place appearing frequently in print the number of its troops on Cyprus, bringing and 1963 Is only $12 billion-the size of the and on celluloid. For me, having spent most the total pullout to more than 17,000 since Kennedy tax cut. Obviously, such a small of the past year teaching the children of the invasion. About 27,000 Turkish soldiers gap left little room for an expansion based Greek and Turkish military officers, the remain, and their presence wlll almost cer­ on increased demand and unused capacity. Cyprus question has taken on importance tainly be the focus of discussions in the fall If Mr. Denison is correct, the substantial far beyond the current international con­ between the Greek premier, Constantine expansion that followed the tax cut had to tlict. Caramanlis, and his Turkish counterpart, be based on something else, a supply-side From talking at length with the parents Bulent Ecevit. response to the higher after-tax rates of re­ of my students, I came to conclude that it The fact that the two leaders will be pur­ turn. would have been fruitless, and even harmful, suing face-to-face negotiations for the third Far from being wildly inflationary even for Congress to continue the embargo--{)r, in­ time this year means that a peaceftll ar­ with little unused capacity in 1962, the Ken­ deed, to take any stand other than that of rangement is increasingly possible-yet bar­ nedy tax cuts promoted healthy and nonin­ strict neutrality. To do so would be rather gaining may drag on for years. flationary expansion. Once demand manage­ naive- for no diplomatic miracle is going to Though the level of fear and hatred be­ end overnight the centuries-old hatred be­ tween Turkish Cypriots and the more nu­ ment is forgotten and incentive effects are tween Greek and Turkish Cypriots. merous Greeks has declined only slightly understood, there is every reason to believe Indeed, history seems to have fated both since the invasion, the continued negotia­ the Kemp-Roth tax cuts would do the communities to despise and persecute the tions leave room for hope that, left to their same.e other, depending on which side has the upper own devices, the two parties perhaps wlll find CXXIV--1529-Part 18 24314 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1978 their own path to detente, entente and co­ PANAMA FOREIGN ASSISTANCE With ratification of the canal pacts, operation. there were many in the Congress and Certainly both countries desperately need the administration who believed that the peace-Greece because it wants to be the lOth HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN Torrijos government would adopt a member of the European Common Market OF CALIFORNIA and knows that it cannot win a war with policy of leniency toward its own citi­ Turkey, and Turkey because its economy is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES zens. The respected human rights or­ in a shambles. My hope for the friends I have Thursday, August 3, 1978 ganization, Freedom House, has con­ made in both countries is perhaps best ex­ sistently rated Panama among the worst pressed in a poem that Ecevi t wrote in hls ~ Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, we still violators of human rights in the world, youth: march down that same masochistic path. with the lowest possible rating on politi­ A magic blue between us, a warm sea, How historians will eventually assess the cal rights and the next lowest rating on Two peoples on its shores equal in beauty, foreign assistance program of the United civil rights. The Inter-American Press The golden age of the Aegean States is something that taxes my imagi­ Association has yearly deplored the ab­ Will revive again with use nation. But to me, at least, a pattern is sence of fr-eedom of the press in Panama. developing that approaches a status of a general law of international relations: Mr. Speaker, if there was a brief thaw The United States is a nation that, out in the Torrijos treatment of political HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS of good will, desire to be loved, or a opponents, it appears that the cold REPORTED perverse sentimentalism, cannot restrain winds of repression are freezing Pan­ itself from contributing to the coffers amanian aspirations. Since June of this of its enemies. year, there is evidence that the regime is HON. TED WEISS starting to crack down on dissidents Mr. Speaker, Panama's dictatorship is OF NEW YORK once again. On June 14, Panama's secret a case in point. During the debates on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES police opened fire on student demonstra­ the wisdom of the latest Panama Canal tors killing two law students opposed to Thursday, August 3, 1978 treaties, those of us who opposed those the recently ratified treaties, Jorge • Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, as a mem­ conventions warned our colleagues of Camacho and Demostenes Rodriguez. ber of the Ad Hoc Congressional Com­ the dangerous character of the Torrijos That same day, dissident students were mittee on Irish Affairs, I was deeply dis­ government. We said that this govern­ arrested and jailed without benefit of turbed upon reading of the human rights ment could not, and should