DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Parties, Scouting Org., Conspiracy, Uprising 1944

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Parties, Scouting Org., Conspiracy, Uprising 1944 POLITICAL PARTIES, SCOUTING ORG., CONSPIRACY, UPRISING 1944 „Sanacja”/ “Sanation” ZHP ZWZ / AK „Szare Szeregi” „Zośka”, „Parasol” (1926–1939) (1918) (1939/1942) „Gray Ranks” (battalions) Aim – „moral healing” Stronnictwo Narodowe NOW–AK (1941), „Hufce Polskie” „Gustaw”, „Wigry” National Party (1928–1947); OWZJ (1939–1942) NSZ (1942–1947) Aim - building a Catholic NSZ (1942/3) (1944) NSZ-AK + NSZ-ZJ NZW (1944-1956) State of the Polish Nation (“Harcerstwo Polskie” “Hufce Polskie” - 27.X.1939) ============================= CONTENT Sanacja / Sanation Polish Scouting and Guiding Association / Zwiazek Harcerstwa Polskiego – (ZHP) Armed Resistance / Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej (ZWZ) HOME ARMY /“Armia “Krajowa” – (AK) Polish Scouting and Guiding Association / Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego (ZHP) Gray Ranks / “Szare Szeregi” “Zośka” Battallion “Parasol” Battallion National Party / Stronnictwo Narodowe (SN) Military Organization Lizard Union / Związek Jaszczurczy (OW-ZJ) National Armed Forces / Narodowe Sily Zbrojne (NSZ) Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa - National Military Organization (NOW) Polish Scout Troops / Polskie Harcerstwo Narodowe „Hufce Polskie” NSZ – AK “Gustaw” Battalion, “Wigry” Battalion NSZ-AK + NSZ-ZJ = National Military Union (NZW) ------------------------------------------- After 1945, Cursed soldiers / Żołnierze wyklęci – hunted by the communists https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursed_soldiers - The best-known Polish anti-communist resistance organisations operating in Stalinist Poland included Freedom and Independence (Wolność i Niezawisłość, WIN), National Armed Forces (Narodowe Siły Zbrojne, NSZ), National Military Union (Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe, NZW), Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie (Underground Polish Army, KWP), Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej (Home Army Resistance, ROAK), Armia Krajowa Obywatelska (Citizens' Home Army, AKO), NIE (NO, short for Niepodległość), Armed Forces Delegation for Poland (Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj), and Wolność i Sprawiedliwość (Freedom and Justice, WiS).[8] 1947 Polish legislative election - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_Polish_legislative_election - The results were blatantly falsified; --------------------------------------------------- Sanation - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanation Sanation (Polish: Sanacja, pronounced [saˈnat͡ sja]) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 Coup d'État , and came to power in the wake of that coup. In 1928 its political activists would go on to form the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR). The Sanation movement took its name from Piłsudski's aspirations for a moral "sanation" (healing) of the Polish body politic.[1] The movement functioned integrally until his death in 1935. Following Piłsudski's death, Sanation split into several competing factions, including "the Castle" (President Ignacy Mościcki and his partisans).[2] Sanation, which advocated authoritarian rule, rested on a circle of Piłsudski's close associates, including Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Kazimierz Świtalski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Józef Beck, Tadeusz Hołówko, Bogusław Miedziński and Edward Rydz-Śmigły.[2] It preached the primacy of the national interest in governance, and contended against the system of parliamentary democracy.[2] Named after the Latin word for "healing" ("sanatio"),[3] the Sanation movement mainly comprised former military officers who were disgusted with the perceived corruption in Polish politics. Sanation was a coalition of rightists, leftists and centrists whose main focus was the elimination of corruption and the reduction of inflation. Sanation appeared prior to the May 1926 Coup d'État and lasted until World War II but was never formalized. Piłsudski, though he had been the former leader of the Polish Socialist Party, had grown to disapprove of political parties, which he saw as promoting their own interests rather than supporting the state and the people. (…) HOME ARMY (“Armia “Krajowa” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Army The Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; Polish pronunciation: [ˈarmʲa kraˈjɔva]) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Armed Resistance (Związek Walki Zbrojnej) established in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939. Over the next two years, the Home Army absorbed most of the other Polish underground forces. Its allegiance was to the Polish government-in-exile in London, and it constituted the armed wing of what came to be known as the Polish Underground State. The Home Army sabotaged German transports bound for the Eastern Front in the Soviet Union, destroying German supplies and tying down substantial German forces. It also fought pitched battles against the Germans, particularly in 1943 and in Operation Tempest from January 1944. The Home Army's most widely known operation was the Warsaw Uprising of August–October 1944. The Home Army also defended Polish civilians against atrocities by Germany's Ukrainian and Lithuanian Estimates of the Home Army's 1944 strength range between 200,000 and 600,000. The latter number made the Home Army not only Poland's largest underground resistance movement but, along with Soviet partisans, one of Europe's two largest World War II underground movements.