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Home , Andaman cobra, Atretium, Atretium schistosum, Brown roofed turtle, Eryx johnii, Gongylophis conicus

tgka gS gfj;kyhA ogka gS jOkq'kgkyhAA Indian AMPHIBIANS & in CITES Appendices INSTITUTE OF FOREST GENETICS AND TREE BREEDING Maheshwar Hegde, S. Bhupathy Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education K. R. Sasidharan, T. P. Raghunath and Coimbatore - 641 002 N. Krishnakumar Dr. N. Krishnakumar, IFS Director

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CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered of Wild Fauna and Flora) ensures that international trade in specimens of wild and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild. At present, 175 countries are party to this international convention and India is also a party since 1976. Roughly 5,000 species of animals and 28,000 species of plants are protected by CITES against over-exploitation through international trade. All these species are included in various CITES appendices, according to degree of protection required to regulate the trade. The Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore has been designated as one of the Scientific Authorities for CITES in India by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India - the CITES Management Authority, in 2011. Since then, IFGTB is actively involved in various CITES related activities. It is being felt that, there is a need to create increased awareness about CITES and species included in CITES appendices among various enforcement agencies in India, like Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), Customs, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the State Police, Forest Department, Coast Guards and other Paramilitary forces posted in borders. Therefore, the MoEF has entrusted IFGTB to conduct awareness training programmes for various CITES implementation agencies in India and also to make available enough reference materials like booklets and brochures on CITES related species and issues. Several Indian and plant species have been included in CITES appendices. IFGTB has prepared booklets on various animal species and plants included in CITES for benefit of the participants of the training programme. This booklet on 'Indian Reptiles, Amphibians and Insects listed in CITES Appendices' is one such ready reference document. The information provided in this brochure is compiled from various published sources. The photographs included have also been taken for education purpose from various sources published on internet. These photographs are just indicative of the species listed. For further detailed identification of species and their parts, other published authentic works on respective species need to be referred or consulted. The need for such handy publications emerged during trainings conducted for officials of various State Forest Departments, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, Customs and other CITES enforcement agencies in India. It is hoped that this booklet on Indian Reptiles, Amphibians and Insects under CITES will go long way to improve the understanding on the subject among personnel involved in CITES implementation in the country.

PREFACE Your sincere comments and feedbacks are solicited.

Dr. N. Krishnakumar Director IFGTB, Coimbatore Indian Reptiles, Amphibians and Insects in CITES Appendices Maheshwar Hegde, S. Bhupathy*, K. R. Sasidharan, T. P. Raghunath and N. Krishnakumar Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore-2 *Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), Anaikatti (PO) Coimbatore-108

