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The Chicago Art Deco ABOUT CADS ______Individual $45 Society (CADS) is a The Chicago Art Deco Society (“CADS”) is a community of members that celebrates the ______Household (Dual) $55 not-for-profit 501(c)3 unique aesthetic of the Interwar Period including fine and decorative arts, architecture tax exempt organization and fashion that defined the elegant Art Deco and Streamline Moderne era. CADS was ______Student with Valid Photo ID $25 (email communications only) founded in 1982 as a non-profit organization with a mission of education, preservation chartered in the state of ______Friend $100 illinois in 1982 for the and fellowship. CADS members develop their knowledge, make connections, and get involved to save purpose of education, ______Patron $250 historic structures through our advocacy and education programs. When you join CADS preservation and you’ll meet fellow enthusiasts and experts, receive unique benefits, continue learning, ______Benefactor $500 fellowship. and play a meaningful part in preserving our Art Deco heritage. ______Deco Circle $1000

LEARN ______Corporate $500 With membership you will receive the highly respected Chicago Art Deco Magazine. (Includes a quarter page sized advertisement in two issues of CADS Magazine Richly illustrated and loaded with topical articles, special features and a calendar of and a link to your business website from chicagoartdecosociety.com). international art deco events & book reviews. Chicago Art Deco Magazine has become a collectible in its own right. Name(s) ______

ENJOY Street ______Exclusive access to fabulous buildings, private collections and exciting events including tours and lectures featuring expert speakers and authors. City/STATE ______PRESERVE Your membership supports historic preservation programs including the Chicago ZiP ______PHONE ______Art Deco Survey. EMAIL ______EXPERIENCE Make checks payable to: Chicago Art Deco Society As a member, you’ll have the opportunity to meet and discuss your favorite aspect of Mail to: Chicago Art Deco Society, PO Box 1116 Art Deco with over 500 associates from across the United States. Evanston, IL 60204-1116 IN THIS ISSUE SPRING 2014 FEATURE ARTICLES Roman Architecture of the Inter-War Years By Robin Grow ...... 10 Deco After Dark By Glenn Rogers ...... 13 The Deco Delights of Paris By Robin Simon, Roberta Nusim, Graeme Rudd, Robert Bradshaw, and Robin Grow . . . 17 CADS Launches Partners in Preservation—Architectural Sister Sites By Kathleen Murphy Skolnik ...... 21 Screen Deco By Matthew C . Hoffman ...... 24 A Look Inside… Eva Zeisel: Life, Design, and Beauty Reviewed by Rolf Achilles ...... 26 The Art Deco Murals of Hildreth Meière Previewed by Robert Bruegmann ...... 28 REGULAR FEATURES President’s Message ...... 3 CADS Recap ...... 4 Deco Spotlight ...... 6 Art Deco at Auction ...... 8 Deco Preservation ...... 20 CADS News ...... 23 Deco Bookshelf Art Deco Reviewed by Bevis Hillier ...... 30 Paul T . Frankl Autobiography Reviewed by Bennett Johnson ...... 31 Looking Back… to Move Ahead By Ruth Dearborn ...... 32

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2 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine CADS Board of Directors Joseph Loundy President Amy Keller Vice President PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Susanne Petersson Secretary Mary Miller Treasurer Ruth Dearborn Ann Marie Del Monico Mark Allen g . Garzon Steve Hickson Dear CADS Members, Kevin Palmer Since the publication of the fall issue of CADS Magazine last October, CADS has seen a whirlwind of Glenn Rogers activity, with many new events and projects .

CADS Advisory Board Fall activities included opportunities to see Art Deco-inspired furniture at The Golden Triangle and Conrad Miczko Chair Pagoda Red as well as receptions at Club Lucky, Ceres Cafe, and Martin Lawrence Galleries—Oak Bill Sandstrom Brook . Special thanks to Cindy Oakes and Kathleen Murphy Skolnik for suggesting The Golden Triangle event, Richard Souyoul for introducing us to Ceres Cafe, and Social Committee Chair Kevin Palmer and Web Master his committee for organizing these events . In November, members enjoyed an in-depth presentation at Eran Miller the Polish Museum of America on the work of Polish artist Stefan Norblin who created the Art Deco CADS Magazine interiors of Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur, India . Special thanks to Jan Lorys for inviting us to co- Editor sponsor this important event . Kathleen Murphy Skolnik In January, CADS Magazine Editor, Kathleen Murphy Skolnik and I visited Paris to view a major exhibition Graphic Designer on Art Deco at the City of Architecture and Heritage . While in Paris, we met Pascal Laurent, an Maureen S . Donahue architect and Art Deco scholar who will speak to CADS members on May 23 during a visit to Chicago . Contributors Rolf Achilles Kathleen was hardly back from Paris when she was off again—this time to Camagüey, Cuba at the Robert Bradshaw invitation of Wilfredo Rodríguez Ramos, executive secretary of the Art Deco Society of Camagüey . The Robert Bruegmann occasion was the 500th anniversary of the establishment of the city . Activities included an exhibition of Ruth Dearborn Art Deco in Chicago and Camagüey . Special thanks to both Kathleen and CADS Board Member Mark Robin Grow Garzon for helping to design and produce the exhibition materials . This visit is the beginning of what we Bevis Hillier hope will be an ongoing relationship between CADS and the Art Deco Society of Camagüey with the Matthew C . Hoffman aim of supporting our mutual interest in Art Deco preservation . We look forward to Wilfredo visiting us Bennett Johnson here in Chicago this fall . Roberta Nusim Glenn Rogers The CADS Annual Meeting on February 22 was a huge success with over 150 people attending . Special Graeme Rudd thanks to my friend and colleague Roberta Nusim, president of the Art Deco Society of New York, for Robin Simon arranging the loan of the video Deco—The Art of Glamour . Members also heard updates from Amy Keller,