[a] As Polish–Soviet relations deteriorated, conflict grew between the Home Army and Soviet forces. The Home Army's allegiance to the Polish government-in-exile caused the Soviet government to consider the Home Army to be an impediment to the introduction of a communism-friendly government in Poland, which hindered cooperation and in some cases led to outright conflict. On 19 January 1945, after the Red Army had cleared most Polish territory of German forces, the Home Army was disbanded. After the war, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, communist government propaganda portrayed the Home Army as an oppressive and reactionary force. Thousands of ex-Home Army personnel were deported to gulags and Soviet prisons, while other ex-members, including a number of senior commanders, were executed. After the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, the reputation of the Home Army among the populace was restored.[1][2] Women - Home Army ranks included a number of female operatives.[19] Most women worked in the communications branch, where many held leadership roles or served as couriers.[20] Approximately a seventh to a tenth of the Home Army insurgents were female.[21][20][22] (…) Many women participated in the Warsaw Uprising, particularly as medics or scouts;[27][28][21] they were estimated to form about 75% of the insurgent medical personnel.[22] By the end of the uprising, there were about 5,000 female casualties among the insurgents, with over 2,000 female soldiers taken captive; the latter number reported in contemporary press caused a "European sensation".[20] Polish Scouting and Guiding Association - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Scouting_and_Guiding_Association The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Polish: Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP) is the coeducational Polish Scouting organization recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. It was founded in 1918 and currently is the largest Scouting organization in Poland (138,112 members in 2012).[1][2] The first ZHP was founded in 1916, the current one is the fourth organization with this name. It is a public benefit organization as defined by Polish law. Soon after the merger in 1918, the ZHP members fought in all the conflicts Poland was engaged in around this time: Great Poland Uprising, Polish- Bolshevik War, Silesian Uprisings, and Polish-Ukrainian War, much like their predecessors during the Siege of Mafeking. All of the units joined together in 1918 and formed the ZHP, one of the founding members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Although many units retained their own traditions, a common law, common symbols, and a common oath were introduced. The primary difference between most Scouting organizations and the Polish Harcerstwo was described by Andrzej Małkowski: Harcerstwo is Scouting plus independence. Before 1939 the ZHP was one of the largest social and educational associations in Poland with over 200,000 members. Among the "sponsors" of Polish Harcerstwo were all the presidents of Poland and several high-ranking officers, including general Józef Haller. (…) Gray Ranks - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Ranks "Gray Ranks" (Polish: Szare Szeregi) was a codename for the underground paramilitary Polish Scouting Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) during World War II. The wartime organisation was created on 27 September 1939, actively resisted and fought German occupation in Warsaw until 18 January 1945, and contributed to the resistance operations of the Polish Underground State. Some of its members (Grupy Szturmowe – Assault Groups) were among the Home Army's best-trained troops. Though formally independent, the Gray Ranks worked closely with the Government Delegation for Poland and Home Army Headquarters. The Gray Ranks had their own headquarters [pl] known under the cryptonym Pasieka ("bee yard") staffed by the Chief Scout of Gray Ranks plus three to five deputies in the rank of Harcmistrz (Scoutmaster). (…) The codename Szare Szeregi was adopted in 1940. It was first used by underground scouting in Poznań. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political Visions and Historical Scores
