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NHL Nomination Form Template NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-934 (Rev. 12-2015) OMB Control No. 1024-0276 (Exp. 01/31/2019) KALAUPAPA LEPROSY SETTLEMENT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Historic Landmarks Nomination Form 1. NAME AND LOCATION OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Other Name/Site Number: Street and Number (if applicable): City/Town: Kalaupapa County: Kalawao State: HI 2. SIGNIFICANCE DATA NHL Criteria: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 NHL Criteria Exceptions: NHL Theme(s): I: Peopling Places 2. health, nutrition, and disease 4. community and neighborhood 5. ethnic homelands 6. encounters, conflicts, and colonization II: Creating Social Institutions and Movements 2. reform movements 3. religious institutions III: Expressing Cultural Values 5. architecture, landscape architecture VI: Expanding Science and Technology 3. scientific thought and theory 4. effects on lifestyle and health VIII: Changing Role of the United States in the World Community 1. international relations Paperwork Reduction Act Statement. We are collecting this information under the authority of the Historic Sites Act of 1935 (16 U.S.C. 461-467) and 36 CFR part 65. Your response is required to obtain or retain a benefit. We will use the information you provide to evaluate properties nominated as National Historic Landmarks. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. OMB has approved this collection of information and assigned Control No. 1024-0276. Estimated Burden Statement. Public reporting burden is 2 hours for an initial inquiry letter and 344 hours for NPS Form 10-934 (per response), including the time it takes to read, gather and maintain data, review instructions and complete the letter/form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate, or any aspects of this form, to the Information Collection Clearance Officer, National Park Service, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 242, Reston, VA 20192. Please do not send your form to this address. NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-934 (Rev. 12-2015) OMB Control No. 1024-0276 (Exp. 01/31/2019) Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Historic Landmarks Nomination Form 3. expansionism and imperialism Period(s) of Significance: 1866-1969 Significant Person(s) (only Criterion 2): Father Damien De Veuster (Saint Damien of Molokai), Mother Marianne Cope (Saint Marianne Cope), and the People of Kalaupapa Cultural Affiliation (only Criterion 6): Native Hawaiian Designer/Creator/Architect/Builder: Historic Contexts: Leprosy and public health, 1866-1969; Euro-American overseas expansion and the colonization of Hawai‘i, 1778-1959; Leprosy, social justice, and human rights, 1866-present NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-934 (Rev. 12-2015) OMB Control No. 1024-0276 (Exp. 01/31/2019) Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Page 3 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Historic Landmarks Nomination Form 3. WITHHOLDING SENSITIVE INFORMATION Does this nomination contain sensitive information that should be withheld under Section 304 of the National Historic Preservation Act? _X_ Yes ___ No 4. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA 1. Acreage of Property: 15,645 acres (8,614 land, 7,031 marine) 2. Use either Latitude/Longitude Coordinates or the UTM system: Latitude/Longitude Coordinates (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places): Datum if other than WGS84: Latitude: Longitude: OR UTM References: Zone Easting Northing (A) 4 718400 2348800 (B) 4 718400 2337300 (C) 4 705200 2337300 (D) 4 705200 2348800 3. Verbal Boundary Description: The eastern boundary of the Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement begins at a point on the north shore of the island of Molokai, Hawai‘i in the area of Wainene (716250 E., 2342500 N. zone 4 UTM). From this point the boundary runs in a southerly direction coincident with the boundary of Kalawao County to a point at the top of the ridge above Leina o Papio Point, at approximately 3,000 feet elevation. From this point the boundary runs in a southeasterly direction along the top of the pali to the point ‘Ōhi‘alele at the top of Kīpapa Ridge. The line continues along the top of the Papa‘ala Pali in a southerly direction, still coincident with the Kalawao County line, to the point Pu‘u Ali‘i. It continues in a westerly direction across the peninsula formed by Waikolu Valley and Pelekunu Valley to a point, Hanalilolilo, at the head of Waikolu Valley. The boundary continues along the top of the pali in a northwestern direction to the point Kalāhuapueo, thence to the point Pu‘u Kaeo, thence to the point Kaluahauoni, all the time coincident with the Kalawao County Boundary. The line continues along the top NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-934 (Rev. 12-2015) OMB Control No. 1024-0276 (Exp. 01/31/2019) Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Page 4 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Historic Landmarks Nomination Form of the pali in a