Death Cap Mushrooms

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INFORMATION Death Cap Mushroom Amanita Phalloides The Death Cap mushroom (Amanita Phalloides) is a deadly poisonous fungus. They often grow near established oak trees, and are found when there is warm, wet weather. In Canberra this usually occurs in autumn but there is no specific mushroom season. There have been multiple incidents and fatalities associated with Death Cap mushrooms. It can be extremely difficult for even experienced collectors to distinguish Death Cap mushrooms from an edible mushroom. People should not pick or eat wild mushrooms, and should talk to their families, friends and neighbours about the dangers of Death Cap mushrooms. Cooking Death Cap mushrooms does not make them safe. Symptoms Symptoms of Death Cap mushroom poisoning generally occur 6–24 hours or more after ingestion of mushrooms and include stomach pains, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Symptoms may subside for 1–2 days giving a false impression of recovery. However, by this stage the toxin will have already caused serious liver damage. Liver failure and death may occur. Medical Treatment Anyone who suspects that they might have eaten Death Cap mushrooms should seek urgent medical attention at a hospital emergency department. Where possible take a whole mushroom sample for identification. The sooner the treatment begins, the better the chances of survival. Further information and assistance if poisoning is suspected can be sought by calling the Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26 (24 hours a day, seven days a week). For further information or to report the location of Death Cap mushrooms contact Access Canberra on 13 22 81. Do not pick or eat any wild mushrooms Accessibility If you have difficulty reading a standard printed document and would like an alternative format, please phone 13 22 81. If English is not your first language and you need the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS), please call 13 14 50. For further accessibility information, visit: www.health.act.gov.au/accessibility www.health.act.gov.au | Phone: 132281 | Publication No HPS-00-0545 © Australian Capital Territory, March 2020 © Australian Capital Territory, Canberra | health.act.gov.au | Enquiries: 132281 .

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Four Patients with Amanita Phalloides Poisoning CASE SERIE
CASE SERIE 353 Four patients with Amanita Phalloides poisoning S. Vanooteghem1, J. Arts2, S. Decock2, P. Pieraerts3, W. Meersseman4, C. Verslype1, Ph. Van Hootegem2 (1) Department of hepatology, UZ Leuven ; (2) Department of gastroenterology, AZ St-Lucas, Brugge ; (3) General Practitioner, Zedelgem ; (4) Department of internal medicine, UZ Leuven. Abstract because they developed stage 2 hepatic encephalopathy. With maximal supportive therapy, all patients gradually Mushroom poisoning by Amanita phalloides is a rare but poten- improved from day 3 and recovered without the need for tially fatal disease. The initial symptoms of nausea, vomiting, ab- dominal pain and diarrhea, which are typical for the intoxication, liver transplantation. They were discharged from the can be interpreted as a common gastro-enteritis. The intoxication hospital between 6 to 10 days after admission. can progress to acute liver and renal failure and eventually death. Recognizing the clinical syndrome is extremely important. In this case report, 4 patients with amatoxin intoxication who showed the Discussion typical clinical syndrome are described. The current therapy of amatoxin intoxication is based on small case series, and no ran- Among mushroom intoxications, amatoxin intoxica- domised controlled trials are available. The therapy of amatoxin intoxication consists of supportive care and medical therapy with tion accounts for 90% of all fatalities. Amatoxin poison- silibinin and N-acetylcysteine. Patients who develop acute liver fail- ing is caused by mushroom species belonging to the gen- ure should be considered for liver transplantation. (Acta gastro- era Amanita, Galerina and Lepiota. Amanita phalloides, enterol. belg., 2014, 77, 353-356). commonly known as the “death cap”, causes the majority Key words : amanita phalloides, mushroom poisoning, acute liver of fatal cases.
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