    Founded in 1944, the Institute for Western Affairs is an interdis- Political visions ciplinary research centre carrying out research in history, political and historical scores science, sociology, and economics. The Institute’s projects are typi- cally related to German studies and international relations, focusing Political transformations on Polish-German and European issues and transatlantic relations. in the European Union by 2025 The Institute’s history and achievements make it one of the most German response to reform important Polish research institution well-known internationally. in the euro area Since the 1990s, the watchwords of research have been Poland– Ger- many – Europe and the main themes are: Crisis or a search for a new formula • political, social, economic and cultural changes in Germany; for the Humboldtian university • international role of the Federal Republic of Germany; The end of the Great War and Stanisław • past, present, and future of Polish-German relations; Hubert’s concept of postliminum • EU international relations (including transatlantic cooperation); American press reports on anti-Jewish • security policy; incidents in reborn Poland • borderlands: social, political and economic issues. The Institute’s research is both interdisciplinary and multidimension- Anthony J. Drexel Biddle on Poland’s al. Its multidimensionality can be seen in published papers and books situation in 1937-1939 on history, analyses of contemporary events, comparative studies, Memoirs Nasza Podróż (Our Journey) and the use of theoretical models to verify research results. by Ewelina Zaleska On the dispute over the status The Institute houses and participates in international research of the camp in occupied Konstantynów projects, symposia and conferences exploring key European questions and cooperates with many universities and academic research centres.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenario of the Exhibition: Tomasz Łabuszewski, Phd, in Cooperation with Anna Maria Adamus, Phd, Ewa Dyngosz, Edyta Gula and Michał Zarychta
    STOLEN CHILDHOOD Scenario of the exhibition: Tomasz Łabuszewski, PhD, in cooperation with Anna Maria Adamus, PhD, Ewa Dyngosz, Edyta Gula and Michał Zarychta Graphic design: Katarzyna Dinwebel Reviewers: Bartosz Kuświk, PhD Waldemar Brenda, PhD Producer: Pracownia Plastyczna Andrzej Dąbrowski Photographs from the following archives: AKG images, Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance, Municipal Archive in Dzerzhinsk, State Archive in Warsaw, Archive of Polish Armenians, BE&W Foto, National Library, Bundesarchiv, Centre for Documentation of Deportations, Exile and Resettlements in Cracow, Foundation for Polish-German Reconciliation, Getty Images, Museum of the Second World War, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Polish Army Museum in Kołobrzeg, Warsaw Rising Museum, Regional Museum in Jarocin, Museum of the Castle of Górka Family in Szamotuły, National Digital Archive, Ośrodek Karta, Polish Photographers’ Agency Forum, Polish Press Agency, Underground Poland Studio, Documentary and Feature Film Studio, Association of Crimean Karaites in Poland. With special thanks to: Bogdan Bednarczyk, Janusz Bogdanowicz, Alina Głowacka-Szłapowa, Tomasz Karasiński, Kazimierz Krajewski, PhD, Ewa Siemaszko and Leszek Żebrowski, as well as the Institute of National Remembrance branch offices in Łódź and Poznań. Photograph on the front panel: Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance Despite their efforts, the authors of the exhibition did not manage to reach all authors of photographs used in the exhibition or holders of proprietary
    [Show full text]
  • 75Th Anniversary of the “Freedom and Independence” Association, with a Face Value of 10 Złoty
    On 27 August 2020, Narodowy Bank Polski is putting into circulation a silver coin of the series “The Enduring Soldiers Accursed by the Communists” – 75th Anniversary of the “Freedom and Independence” Association, with a face value of 10 złoty. 75th Anniversary of the “Freedom and Independence” Association The reverse of the coin carries the images of the WiN cross and white-and-red flag with the symbol of Fighting Poland, and the inscription: 2 IX 1945. The “Freedom and Independence” Association (full Initially, WiN’s goal was to prevent the electoral name: the Resistance Movement without War and victory of communists in Poland by political means, Sabotage “Freedom and Independence”), better known keeping the free world informed of their crimes, lies, for its Polish acronym WiN, was a successor of the Polish frauds and deception; however, the mounting Soviet terror Home Army in its ideas and activity. WiN was mostly forced the organisation to continue its armed struggle made up of Home Army soldiers and it also took over as well. Guerrilla units defended civilians against the From spring 1948, the its organisational structures. As opposed to the Home occupier, forcibly entered into prisons freeing the prisoners, association was under the control of the so-called 5th Army, it was civilian in principle, yet there were also attacked the headquarters of the Department of Security WiN Headquarters, which proved to be a set-up by the numerous military units among its ranks, particularly in and the Citizens’ Militia, fought with the Internal Security Department of Security, as a consequence of which the Białystok, Lublin and Warsaw districts.