Reptiles are cold-blooded animals, found in almost all parts of the world, except the very cold regions. In India, three out of four extant orders of reptiles have their representatives - Crocodylia (crocodiles), Testudines ( and ) and ( and ). The diversified climate, varying vegetation and different types of soil in the country form a wide range of biotopes,that support a highly diversified reptilian fauna. The Western Ghats, , and the Andaman and are endowed with varied and unique reptilian fauna. According to Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) there are 518 species of reptiles occurring in India. They include three species of crocodiles, 34 species of turtles and tortoises, 202 species of lizards and 279 species of snakes belonging to 28 families. Of the 518 species of reptiles found in India, nearly192 species are endemic to India. Out of these, 26 species have been listed as 'Threatened' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (IUCN 2006). Reptiles are mainly exploited and traded for their skin, eggs, flesh and shell. Exponential increase in human population, urbanization, destruction and indiscriminate hunting are the factors leading to decline in population. The reptiles like any other animals have definite role to play in the food chain. For example, snakes and lizards are considered 'friends of farmers' as they control the population of , small , insects etc. Since several Indian reptile species and their parts are being traded internationally, many of them are included in CITES appendices. There are 19 species of reptiles included in Appendix –I, 30 species in Appendix-II and four species in Appendix-III. Like Reptiles, Amphibians also play a crucial role in ecosystem function. Amphibians are important predators of many insects and agricultural pests and are therefore valuable for natural biological pest control. Many species contribute to stabilization of water quality in fresh water bodies like lakes, ponds and streams. Amphibians are least explored group of species regarding status of populations and many Amphibians are believed to be threatened with extinction. According to an IUCN report nearly one-third (32 %) of the world's Amphibian species are threatened with extinction and 25 % have insufficient data to determine their threat status. Habitat loss, diseases, international trade, including both extensive illegal trade and unregulated legal trade are the major threats to their survival. According to ZSI, out of the 342 species of Amphibians known from India, 161 are still under the data deficient category. As per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the global status of Indian amphibians is- 24% Data deficient; 30% Least concern; 9% Endangered; 6% Threatened; 5% Critically endangered; 2% Near threatened and 0.3 % extinct. Only two Indian species of are included in Appendix-II. Insects form a very large group of organisms as more than 8 lakh species of insects are reported to occur in the world. In India about 61,000 species have been recorded out of which about 20,000 species are endemic to the country. Many new species of insects are being recorded every year. Some of the insect species like and beetles are traded internationally for their aesthetic values. , over-exploitation, pesticides, pollution and introduction of exotic species are also contributing to decline in many insect species. Among the insect species of India, only few species are included in Appendices of CITES - one species included in Appendix I and 8 species are in Appendix-II. It is hoped that this checklist will serve as handy reference document for various CITES enforcement agencies in India. REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - I No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) Testudines (Tortoises, Turtles & Terrapins)

1 Northern River baska Batagur baska Meat Critically Terrapin, Tuntong e () & Endangered ydida em delta eo G (Orissa)

2 Spotted Pond , Geoclemys Geoclemys hamiltonii North, East & Pet & Meat Vulnerable Indian , hamiltonii Northeast India Black Pond Terrapin myd a o Ge e id e

3 , tecta Pangshura tecta All India Pet & Meat Least Concern Indian Sawback Synonyms: (southern limit tecta ) Kachuga tectum emydida Geo e

4 Tricarinate Hill Melanochelys tricarinata North & Northeast Meat Vulnerable Turtle/ tricarinata : India ae Three Keeled Turtle tricarinata ydid em Geo

5 Green , Chelonia mydas Chelonia mydas All Coastal areas of Meat, Eggs, Endangered Green Turtle India & Islands Oil (rendered idaeC from the fat), loni he Shell, & Leather

6 Loggerhead Sea Caretta caretta Caretta caretta Gulf of Mannar, Meat & Eggs Endangered Turtle, Loggerhead Tamil Nadu e Turtle iida Chelon REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - I No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

7 Eretmochelys Eretmochelys imbricata Coastal areas of Shell & Meat Critically imbricata India & Islands Endangered daeCii lon he

8 Olive Ridley Sea Lepidochelys Lepidochelys olivacea All Coastal areas of Shell & Eggs & Vulnerable Turtle olivacea India & Islands Meat iidae lon Che

9 Leatherback Sea Dermochelys Dermochelys coriacea Coastal areas of Shell, Leather Critically Turtle coriacea India & Eggs Endangered idae ( & Tamil ochely rm Nadu) De

10 Indian Softshell Aspideretes gangetica Indus, , Leather, Meat Vulnerable Turtle, Ganges gangeticus Mahanadi, Narmada & Eggs Softshell Turtle Synonym: & Brahamaputra c gangeticus ny hidae river systems Trio

11 Indian Peacock Aspideretes hurum Nilssonia hurum Indus, Ganges and Meat & Eggs Vulnerable Softshell Turtle Brahmaputra rivers ae Synonym: Trionyx hurum, hid systems ny Trio c