Copy Editor / Proofreader CADS vice president and preservation chair, Keith Bringe, director of the CADS Survey Project, and Bob Linda Levendusky Bruegmann, editor of the forthcoming book Chicago Art Deco . Many thanks to Amy, Keith, and Bob for the countless hours and creative energy they have put into making their projects successful . Advertising Sales JoAnn Cannon I am pleased to welcome longtime CADS Board member Ruth Dearborn as the newest columnist for CADS Magazine . Ruth’s unmatched knowledge of CADS’ history makes her the ideal person to write Front cover: Palmolive Building, Holabird & Root, about our past . Welcome, Ruth . 1929 . Photo by Glenn Rogers . For frosting on the cake, this issue reprints a book review written by Art Deco icon Bevis Hillier—yes, © Copyright Chicago Art Deco Society 2014 the same Bevis Hillier whose 1968 book Art Deco was a milestone in the resurgence of interest in Art All material is subject to copyright and cannot be reproduced without prior written permission Deco and is widely credited with popularizing the term . Welcome, Bevis . from the publisher . To all our CADS members—thank you for your continued support and enjoy this exceptional issue . The Chicago Art Deco Society (CADS) is a NOT-FOR-PROFIT 501(c)3 tax exempt organization chartered in the State of Illinois in 1982 for the purpose of education, preservation and FELLOWSHIP .

Joseph Loundy P .O . Box 1116 Evanston, IL 60204-1116 April 2014 312-280-9097 chicagoartdecosociety .com

Spring 2014 3 CADS RECAP A look back at the Society’s fall and winter events

CADS Welcomes Members and Guests at Fall and Winter Social Events

organizations . CADS partnered with: Friends of Historic Second Presbyterian Church for the presentation Grete Marks: When Modernism Was Degenerate by Mel Buchanan; the Chicago Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians for a tour by curator Tim Samuelson of the exhibition Modernism’s Messengers: The Art of Alfonso and Margaret Iannelli at the Chicago Cultural Center, followed by a book signing with David Jameson for Alfonso Iannelli: Modern by Design at the Cliff Dwellers Club; the Women’s Jewelry Association Midwest Chapter for Susan Klein Bagdade’s lecture on Eisenberg Jewelry; and the Polish Museum of America, the Consulate of the Republic of India, and the Consulate of the David Nitecki, elegant as always, Republic of Poland for a viewing enjoys a champagne cocktail at the of the documentary Chitraanjali: Golden Triangle reception . Stefan Norblin in India . The Golden Triangle gallery with its collection of Asian and Central European antiques and furniture . Amy Keller, CADS vice president and Preservation Committee Art Deco-themed social programs CADS members and several new Thanks to the CADS Social chair, reported on the gave CADS members plenty recruits met up in November at Committee, chaired by Kevin committee’s efforts over the past of opportunities to renew Ceres Cafe in the Board of Trade, Palmer, for organizing the CADS year, which focused on two main acquaintances and welcome new named for John Storrs’ sculpture social gatherings and searching projects—the Ashland Avenue Deco aficionados this fall and of the Roman goddess of grain out great Deco sites for these Bridge and the Chicago Motor winter . and the harvest that tops the programs . Club . In 2013, CADS nominated building’s central tower . Revelers the Ashland Avenue Bridge for In late September, the Golden enjoyed a wide selection of hors A Look Back at 2013 landmark status . The Commission Triangle on North Clark Street d’oeuvres, washed down by some CADS thrived during 2013, a year on Chicago Landmarks agrees opened its doors to CADS for very potent cocktails . of achievements in many different that the bridge meets the criteria an elegant cocktail reception . areas . Members learned of these for landmark designation . Its Guests enjoyed a private viewing December’s Holiday Deco Social accomplishments at the society’s survival, however, remains of the gallery’s collection of began at Bucktown’s Pagoda Annual Meeting, held February 22 threatened due to the Chicago Asian and Central European Red with its selection of both at Roosevelt University . Department of Transportation’s Art Deco furniture while Art Deco and traditional Asian lack of commitment to its sipping champagne cocktails, a furniture and accessories . The CADS President Joe Loundy preservation . The development concoction of champagne, a sugar next stop was Club Lucky, a reviewed the year’s activities, of an Ashland Avenue Bridge cube, bitters, and a lemon twist former speakeasy and a CADS which included a total of ten advocacy strategy is among the that Esquire named one of the top favorite, for a buffet of pizza, educational and social programs committee’s priorities for 2014 . ten cocktails for 1934 . Thanks to antipasti, and Italian sandwiches held in downtown Chicago and owners Douglas Van Tress and along with libations reminiscent of in the city’s neighborhoods and Fortunately, news from the Chauwarin Tuntisak, and Events the Deco era . suburbs . Several of these events Chicago Motor Club is far Manager Matt Nguyen for such a represented collaborations more promising . New owners memorable evening . with other Chicago-based acquired the property in summer

