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Mission: History Studiorum Historiam Praemium Est

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Mission: History Studiorum Historiam Praemium Est MN a v a l O r d e rI o f t hDe U n i t e d SWt a t e s – S a n F rAa n c i s c o CYo m m a n d e r y Mission: History Studiorum Historiam Praemium Est 5 June 2000 HHHHHH Volume 2, Number 6 Turning Point in War with Japan Is Officially ‘Am erica’s Trafalgar’ Naval Establishment Plans Annual Honors; Should Be Nationwide United Kingdom in M idst Of Decade-Long Celebration Of Nelson’s Historic Victory A year ago, this space carried the words “Midway is America’s Trafalgar.” Note was made that while neither battle was decisive, each changed the course of the war in which it was fought. Those wars being what they were, Midway and Trafalgar can be said to have changed the course of history — or to have kept the course of history from changing. The similarity of the battles ends when it comes to the regard for them by the peoples protected by the victories. In Great Britain, the story of Nelson’s vic- tory is remembered and taught in schools. In the United States, the Battle (Continued on page 2) Correction In the May issue of Mission: History THEIR BOMB RACKS EMPTY, a pair of Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless dive bombers of VS-6 bid the middle name of Admiral William adieu to Akagi and head home to USS Enterprise. One of the bombs penetrated Akagi’s center Sowden Sims was incorrectly given as elevator and exploded on the hangar deck among airplanes that were being refueled and rearmed “Snowden.” after their attack on Midway Island. Everything exploded — gasoline, bombs, torpedoes and the planes themselves. The odd-looking projection from the ship’s starboard side is her funnel. We apologize for any inconvenience Detail from a painting by R. G. Smith c a u s ed by this error. Page 2 M i s s i o n : Hi s to r y 5 June 2000 Nationwide Remembrance Of Midway Victory is Due (Continued from page 1) of Midway was all but forgotten on the day after VJ Day. In the United Kingdom, the victory at Trafalgar is celebrated annually and, with its 200th anniversary only five years off, Great Britain is in the midst of an entire decade devoted to its memory. In the U.S., ask the average man on the street about the Battle of Midway and the likely answer will be “That was a movie, right?” Last summer, the Chief of Naval Op- erations put in motion a plan to change that, at least within the naval establish- ment. In an “administrative message,” Admiral Jay L. Johnson said “It is one of my goals to help preserve our rich naval heritage and build upon it.” He cited the THREE JAP BOMBS have made a mess of Yorktown and left her dead in the water, to the dis- founding of the U.S. Navy and the Battle may of pilots returning from attacking enemy carriers. Some of that smoke is coming from a 1.1- of Midway as the two most significant inch ammo ready magazine, where an ensign and three sailors are beating out flames by hand. events in the history of the service. you the stories of a Marine who was on Official U.S. Navy Photograph “Beginning 4 June 2000,” he wrote, “we Midway Island when Jap bombs were will inaugurate annual activities com- falling, a gunnery officer who distin- Ninety-Day Wonder memorating one of the most decisive sea guished himself aboard Yorktown during Helps Save His Ship, battles in world history.” her ordeal and a radioman-gunner who Helps Save His Ship, Admiral D. L. Pilling, Vice-CNO, was one of the few survivors of torpedo If Only for a While followed through in March of this year plane attacks against the Japanese air- with a message suggesting forms the craft carriers. John d’Arc Lorenz of Portland, Ore., commemoration of the Battle of Midway As to the Navy officially recognizing was commissioned an ensign in the U.S. should take but granting considerable that the Battle of Midway should be hon- Navy Reserve on 14 November 1940. He leeway in the sentence “Commanders, ored, well it’s about time. But the Navy was a graduate of the first V-7 Midship- commanding officers and officers in is preaching to the choir —– it’s the ci- man program, and after a short leave charge are encouraged to commemorate vilian population that should be made reported aboard USS Yorktown (CV-5) the anniversary as desired and as deemed aware of Midway and of the contribu- at Pearl Harbor. appropriate for their commands....” tions of the armed services to its