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EVER Since the Publication of Mr. H. A. Pilsbry's Monograph on the Polyplacophora, the Collecting and Studying of Chitons Have Been My Special Hobby

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EVER Since the Publication of Mr. H. A. Pilsbry's Monograph on the Polyplacophora, the Collecting and Studying of Chitons Have Been My Special Hobby 183 REVISION OF TIIE XE"W ZEALAND POLYPLACOPHORA. By IIEXUT SUTER, Christchurcb, New Zealand. Read 8th January, 1897. EVER since the publication of Mr. H. A. Pilsbry's Monograph on the Polyplacophora, the collecting and studying of Chitons have been my special hobby. I have been fortunate enough to collect in different parts of New Zealand, and thus have brought together a good number of specimens. Other circumstances have also been favourable to the investigation of our Chitons. In 1894-5 Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, Curator of the Auckland Museum, commissioned me to rearrange the collections of shells, fossils, etc., in the Museum, and I had, of course, a good opportunity to collect and study the Chitons of the Auckland province. In December, 1895, I availed myself of a kind invitation from Mr. A. Hamilton, Registrar of the Otago University, Dunedin, and spent several weeks in the examination of his large conchological collection, and he kindly presented nio •with specimens, amongst which were some Chitons of special interest. Professor T. J. I'arker, Curator of the Otago Museum, was good enough to send me all the New Zealand 1'olyplacophora in the Museum for investigation; Sir James Hector, Director of the Colonial Museum, "Wellington, with great liberality lent me some of the type-specimens mentioned in Captain Hutton's paper on the New Zealand Chitonidoe (Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. iv); and last, but not least, Captain F. "W". Hutton, Curator of the Canterbury Museum, has always kindly allowed me to examine specimens in the Museum, and has greatly helped me in my studies with his largo store of knowledge and experience. I • wish here to express my gratitude to all these gentlemen for the help accorded me in this special work. I must also say that this revision of the New Zealand Chitons would almost have been an impossibility without the elaborate monograph of Mr. H. A. Pilsbry. The identification of several of our Chitons, however, was not quite satisfactory, the occurrence of certain species in ^Ncw Zealand waters was doubtful, and so on. • I hope that I have succeeded in this short paper in clearing up some of the dubious points, and in giving a reliable list. Captain Hutton's list of the New Zealand Chitonidoo, published in 1872 (Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. iv), contains twenty-one species, of which, however, one is a synonym and three are questionable for New Zealand. E. von Martens, in his " Critical List of the Mollusca of New Zealand" (187.3), enumerates seventeen species; and Captain Hutton,in the "Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca," brings the list up to twenty-eight species, six of which, however, have to be omitted as being synonyms or doubtful for our colony. The present list includes ten genera, with twenty-nine species, all of which I have seen, except Plaxiphora oltccta, P. superla, and Spongio- chiton productui. T! 184 PROCEEDINGS OF TIIE 1IALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. LEPIDOPLEURUS, Eisso, 1826. 1. LEPIDOPLF.UKUS INQUIXATUS (Reeve). Chiton inquinatus, Hecvo : Conch. Icon., t. xxiii, fig. 154 (May, 1847). Jschnochiton inquinatus (Reeve) : Pilsbry, Man. Concli., scr. I, vol. xiv, p. 90, pi. xviii, figs. 49, 50. When collecting in Auckland Harbour, I found a number of examples of this little Chiton on the under-sido of stones on a mudflat at low- water. Specimens •were also in the Museum, labelled Chiton sulcatus, (iuoy & Gaim. On examination I found it to be a Lepidopleurus, and thinking it to bo a new species, I sent in May, 1895, a number of specimens in alcohol to Mr. II. A. Pilsbry, for further investigation. In January, 189G, Pilsbry published a note (Nautilus, vol. ix, p. 108) on this species, saying that it had been identified by Mr. E. It. Sykes as Eeeve's Chiton inquinatus on comparing it with the type in the British Museum. Mr. E. It. Sykes also published a note on the species in our "Proceedings" (antea, p. 86). JTab.—Auckland Harbour (II. S.); Brighton, Otago (A. Hamilton). The species has also been found in Tasmania (Reeve's type), South Australia (Bednall), and Port Phillip, Victoria (Wilson). CALLOCHITON, Gray, 1847. KEY TO SrEciE3. A. Entire surface delicately shagreened. platessa. Ji. Central areas with elevated, separate threads, parallel to jugum. illuminaliis. C. A.row of deep longitudinal pits in front of lateral areas. empleurtts. 2. CALLOCIIIIOS PLATESSA (Gould). Chiton plalesxa, Gould: Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. ii, p. 143 j (1846); U.S. Expl. Exp., p. 320, atlas, figs. 434, 434a; Otia, p. 4. Lepidoplcura platessa, Gould: Otia (Rectifications), 1862, p. 242. C'allochiton platessa, Gould: Iladdon, "Challenger" Report, p. 15 ; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 49, pi. x, figs. 1-5; Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1894, , p. 71. Chiton crocmus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., t. xxii, fig. 146 (1847). C'allochiton crocinus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. 