12 Black Softshell Aspideretes Nilssonia nigricans Brahmaputra flood Meat Extinct in the Turtle, nigricans Synonyms: Aspideretes plains () Wild. nigricans, ae Recently this ychid Bostami Turtle Trionyx nigricans ion species has Tr been reported from Assam REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - I No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) Crocodylia (Crocodiles & Gharial)

13 Indian Marsh Crocodylus Crocodylus palustris All India Skin Vulnerable Crocodile, Mugger palustris aero (widely used for ylid making shoes, Crocodile cod C handbags, and other luxuries)

14 Estuarine Crocodile, Crocodylus Crocodylus porosus Estuaries of West Skin Least Concern Salt Water Crocodile porosus Bengal, Orissa and (widely used e ida Andaman & Nicobar for making codyl Islands shoes, Cro handbags, and other luxuries)

15 Gharial Gavialis gangeticus Gavialis gangeticus Indus, Ganges and Skin, Meat, Critically Male gharas & Endangered ae systems Eggs vialid Ga

Squamata (Lizards & Snakes)

16 Common Indian Varanus Varanus bengalensis All India Meat & Skin Least Concern Monitor, Bengal bengalensis idae ran Monitor Va

17 Yellow Monitor, Varanus flavescens Varanus flavescens Indus, Ganges and Meat & Skin Least Concern Golden Monitor Brahmaputra flood ida e plans (North & ran Va North east India)

18 Indian Desert Varanus griseus Varanus griseus Northwest India Meat, Skin & Not Evaluated Monitor (, Rajasthan Oil (extracted & Punjab) from meat) ran aeid Va REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - I No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

19 Indian Python, Python molurus All India Pet, Skin & Not Evaluated Indian Rock Python molurus Meat e nid tho a Py

REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) Testudines (Tortoises, Turtles & Terrapins)

1 Three-striped Batagur dhongoka Batagur dhongoka Ganges-Brahmaputra Meat Endangered Roofed Turtle, Dhoor, river systems (Uttar aem Pradesh, , Assam, Dhongoka Terrapin Synonym: Kachuga yd dhongoka Rajasthan, Madhya Geoe id Pradesh, West Bengal & Assam

2 Red - crowned Batagur kachuga Batagur kachuga Ganges river Meat Critically Roofed Turtle System (Uttar Endangered e Synonym: a Pradesh, Rajasthan, mydid Kachuga kachuga oe Madhya Pradesh, Ge Bihar, West Bengal)

3 Smith's Turtle/ Pangshura smithii Pangshura smithii North and Northeast Pet & Meat Near India (Punjab to Threatened ae Synonum: Kachuga did Assam) m smithii oe y Ge

4 , Pangshura Pangshura sylhetensis Northeast India Pet & Meat Endangered Chapant sylhetensis (Assam, Arunachal idae Synonym: Kachuga yd Pradesh & sylhetensis oem ) Ge REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

5 Deccan Sawback Pangshura tentoria Pangshura tentoria Peninsular India Pet & Meat Least Concern Terrapin, Synonym: Kachuga (south up to Andhra tentoria idaGe e Pradesh) eo myd

6 Keeled Cuora mouhotii Coura mouhotii Northeast India Pet & Meat Endangered (, ae Synonym: Pyxidea dG id Assam, , m , Meghalaya, mouhotii eoe y )

7 Southeast Asian Box Cuora amboinensis Cuora amboinensis Northeast India Meat Vulnerable Turtle, Ambonia Box (Assam & Arunachal e Turtle dida Pradesh) emy Nicobar Islands Geo

8 Indian Star Geochelone elegans Arid and Semiarid parts Pet Least Concern elegans of Peninsular India e ida (Rajasthan, Gujarat, in , Andhra s u Te t d Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh & Kerala) 9 Asian Forest Manouria emys Northeast India Pet & Meat Endangered Tortoise, Asian (Assam, Nagaland, e Brown Tortoise, Synonym: Geochelone inida Manipur, Mizoram & Asian Giant tortoise emys ud Meghalaya) Test

