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Distant Reading, Computational Stylistics, and Corpus Linguistics the Critical Theory of Digital Humanities for Literature Subject Librarians David D
CHAPTER FOUR Distant Reading, Computational Stylistics, and Corpus Linguistics The Critical Theory of Digital Humanities for Literature Subject Librarians David D. Oberhelman FOR LITERATURE librarians who frequently assist or even collaborate with faculty, researchers, IT professionals, and students on digital humanities (DH) projects, understanding some of the tacit or explicit literary theoretical assumptions involved in the practice of DH can help them better serve their constituencies and also equip them to serve as a bridge between the DH community and the more traditional practitioners of literary criticism who may not fully embrace, or may even oppose, the scientific leanings of their DH colleagues.* I will therefore provide a brief overview of the theory * Literary scholars’ opposition to the use of science and technology is not new, as Helle Porsdam has observed by looking at the current debates over DH in the academy in terms of the academic debate in Great Britain in the 1950s and 1960s between the chemist and novelist C. P. Snow and the literary critic F. R. Leavis over the “two cultures” of science and the humanities (Helle Porsdam, “Too Much ‘Digital,’ Too Little ‘Humanities’? An Attempt to Explain Why Humanities Scholars Are Reluctant Converts to Digital Humanities,” Arcadia project report, 2011, DSpace@Cambridge, www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244642). 54 DISTANT READING behind the technique of DH in the case of literature—the use of “distant reading” as opposed to “close reading” of literary texts as well as the use of computational linguistics, stylistics, and corpora studies—to help literature subject librarians grasp some of the implications of DH for the literary critical tradition and learn how DH practitioners approach literary texts in ways that are fundamentally different from those employed by many other critics.† Armed with this knowledge, subject librarians may be able to play a role in integrating DH into the traditional study of literature. -
On the Threshold of the Holocaust: Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms In
Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. of the Holocaust carried out by the local population. Who took part in these excesses, and what was their attitude towards the Germans? The Author Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms Were they guided or spontaneous? What Tomasz Szarota is Professor at the Insti- part did the Germans play in these events tute of History of the Polish Academy in Occupied Europe and how did they manipulate them for of Sciences and serves on the Advisory their own benefit? Delving into the source Board of the Museum of the Second Warsaw – Paris – The Hague – material for Warsaw, Paris, The Hague, World War in Gda´nsk. His special interest Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Kaunas, this comprises WWII, Nazi-occupied Poland, Amsterdam – Antwerp – Kaunas study is the first to take a comparative the resistance movement, and life in look at these questions. Looking closely Warsaw and other European cities under at events many would like to forget, the the German occupation. On the the Threshold of Holocaust ISBN 978-3-631-64048-7 GEP 11_264048_Szarota_AK_A5HC PLE edition new.indd 1 31.08.15 10:52 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. -
KB-Driven Information Extraction to Enable Distant Reading of Museum Collections Giovanni A
KB-Driven Information Extraction to Enable Distant Reading of Museum Collections Giovanni A. Cignoni, Progetto HMR, [email protected] Enrico Meloni, Progetto HMR, [email protected] Short abstract (same as the one submitted in ConfTool) Distant reading is based on the possibility to count data, to graph and to map them, to visualize the re- lations which are inside the data, to enable new reading perspectives by the use of technologies. By contrast, close reading accesses information by staying at a very fine detail level. Sometimes, we are bound to close reading because technologies, while available, are not applied. Collections preserved in the museums represent a relevant part of our cultural heritage. Cataloguing is the traditional way used to document a collection. Traditionally, catalogues are lists of records: for each piece in the collection there is a record which holds information on