1, vol. xiv, p. 50, pi. x, fig. 7; vol." xv, p. 67. Chiton versicolor, A. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc, 1852, p. 92, pi. xvi, fig. 5. Leptochiton versicolor, A. Adams: Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 223. Lepidopleurus cmpleurus, Hutton: Sykes, Proc Mai. Soc. London, vol. ii, p. 86, pars. At the end of the description of his Chiton empleurus. Captain nutton says: "Founded on two specimens in the Colonial Museum, locality not stated." Sir James Hector having kindly placed most of Captain SUTER : SEW ZEALAND r/OLlTLACOrilOKA. 185 Uutton's types at my disposal, I found that on the glass tablet labelled " Chiton empleurus" there were not only two specimens, but also two species. One of them is Uutton's C. empleurus, but the larger specimen 1 found to correspond exactly with specimens of C. platessa, from Port Jackson, kindly given me bv Dr. J. Cox. There is no doubt that both specimens were obtained from the same locality, and as C. empleurus, known only from the unique type-specimen, is very likely a New Zealand species, I include G. platessa in the New Zealand fauna, although it has not been found again by recent collectors. Captain Hutton told me that Captain Fairchild dredged largely, especially in Cook Strait, and that these specimens may have been obtained by him and presented to the Colonial Museum. 3. CAIXOCHITON IIXVMINATUS (Reeve). Chiton illumitiatiis. Reeve: Conch. Icon., t. xxii, fig. 147 (1847). Chiton {Callochiton) iUuminatus, Reeve: E. A. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 35. Zcpidopleurus iUuminatus, Reeve: Rochebrune, Miss. Scient. Cape Horn, p. 141. Callochiton iUuminatus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 51, pi. ix, figs. 92-4. A small specimen is in the Canterbury Museum, and was kindly submitted to me for examination by Captain Hutton. Since there is only one specimen I was not allowed to separate the valves; but, so far as examination was possible, I found it to agree perfectly with the description and figures of Callochiton iUuminatus in Pilsbry's Man. Conch. The colour is not red, but greenish-grey; however, the same variability in colour is met with in Chiton canalieulatus and others. Central areas with eight separate threads on each side; end valves and lateral areas minutely granulose; median valves with one slit. Girdle-scales those characteristic of the genus, rather large. Interior greyish-white; sinus shallow. Length about 10, breadth 7mm.; divergence 120°. ITal— Dredged off Kupiti Island, Cook Strait. This is a most interesting addition to the fauna of New Zealand. 4. CALLOCHITOX EMPLEURUS (Hutton). Chiton empleurtis, Hutton: Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. iv, p. 178 (1872). Lepidopleurws empleurus, Hutton: Man. New Zealand Moll., 1880, p. 113. Callochiton crocinus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xv, p. C7. The elongated form and the deep longitudinal pits along the anterior edge of the lateral areas, distinguish this species at once from C. platessa, with which it has been supposed to be identical. In Hutton's diagnosis the word " sometimes," that precedes " with a row of deep pits, etc.," must be struck out. There are 9-10 pits on 18G PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3IALACOL0GICAL EOCIETr. each side. C. empleurits seems somewhat to approach Ischnochiton (or CallochitonT) puniceus, Couth., which latter, however, I have not seen. I have nothing to add to Ilutton's description, because the type-specimen could not bo taken to pieces, and the classification of the species rests only on the character of the girdle-scales, which arc very similar to those of C. platessa. Ilab. — Unknown; but, as already mentioned, most likely Cook Strait. • • ISCHNOCHITON, Gray, 1847. KEY TO SrEciES. ' . ... Scales of girdle faintly striated, mingled with non-striated scales, hngicymha. All scales of girdle deeply grooved, 3-1 grooves on a scale. ' l'arkcri. 5.. IscnNOcniTOX LONGicrjiBi (Quoy & Gaimai'd). ? Chiton longicymba, Blainvillo: Diet. Soi. Nat., vol. xxxvi, p. 542. Chiton longicymla, Quoy & Gaim.': Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. vol. iii (1835), p. 390, t. lxxv, figs. 1-18; Eeevc, Conch. Icon., t. xix, fig. 125; t. xxiv, fig. 163<Z. Lepidopleurus longicymla, Elainville: Angas, Prbc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 222. Chiton (Lejridopleurus) longicymlus, Blainvillo: Ilutton, Trans. Now Zealand Inst., vol. iv, p. 178. Lepidopleurus longicymlus, Blainvillo: Ilutton, Man. New Zealand Moll., p. 113. Ischnochiton longicymba, Quoy & Gaim: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 87, pi. xxii, figs. 58-06. The colour of this species seems to bo even more variable than that of Ischnochiton crispus, from Tasmania and Australia. In the South the variation is less considerable, and large specimens are rare. Examples in the Otago Museum from Auckland Islands and Campbell Island are whitish, from Dunedin blackish. Ilab.—The whole of New Zealand, but more abundant in tho North. 6. Iscnxocnrrox PAEKERI, n.sp.
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