10 Elongated Tortoise, Indotestudo elongata North, East and Pet & Meat Endangered Yellow Tortoise, elongata Northeast India Sal Forest Tortoise Synonym: Geochelone ida e (, Bihar, elongate studin Orissa, Jharkhand, Te West Bengal & whole of Northeast India) REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

11 Travancore Tortoise Indotestudo Indotestudo travancorica Western Ghats Meat Vulnerable travancorica Synonym: Geochelone (Kerala, Tamil Nadu ae travancorica inid & Karnataka) Te stud

12 Indian Narrow- indica Chitra indica All major river Pet & Meat Endangered headed Softshell systems of India ae Turtle, Small-headed hid (South up to Andhra Softshell Turtle, ny Pradesh) Trio c Chitra Turtle

13 Indian Flapshell punctata Lissemys punctata All India Pet, Shell & Least Concern Turtle (Ponds, lakes & Meat e rivers) chida Triony

14 Asiatic Softshell cartilaginea Amyda cartilaginea Mizoram Meat Vulnerable Turtle, Black Rayed e Softshell Turtle ida Trionych

15 Asian Giant cantorii Pelochelys cantorii Estuaries of East Meat & Eggs Endangered Softshell Turtle, and West Coast an e Cantor's Giant hid (up to Kerala) Softshell Turtle y Trio c

Squamata (Lizards & Snakes)

16 Indian Spiny-tailed Uromastyx Uromastyx hardwickii Northwestern India Meat (food and Not Evaluated , hardwickii ae (Rajasthan, Gujarat medicine) mid Sanda Aga & Punjab) REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

17 Andaman Island Phelsuma Phelsuma andamanense Pet Not Evaluated Day Gecko andamanense Synonym: e Phelsuma andamanensis nid a kko Ge

18 Indian Chamaeleo zeylanicus Peninsular India Pet Not Evaluated zeylanicus (South of Ganges) e len ida am e Ch

19 Water Monitor Varanus salvator Varanus salvator East and Northeast Skin & Pet Least Concern India idae (Orissa, West ran Va Bengal & Northeast Indian States)

20 Asiatic Reticulated Python reticulatus Python reticulatus Andaman &Nicobar Skin (belts, Not Evaluated Python Islands, Northeast wallets, dae India fashion h Py t oni industries)

21 Common Sand Boa, Gongylophis conicus All India (barring Skin, Meat & Not Evaluated Rough-scaled Sand conicus Northeast) Pet Boa Synonym: conicus dae Boi

22 Red Sand Boa, Eryx johnii Eryx johnii All India (barring Skin, Meat & Not Evaluated John's Sand Boas, Northeast) Pet Blunt-Tailed Sand e ida Boas Bo REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

23 Whitaker's Boa Eryx whitakeri Eryx whitakeri Southwestern India Skin, Meat & Not Evaluated (Kerala, Karnataka, Pet Goa & ) ida e Bo

24 Indian Egg-eating Elachistodon Elachistodon westermanni North Skin & Pet Least Concern , westermanni (Himalayan foot e Westermann's rida hills) and Western lub Snake Co India (Gujarat & Maharashtra)

25 Indian Snake, mucosus Throughout India Skin, Meat & Not Evaluated Oriental , Pet ae Dhaman Synonym: rid lub Ptyas mucosus Co

26 Monocled kaouthia Naja kaouthia North and Northeast Skin, Least Concern India and meat e pida Ela

27 , Naja naja Naja naja All India barring Skin, Venom Not Evaluated Asian Cobra, Northeast and Meat Spectacled/ e p Binocellate Cobra Ela ida

28 Black Cobra, Barred Naja oxiana Naja oxiana Northwest India Bone, Skin, Data Deficient Cobra, (Kashmir, Punjab & Meat and Central Asian Cobra ae Himachal Pradesh) Venom Ela p id REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

