Project Proponent and Sponsor ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL
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Project Proponent and Sponsor PROJECT MODEL: BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER (BOT) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED NAIROBI EXPRESSWAY PROJECT VOLUME I Date: January, 2020 Report Prepared by; Nairobi Expressway ESIA TABLE OF CONTENTS FIRM OF EXPERTS: I SPONSOR AND PROPONENT: I TABLE OF CONTENTS II LIST OF FIGURES IX LIST OF TABLES IX LIST OF CAPTIONS XI ACRONYMS XI ABBREVIATIONS XII 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XIII 1.1 OVERVIEW XIII 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT XIII 1.3 PROPOSED EXPRESSWAY DESIGN XIV 1.4 ESIA PROCESS OR METHODOLOGY XIV 1.4.1 DOCUMENT REVIEW XIV 1.4.2 SITE VISITS XIV 1.4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY XV 1.4.4 ESIA PROJECT REPORT OBJECTIVES XV 1.4.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES XVIII 1.4.6 ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS XVIII 1.5 RECOMMENDATIONS XX 2 INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT 1 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 1 2.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1 2.3 PREVIOUS ESIA STUDIES ON THE CORRIDOR: 1 2.4 PROJECT PROPONENT 2 1.5.2 PROJECTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSULTANTS 2 2.5 REPORT STRUCTURE 3 2.6 LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT 4 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 5 3.1 PAST INITIATIVES ON THE SECTION JKIA - RIRONI 5 CBRC Centric Africa Limited. Page ii Nairobi Expressway ESIA 3.2 SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PROJECT 5 3.3 KEY DESIGN SOLUTIONS 6 3.3.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 6 3.4 ALIGNMENT SCHEME 6 3.4.1 KEY TECHNICAL DATA 9 3.4.2 ROW EARTHWORKS, DRAINAGE AND DIVERSION ACTIVITES 9 3.5 DRAINAGE DESIGN 13 3.5.1 SCHEME 1: INTRODUCE THE ROADBED WATER INTO THE DRAIN DITCHES ON BOTH SIDES OF A8 ROAD; 14 3.5.2 SCHEME 2: BUILD NEW OUTSIDE DRAIN DITCHES (CANALS) ON BOTH SIDES OF A8, AND FINALLY DIVERT INTO NATURAL RIVERS 14 3.5.3 SCHEME 3: ALL WATER OUTLETS ARE CONNECTED VIA CONCEALED WATER PIPES AND FINALLY LEAD TO NAIROBI RIVER. 14 3.6 DIVERSION ACTIVITIES 15 3.6.1 GUIDING IDEOLOGY AND BASIC PRINCIPLE OF TRAFFIC ORGANIZATION 15 3.6.2 DIVERSION SCHEME 16 3.6.3 ROAD SURFACING 17 3.6.4 JUNCTIONS AND CROSSINGS 18 3.6.5 BRIDGES AND CULVERTS 18 3.6.6 ROAD FACILITIES 26 3.7 CONSTRUCTION STAGE 28 3.7.1 SECTION 1 MLOLONGO TO SOUTHERN BYPASS INTERCHANGE 28 3.7.2 WATER ABSTRACTION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 29 3.7.3 SECTION 1 MLOLONGO TO SOUTHERN BYPASS INTERCHANGE 29 3.7.4 SECTION 2 SOUTHERN BYPASS TO JAMES GICHURU 29 3.7.5 DEMAND FOR CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL 29 3.7.6 DEMAND FOR MATERIALS 30 3.7.7 TEMPORARY FACILITIES 30 3.7.8 STEEL STRUCTURE, MATERIAL AND MACHINE STORAGE YARD 31 3.7.9 CONCRETE MIXING STATION 32 3.7.10 ASPHALT PLANT AND CEMENT STABILIZED MIXING PLANT 32 3.7.11 BEAM FIELD 32 3.7.12 DELIVERY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 33 3.7.13 WASTE MANAGEMENT 33 3.8 MEASURES ENVISAGED IN THE DESIGN TO PREVENT AND/OR MINIMISE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 34 3.8.1 NOISE CONTROL MEASURES 34 3.8.2 TRAFFIC NOISE PREVENT MEASURES 35 3.9 MEASURES PROPOSED IN THE DESIGN TO PREVENT AND/OR MINIMISE POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS 35 3.9.1 DESIGN MEASURES TO PREVENT AND/OR MINIMISE POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE 35 3.9.2 DESIGN MEASURES TO PREVENT AND/OR MINIMISE POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATION STAGE 36 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 37 4.1 INTRODUCTION 37 4.