westerly then northerly direction to the point Alae, thence in a southerly direction along the top of the pali to the vicinity of the diversion dam, crosses the Waihānau Stream, and continues along the top of the pali in a northerly direction to the point Pu‘u Kauwā. Thence it continues along the top of the pali still coincident with the Kalawao County line to the area (point) Ili‘ilikā and thence to Keōlewa. It continues thence westerly to a point at approximately 706100 E., 234650 N. (zone 4 UTM). No longer coincident with the Kalawao County line, the boundary continues along the top of the pali on the Pālā‘au State Park boundary and beyond to the point 705250 E., 234800 N. Thence it runs toward the shore to a point 1,500 meters offshore (705400 E., 234650 N). From this point it runs in an easterly then northerly direction 1,500 meters offshore then around the Kalaupapa Peninsula. Upon rounding Kahiu Point, the line continues in a southeasterly direction to a point 500 meters due north of Mōkapu Island, continues in an easterly direction to a point 1,500 meters offshore (716400 E., 2343600 N.), thence southerly to a point 500 meters offshore (716500 E., 2342600 N.), thence to the point described as the beginning point (716250 E., 2342500 N.). 4. Boundary Justification: The boundary remains unchanged from the original NHL boundary established in 1976. It encompasses the entire area defined historically as the leprosy settlement. NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-934 (Rev. 12-2015) OMB Control No. 1024-0276 (Exp. 01/31/2019) Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Page 5 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Historic Landmarks Nomination Form 5. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION Summary Statement of Significance The Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement National Historic Landmark (NHL) encompasses the entire Kalaupapa peninsula on the north coast of the island of Molokai in Hawai‘i. The district is significant under NHL Criteria 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 for its association with nationally and internationally important events, ideas, and persons in the history of leprosy (now also known as Hansen’s disease).1 The period of significance extends from 1866 to 1969, covering the period when the settlement was operated under a policy of compulsory segregation of individuals believed to have contracted leprosy. During those years, approximately 8,000 people – mostly Native Hawaiians – were forcibly exiled to the Kalaupapa peninsula, isolated from their families and society under the rationale that this would halt the spread of the disease. Those sent to Kalaupapa also fought to retain control over their lives by demanding reforms to the government’s leprosy program, inspiring others to support them, and adapting the settlement to meet their needs as a predominantly Hawaiian community. The establishment and expansion of the settlement also involved a second incidence of separation: the removal of the kama‘āina, the Native residents of the area. Hawaiians had lived on the Kalaupapa peninsula for centuries, forming ties with the land that were disrupted when they were forced to make way for the settlement. Some kama‘āina remained in defiance of the government’s orders, providing aid to those sent to the settlement during the early years. As it developed under the jurisdiction of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i, the US territorial government of Hawai‘i, and finally the State of Hawai‘i, Kalaupapa became a model for other isolation institutions established in the US and worldwide. It also represents an important site for ongoing social justice and human rights movements by and in support of persons affected by leprosy. Updates to the Original NHL Nomination Kalaupapa was designated as an NHL in 1976 under the theme of Social and Humanitarian Movements. Areas of significance were identified as archeology (prehistoric and historic), architecture, community planning, religion, and social/humanitarian. The original nomination defined Kalaupapa primarily in medical and humanitarian terms, characterizing it as “a public health measure to protect island people.” It also focused on the settlement’s association with the life of Belgian priest Father Damien De Veuster (now Saint Damien of Molokai), detailing his role in improving living conditions and “generating worldwide movements of concern” for persons affected by the disease.2 This update, completed on behalf of Kalaupapa National Historical Park, reexamines the settlement’s history according to current scholarship and NHL guidelines to ensure that the strongest argument for national significance is made. It also updates information in the original nomination and the 1977 Kalaupapa Building Inventory with more recent data from the park’s Cultural Landscape Inventory 1 In the 1940s, residents of the US National Leprosarium in Carville, Louisiana led a push to replace the term “leprosy” with “Hansen’s disease,” named for the Norwegian physician who discovered the leprosy bacterium in 1873.
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