tran- Ens. Lorenz may have been a “ninety- In Mid-April, there appeared on the quility. A Briton’s heart beats faster at day wonder” but he was a battle-tested World Wide Web site of the Naval His- the sight of the White Ensign. It should old salt by 4 June 1942, and a battery torical Center suggested agenda of possi- not be otherwise here. officer aboard his flattop. He had been ble commemorative activities, including through the Battle of the Coral Sea a dining out. The dining out agenda is where, in the gloom of dusk on 7 May complete with toasts to be offered. The How to Get in Touch his gunners had a live-fire exercise when sixth of these is "To the continuing suc- Mission: History has been asked to provide an some Japanese airplanes mistakenly tried cess of Midway Night as a commemora- address for reader communications. E-mail may to land aboard Yorktown. One Jap was be sent to this address: tion of the warriors of the Naval Ser- [email protected] shot down and the others were fright- vice." ened off. Mail may be sent by conventional post to: “Warriors?” We have noticed this Ric Teague On the afternoon of 8 May, Japanese locution popping up with increasing fre- 2239 Wellesley Street dive bombers and torpedo planes caught quency in the U.S. Naval Institute Pro- Palo Alto, CA 94306 Yorktown and USS Lexington (CV-2) ceedings, along with “warfighters.” We Submissions are not encouraged because of with their combat air patrol down. It constraints on the time available for editing. If would be a fight between the anti-aircraft have talked with a number of Midway such are sent, they should be sent as e-mail at- veterans, and they considered themselves tachments in Microsoft Word 6.0 or as typewrit- gunners and Jap planes. Lady Lex was sailors and flyers, not warriors. ten copy, double-spaced, accompanied by a 3½- lost in the battle, but Yorktown was able Because there is nothing we can tell inch diskette containing the submission in MS to dodge most of the bombs and torpe- Word 6.0 for Windows. does. An 800-pound bomb penetrated you about the Battle of Midway that has Quite welcome, however, are suggestions of not been told better in the literature of events for coverage. Please offer suggestions two her flight deck about 15 feet inboard World War II, we have chosen to bring months ahead of the anniversary of an event. (Continued on page 3) 5 June 2000 M i s s i o n : Hi s to r y Page 3 ,attle of the Coral Sea Was Lorenz’ Baptism (Continued from page 2) from the island and exploded in the fourth deck. Ens. Lorenz became an ex- pert on many of the operational aspects of naval warfare. Yorktown limped home to Pearl, facing an estimated ninety-day repair job. Yorktown steamed into the Pearl Har- bor Navy Yard at 1430 on 27 May, suf- fering serious internal wounds from the bomb blast and leaking where her plates had been buckled by near misses. She was pushed directly into the big dry dock and more than 1400 men went to work on her. They worked in shifts, around the clock once and then almost around the clock again, and at 1100 on 29 May the dry dock was flooded and Yorktown moved into the harbor, with the work- men still aboard. Yorktown was fueled and took on air- craft that afternoon and, at 0900 on 30 May, sailed to join Task Force 17 which, POUNDING THE LUMPS OUT of Yorktown’s flight deck was only part of the effective damage with Task Force 16, constituted the Pa- control that enabled the ship to go from dead in the water to 20 knots and resume flight opera- cific Fleet that would oppose a Japanese tions, but enemy torpedo planes would arrive in about an hour. invasion of Midway Island. It wasn’t Official U.S. Navy photograph by Photographer 2nd Class William G. Roy much of a fleet. Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher had in TF 17 one aircraft carrier in Yorktown, two cruisers and six destroyers. Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance in TF 16 had two carriers, USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet (CV- 8), six cruisers and eight destroyers. This armada was to meet a Japanese fleet consisting of four fleet carriers and one light carrier, seven battleships, 11 cruisers and about 45 destroyers. The Japs of course were screening a large invasion force with numerous transports, supply ships and auxiliaries. Both sides had submarines on hand, and one of them would be the death of Yorktown and the destroyer USS Hammann (DD- 412), the only U.S.
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