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The first report on epicardial cavernous in farmed sturgeon, Acipenser baerii, a microscopic survey

Item Type article

Authors Rezaie, A.; Alishahi, M.; Tulaby Dezfuly, Z.

Download date 26/09/2021 11:04:45

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40340 Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 17(4) 835-839 2018 DOI: 10.22092/IJFS.2018.115482

The first report on epicardial in farmed sturgeon, Acipenser baerii, a microscopic survey

Rezaie A.1*; Alishahi M.1; Tulaby Dezfuly Z.1

Received: November 2016 Accepted: July 2017

1-Faculty of veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author's Email: [email protected]

Kewwords: Cavernous hemangioma, Epicardium, Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii

Introduction haemangioendotheliomas and Haemangioma is a benign tumor of haemangio-endotheliosarcomas vascular endothelial cells or their affecting integument and visceral progenitors. This tumor is common in organs have been recorded in fish from and rare in cats, horses and other the USA by Harshbarger (1969). domestic animals Certain neoplasms affecting fishes (Goldschmidt and Hendrick, 2002). In have been related with oncogenic dogs, are typically benign viruses, parasites, and environmental and solitary that are often formed in the contaminants, while relationship

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 12:07 +0330 on Saturday October 6th 2018 dermis of the , while between environmental contaminants hemangiosarcomas are regularly present and fish neoplasms can be used as as disseminated tumors that involve the sentinels for environmental , , , , soft tissues of degradation. In addition, because fish the trunk and extremities (Brown, are often an important source of protein, 1985). especially in developing countries, an Hemangioma may be histologically investigation of piscine neoplasms may classified as capillary, cavernous, have implication for human consumers infiltrative hemangioma, arteriovenous (Vergneau-Grosset et al., 2017). hemangioma, granulation tissue type There are few reports about hemangioma, spindle cell hemangioma, hemangioma specially cardiac solar induced dermal hemangioma, hemangioma in aquatic animals. The and last report of hemangioma is related to (Gross et al., 2007). Rare occurrences Hyatt et al. (2013) that showed of capillary, cavernous haemangiomas, retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma in a 836 Rezaie et al., The first report on epicardial cavernous hemangioma in…

common carp. In another case study, of different sizes (2-5 mm). They were Sahoo et al. (2012) indicated cavernous raised from the surface and scattered on hemangioma in the skin of cultured the ventricular and the olive barb, Puntius sarana (Hamilton). epicardium (Fig. 1). The heart were In an experimental study Couch (1995) removed and fixed in 10% neutral found an unusually high, unprecedented buffered formalin. Other organs had prevalence of cardiac normal structures. The sections of heart hemangioendotheliomata, including were processed by routine methods, hemangiomas, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and and hemangioendotheliosarcomas in a stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin laboratory cohort of the small, teleost (H&E) (Luna, 1968). fish Rivulus marmoratus that was fed a lyophilized chicken liver diet for up to 9 Results and discussion months. According to available Microscopic examination of transverse literature, this is the first report of sections of ventricles and atrium epicardial cavernous hemangioma in revealed multiple big cysts adhered to fish and so in pond-cultured Acipenser epicardium (Figs. 2 and 3). They were baerii. of different sizes and shapes (Fig. 4) and were filled with erythrocytes and Materials and methods white blood cells (Fig. 5). They were In spring of 2016, an A. baerii, (+3 covered with proliferated pleomorphic years, 2.2 kg weight) was reffered to endothelial cells, which were cuboidal department of Aquatic Animal health, to squamous, and supported by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid pericytes (Fig. 6). Intercavernous septa Chamran university of Ahvaz with contained stroma and a number of