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 37 CBRC Centric Africa Limited. Page iii Nairobi Expressway ESIA 4.3 NATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 38 4.3.1 LAW AND POLICY RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION 38 4.3.2 LAW AND POLICY RELATED TO SOCIAL CONSIDERATION 40 4.3.3 THE EMCA (WATER QUALITY) REGULATIONS, 2006 59 4.3.4 THE EMCA (NOISE AND EXCESSIVE VIBRATION POLLUTION CONTROL) REGULATIONS, 2009 60 4.3.5 THE EMCA (AIR QUALITY), REGULATIONS, 2014 61 4.3.6 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, PROTOCOLS AND AGREEMENTS 62 4.1 PERMITTING STATUS 63 4.1.1 PREVIOUS ESIA FOR THE THE CORRIDOR: 63 5 REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVES 67 5.1 GENERAL 67 5.2 NO- GO ALTERNATIVE 67 5.3 PROJECT AS DESIGNED 67 5.3.1 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE 68 5.3.2 MITIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE 69 6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 70 6.1 INTRODUCTION 70 6.2 KENYAS REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION 70 6.3 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS 71 6.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT HISTORY 71 6.5 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DURING THE CURRENT ESIA PREPARATION FOR THE PROPOSED NAIROBI EXPRESSWAY 71 6.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 78 6.7 HIGH LEVEL STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 94 6.8 ENGAGEMENT WITH PROFESSIONAL BODIES 101 6.8.1 ARCHITECTS ASSOCIATION KENYA (AAK) 101 6.8.2 MEETING WITH EIK 104 6.8.3 NAIROBI UNIVERSITY/ UHURU PARK DISCUSSIONS 109 6.9 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 113 6.10 QUESTIONNAIRE 117 6.11 LIMITATIONS TO STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 117 7 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 118 7.1 INTRODUCTION 118 7.2 LAND COVER AND LAND USE CLASSIFICATION 118 7.3 GEOGRAPHY 119 7.4 TOPOGRAPHY 119 7.5 CLIMATE 120 7.5.1 CLIMATE OVERVIEW 120 7.5.2 WIND 121 7.6 AIR QUALITY 121 CBRC Centric Africa Limited. Page iv Nairobi Expressway ESIA 7.6.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 121 7.7 NOISE 123 7.8 SOILS 125 7.8.1 PROJECT ARES SOIL TYPE 126 7.9 WATER RESOURCES 128 7.9.1 NAIROBI AQUIFER SYSTEM (NAS) 128 7.10 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 129 7.10.1 OVERVIEW 129 7.10.2 FAUNA 129 7.10.3 FLORA 130 7.10.4 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE (IMPORT) AREAS (ESA) 137 8 SOCIAL BASELINE 138 8.1 INTRODUCTION 138 8.2 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMINOLOGIES 138 8.3 GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 138 8.4 POPULATION 139 8.5 SETTLEMENT AREAS 139 8.6 LAND TENURE 140 8.7 WATER AND SANITATION 141 8.7.1 WATER RESOURCES 141 8.7.2 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES 143 8.7.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEMS 143 8.8 EDUCATION 144 8.9 HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE RATES AND RELATED SERVICES 144 8.10 EMPLOYMENT 145 8.10.1 NAIROBI 145 8.10.2 MACHAKOS COUNTY 146 8.11 MARKETS 146 8.12 TRANSPORT 147 8.12.1 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 147 8.12.2 ROAD SAFETY ALONG THE EXISTING MOMBASA ROAD (A8) 147 8.12.3 GENDER AND TRANSPORT IN NAIROBI CITY AND ITS ENVIRONS 148 8.12.4 RAILWAY 149 8.12.5 AIRPORTS 149 8.13 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY 149 8.14 HEALTH PROFILE 151 8.15 PLACES OF WORSHIP AND HERITAGE AREAS 152 9 ESIA METHODOLOGY 153 9.1 INTRODUCTION 153 9.2 SCOPING 154 9.2.1 APPROACH 154 9.3 SCOPING SITE VISIT 155 CBRC Centric Africa Limited. Page v Nairobi Expressway ESIA 9.3.1 INTRODUCTION 155 9.3.2 SOCIAL 155 9.3.3 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 155 9.3.4 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION 155 9.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION, ALTERNATIVES AND INTERACTION WITH PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN 156 9.5 IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION METHODOLOGY 156 9.5.1 INTRODUCTION 156 9.5.2 IMPACT PREDICTION 156 9.5.3 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS 161 9.6 REPORTING 162 9.6.1 ESIA REPORTING 162 9.6.2 ESMMP 162 9.6.3 SUPPORT DURING THE ESIA APPROVAL PROCESS 162 9.6.4 INTERACTION WITH DESIGN AND PLANNING PROCESS 163 9.6.