    [Show full text]
  • Bul NKVD AJ.Indd
    The NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 Anthology of the international conference Bratislava 14. – 16. 11. 2007 Edited by Alexandra Grúňová Nation´s Memory Institute BRATISLAVA 2008 Anthology was published with kind support of The International Visegrad Fund. Visegrad Fund NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Cen- tral and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 14 – 16 November, 2007, Bratislava, Slovakia Anthology of the international conference Edited by Alexandra Grúňová Published by Nation´s Memory Institute Nám. SNP 28 810 00 Bratislava Slovakia www.upn.gov.sk 1st edition English language correction Anitra N. Van Prooyen Slovak/Czech language correction Alexandra Grúňová, Katarína Szabová Translation Jana Krajňáková et al. Cover design Peter Rendek Lay-out, typeseting, printing by Vydavateľstvo Michala Vaška © Nation´s Memory Institute 2008 ISBN 978-80-89335-01-5 Nation´s Memory Institute 5 Contents DECLARATION on a conference NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 ..................................................................9 Conference opening František Mikloško ......................................................................................13 Jiří Liška ....................................................................................................... 15 Ivan A. Petranský ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Generate PDF of This Page
    Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/4529,quotFreedom-and-Independencequot-WiN.html 2021-09-25, 23:43 04.09.2020 "Freedom and Independence" (WiN) What Molotov and Ribbentrop signed on 23 August 1939 immediately translated into war, enslavement and extermination, and the Poles were the first victims of all three. Yet, they fought back against the allied occupation regimes of Hitler and Stalin, then they fought against the former when he attacked the latter, and carried on when the Soviet Union prevailed over Germany and started the second occupation of Poland. The embodiment of that fight was WiN – Freedom and Independence. The taking of Poland by the Red Army, the Soviet terror and building of state structures by the Polish communists subordinate to the USSR, forced the underground army to change its forms of activities. The words the soldiers of the Home Army [AK – Armia Krajowa] heard after they swore their oath did not come to fruition: “Victory will be your reward”. There was no victory and the last commander, gen. Leopold Okulicki codename “Niedźwiadek” thought the Home Army to be too big of an organisation and too compromised to base further activities aiming to bring back Poland’s sovereignty on it. On January 19th 1945, the Home Army was disbanded. In the last order, the soldiers heard that they were to continue to fight for independence, but on new terms, each was to be their own commander. Okulicki’s decision probably saved many soldiers of the Home Army from repressions, but it also introduced chaos by depriving them of clear instructions on what to do next.