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 12:07 +0330 on Saturday October 6th 2018 oxygenated plastic bag. The clinical fibroblasts and inflammatory cells (Fig. signs were skeletal malformation, 5). There were no signs of invasion to severe emaciation, exophthalmoses and the myocardium and the myocytes of skin ulcers. Wet mounts of gill and skin ventricles and atrium had normal scrapings were prepared to detect any structures. No mitotic figures were parasite involvement. Moderate observed. According to microscopic infestation of the protozoan parasite, results, epicardial cavernous Trichodina, was seen in the skin and hemangioma was diagnosed. gills using a light microscope (Noga, To date, no reports of primary 2010). cardiac, endothelial cell-derived After taking samples from skin and neoplasms have been published in gills, euthanization and necropsy were fishes; although noncardiac carried out. Macroscopic examinations hemangiomas are more common and revealed ascites. Also the heart had a cutaneous hemangioma is the most cobblestone appearance which was common (Sahoo et al., 2012). O'Hagan characterized by multiple dark red cysts and Raidal (2006) reported the first Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 17(4) 2018 837

cavernous hemangioma developing in a goldfish which was retrobulbar. The mass was removed by surgery. Generally, hemangiomas are locally invasive tumors that once diagnosed, are indicated as poor prognosis for the fish (O'Hagan and Raidal, 2006). Although cardiac tumors are more common on the right side of the heart

(Yamamoto et al., 2013), in this case Figure 1: Heart of Acipenser baerii. Note the cobblestone appearance of heart. most parts of the epicardium was There are different raised cysts on complicated and there was no side ventricles and atrium wall. predilection. Also, raised and convex cysts on the surface of the heart gave a cobblestone appearance which was unique. Hemangioma has the potential to occur anywhere in the heart; depending on its location, hemangioma may result in compression of cardiac structures, congestive , cardiac rhythm disturbances or pericardial tamponade (Sata et al., Figure 2: Epicardial cavernous hemangioma. Heart of Acipenser baerii. Note the 2004). However, in this report, invasion multiple raised cysts on the surface was not detected but the fish was in of ventricular (V) epicardium (arrows). They were of different poor condition due to severe effects of sizes and shapes (H&E).

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 12:07 +0330 on Saturday October 6th 2018 cavernous hemangioma on heart function. The most important clinical manifestation was ascites which is the sign of heart failure.

Figure 3: Epicardial cavernous hemangiomaeart of Acipenser baerii. Epicardial raised cysts (asterisks) on the surface of ventricle (V) and atrium (A) are obvious. They were of different sizes and shapes (H&E). 838 Rezaie et al., The first report on epicardial cavernous hemangioma in…

Also emaciation and muscular atrophy may be due to congestion and decreased food consumption. Differential diagnoses of masses in the heart myxoma, cysts, thrombi, lipoma, fibroma and malignant tumors, all have different microscopic features. Figure 4: Epicardial cavernous hemangioma. Microscopic examination revealed big Heart of Acipenser baerii The cysts (asterisks) are similar to big stones cysts filled with erythrocytes and on the surface of epicardium and leukocytes which were attached to they are filled with blood cells. Normal structure of myocardium epicardium and pericytes surrounding is obvious (H&E). them. Also infiltration of inflammatory

cells in the connective tissue of intercavernous septa were obvious and this is in accordance with other reports (O'Hagan and Raidal, 2006 and Sahoo et al., 2012). In conclusion this manuscript describes the clinical, macroscopic and

Figure 5: Epicardial cavernous hemangioma. microscopic features of epicardial Heart of Acipenser baerii. Note the cavernous hemangioma in a farmed adherence of cysts to the epicardium filled with blood cells sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. According (black asterisk) and the thickened to the mentioned characteristics and intercavernous septa (yellow literature review, this is the first report asterisk) (H&E). on primary epicardial cavernous

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 12:07 +0330 on Saturday October 6th 2018 hemangioma in A. baerii.

References Brown, N.O., Patnaik, A.K. and MacEwen, E.G., 1985. Canine hemangiosarcoma. Journal of the

Figure 6: Epicardial cavernous hemangioma. American Veterinary Medical Heart of Acipenser baerii. Note Association, 186, 56–58. the big channel which is filled with erythrocytes and white Couch, J.A., 1995. Invading and blood cells. Also it is covered with metastasizing cardiac endothelial cells (black arrows) hemangioendothelial neoplasms in a which have variable shapes, squamous to cuboidal. They are cohort of the fish Rivulus supported by pericytes (red marmoratus: Unusually high arrows). The cysts are surrounded by stroma and prevalence, histopathology, and inflammatory cells (H&E). possible etiologies. Research, 55, 2438-2447. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 17(4) 2018 839

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