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTEGRATION 163 9.6.6 CHANGE MANAGEMENT 163 10 ANTICIPATED IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 165 10.1 INTRODUCTION 165 10.2 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION GEOLOGY AND SOIL IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATION 165 10.2.1 IMPACT ON GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES 165 10.2.2 SOIL DEGRADATION DUE TO REMOVAL OF SOIL-VEGETATION LAYER 166 10.2.3 CHANGE OF WATER REGIME OF SOILS 166 10.2.4 SOIL DEGRADATION AS RESULT OF POLLUTION 167 10.2.5 SOIL EROSION RISK 168 10.3 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 169 10.3.1 CHANGE IN LEVEL AND GROUND WATER CONDITIONS 169 10.3.2 MITIGATION MEASURES: 170 10.3.3 DETERIORATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE 170 10.3.4 DETERIORATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY DURING OPERATION STAGE 171 10.4 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION SURFACE WATER IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 172 10.4.1 CHANGE IN REGIME OF RIVERS 172 10.4.2 SURFACE WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION DURING 173 10.4.3 SURFACE WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION DURING OPERATION STAGE 175 10.5 BIODIVERSITY 175 10.5.1 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROJECT IMPACTS 179 10.5.2 BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT PLAN / MATRIX 181 10.6 AIR QUALITY 182 10.6.1 CONSTRUCTION DUST 182 10.6.2 CONSTRUCTION AIR EMISSION RISKS AND IMPACTS 182 10.6.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE AREAS FRONTING THE A8 AND EXPRESSWAY DURING THE OPERATION STAGE 184 10.7 NOISE AND VIBRATION 185 10.8 WASTE AND EFFLUENT 186 10.8.1 MITIGATION/MANAGEMENT MEASURES 186 CBRC Centric Africa Limited. Page vi Nairobi Expressway ESIA 10.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 188 10.9.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON LOCAL AND NATIONAL ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT 188 10.9.2 ENHANCEMENT/MITIGATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS RELATED TO PROJECT CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION 190 10.9.3 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 191 10.10 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY 193 10.10.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS 193 10.10.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON COMMUNITY EXPOSURE TO DISEASE AND ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 195 10.10.3 ASSESMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACT OF STREET CHILDREN USING THE VIADUCT AS HABITUAL ABODE 196 10.10.4 ASSESMENT OF IMPACT DUE TO ENCHORAOCHMENT BY ROAD SIDE TRADERS/VENDORS 197 10.11 LABOR AND WORKING CONDITIONS FOR EMPLOYEES 197 10.11.1 MITIGATION/MANAGEMENT MEASURES 198 10.12 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 200 10.13 NATIONAL HERITAGE SITES, HOUSES OF WORSHIP AND MEMORIAL CEMETERY 201 10.13.1 MITIGATION/MANAGEMENT MEASURES 201 11 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) 203 11.1 INTRODUCTION 203 11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS 203 11.3 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS 204 11.3.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT 204 11.3.2 COMMUNITY HEALTH SAFETY AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT PLAN 206 11.3.3 EMPLOYMENT AND PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT 212 11.3.4 SOCIAL COHESION AND CONNECTIVITY MANAGEMENT 217 12 HANDLING OF PROJECT GRIEVANCES AND COMPLAINTS 224 12.1 INTRODUCTION 224 12.2 GRIEVANCE REDRESS STEPS 224 12.2.1 WHERE TO REPORT COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCES 224 12.3 PROPOSED GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 225 12.4 PROCEDURE FOR GRIEVANCES 227 12.5 RECORD KEEPING 228 12.6 COMMENT RESPONSE AND, GRIEVANCE MECHANISM LOG 228 12.7 INITIAL RESPONSE TEMPLATE 228 12.8 MONITORING AND REVIEW 228 13 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 229 13.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 231 13.1.2 ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS 231 13.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 233 14 REFERENCE 234 CBRC Centric Africa Limited.