Industrial Revolution Teaching Guide
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A Review of Assembly Line Changes for Lean Manufacturing
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 01-05 www.iosrjournals.org A Review of Assembly Line Changes for Lean Manufacturing Awasare Anant Dattatray 1, M.V.Kavade 2 1 (Mechanical Engineering Department, Rajarambapu institute of Technology India) 2(Head Mechanical Engineering Department, Rajarambapu institute of Technology, India) ABSTRACT: The orientation towards an efficient mass customization confronts most companies with two opposing requirements: While the applied mass production system should be able to produce a huge product variety, the cost must be kept low. Therefore assembly lines have to be planned in a much more flexible way. The more complex the product, the more extensive the product mix—the more difficult the task. Shorter product life cycles also complicate the situation. Due to the volatile nature of market, companies cannot afford to manufacture same type of product for long period of time and neither can maintain high inventory level; to tackle this problem we propose a Continuous improvement tools and techniques are introduced to address these issues, allowing the manufacturing of superior quality products with efficient processes. The Lean tools and techniques is one of them. Keywords - production planning, Mixed-model assembly line balancing, Just-in-time scheduling, Lean tools, Product life cycle I. INTRODUCTION Assembly is an important manufacturing process for cost effective product variety. Significant research has been done in the Design and operations of assembly systems in support of high product variety, but many opportunities exist for future research. Assembly is the capstone process for product realization where component parts and subassemblies are integrated together to form the final products. -
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert Robert Fredona Working Paper 18-021 Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert Harvard Business School Robert Fredona Harvard Business School Working Paper 18-021 Copyright © 2017 by Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona ABSTRACT: N.S.B. Gras, the father of Business History in the United States, argued that the era of mercantile capitalism was defined by the figure of the “sedentary merchant,” who managed his business from home, using correspondence and intermediaries, in contrast to the earlier “traveling merchant,” who accompanied his own goods to trade fairs. Taking this concept as its point of departure, this essay focuses on the predominantly Italian merchants who controlled the long‐distance East‐West trade of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Until the opening of the Atlantic trade, the Mediterranean was Europe’s most important commercial zone and its trade enriched European civilization and its merchants developed the most important premodern mercantile innovations, from maritime insurance contracts and partnership agreements to the bill of exchange and double‐entry bookkeeping. Emerging from literate and numerate cultures, these merchants left behind an abundance of records that allows us to understand how their companies, especially the largest of them, were organized and managed. -
Panel Assembly Line (PAL) for High Production Rates
2015-01-2492 Panel Assembly Line (PAL) for High Production Rates Michael Assadi, Sean Hollowell, Joseph Elsholz Electroimpact Inc. Samuel Dobbs, Brian Stewart Boeing Co. Copyright © 2015 SAE International Abstract Developing the most advanced wing panel assembly line for very The final solution was a coherent, streamlined and efficient assembly high production rates required an innovative and integrated solution, line capable of very high aircraft production rates (Figure 1). relying on the latest technologies in the industry. Looking back at over five decades of commercial aircraft assembly, a clear and singular vision of a fully integrated solution was defined for the new panel production line. The execution was to be focused on co-developing the automation, tooling, material handling and facilities while limiting the number of parties involved. Using the latest technologies in all these areas also required a development plan, which included pre-qualification at all stages of the system development. Planning this large scale project included goals not only for the final solution but for the development and implementation stages as well. The results: Design/build philosophy reduced project time and the number of teams involved. This allowed for easier communication and extended development time well into the project. All design teams (machine, tooling, automation, controls) Figure 1 PAL, automation cell, Line 4, Position 1 (L4P1) collocated and worked together on integration during all stages of development and implementation for the highest Introduction level of integration. Innovative integration of the tooling and the automated equipment evolved throughout project with the teams At the conception of the Panel Assembly Line (PAL), goals targeted working as one group. -
X********X************************************************** * Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made * from the Original Document