the object. Thus, a catalogue is just a table, a very simple and flat data structure. Each collection has its own catalogue and, even if standards exists, they are often not applied. The actual availability and usability of information in collections is impaired by the need of access- ing each catalogue individually and browse it as a list of records. This can be considered a situation of mandatory close reading. The paper discusses how it will be possible to enable distant reading of collections. Our proposed solution is based on a knowledge base and on KB-driven information extraction. As a case study, we refer to a particular domain of cultural heritage: history of information science and technology (HIST). -
IXA-Pipe) and Parsing (Alpino)
Details from a distance? CLIN26 Amsterdam A Dutch pipeline for event detection Chantal van Son, Marieke van Erp, Antske Fokkens, Paul Huygen, Ruben Izquierdo Bevia & Piek Vossen CLOSE READING DISTANT READING NewsReader & BiographyNet Apply the detailed analyses typically associated with close (or at least non-distant) reading to large amounts of textual data ✤ NewsReader: (financial) news data ✤ Day-by-day processing of news; reconstructing a coherent story ✤ Four languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Dutch ✤ BiographyNet: biographical data ✤ Answering historical questions with digitalized data from Biography Portal of the Netherlands (www.biografischportaal.nl) using computational methods http://www.newsreader-project.eu/ http://www.biographynet.nl/ Event extraction and representation 1. Intra-document processing: Dutch NLP pipeline generating NAF files ✤ pipeline includes tokenization, parsing, SRL, NERC, etc. ✤ NLP Annotation Format (NAF) is a multi-layered annotation format for representing linguistic annotations in complex NLP architectures 2. Cross-document processing: event coreference to convert NAF to RDF representation 3. Store the NAF and RDF in a KnowledgeStore Event extraction and representation 1. Intra-document processing: Dutch NLP pipeline generating NAF files ✤ pipeline includes tokenization, parsing, SRL, NERC, etc. ✤ NLP Annotation Format (NAF) is a multi-layered annotation format for representing linguistic annotations in complex NLP architectures 2. Cross-document processing: event coreference to convert NAF to RDF 3. -
1 CURRICULUM VITAE Cezar M. Ornatowski, Ph.D Department of Rhetoric and Writing Studies [email protected] San Diego State Universit
CURRICULUM VITAE Cezar M. Ornatowski, Ph.D Department of Rhetoric and Writing Studies [email protected] San Diego State University tel. 619-594-7933 San Diego, California 92182-4452 fax 619-594-6530 EDUCATION • PhD in English and American Literature with concentration in Rhetoric and Composition. University of California, San Diego, 1991. Dissertation: "Between Politics and Efficiency: The Rhetoric and Politics of Technical Information in a Multinational Aerospace Firm." An ethnographic study of the generation, circulation, dissemination— with focus on rhetorical issues--of technical information in a multinational aerospace firm. Dissertation director: Charles R. Cooper. • Master of Arts in English. Boston College Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 1980. Graduated with distinction. • Incomplete MA studies in English Philology and Linguistics. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, 1971-76. PROFESSIONAL FOCI Political transformation (esp. in Central/Eastern Europe), propaganda, rhetoric and security, political rhetoric, totalitarian and democratic rhetorics, visual rhetoric, professional/technical communication. ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT HISTORY • Professor of Rhetoric and Writing Studies, Department of Rhetoric and Writing Studies, San Diego State University, 2007-present. • Associated Faculty, Master’s of Science Program in Homeland Security, College of Science, San Diego State University, 2008-present. • Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Writing Studies, Department of Rhetoric and Writing Studies, San Diego State University, 1996-2007. • Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Writing Studies, Department of Rhetoric and Writing Studies, San Diego State University, 1993-96. • Assistant Professor, Department of English and Comparative Literature, San Diego State University, 1992-93. • Teaching Assistant, Department of Literature, University of California, San Diego, 1983- 1991. • Lecturer of English, Department of English and Comparative Literature, San Diego State University, 1982-92. -
