Variants The Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship 15-16 | 2021 Textual Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century Editors’ Preface Wout Dillen, Elli Bleeker, Laura Esteban-Segura and Stefano Rosignoli Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/variants/1239 DOI: 10.4000/variants.1239 ISSN: 1879-6095 Publisher European Society for Textual Scholarship Printed version Date of publication: 1 July 2021 Number of pages: iii-x ISSN: 1573-3084 Electronic reference Wout Dillen, Elli Bleeker, Laura Esteban-Segura and Stefano Rosignoli, “Editors’ Preface”, Variants [Online], 15-16 | 2021, Online since 01 July 2021, connection on 16 July 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/variants/1239 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/variants.1239 The authors VARIANTS 15–16 Textual Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century (Summer 2021) ESTS Board members Anne Baillot, France Elli Bleeker, The Netherlands Isabel de la Cruz Cabanillas, Spain Wout Dillen, Belgium Palkó Gábor, Hungary Jan Gielkens, The Netherlands Roland S. Kamzelak, Germany Anthony Lappin, Sweden Elena Pierazzo, France Wim Van Mierlo, United Kingdom Gabriele Wix, Germany General Editor Wout Dillen Associate Editor Elli Bleeker Guest Editor Laura Esteban-Segura Review Editor Stefano Rosignoli The Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship General Editor Wout Dillen Associate Editor Elli Bleeker Guest Editor Laura Esteban-Segura Review Editor Stefano Rosignoli Variants. The Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship. Volume 15–16: Textual Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century. ISSN: 1879-6095 ISSN-L: 1573-3084 cb 2021 This volume, including all its contents, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, and made available in Open Access at https://journals.openedition.org/variants/. The authors of the volume’s individual contributions, who are identified as such, retain the copyright over their original work. For more information on the CC BY 4.0 license, please refer to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en. This volume was typeset in LATEX by Wout Dillen using varianTEX — a reusable template for journals in the Humanities, also developed by Wout Dillen. varianTEX is open source, available on GitHub, and deposited in the Zenodo Open Science Repository. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3484652. Contents Editors’ Preface iii I. Essays 1 1. Lamyk Bekius: The Reconstruction of the Author’s Movement Through the Text, or How to Encode Keystroke Logged Writing Pro- cesses in TEI-XML 3 2. Dirk Van Hulle: Creative Concurrence. Gearing Genetic Criticism for the Sociology of Writing 45 3. Ronald Broude: Creators’ Intentions and the Realities of Performance: Some Exemplary Editorial Problems from the Savoy Operas 63 4. Paulius V. Subačius: On the Threshold of Editorship. Or From Collec- tion to Oeuvre 81 5. Dariusz Pachoki: Does the Editor Know Better? The Editorial Vicissi- tudes of the 20th Century Polish writers 105 6. Anthony Lappin: From Christ the Saviour to God the Father: Adjustments to Forgiveness in Donne’s Short Poem, “Wilt thou forgive...” 123 7. Mark Bland: Some Answer Poems and their Manuscript History: Jon- son, Herrick, and the Circulation of Verse 155 8. Anne Baillot and Anna Busch: Editing for Man and Machine. Digital Scholarly Editions and their Users 175 II. Work in Progress 189 9. Hugo Maat: Restricted Translation of Historical Dutch Text 191 10. Michelle Doran: Reflections on Digital Scholarly Editions: From Hu- manities Computing to Digital Humanities, the Influence of Web 2.0, and the Impact of the Editorial Process 213 i Contents 11. Dirk Van Hulle: Dynamic Facsimiles: Note on the Transcription of Born-Digital Works for Genetic Criticism 231 III.Review Essays 243 12. Stefano Rosignoli: Tracing “Auto(bio)graphy” in “Three Novels” by Samuel Beckett: A Review Essay 245 IV. Reviews 255 13. Christian Baier: Thomas Mann, Joseph und seine Brüder. Text und Kom- mentar 257 14. Manuela Bertone: Carlo Emilio Gadda, Quer pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana 261 15. Jonas Rosenbrück: Walter Benjamin, Berliner Chronik / Berliner Kindheit um neunzehnhundert 265 16. Barbara Cooke: Peter Shillingsburg, Textuality and Knowledge: Essays 269 17. Hans Walter Gabler: Paul Eggert, The Work and the Reader in Literary Studies: Scholarly Editing and Book History 273 Contributors 278 Peer Reviewers 284 ii Editors’ Preface The editorial team of Variants: The Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship, is proud to finally present you with its double Issue (15–16) titled “Textual Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century”. The title of this Issue was taken from the sixteenth annual ESTS conference of the same name, which took place in Málaga, Spain on 28–29 November 2019 where it was hosted by the Department of English, French and German Philology at the University of Málaga. In good ESTS tradition, the Málaga conference