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 302 264 IR 052 601 AUTHOR Buckingham, Betty Jo, Ed. TITLE Iowa and Some Iowans. A Bibliography for Schools and Libraries. Third Edition. INSTITUTION Iowa State Dept. of Education, Des Moines. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 312p.; Fcr a supplement to the second edition, see ED 227 842. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibllographies; *Authors; Books; Directories; Elementary Secondary Education; Fiction; History Instruction; Learning Resources Centers; *Local Color Writing; *Local History; Media Specialists; Nonfiction; School Libraries; *State History; United States History; United States Literature IDENTIFIERS *Iowa ABSTRACT Prepared primarily by the Iowa State Department of Education, this annotated bibliography of materials by Iowans or about Iowans is a revised tAird edition of the original 1969 publication. It both combines and expands the scope of the two major sections of previous editions, i.e., Iowan listory and literature, and out-of-print materials are included if judged to be of sufficient interest. Nonfiction materials are listed by Dewey subject classification and fiction in alphabetical order by author/artist. Biographies and autobiographies are entered under the subject of the work or in the 920s. Each entry includes the author(s), title, bibliographic information, interest and reading levels, cataloging information, and an annotation. Author, title, and subject indexes are provided, as well as a list of the people indicated in the bibliography who were born or have resided in Iowa or who were or are considered to be Iowan authors, musicians, artists, or other Iowan creators. Directories of periodicals and annuals, selected sources of Iowa government documents of general interest, and publishers and producers are also provided. -
Smart Contracts for Machine-To-Machine Communication: Possibilities and Limitations
Smart Contracts for Machine-to-Machine Communication: Possibilities and Limitations Yuichi Hanada Luke Hsiao Philip Levis Stanford University Stanford University Stanford University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Blockchain technologies, such as smart contracts, present a unique interface for machine-to-machine communication that provides a secure, append-only record that can be shared without trust and without a central administrator. We study the possibilities and limitations of using smart contracts for machine-to-machine communication by designing, implementing, and evaluating AGasP, an application for automated gasoline purchases. We find that using smart contracts allows us to directly address the challenges of transparency, longevity, and Figure 1. A traditional IoT application that stores a user’s credit card trust in IoT applications. However, real-world applications using information and is installed in a smart vehicle and smart gasoline pump. smart contracts must address their important trade-offs, such Before refueling, the vehicle and pump communicate directly using short-range as performance, privacy, and the challenge of ensuring they are wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, to identify the vehicle and pump written correctly. involved in the transaction. Then, the credit card stored by the cloud service Index Terms—Internet of Things, IoT, Machine-to-Machine is charged after the user refuels. Note that each piece of the application is Communication, Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Ethereum controlled by a single entity. I. INTRODUCTION centralized entity manages application state and communication protocols—they cannot function without the cloud services of The Internet of Things (IoT) refers broadly to interconnected their vendors [11], [12]. -
489.108 Name. 1. the Name of a Limited Liability Company Must Contain the Words “Limited Liability Company” Or “Limited Company” Or the Abbreviation “L
1 REVISED UNIFORM LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ACT, §489.108 489.108 Name. 1. The name of a limited liability company must contain the words “limited liability company” or “limited company” or the abbreviation “L. L. C.”, “LLC”, “L. C.”, or “LC”. “Limited” may be abbreviated as “Ltd.”, and “company” may be abbreviated as “Co.”. 2. Unless authorized by subsection 3, the name of a limited liability company must be distinguishable in the records of the secretary of state from all of the following: a. The name of each person that is not an individual and that is incorporated, organized, or authorized to transact business in this state. b. Each name reserved under section 489.109. 3. A limited liability company may apply to the secretary of state for authorization to use a name that does not comply with subsection 2. The secretary of state shall authorize use of the name applied for if either of the following applies: a. The present user, registrant, or owner of the noncomplying name consents in a signed record to the use and submits an undertaking in a form satisfactory to the secretary of state to change the noncomplying name to a name that complies with subsection 2 and is distinguishable in the records of the secretary of state from the name applied for. b. The applicant delivers to the secretary of state a certified copy of the final judgment of a court establishing the applicant’s right to use in this state the name applied for. 4. A limited liability company may use the name, including the fictitious name, of another entity that is used in this state if the other entity is formed under the law of this state or is authorized to transact business in this state and the proposed user limited liability company meets any of the following conditions: a. -