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th Century Mass Graves Proceedings of the International Conference Tbilisi, Georgia, 15 to 17 October 2015
    IPE International Perspectives 74 in Adult Education 20th Century Mass Graves Proceedings of the International Conference Tbilisi, Georgia, 15 to 17 October 2015 Matthias Klingenberg / Arne Segelke (Editors) International Perspectives in Adult Education – IPE 74 The reports, studies and materials published in this series aim to further the develop- ment of theory and practice in adult education. We hope that by providing access to information and a channel for communication and exchange, the series will serve to increase knowledge, deepen insights and improve cooperation in adult education at international level. © DVV International 2016 Publisher: DVV International Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit des Deutschen Volkshochschul-Verbandes e. V. Obere Wilhelmstraße 32, 53225 Bonn, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)228 97569 - 0 / Fax: +49 (0)228 97569 - 55 [email protected] / www.dvv-international.de DVV International is the Institute for International Cooperation of the Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband e. V. (DVV), the German Adult Education Association. As the leading professional organisation in the field of Adult Education and development cooperation, DVV International provides worldwide support for the establishment and development of sustainable structures for Youth and Adult Education. Responsible: Christoph Jost Editors: Matthias Klingenberg/Arne Segelke Managing Editor: Gisela Waschek Opinions expressed in papers published under the names of individual authors do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher and editors. This publication, or parts of it, may be reproduced provided the source is duly cited. The publisher asks to be provided with copies of any such reproductions. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National­­ bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available at http://dnb.ddb.de ISBN: 978-3-942755-31-3 Corporate design: Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband e.V.
    [Show full text]
  • "Witold Pilecki. Confronting the Legend of the "Volunteer to Auschwitz""
    Ewa Cuber-Strutyńska Witold Pilecki. Confronting the legend of the “volunteer to Auschwitz” Death had many opportunities to prematurely end the life of Witold Pilecki, who participated in the ight for independence during the war against the Bolsheviks and fought in World War II. Despite the risk he took, he managed to avoid death when he was at the front, when he found himself in the Auschwitz concentration camp and when he took part in the Warsaw Uprising. That it reached him in seemingly independent Poland and that it happened owing to, among others, his old brothers in arms should be considered a tragic paradox. Pilecki became a victim of the Communist regime, which brought death to him twice. The irst death, with a bullet in the back of his head, came on 25 May 1948; the second, symbolic one, involved killing the memory of Pilecki by censoring it for several dozen years. The memory of Pilecki was liberated and he was rehabilitated only after the fall of the regime that had brought death upon him. In the 1990s, we witnessed the publication of the irst biographies of Pilecki, which led to his return to the history of Poland and placed him in the pantheon of Poles who served their homeland to the greatest extent. Moreover, the past several years have shown a growing interest in Pilecki. His igure is now popularised by not only academic publications (which after all reach a rather small audience) but also various kinds of activities undertaken by state institutions, non-governmental organisations as well as football club fans.1 Among the increasing number of initiatives intended to honour Pilecki was even the idea to make an attempt at his beatiication.2 1 During a match between Śląsk Wrocław and Jagiellonia Białystok that took place on 3 May 2012, the supporters of Śląsk Wrocław prepared a setting including Pilecki’s portrait with a caption “Volunteer to Auschwitz” and the quote “Because compared with them Auschwitz was just a trile”.
