Snakes in Bottles

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CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA SNAKES IN BOTTLES Most snakes that are bottled are Asiati c cobras. All 11 species of Asiatic cobra are covered under CITES. IDENTIFICATION: SPECIES Check: (1) Hood mark; (2) Throat Hood mark: shape variable - spectacle, mask, horseshoe or O- shape, often linked to light throat area on at least one side. Throat: clearly defined light throat area, usually a pair of clearly defined lateral spots. Naja atra (Chinese cobra) Hood mark: O- or mask-shaped, may be faint. Throat: one pair of lateral throat spots Naja kaouthia (Monocled cobra) Hood mark: a spectacle-shaped hood mark may be present, especially in some juveniles; Throat: throat heavily mottled with dark brown pigment in adults. Naja mandalayensis (Mandalay spitting cobra) DOCDM-430474 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Hood mark: hood mark spectacle-shaped, not linked to light throat area on sides; often absent, especially in adults Throat: generally a spot on the outer edges; throat pattern often ill- defined. Naja naja (Indian cobra) Hood mark: none Throat: no lateral throat spots. Appearance: mottled Naja oxiana (Central Asian cobra) Hood mark: none Throat: no lateral throat spots. Appearance: uniformly light or medium brown Naja philippinensis (Philippine cobra) Hood mark: monocle hood mark present Appearance: adults tend to be uniform. Naja sagittifera (Andaman cobra) Hood mark: none Throat: light, then dark scales; scales on side of throat are ‘spotted’ Naja samaraensis (Peters’ or Samar cobra) DOCDM-430474 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Hood mark: V, U, or, most commonly, spectacle-shaped, but often very indistinct or absent altogether Appearance: highly variable; can be black/white stripes Naja siamensis (Black and white spitting cobra) Throat: bands may be visible Appearance: faint, pale yellow cross bands down the length of the body Ophiophagus hannah (King cobra) Hood mark: Juveniles often have throat band and lateral throat spots, sometimes a hood mark, which is most often chevron-shaped, rarely mask-, spectacle-, horseshoe- or O-shaped. Appearance: adults usually uniform yellowish, brown or blackish Naja sputatrix (Indonesian cobra) Hood mark: none Throat: variable Naja sumatrana (Equatorial spitting cobra) Note: -if the wine is from an Asian country and is a cobra, it is likely to be CITES-listed -no scorpions from Asia are listed on CITES DOCDM-430474 .

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