HANDLING and ASSEMBLY Technologysubject to Change Without Notice
INDUSTRY GUIDE HANDLING AND ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENT APPLICATIONS SOLUTIONS HANDLING AND ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGYSubject to change without notice TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 HANDLING AND ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGY | SICK 8019952/2016-05-13 Subject to change without notice TABLE OF CONTENTS Challenges Challenges in handling and assembly technology 4 Applications in focus The application graphics shown are not binding, they are no substitute for the need to seek expert technical advice. Small part assembly: Example of pre-assembly involving an optics module 6 Small part assembly: Example of pre-assembly involving a housing assembly 14 Small part assembly: Example of final assembly involving a sensor 28 Products Product overview 42 Special pages We simply detect any object 118 IO-Link 120 Software Tool Sopas 122 Smart Sensor Solutions 124 4Dpro 126 Expertise in machines safety 128 Safe control solutions 130 Safety controller Flexi Soft 132 Safe networking: Flexi Line 134 Safe sensor cascade: Flexi Loop 135 Safe motion monitoring 136 Encoder and Motor feedback systems 138 General information Company 140 Industries 142 SICK LifeTime Services 144 Versatile product range for industrial automation 146 Industrial communication and device integration 150 Services 155 8019952/2016-05-13 HANDLING AND ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGY | SICK 3 Subject to change without notice HANDLING AND ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGYSubject to change without notice CHALLENGES Challenges in handling and assembly technology Many industries such as automotive, electronics, metal, machine tools, and medical engineering can be identified as the driving force behind handling and assembly technology. They rely heavily on automated han- dling and assembly processes that in turn contribute to streamlining high quality and accuracy and improving productivity and PSDI times. -
High Volume Automated Spar Assembly Line (SAL) 2017-01-2073 Published 09/19/2017
High Volume Automated Spar Assembly Line (SAL) 2017-01-2073 Published 09/19/2017 Rick Calawa Electroimpact Inc. Gavin Smith Boeing Co CITATION: Calawa, R. and Smith, G., "High Volume Automated Spar Assembly Line (SAL)," SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2073, 2017, doi:10.4271/2017-01-2073. Copyright © 2017 SAE International Abstract build process and an exercise of the lean principles. As is typical, relatively good data was available from the automated equipment, but The decision to replace a successful automated production system at analyzing it showed that machine run time was only a fraction of the the heart of a high volume aircraft factory does not come easily. A point overall build time. Numerous manual interactions required frequent is reached when upgrades and retrofits are insufficient to meet machine stops. All maintenance required production stops or late increasing capacity demands and additional floor space is simply night and weekend work. Build times varied widely. unavailable. The goals of this project were to increase production volume, reduce floor space usage, improve the build process, and The wish list for a new spar production system was ambitious: smooth factory flow without disrupting today’s manufacturing. Two decades of lessons learned were leveraged along with advancements in • No large production disruptions. the aircraft assembly industry, modern machine control technologies, and maturing safety standards to justify the risk and expense of a • Increase production capacity. ground-up redesign. This paper will describe how an automated wing ◦ Create a single flow line and reduce buffer requirements by spar fastening system that has performed well for 20 years is analyzed matching the takt time of the wing lines. -
Issue Index Trail Tales: the Journal of Boone County History
Issue Index Trail Tales: The Journal of Boone County History Published by the Boone County Historical Society Issues 1-127(September 1969 –Spring/Summer 2018) Compiled by Suzanne S. Caswell Copyrighted by Suzanne S. Caswell 2019 Trail Tales Index by Issue* Compiled by Suzanne Caswell No. Date Title Page 1 September “Historical Fair to be Held” 1 1969 BCHS Board Meeting Held (synopsis of minutes) 2-3 “City Hall Records” (Given to BCHS) 4 “Boonesboro Pottery” (Operated by John Franklin Hyten) 4-5 “Four Men Killed: Fast Mail Jumps Track Near River Bridge” 6-9 Boone County Democrat, August 4, 1899 “On Display” (Note about A. P. Olmstead, victim of crash into Honey Creek, July 6, 1881) 9 “The Strange Men at Fraser” 10-24 By A. P. Butts “About this Booklet” (purpose of publication) BC 2 Jan./Feb. Trail Tales (First issue so named) IFC† 1970 “Report of Committee- 1903” (Early Settlers’ Association) 1-8 “Mary Brown Crossing” (Ft. D. D. M. & So. RR) 8-9 “Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth” (Report on possible museum building) 9-10 “The Boone County Historical Fair” 10-13 “Life at the Moingona Depot” 13-14 Boone Illustrated “1896” (Insert) 3 Apr./May Imprinted Seal of the Incline Railway & Coal Co. 1 1970 “The Runaway on Fraser Hill” (Ft. D., D. M. & So. RR) 3-13 By A. P. Butts “Report on March 18th Meeting” (Discusses the development of Kate Shelley site) 14 “Kate Shelley’s Speech, 1888” 15-39 By Kate Shelley Poem: “Grove Mine No. 1” (IBC)‡ By Mrs. -