Measuring Text Simplification with the Crowd
Measuring Text Simplification with the Crowd Walter S. Lasecki Luz Rello Jeffrey P. Bigham ROC HCI HCI Institute HCI and LT Institutes Dept. of Computer Science School of Computer Science School of Computer Science University of Rochester Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT the U.S. [41]1 and the European Guidelines for the Production of Text can often be complex and difficult to read, especially for peo Easy-to-Read Information in Europe [23]. ple with cognitive impairments or low literacy skills. Text simplifi Text simplification is an area of Natural Language Processing cation is a process that reduces the complexity of both wording and (NLP) that attempts to solve this problem automatically by reduc structure in a sentence, while retaining its meaning. However, this ing the complexity of both wording (lexicon) and structure (syn is currently a challenging task for machines, and thus, providing tax) in a sentence [46]. Previous efforts on automatic text simpli effective on-demand text simplification to those who need it re fication have focused on people with autism [20, 39], people with mains an unsolved problem. Even evaluating the simplicity of text Down syndrome [48], people with dyslexia [42, 43], and people remains a challenging problem for both computers, which cannot with aphasia [11, 18]. understand the meaning of text, and humans, who often struggle to However, automatic text simplification is in an early stage and agree on what constitutes a good simplification. still is not useful for the target users [20, 43, 48]. -
ISSN: 1647-0818 Lingua
lingua Volume 12, Número 2 (2020) ISSN: 1647-0818 lingua Volume 12, N´umero 2 { 2020 Linguamatica´ ISSN: 1647{0818 Editores Alberto Sim~oes Jos´eJo~aoAlmeida Xavier G´omezGuinovart Conteúdo Artigos de Investiga¸c~ao Adapta¸c~aoLexical Autom´atica em Textos Informativos do Portugu^esBrasileiro para o Ensino Fundamental Nathan Siegle Hartmann & Sandra Maria Alu´ısio .................3 Avaliando entidades mencionadas na cole¸c~ao ELTeC-por Diana Santos, Eckhard Bick & Marcin Wlodek ................... 29 Avalia¸c~aode recursos computacionais para o portugu^es Matilde Gon¸calves, Lu´ısaCoheur, Jorge Baptista & Ana Mineiro ........ 51 Projetos, Apresentam-se! Aplicaci´onde WordNet e de word embeddings no desenvolvemento de proto- tipos para a xeraci´onautom´atica da lingua Mar´ıaJos´eDom´ınguezV´azquez ........................... 71 Editorial Ainda h´apouco public´avamosa primeira edi¸c~aoda Linguam´atica e, subitamente, eis-nos a comemorar uma d´uziade anos. A todos os que colaboraram durante todos estes anos, tenham sido leitores, autores ou revisores, a todos o nosso muito obrigado. N~ao´ef´acilmanter um projeto destes durante tantos anos, sem qualquer financi- amento. Todo este sucesso ´egra¸cas a trabalho volunt´ario de todos, o que nos permite ter artigos de qualidade publicados e acess´ıveisgratuitamente a toda a comunidade cient´ıfica. Nestes doze anos muitos foram os que nos acompanharam, nomeadamente na comiss~aocient´ıfica. Alguns dos primeiros membros, convidados em 2008, continuam ativamente a participar neste projeto, realizando revis~oesapuradas. Outros, por via do seu percurso acad´emico e pessoal, j´an~aocolaboram connosco. Como sinal de agradecimento temos mantido os seus nomes na publica¸c~ao. -
Proceedings of the 1St Workshop on Tools and Resources to Empower
LREC 2020 Workshop Language Resources and Evaluation Conference 11–16 May 2020 1st Workshop on Tools and Resources to Empower People with REAding DIfficulties (READI) PROCEEDINGS Edited by Nuria´ Gala and Rodrigo Wilkens Proceedings of the LREC 2020 first workshop on Tools and Resources to Empower People with REAding DIfficulties (READI) Edited by: Núria Gala and Rodrigo Wilkens ISBN: 979-10-95546-44-3 EAN: 9791095546443 For more information: European Language Resources Association (ELRA) 9 rue des Cordelières 75013, Paris France http://www.elra.info Email: [email protected] c European Language Resources Association (ELRA) These workshop proceedings are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ii Preface Recent studies show that the number of children and adults facing difficulties in reading and understanding written texts is steadily growing. Reading challenges can show up early on and may include reading accuracy, speed, or comprehension to the extent that the impairment interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily life. Various technologies (text customization, text simplification, text to speech devices, screening for readers through games and web applications, to name a few) have been developed to help poor readers to get better access to information as well as to support reading development. Among those technologies, text simplification is a powerful way to leverage document accessibility by using NLP techniques. The “First Workshop on Tools and Resources to Empower People with REAding DIfficulties” (READI), collocated with the “International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation” (LREC 2020), aims at presenting current state-of-the-art techniques and achievements for text simplification together with existing reading aids and resources for lifelong learning, addressing a variety of domains and languages, including natural language processing, linguistics, psycholinguistics, psychophysics of vision and education. -
Data-Driven Text Simplification
Data-Driven Text Simplification Sanja Štajner and Horacio Saggion [email protected] http://web.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/sstajner/index.html University of Mannheim, Germany [email protected] #TextSimplification2018 https://www.upf.edu/web/horacio-saggion University Pompeu Fabra, Spain COLING 2018 Tutorial Presenters • Sanja Stajner • Horacio Saggion • http://web.informatik.uni- • http://www.dtic.upf.edu/~hsaggion mannheim.de/sstajner • https://www.linkedin.com/pub/horacio- • https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanja- saggion/16/9b9/174 stajner-a6904738 • https://twitter.com/h_saggion • Data and Web Science Group • Large Scale Text Understanding • https://dws.informatik.uni - Systems Lab / TALN group mannheim.de/en/home/ • http://www.taln.upf.edu • University of Mannheim, Germany • Department of Information & Communication Technologies • Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain © 2018 by S. Štajner & H. Saggion 2 Tutorial antecedents • Previous tutorials on the topic given at: • IJCNLP 2013 and RANLP 2015 (H. Saggion) • RANLP 2017 (S. Štajner) • Automatic Text Simplification. H. Saggion. 2017. Morgan & Claypool. Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies Series. https://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00700ED1V01Y201602 HLT032 © 2018 by S. Štajner & H. Saggion 3 Outline • Motivation for ATS • Automatic text simplification • TS projects • TS resources • Neural text simplification © 2018 by S. Štajner & H. Saggion 4 PART 1 Motivation for Text Simplification © 2018 by S. Štajner & H. Saggion 5 Text Simplification (TS) The process of transforming a text into an equivalent which is more readable and/or understandable by a target audience • During simplification, complex sentences are split into simple ones and uncommon vocabulary is replaced by more common expressions • TS is a complex task which encompasses a number of operations applied at different linguistic levels: • Lexical • Syntactic • Discourse • Started to attract the attention of natural language processing some years ago (1996) mainly as a pre-processing step © 2018 by S. -
Classifier-Based Text Simplification for Improved Machine Translation
Classifier-Based Text Simplification for Improved Machine Translation Shruti Tyagi Deepti Chopra Iti Mathur Nisheeth Joshi Department of Computer Department of Computer Department of Computer Department of Computer Science Science Science Science Banasthali University Banasthali University Banasthali University Banasthali University Rajasthan, India Rajasthan, India Rajasthan, India Rajasthan, India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Machine Translation is one of the research fields E. Text Summarization: Splitting of sentence or conversion of of Computational Linguistics. The objective of many MT long sentence into smaller ones helps in text summarization. Researchers is to develop an MT System that produce good quality and high accuracy output translations and which also There are also different approaches through which we can covers maximum language pairs. As internet and Globalization is apply text simplification. These are: increasing day by day, we need a way that improves the quality of translation. For this reason, we have developed a Classifier based Text Simplification Model for English-Hindi Machine A. Lexical Simplification: In this approach, identification of Translation Systems. We have used support vector machines and complex words takes place and generation of Naïve Bayes Classifier to develop this model. We have also evaluated the performance of these classifiers. substitutes/synonyms takes place accordingly. For example, in the example below, we have highlighted the complex words Keywords— Machine Translation, Text Simplification, Naïve and their respective substitutes. Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine Classifier Original Sentence: Audible word was originally named audire in Latin. I. INTRODUCTION Simplified Sentence: Audible word was first called audire in Text Simplification is the process that reduces the Latin. -