29 Andaman Cobra Naja sagittifera Naja sagitiifera Andaman Islands Meat Not Evaluated

ae pid Ela

30 Ophiophagus Ophiophagus hannah Western Ghats, Bone, Skin, Vulnerable hannah Gangetic Plains, Meat and dae East and North Venom Elapi eastern India & Andaman Islands

S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat REPTILES Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) APPENDIX - III Squamata (Lizards & Snakes)

1 Olive Keelback, Split Peninsular India Skin Least Concern Keelback schistosum (Patchy distribution, ae Kerala, Karnataka, Colubrid Tamil Nadu; Uttar Pradesh & Orissa)

2 Dog-faced Water Cerberus rynchops Cerberus rynchops Coastal and tidal Skin Least Concern Snake rivers (Peninsular ae India & Andaman lu rid Co b and Nicobar Islands)

3 Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis Xenochrophis piscator All India Skin Not Evaluated Water Snake, piscator Asiatic Water Snake Synonym: Natrix piscator ridae lub Co REPTILES S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - III No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012)

4 Russell's Viper russelii Daboia russelii All India Skin & Venom Least Concern

Synonym: Vipera russelii id e Daboia russeli Viper a Vipera russeli

S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat AMPHIBIA Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) APPENDIX - II Anura (Frogs & Toads)

1 Green Pond , Euphlyctis Euphlyctis hexadactylus Peninsular India Frog legs (as Least Concern Six Fingered Frog hexadactyla (Up to Punjab in food) Synonym: Rana Northwest) hexadactyla Ranida e

2 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus Hoplobatrachus tigerinus All India Frog legs (as Least Concern tigerinus Synonym: food) Rana tigerina e nida Rana tigrina Ra

Phyllum - ARTHROPODA S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat INSECTA Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) APPENDIX - I

1 Queen Alexandra's Ornithoptera Ornithoptera alexandrae Southern parts of Preserved Endangered Birdwing alexandrae Asia including Adults dae Northeast India oni Papili INSECTA S. Current Scientific Name IUCN Threat Common Name Scientific Name (as Family Distribution Trade Purpose APPENDIX - II No. in CITES Appendices) & Other Synonyms Status (2012) Lepidoptera

1 glory Bhutanitis spp. Bhutanitis spp. Bhutan and parts of Preserved Not Evaluated ae Northeastern India Adults nid Papilio

2 The Birdwings Ornithoptera spp. Ornithoptera spp. Northeast India Preserved Vulnerable (Except the Adults e species included in nid plio a Appendix I) Pa i

3 The snow apollo Parnassius apollo Parnassius apollo Preserved Vulnerable Adults aP ilionid e ap

4 Keser-I-Hind Teinopalpus spp. Teinopalpus spp. , Darjeeling Preserved Not Evaluated Teinopalpus Teinopalpus imperialis region of West Adults eai imperialis d Bengal, Khasia Hills lion a P pi in Meghalaya Asam & Manipur

5 Southern Birdwing Troides spp. Troides spp. Endemic to Preserved Not Evaluated Troides minos Troides minos Peninsular India adults are id e traded on ap ili aP

6 Common Birdwing; Troides helena Troides helena Northeast India Preserved Not Evaluated Black-and-gold Sikkim, West Bengal Adults Birdwing e and Orissa. nid a ilio a Andaman and P p Nicobar Islands 7 Malabar Rose Atrophaneura Atrophaneura India & Preserved Not Evaluated pandiyana pandiyana Adults e ida pilion Pa

8 Golden Birdwing Triodes aeacus Triodes aeacus Northern India Preserved Not Evaluated Adults aa nid e ilio P p Indian REPTILES AMPHIBIANS & INSECTS in CITES Appendices

2013

Published By The Director Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education) P.B. No. 1061, R.S. Puram P.O., Coimbatore-641002, INDIA Phone : +91 422 2484100, 2484101 Fax : +91 422 2430549 Email : [email protected] Prdag Print 0422 3059034 Prdag Print