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Assessment of the Proposed Extension and Upgrade of the L 1867 Road and Construction of a Causeway Structure Near Nquthu, Kwazulu-Natal

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L 1867 Road PHASE ONE HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED EXTENSION AND UPGRADE OF THE L 1867 ROAD AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CAUSEWAY STRUCTURE NEAR NQUTHU, KWAZULU-NATAL. ACTIVE HERITAGE cc. For: Hanslab (Pty) Lmt Frans Prins MA (Archaeology) P.O. Box 947 Howick 3290 [email protected] 30/06/2016 Fax: 0867636380 www.activeheritage.webs.com Active Heritage cc for Hanslab (Pty) Lmt i L 1867 Road TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PROJECT .............................................................. 2 1.1. Details of the area surveyed: ........................................................................................... 3 2 SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................................... 4 3 BACKGROUND TO HISTORY OF THE AREA ........................................................................ 5 4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SURVEY ................................................................ 7 4.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 7 4.2 Restrictions encountered during the survey ..................................................................... 8 4.2.1 Visibility ........................................................................................................................ 8 4.2.2 Disturbance .................................................................................................................. 8 Details of equipment used in the survey ...................................................................................... 9 5 Description of sites and material observed .......................................................................... 9 5.1 Locational data ................................................................................................................ 9 5.2 Description of the general area surveyed ......................................................................... 9 6 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (HERITAGE VALUE) ....................................................... 10 6.1 Field Rating.................................................................................................................... 10 7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................... 12 8 MAPS and photographs ........................................................................................................ 13 9 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 14 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Background information ................................................................................. 2 Table 2. Field rating and recommended grading of sites (SAHRA 2005) .................... 10 Table 3. Evaluation and statement of significance………………………………………..10 Active Heritage cc for Hanslab (Pty) Lmt ii L 1867 Road LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS EIA Early Iron Age ESA Early Stone Age HISTORIC PERIOD Since the arrival of the white settlers - c. AD 1820 in this part of the country IRON AGE Early Iron Age AD 200 - AD 1000 Late Iron Age AD 1000 - AD 1830 IIA Intermediate Iron Age ISA Intermediate Stone Age LIA Late Iron Age LSA Late Stone Age MSA Middle Stone Age NEMA National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998 and associated regulations (2006). NHRA National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) and associated regulations (2000) SAHRA South African Heritage Resources Agency STONE AGE Early Stone Age 2 000 000 - 250 000 BP Middle Stone Age 250 000 - 25 000 BP Late Stone Age 30 000 - until c. AD 200 Active Heritage cc for Hanslab (Pty) Lmt iii L 1867 Road A First Phase Heritage Impact Assessment and survey of the proposed extension and upgrade of L 1867 Road and construction of a causeway structure near Nquthu, KwaZulu-Natal identified no archaeological and historical sites on the footprint. No graves occurred within 30m from the proposed road. The area is also not part of any known cultural landscape. There is no reason from a heritage point of view why the proposed development may not proceed as planned. Attention is drawn to the South African Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) and the KwaZulu-Natal Heritage Act (Act no 4 of 2008) which, requires that operations that expose archaeological or historical remains should cease immediately, pending evaluation by the provincial heritage agency. Active Heritage cc for Hanslab (Pty) Lmt 1 L 1867 Road 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PROJECT Table 1. Background information Consultant: Hanslab (Pty) Lmt sub-consulted Active Heritage cc to conduct the heritage impact assessment. Type of development: The KZN Department of Transport proposes to extend and upgrade the existing L1867 road from a mud track to a type 7A Local Gravel Road. The road will be approximately 13.620 km in length and 6 m in width with a road reserve of 20 m which confirms to the Department of Transport standards. The existing mud track is approx. 9 km, and will extended by a further 4.620 km to form a link road with D1319. The road transverses a watercourse therefore the Department of Transport proposes to construct a standard causeway structure to allow the continuance of the natural flow of the water. The watercourse area becomes flooded during high rainfall seasons leaving community members stranded. The proposed upgrade will also benefit school children going to Bhekisizwe High School and Amacityana Combined. There is concern regarding the lack of economic investment and the associated infrastructure in the area. The upgrading of the existing mud track will improve access for the local community to basic amenities. Rezoning or subdivision: Not applicable Terms of reference To carry out a Heritage Impact Assessment. Legislative requirements: The Heritage Impact Assessment was carried out in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA) and following the requirements of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) (NHRA) and the KwaZulu-Natal Heritage Act, 1997 (Act No. 4 of 2008). Active Heritage cc for Hanslab (Pty) Lmt 2 L 1867 Road 1.1. Details of the area surveyed: The study area is located near the town of Nqutu in the Nqutu Local Municipality and the uMzinyathi District Municipality (Fig 1). The KZN Department of Transport proposes to extend and upgrade the existing L1867 road from a mud track to a type 7A Local Gravel Road (Figs 2 & 3). The road will be approximately 13.620 km in length and 6 m in width with a road reserve of 20 m which confirms to the Department of Transport standards. The road transverses a watercourse therefore the Department of Transport proposes to construct a standard causeway structure to allow the continuance of the natural flow of the water. The GPS coordinates for the proposed road upgrade is given as: Start: S 28° 16’ 10” E 30° 55’ 48” Middle: S 28° 15’ 47.86” E 30° 58’ 47.96” End: S 28° 13’ 36.10” E 30° 59’ 57.14” Based on DOT standard details for a causeway the approximately width is 8.45m and length is 7.4m which varies according to the stream width. A standard causeway will be constructed with a length of 30m and width of 8m which will be supported on pad foundation founded on bedrock. The GPS coordinates for the proposed causeway construction are: S 28° 15’ 14.31” E 30° 59’ 08.73” The general area can be described as rural. Zulu homesteads occur adjacent to the proposed road upgrade, and there is ample evidence for small scale subsistence activities along the proposed route trajectory. 1.2. Relevant Legislation: According to the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (NHRA) (Act No. 25 of 1999), the heritage resources of South Africa include: a. places, buildings, structures and equipment of cultural significance; b. places to which oral traditions are attached or which are associated with living heritage; c. historical settlements and townscapes; d. landscapes and natural features of cultural significance; e. geological sites of scientific or cultural importance; f. archaeological and palaeontological sites; Active Heritage cc for Hanslab (Pty) Lmt 3 L 1867 Road g. graves and burial grounds, including- i. ancestral graves; ii. royal graves and graves of traditional leaders; iii. graves of victims of conflict; iv. graves of individuals designated by the Minister by notice in the Gazette; v. historical graves and cemeteries; and vi. other human remains which are not covered in terms of the Human Tissue Act, 1983 (Act No. 65 of 1983); h. sites of significance relating to the history of slavery in South Africa; i. movable objects, including- i. objects recovered from the soil or waters of South Africa, including archaeological and palaeontological objects and material, meteorites and rare geological specimens; ii. objects to which oral traditions are attached or which are associated with living heritage; iii. ethnographic art and objects; iv. military objects; v. objects of decorative or fine art; vi. objects of scientific or technological interest; and vii. books, records, documents, photographic positives and negatives, graphic, film or video material or sound recordings, excluding those that are public records as defined in section 1(xiv) of the National Archives of South Africa Act, 1996 (Act No. 43 of 1996). 2 SCOPE OF WORK This study aims to identify and assess the significance of any heritage and archaeological resources
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