    [Show full text]
  • Zapisz Jako PDF Otwiera Się W Nowym Oknie
    The Second Polish Republic Under the Sanaon Government (revision class) The Second Polish Republic Under the Sanaon Government (revision class) Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) The Second Polish Republic Under the Sanaon Government (revision class) Children with flags during a ceremony Source: Dzieci z chorągiewkami podczas uroczystości, 1934, Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe, domena publiczna. Link to the Lesson You will learn to define the effects of the May Coup D’État and the manifestations of the crisis of democracy; to describe the everyday life of students of the elementary schools in the Second Polish Republic; to characterize the strong and weak points of the economy and social life of the Second Polish Republic. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu In 1926, Józef Piłsudski decided to take the power with the use of armed force. Ignacy Mościcki assumed the office of President. The August Novelization of 1926 became a temporary solution. One of the first decrees to be issued was the appointment of the General Armed Forces Inspector (Polish acronym: GISZ). Józef Piłsudski was appointed for this office by Ignacy Mościcki. In 1935, the April Constitution was adopted, limiting the authority of the Parliament. During the campaign for the new term of the Sejm in September 1930, the opposition leaders were arrested. Some of them were forced to emigrate. The Brest elections of November granted the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR) 56% of the seats in the Sejm and almost 68% in the Senate. It was a result of a violation of democratic principles. The founding of the Bereza Kartuska prison in the 30s became a symbol of the Sanation’s activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Katalog Muzealiów Ze Zbiorów Fundacji Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej
    KATALOG MUZEALIÓW ZE ZBIORÓW FUNDACJI GENERAŁ ELŻBIETY ZAWACKIEJ CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTIONS OF THE FOUNDATION OF GENERAL ELŻBIETA ZAWACKA KOMITET REDAKCYJNY FUNDACJI GENERAŁ ELŻBIETY ZAWACKIEJ THE EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE FOUNDATION OF GENERAL ELŻBIETA ZAWACKA Przewodniczący / Head JAN SZILING Członkowie / Members BOGDAN CHRZANOWSKI, KATARZYNA MINCZYKOWSKA Sekretarz / Secretary SYLWIA GROCHOWINA Publikacja Katalog muzealiów ze zbiorów Fundacji Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej. Archiwum i Muzeum Pomorskie Armii Krajowej oraz Wojskowej Służby Polek finansowana w ramach programu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego pod nazwą Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki w latach 2012–2017 (umowa nr 0052/NPRH2/H11/81/2012) The publication Catalogue of the collections of the Foundation of General Elzbieta Zawacka. The Pomeranian Archive and Museum of the Home Army and the Military Service of Polish Women Financed as part of the program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education – the National Program for the Development of the Humanities in the years 2012–2017 (contract no. 0052/NPRH2/H11/81/2012) Anna Mikulska, Joanna Mikulska KATALOG MUZEALIÓW ZE ZBIORÓW FUNDACJI GENERAŁ ELŻBIETY ZAWACKIEJ ARCHIWUM I MUZEUM POMORSKIE ARMII KRAJOWEJ ORAZ WOJSKOWEJ SŁUŻBY POLEK Catalogue of the collections of the Foundation of General Elżbieta Zawacka The Pomeranian Archive and Museum of the Home Army and the Military Service of Polish Women pod redakcją Katarzyny Minczykowskiej / edited by Katarzyna Minczykowska Tłumaczenie / Translation AGNIESZKA CHABROS Fundacja Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej Foundation of General Elżbieta Zawacka Toruń 2017 Photographs JOANNA MIKULSKA Publikacje Fundacji Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej recenzują: / The publications of the Foundation of General Elżbieta Zawacka are rewieved by: prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Berendt, prof. dr hab. Józef Borzyszkowski, prof.