brought together specialists in the theory and practice of textual scholarship from a wide range of countries, including Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland. Its 43 papers were organized into 12 sessions, which were arranged according to topics related to the theme of the conference such as: methods and tools in textual scholarship; types of editing; scholarly editions; texts worth editing; digital editing; the editing of historical texts; textual scholarship in the digital humanities; textual scholarship and translation studies; and directions and challenges in editing. In addition to the papers presented by members of the ESTS, the conference included two plenary lectures: one by Professor Isabel de la Cruz Cabanillas (University of Alcalá) and another by Professor Jukka Tyrkkö (Linnaeus University and University of Turku). While de la Cruz Cabanillas delved into the topic of the editor’s role by focusing on editorial interventions (and their implications) in Middle English texts, Tyrkkö was concerned with annotation practices of visual and paratextual features from both manuscripts and early printed publications, approaching the topic from the perspectives of both textual scholarship and corpus linguistics. A lot has happened since those stimulating days in the temperate southern Spanish winter. Only a few short weeks later, a group of Chinese scientists would identify a new strain of the coronavirus that would rapidly hold the iii iv Variants 15–16 (2021) world in its grasp — and is still wreaking havoc even now, eighteen months later, as nations around the globe are rushing to vaccinate their citizens. It has been an especially trying time for all of us, as we become restricted in our movement and personal interactions, as we try to strike a healthy work-life balance, and as we combat illness and hope for the health and safety of those close to us. In academia, as indeed in all other professional fields, these events have invariably caused a plethora of delays as people struggle to adapt and re-adapt their daily routines to a “new normal” that itself continuously keeps evolving until this day. Priorities have to change when the infrastructures we have come to rely on suddenly fail us, and we personally have to take care of our elderly, our sickly family members, or our children. That is, of course, when we are lucky enough not to get sick ourselves, or have to mourn our loved ones. At the same time, infrastructures that we require for professional rather than personal reasons have in many cases become periodically inaccessible to us as well. Indeed, as the world struggles to manage a global pandemic, it has become even more clear just how much our society relies on the affordances of (digital) technologies for the organisation of our personal and professional lives. Now more than ever, access to and proficiency with digital resources determine the extent to which individuals are able (or even allowed) to interact with each other, and to contribute to society. If the COVID-19 pandemic has taught our academic community anything, it is the inescapable fact that the resilience of our research relies upon the development, sustainability, interoperability, and conscientious criticism of our digital tools, technologies, and methodologies. These and other exceptional circumstances have also caused the publication of this Issue to be delayed in all facets of our publication pipeline: from submissions to reviewing, from revisions to proofreading, and eventually to publication itself. As the editorial board of Variants 15–16, we apologize for these delays, which caused us to publish this Issue almost exactly a year later than originally planned. We thank our readers for their patience, but also all our contributors and other collaborators for their continued efforts and support in this difficult time. The result of these efforts is a sizable and strong double issue that we believe will be the start of much further debate, inside and outside the Variants publica- tion venue. The Issue combines eight full-length essays, three shorter work-in- progress pieces, one review essay, and five traditional literature reviews. Besides an obvious joint interest in and relevance to the field of textual scholarship, these contributions share a number of common threads. The Issue opens with a promising look at what textual scholarship in the twenty-first century may yet hold in store for us, as early career researcher Lamyk Bekius explores the possibilities of critically analysing born digital writ- ing processes in her essay titled “The Reconstruction of the Author’s Movement Through the Text”. There, she takes a closer look at the intricately detailed out- put of a keystroke logger called InputLog that was used by Flemish author Gie Bogaert when he wrote his novel Roosevelt (2016). InputLog tracks an author’s movements through the text in the smallest level of detail, resulting in informa- Editors’ Preface v tion that allows Bekius to map what she calls the “nanogenesis” of a literary work.