not, be trial. Two days later, 12 supporters of violations reported in the Amnesty Inter­ trusted. We were told that our opposition former President Arnulfo Arias were national Report on Northern Ireland re­ to the treaties was jingoistic, a throw­ arrested without cause, beaten and in­ cently released. back to the bad old days of "Big Stick" carcerated. One man, Roman Rivera, I am inserting in the RECORD an ex­ diplomacy. We were told that we were, was beaten so severely that he died. And cerpt from the report which describes somehow, behind the age. the arbitrary police actions are not ex­ one example of the kind of treatment ac­ Mr. Speaker, dare I say it? Yes, we clusive Panamanians. An American citi­ corded to prisoners in Northern Ireland. told you so! Yes, you were wrong. Yes, zen, Rose Marie Aragon, and her 18- I commend Amnesty International for those bright hopes for a new era of year-old daughter, Rocio, were detained, bringing these cases to the attention of friendship with Panama, under this dic­ held incommunicado, and then sum­ the world and applaud Congressman tatorship, were nothing more than vacu­ marily deported from the country. These BIAGGI, chairman of the ad hoc commit­ ous sentiments. Consider the facts: are just a few of the many recent and tee, for organizing this House effort to Panama has issued a 14-page foreign continuing violations of civil, political, bring the human rights violations in policy statement. That statement is to and human rights in Panama. Northern Ireland to public attention. set forth the foundation for Panama­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to call your The excerpt follows: nian foreign policy for the future of that attention to the recent pastoral letter CASE No. 7 nation. Panama's Foreign Minister of the Panamanian Bishop's Conference, Male: Arrested in 1977 and brought to Nicolas Gonzalez Revilla declared: entitled "The Present Situation of the Castlereagh Holding Centre, where he was The centerpiece of our foreign policy has Country." The letter, signed by Arch­ held for five days. He was subsequently re­ been the canal. Now that an agreement has bishop Marcos McGrath and the bishops leased without charge. He had a medical ex­ been reached with the United States. we of Panama, called attention to the seri­ amination by police doctor Il on arrival at felt we needed to redefine our foreign policy. ous political corruption, violations of the detention center. He was also examined The specifics of the new foreign policy civil and political rights, and the rise of during his stay in the detention center and totalitarian forces within the country. on hi~ release. statement make the Panamanian dicta­ Maltreatment alleged: General beating, torship's intentions toward the United Said the bishops: "Certain Marxist ele­ direct trauma to the head, hairpulling, pull­ States abundantly clear. If President ments-speak-not only for the govern­ ing and stretching and bending of wrists, Carter did not envision such a nightmare ment but the whole natio!'l." severe beating on the right ear, threats. when he was pressing for ratification of Mr. Speaker, the Members of this Symptoms (immediate): He stated that the canal pacts, he can justly entertain House have recently sent numerous "Dear during the alleged maltreatment he passed no illusions now. Panama has called for Colleague" letters, calling to the atten­ out several times, had pains all over his body the United States to give up its strate­ tion of their comrades the gross viola­ and lost hearing in his right ear. (Present) : gically crucial naval base at Guantan­ Nervousness, nightmares, less appetite than tions of human rights in Soviet Russia, previously, irritability. amo Bay, Cuba, and grant "self-d.~ter­ Eastern Europe, and other parts of the Medical report: By Dr. Jl, examination in mination" to Puerto Rico, even though no world. Yesterday, I supported a motion detention center. more than 5 percent of the Puerto Rican that would cut off arms sales to the right­ Signs: some tenderness in right lower population favors independence. Panama wing regime in Chile. Now, we are con­ quadrant and left upper arm. Signs of bruises also calls for the cession of Israeli-oc­ fronted with yet another human rights on left upper arm. Perforation of right ear­ cupied lands in the Middle East and the issue. I hope that some of my colleagues, drum with signs of fresh blood, seemed support of "some independence struggles who are so exercised over human rights "groggy" and confused, and not very that exist in the world." The Foreign violations in South Africa and Chile, will coherent. Ministry was not clear on that point. But show consistency in the case of Panama. Conclusion: There is consistency between I will bet my bottom dollar that freedom This dictatorship is not going to be the alleged maltreatment and the signs. The for the Baltic States, Eastern Europe, boug-ht off by the United States. It has medical report is very short. It should be and the black resistance movement in made its allegiance clear on numerous added that this case has also been ex­ amined by an ear, nose and throat special­ Angola is not at the top of the list. The occasions. In foreign policy, it is laying