Shareholder Capitalism a System in Crisis New Economics Foundation Shareholder Capitalism
SHAREHOLDER CAPITALISM A SYSTEM IN CRISIS NEW ECONOMICS FOUNDATION SHAREHOLDER CAPITALISM SUMMARY Our current, highly financialised, form of shareholder capitalism is not Shareholder capitalism just failing to provide new capital for – a system driven by investment, it is actively undermining the ability of listed companies to the interests of reinvest their own profits. The stock shareholder-backed market has become a vehicle for and market-fixated extracting value from companies, not companies – is broken. for injecting it. No wonder that Andy Haldane, Chief Economist of the Bank of England, recently suggested that shareholder capitalism is ‘eating itself.’1 Corporate governance has become dominated by the need to maximise short-term shareholder returns. At the same time, financial markets have grown more complex, highly intermediated, and similarly short- termist, with shares increasingly seen as paper assets to be traded rather than long-term investments in sound businesses. This kind of trading is a zero-sum game with no new wealth, let alone social value, created. For one person to win, another must lose – and increasingly, the only real winners appear to be the army of financial intermediaries who control and perpetuate the merry-go- round. There is nothing natural or inevitable about the shareholder-owned corporation as it currently exists. Like all economic institutions, it is a product of political and economic choices which can and should be remade if they no longer serve our economy, society, or environment. Here’s the impact -
Outline of a Business Plan Plan Summary Company And
APPENDIX B OUTLINE OF A BUSINESS PLAN A business plan is a description of your proposed or existing business and should include information on the business' products or services, markets, marketing strategies, manufacturing procedures, ownership, management structure, needs (organizational, personnel and financial) and projections. A well-prepared business plan serves two important functions. First, it is a basic management tool that helps guide the future direction of your company. Second, it is a mandatory document if you plan to seek business financing. How much detail should your business plan contain and in what order? What will help make it effective in communicating your proposed or existing company's strengths and potential? The purpose of this section of the handbook is to help you answer such questions. Not all plans need to be alike. Some sections of this outline may be more applicable to your company than others. You should make every effort to tailor your plan to your company's specific set of circumstances. PLAN SUMMARY A well-written business plan summary allows prospective lenders and investors to quickly decide if they want to examine the entire plan in detail. Therefore, your objective in the plan summary is to convince them to study the plan further. Although a plan summary appears first, it should be the last part you write. The summary should briefly highlight the key elements of your business plan and include the following points: - A brief history of your business or business concept; - A description of your products or services with emphasis on their distinguishing features, the market needs they will meet, the market potential and assessment of the competition: - How the products will be made, or services performed; - An outline of your management team's experience and talent; - A summary of your financial projections; and - How much money you are seeking, in what form, for what purpose and how it will be repaid. -
Mental Strain As Field of Action in the 4Th Industrial Revolution
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia CIRP 17 ( 2014 ) 100 – 105 Variety Management in Manufacturing. Proceedings of the 47th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems Mental strain as field of action in the 4th industrial revolution Uwe DOMBROWSKI, Tobias WAGNER* Institute for Advanced Industrial Management (IFU), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19, 38106 Braunschweig * Corresponding author. Tel.: "+49 531 391-2725" ; Fax: +49 531 391-8237. E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract Industrial revolutions have changed the society by a development of key-technologies. The vision of the 4th industrial revolution is triggered by technological concepts and solutions to realize a combination of the economy of scale with the economy of scope. This aim is also known as mass customization and is characterized by handling a high level of complexity with a total network integration of products and production processes. These technology-driven changes also lead to new fields of activity in the industrial science and the occupational psychology. The 4th industrial revolution intends to implement the collaboration between humans and machines. At the same time, processes are locally controlled and planned. For humans, this results to new work items. Resulting psychological effects should be investigated. This paper classifies the 4th industrial revolution systematically and describes future changes for employees. It derives the necessity of labor- psychological analysis of new key technologies like cyber physical systems. A theoretical foundation of a psychological work requirement analysis by using the VERA method is given.