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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

Procedia CIRP 44 ( 2016 ) 4 – 13

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2212-8271 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 6th CIRP Conference on Assembly Technologies and Systems (CATS) doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.04.107 H. ElMaraghy and W. ElMaraghy / Procedia CIRP 44 ( 2016 ) 4 – 13 5

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