An International Journal of English Studies 25/1 2016 EDITOR Prof
ANGLICA An International Journal of English Studies 25/1 2016 EDITOR prof. dr hab. Grażyna Bystydzieńska [[email protected]] ASSOCIATE EDITORS dr hab. Marzena Sokołowska-Paryż [[email protected]] dr Anna Wojtyś [[email protected]] ASSISTANT EDITORS dr Katarzyna Kociołek [[email protected]] dr Magdalena Kizeweter [[email protected]] ADVISORY BOARD GUEST REVIEWERS Michael Bilynsky, University of Lviv Dorota Babilas, University of Warsaw Andrzej Bogusławski, University of Warsaw Teresa Bela, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Mirosława Buchholtz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń Maria Błaszkiewicz, University of Warsaw Xavier Dekeyser University of Antwerp / KU Leuven Anna Branach-Kallas, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń Bernhard Diensberg, University of Bonn Teresa Bruś, University of Wrocław, Poland Edwin Duncan, Towson University, Towson, MD Francesca de Lucia, independent scholar Jacek Fabiszak, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Ilona Dobosiewicz, Opole University Jacek Fisiak, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Andrew Gross, University of Göttingen Elzbieta Foeller-Pituch, Northwestern University, Evanston-Chicago Paweł Jędrzejko, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec Piotr Gąsiorowski, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Aniela Korzeniowska, University of Warsaw Keith Hanley, Lancaster University Andrzej Kowalczyk, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin Christopher Knight, University of Montana, Missoula, MT Barbara Kowalik, University of Warsaw Marcin Krygier, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Ewa Łuczak, University of Warsaw Krystyna Kujawińska-Courtney, University of Łódź David Malcolm, University of Gdańsk Zbigniew Mazur, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin Dominika Oramus University of Warsaw Znak ogólnodostępnyRafał / Molencki,wersje University językowe of Silesia, Sosnowiec Marek Paryż, University of Warsaw John G. Newman, University of Texas at Brownsville Anna Pochmara, University of Warsaw Michal Jan Rozbicki, St. -
Joseph Von Eichendorff (1788–1857) a Česko-Polská Kulturní a Umělecká Pohraničí
JOSEPH VON EICHENDORFF (1788–1857) A ČESKO-POLSKÁ KULTURNÍ A UMĚLECKÁ POHRANIČÍ JOSEPH VON EICHENDORFF (1788–1857) I CZESKO-POLSKIE KULTUROWE I ARTYSTYCZNE POGRANICZA Libor Martinek a kol. SLEZSKÁ UNIVERZITA V OPAVĚ FILOZOFICKO-PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV BOHEMISTIKY A KNIHOVNICTVÍ KABINET LITERÁRNĚVĚDNÉ KOMPARATISTIKY JOSEPH VON EICHENDORFF (1788–1857) A ČESKO-POLSKÁ KULTURNÍ A UMĚLECKÁ POHRANIČÍ Kolektivní monografi e JOSEPH VON EICHENDORFF (1788–1857) I CZESKO-POLSKIE KULTUROWE I ARTYSTYCZNE POGRANICZA Monografi a zbiorowa Libor Martinek a kol. 2018 OBSAH – SPIS TREŚCI Publikace vznikla v rámci grantového projektu Česko-polské fórum – Forum Polsko-Czeskie při Ministerstvu zahraničních věcí ČR ANOTACE /Libor Martinek/ . 11 (registrační číslo projektu: 92783/2018-OVD). 1 ÚVODEM K OSOBNOSTI A DÍLU JOSEPHA VON EICHENDORFF Řešitel: Libor Martinek, ÚBK FPF SU v Opavě (ČR). /Libor Martinek/. 12 1.1 Úvodem . 12 Spoluřešitel z partnerské instituce: Małgorzata Gamrat, IM UW w Warszawie (Polska). 1.2 Původ rodu Eichendorff ů . .12 1.3 Život Josepha von Eichendorff . 13 © Libor Martinek a kol., 2018 1.4 Stručná charakteristika Eichendorff ovy tvorby . .17 JOSEPH VON EICHENDORFF A OTÁZKY RECEPCE – Lektorovali / Recenzenci: JOSEPH VON EICHENDORFF I PROBLEMY RECEPCJI . .19 Prof. dr. hab. Bogusław Bakuła Doc. Mgr. Radek Malý, Ph.D. 2 ČESKÁ RECEPCE JOSEFA VON EICHENDORFF, ZEJMÉNA SE ZAMĚŘENÍM Na PŘEKLADY JEHO DĚL /Jiří Munzar/ . 21 2.1 První překlady z Josefa von Eichendorff . 21 Redakce / Redakcja naukowa: 2.2 Překlady v meziválečném období . 21 Dr hab. Małgorzata Gamrat 2.3 Překlady za 2. světové války . .22 Doc. PhDr. Libor Martinek, Ph.D. 2.4 Překlady v letech 1945–1959 . 22 2.5 Překlady v 60.