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Download Download V. Yu. Yukhnovskyi, O. V. Zibtseva Journ.Geol.Geograph.Geoecology, 27(2), 389-401 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN 2617-2909 (print) Journal of Geology, ISSN 2617-2119 (online) Geography and Geoecology Journ.Geol.Geograph. Geoecology, Journal home page: geology-dnu-dp.ua 27(2), 386-398 doi:10.15421/111863 V. Yu. Yukhnovskyi, O. V. Zibtseva Journ.Geol.Geograph.Geoecology, 27(2), 386-398 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dynamics of ecological stability of small towns in Kyiv region V. Yu. Yukhnovskyi, O. V. Zibtseva National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment and Received 17.08.2018; comparative analysis of the ecological balance of territories of the three key small Received in revised form 21.08.2018; towns in Kyiv region: Boyarka, Vyshneve and Irpin, as well as tracking the dynamics Accepted 12.09.2018 of ecological stability of the towns` territories in the system of general planning. The following indicators of anthropogenic transformation and natural protection of urban areas were calculatedaccording to known methodsbased on data available from the towns` new Master Plans: coefficients of anthro- pogenic impact, anthropogenic transformation, nature protection, and ecological stability, absolute and relative tension of the ecolog- ical and economic state. The rationality of general planning in terms of ecological balance of urban areas is estimated. The study established that the territory of the town Irpin is characterized by moderate anthropogenic impact, while Boyarka and Vyshneve demonstrated a high level of anthropogenic impact. The total area of the environmental fund on the territory of cities ranges from 13.9% (Vyshneve) to 47.5% (Irpin) of the total area of their territories, which is insufficient in all cases. Currently, the territory of Irpin is the most balanced in comparison with other towns. Implementation of the new Master Plans of the cities will improve the ecological balance of the Boyarka and Irpin areas; improvement in Boyarka will be notably extensive due to the expansion of the city boundaries by a threefold increase in the town`s area. The projected general development of Vyshneve will worsen the ecological balance of its territory, despite the foreseen expansion of its boundaries. The pressure from the ecological and economic status of the territories is not balanced by the degree of anthropogenic impact and the potential of the sustainability of nature. For the territory of towns, the potential for sustainability of nature is significantly exceeded and requires the expansion of the environment of a stabiliz- ing group of lands. The areas of towns within the existing boundaries are environmentally unstable, the tensions in the ecological and economic conditions of the territories are not balanced, which testify to their ineffective organization. A significant correlation has been found between the calculated coefficients and the area percentage of the environmental fund of urban areas. The obtained data testifies to the expediency of using the indicated eco-geographical indicators within the system of general planning in order to optim- ize prospective solutions. Keywords:urban landscape, anthropogenic impact, anthropogenic transformation of landscape, eco-geographical indices Динаміка екологічної стабільності малих міст Київщини В. Ю. Юхновський, О. В. Зібцева Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, Київ, Україна, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Анотація. Метою дослідженняєкомплексна оцінка і порівняльний аналіз екологічної збалансованості територій трьох малих міст Київської області – Боярки, Вишневого та Ірпеня з аналізом динаміки екологічної стабільності їх територій у системі генерального планування. За даними Генеральних планів міст розраховано показники антропогенного перетворення і при- родної захищеності міських територій. Встановлено, що територія м. Ірпінь характеризується помірним, а міст Боярка та Вишневе – високим антропогенним навантаженням. Загальна площа екологічного фонду на території міст коливається від 13,9 (Вишневе) до 47,5% (Ірпінь), що в усіх випадках є недостатнім. Території міст в чинних межах екологічно нестабільні, напруженість еколого-господарського стану територій не збалансована. Реалізація Генеральних планів міст покращить екологічну збалансованість територій Боярки та Ірпеня, причому Боярки – кардинально за рахунок трикратного розширення межі міста. Прогнозований генеральним плануванням розвиток м. Вишневе погіршить екозбалансованість його території не зважаючи на передбачене її розширення. Виявлено високий кореляційний зв’язок між розрахованими коефіцієнтами та відсотковою площею екологічного фонду міських територій. Отримані дані свідчать про доцільність використання зазначе- них екогеографічних показників у системі генерального планування з метою оптимізації перспективних рішень. 386 V. Yu. Yukhnovskyi, O. V. Zibtseva Journ.Geol.Geograph.Geoecology, 27(2), 386-398 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ключові слова: урболандшафт, антропогенне навантаження, антропогенна трансформація ландшафту, екогеографічні показники Introduction. One of the objectives of sustainable The current land use system should include development strategy is to ensure ecologically safe its study in certain areas, in particular environmen- land use, while in general the state of land re- tal, which involves the creation of efficient land use sources of Ukraine is assessed as being close to in the following sequence: environmentally safe critical (Khryshchuk and Bezpalko, 2013; Pryk- land use - economically feasible - socially signifi- hodko, 2010). At present, the anthropogenic and cant (Khryshchuk and Bezpalko, 2013). No matter technogenic impact on the natural environment in how the approaches to the implementation of the Ukraine is several times higher than the corres- idea of sustainable development on a global scale ponding indicators of developed countries of the are developed, the main node of problems and con- world (Khryshchuk and Bezpalko, 2013). A signifi- tradictions, the search for solutions to them lies in cant number of problems in the field of rational specific territories. land use remain unresolved, the laws of ecological- According to V. Kalmanova (2016), an eco- ly safe nature management are violated, and anth- logical approach can only be used on the basis of ropogenic impact is adversely affecting the sustain- strict environmental restrictions, which will allow able development of land use. the requirements for the preservation of the natural In general, there are no virgin ecosystems left environment to be taken into account. At the same in the world. Our planet is a mosaic of ecosystems, time, the system element can degrade or completely from relatively intact, to completely rebuilt (Adler destroyed in order to take into account the interests and Tanner, 2013). In the era of rapid urbanization, of the global optimum. Currently, in the territorial urban ecology has become the main environmental planning system, predominantly, the urban devel- area, and the most important direction of its re- opment, rather than the environmental protection search is the sustainability of towns (Wu, 2014; dominant, is preserved. Wilson, 2014). The tendency to create sustainable The environment changes under the influ- and stable towns is increasing; there is a unique ence of anthropogenic impact, which is characte- opportunity to apply the results of scientific re- rized by changes in land use. The area of suburban search in practice, to create environmentally clean zones is growing; urban infrastructure is expanding towns of the future (McDonnell and Hahs, 2013). in rural areas. Modifications to land use lead to The stability of the towns depends to a large extent significant changes within the natural environment on the stability of the Earth, although the concept of (Noszczyk et al., 2017). Regional differences in sustainability remains neglected in modern urban land use are the result of changes in anthropogenic planning (Ahern, 2011). It was precisely because of impact on nature, as well as the impact of natural the concern for the sustainability of the towns that a and social conditions of regions or settlements new paradigm emerged – the ecology for the town, (Prus et al., 2017). Changes in socioeconomic, en- which increased the scale of research of urban eco- vironmental, cultural and other conditions lead to systems, and its important direction is the use of the global changes in the environment (Louca et al., theory of spatial urban heterogeneity as a key ele- 2015, Baśski and Mazur, 2016). Agglomeration is ment of the town's functional activity (Pickett et al., characterized by an unprecedented rate of residen- 2016; Pickett et al. 2016a). In urban systems, the tial development and the transformation of trans- concept of environmental degradation has not yet port communications, which makes research into been applied, except for the false but generally green plantations in the context of a
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