ist, but the medical report is not available. Panamanian foreign policy statement the groundwork for an alliance with the It would be of great value to have the re­ does indeed signal a new era in United enemies of this Nation. At home, it con­ port from the police doctor, Dr. Il, and States-Panamanian relations: an era of tinues the same old policy of deception, the report of the speicalist.e outright hostility. violence, and repression. We in Congress August 4, 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 24315 had better show the political courage of term is a brief stay granted by Justice vote. I believe that such legislative ac­ former Panamanian President Arnulfo Thurgood Marshall. tion is a misguided response to the Arias. He has put his very life in jeop­ In refusing to identify his sources or obstinate refusal of the Turkish Govern­ ardy. Can we not back his total commit­ hand over his notes, Mr. Farber is act­ ment to rectify the gross injustices that ment with strong words, at least, against ing to protect the integrity of American persist on the island of Cyprus. the repression in Panama.• journalism and to uphold the freedom As long as 200,000 Greek Cypriots are of the press from governmental control denied restoration to their island homes, and interference. If a reporter cannot there cannot be any real justice on Cy­ FREEDOM OF THE PRESS: A offer an ironclad guarantee of confiden­ prus. Our Nation has professed a world­ REPORTER'S ORDEAL tiality to sources who require anonymity, wide committment to human rights. The then the public's access to information dispossession of 200,000 Greek Cypriots will be severely impaired. And if Mr. is a flagrant violation of their human HON. TED WEISS Farber is jailed and does ultimately hand rights. OF NEW YORK over his notes, investigative reporting in The totalitarian conditions on the is­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our Nation will have been irreparably land of Cyprus represent a festering Thursday, August 3, 1978 damaged. wound on the face of humanity in des­ • Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, the erosion Coming in the wake of the Supreme perate need of healing. However, to date, of first amendment protections in our Court decision in the case of Zurcher the only response from the Turkish Gov­ Nation seems to be continuing and, in against Stanford Daily, the jailing of ernment has been intransigence and in­ some ways, accelerating. N. A. Farber and the levying of fines difference. This posture cannot be justi­ against the New York Times would rep­ fied. The latest threat to the principle and I would be willing to consider providing reality of a free press in this country in­ resent a de facto repeal of first amend­ ment guarantees. arms assistance to our NATO allies in volves the contempt sentence facing New Turkey if that nation would be willing York Times reporter N. A. Farber and I hope that Justice Marshall and his colleagues will recognize the gravity of to exhibit a good faith effort to restore the $5,000-a-day fine pending against equity and democracy on the island of the Times. this threat and will act to affirm one of the central principles of our democracy .e Cyprus. To date that good faith effort has Mr. Farber and the Times are about not been demonstrated. to be heavily penalized because they are For the future, there does not seem to adhering to a fundamental journalistic be any chance that we can reverse the de­ and legal principle of our Nation-that ALTHOUGH THE EMBARGO HAS cision to lift the arms ban this year. It a reporter and the paper he or she works BEEN LIFTED-TURKEY IS UNDER has already passed the U.S. Senate. For for do not have to reveal their sources of THE GUN now· all we can do is either clasp our information or the notes gathered in the hands in prayer or cross our fingers in course of an investigation. hope. We must hope that in the next 12 Many specialists in first amendment HON. JIM SANTINI months the Turkish Government does law are especially alarmed by this case OF NEVADA initiate real and substantial changes on since they regard New Jersey's so-called IN THZ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the island of Cyprus. Turkey will now un­ shield law as sanctioning precisely the dergo a 12-month test of sincerity and kind of stance adopted by Mr. Farber Thursday, August 3, 1978 credibility. Although the embargo has and the Times. Perhaps the Supreme • Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, this week been lifted, Turkey is very much under Court will eventually recognize the va­ the House of Representatives voted to lift the gun. If they fail that test, I am ab­ lidity of Mr. Farber's and the Times' de­ the Turkish arms embargo that had been solutely confident that the full force and fense. But as of now, all that stands be­ imposed 3 years ago. The vote was 208 effect of the Turkish arms embargo will tween a reporter acting on first amend­ to 205. I did not support the lifting of be restored by the House of Representa­ ment guarantees and an indefinite jail that embargo and regret that we lost that tives next year.e

SENATE-Friday, August 4, 1978

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., e