    [Show full text]
  • W Drodze Do Wolnej Polski Kawalerowie Krzyża I Medalu
    W drodze do wolnej Polski! Kawalerowie Krzyża i Medalu Niepodległości II Rzeczypospolitej W drodze do wolnej Polski! Kawalerowie Krzyża i Medalu Niepodległości II Rzeczypospolitej ROZPORZĄDZENIE PREZYDENTA RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ z dnia 29 października 1930 r. o Krzyżu i Medalu Niepodległości. Na podstawie art. 44 ust. 5 Konstytucji postanawiam co następuje: Art. 1. Ustanawia się „Krzyż Niepodległości” i „Medal Niepodległości” celem odznaczenia osób, które zasłużyły się czynnie dla niepodległości Ojczyzny w okresie przed wojną światową lub podczas jej trwania, oraz w okresie walk orężnych polskich w latach 1918–1921, z wyjątkiem wojny polsko-rosyjskiej na obszarze Polski. […]. Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Ignacy Mościcki Krzyż Niepodległości z Mieczami – awers i rewers Krzyż Niepodległości – awers i rewers Medal Niepodległości – awers i rewers Zbiory Roberta Mączyńskiego (Warszawa) Zbiory Roberta Mączyńskiego (Warszawa) Zbiory Roberta Mączyńskiego (Warszawa) Autorzy Realizacja: (scenariusz, tekst, wybór ilustracji, opracowanie): Agencja Kreatywna Błażej Olbromski tel. 508 100 923 Wystawa przygotowana przez: Projekt fi nansowany ze środków Kancelarii Prezesa Stowarzyszenie „Wspólnota Polska” Rady Ministrów w ramach zadania publicznego Ryszard Rybka Projekt graficzny: Warszawa 2020 r. dotyczącego pomocy Polonii i Polakom za granicą. Robert P. Stachowicz 1 W drodze do wolnej Polski! Kawalerowie Krzyża i Medalu Niepodległości II Rzeczypospolitej Ustanowienie odznaczenia Krzyż i Medal Niepodległości Ustanowienie tego odznaczenie miało na cele uhonorowanie
    [Show full text]
  • 11Th Sitting of the Sejm, 9-11February 2016
    \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 8 . POSIEDZENIE S EJMU \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 11th sitting of the Sejm, 9–11 February 2016 The Sejm passed the acts The Sejm accepted Q on the state’s help in raising children; Q Information of the Minister relevant for education and Q amending the Family and Guardianship Code; upbringing on the state of preparations of governing Q amending the act on court fees in civil cases; authorities to subject six-year-old children to schooling duty; Q amending the act on the divisions of government Q Report of the Council of Ministers on the public aid administration and some related acts. provided to entrepreneurs in Poland in 2014, along with the Report on de minimis aid provided to entrepreneurs The Sejm referred to committees in Poland in 2014. Q Deputies’ bill amending the Constitution of the Republic The Sejm received the Government’s current of Poland (the motion to reject the bill in the first reading information on the situation of health resorts. was not accepted); Q Government’s bill on the Bank Guarantee Fund, the The Sejm received the oath of Grażyna Maria system of deposit guarantees and forced restructuring; Ancyparowicz and Eryk Mariusz Łon, appointed as members of the Monetary Policy Council at the 10th Q Government’s bill amending the Code of Penal Procedure sitting of the Sejm. and some related acts (the motion to reject the bill in the first reading was not accepted). The Sejm did not appoint Mateusz Szczurek as a member of the Monetary Policy Council. The Sejm adopted resolutions With a moment of silence, the Sejm honoured Q honouring the 80th anniversary of the deportation of the memory of Poles to Kazakstan; Q Maria Stypułkowska-Chojecka, a.k.a.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fighting Poles
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU USU Student Folklore Fieldwork Student Folklore Fieldwork Winter 12-6-2018 The Fighting Poles Rebecca Smith [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/student_folklore_all Recommended Citation Smith, Rebecca, "The Fighting Poles" (2018). USU Student Folklore Fieldwork. Paper 461. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/student_folklore_all/461 This G8: Objects with/of Customary Use is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Folklore Fieldwork at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in USU Student Folklore Fieldwork by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Damon L. Smith Smithfield, Utah December 6, 2018 “The Fighting Poles” Material Culture Informant: Damon L. Smith is my husband and an active duty United States Air Force officer. He is currently the Operations Flight Commander of the AFROTC detachment 860 on Utah State University campus. Damon has been in the Air Force for 18 years and was deployed to Tikrit, Iraq in 2011. He served a two year mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints to Hungary. He has maintained his language skills and has made several trips to Hungary and Europe to stay fluent. We’ve been married 20 years and have 2 boys and a dog. Context: Damon has been well aware of my collection project (stories, legends, and traditions pertaining to USU) for my Folklore class (Introduction to Folklore - English 2210) for a while because I complain about all the transcription I’ve had to do. Damon has around 50 military challenge coins he’s been given over the years and I asked him if he would pick his favorite one and tell me about it.
    [Show full text]