4 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine CADS RECAP A look back at the Society’s fall and winter events

The CADS Holiday Deco Social began with a reception at Pagoda Red in Bethany L . Costilow, Richard Souyoul, Ann Marie Del Monico, and Jeffery Segal Bucktown . enjoying the Deco ambiance at Club Lucky .

2013 and are committed to concept and content . Serving the building’s restoration and as executive editor is Robert adaptation to a hotel . Efforts Blandford, Associate Professor are now underway to stabilize in the Arts, Entertainment, and the John Warner Norton mural, Media Management Department repair the building’s facade and at Columbia College Chicago, ironwork, re-install the light who will oversee operations, fixtures, and restore the lobby logistics, and finances and manage based on original plans . In late the Editorial Advisory Board January, CADS submitted a letter and an international advisory of support to the Commission on committee . Chicago Landmarks applauding the new owners’ commitment to The Editorial Board and a group the building’s preservation . of potential contributors have been meeting to discuss the Keith Bringe, director of the format and contents of the book CADS Survey Project, reported and the themes to be stressed . that the survey archive continues A timeline has been established, Jeff Owczarek, Carla Lewis, Patrick Steffes, and Michael Leonhardt socialize at to expand . It now includes and the projected publication the Ceres Cafe .All photos by Mark Garzon . 15,240 contemporary and date is early 2017 . Discussions are archival images, 793 buildings, also underway with the Chicago presence on social media sites in 2003 at the Victoria & Albert sites, and monuments, and 123 History Museum for an Art Deco Facebook, Twitter, and Meetup . Museum in London, and a guest manufacturers . exhibition to coincide with the speaker at a November 2003 release of the book . A screening of the fifty-minute CADS program. The film traced Plans for the book Art Deco film Deco—The Art of Glamour the evolution of Art Deco from Chicago are moving ahead . As Another CADS accomplishment followed the business portion of its exposure to an international part of a restructuring process, during 2013 was the establish- the meeting . Supermodel Jerry audience at the 1925 Exposition Robert Bruegmann, Distinguished ment of a Social Media Committee Hall moderated the film, which Internationale des Arts Décoratifs Professor Emeritus of Art chaired by Mark Garzon . Among featured a panel of international et Industriels Modernes in Paris, History, Architecture and Urban the committee’s first efforts was scholars, including Ghislaine to its impact on skyscraper design Planning at the University of a revamping of the CADS website Wood . Wood was one of the in the United States, to its later Illinois at Chicago, was named to allow online membership curators of the exhibition Art transformation into the more editor and will be responsible renewal and events registration . Deco, 1910-1939, which debuted streamlined Art Moderne form . n for developing the book’s overall In addition, CADS now has a

Spring 2014 5 DECO SPOTLIGHT Exhibitions, tours, lectures & special events of interest to Art Deco enthusiasts

ONGOING America on the Move National Museum of American Mainbocher Corset (pink satin corset by Detolle), History, Washington, DC Paris, 1939, Horst P. Horst. © Condé Nast/Horst americanhistory .si edu. 202-633-1000 Estate. Art and Design in the Modern Age: Horst P . Horst (1906-99) photographed the exquisite Selections from the Wolfsonian creations of couturiers such as Chanel, Schiaparelli, and Collection The Wolfsonian, Miami Beach, FL Vionnet in 1930s Paris and helped launch the careers of many wolfsonian .org/305-531-1001 models . Horst: Photographer of Style, a definitive retrospective of his work on view at the Victoria & Albert Museum in The Art of J . C . Leyendecker: Selections from the Museum London from September 6 through January 4, 2015, displays Collection Horst’s best-known photographs alongside unpublished and The Haggin Museum, Stockton, CA rarely exhibited vintage prints and examines his creative hagginmuseum .org/209-940-6300 process through archival film footage, original contact sheets, Downtown Deco, Chicago Board sketchbooks, and letters . The exhibition also features a re- of Trade, and Merchandise Mart creation of Horst’s 1940s studio . Walking Tours Riverfront Deco Walking and Trolley Tour Chicago Architecture Foundation architecture .org/312-922-3432 Thru May 6 Getty Center, Los Angeles, CA Hollywood Costume: Celebrating Cincinnati Union Terminal Rotunda Made in Hollywood: Photographs getty .edu ./310-440-7300 More Than 100 Years of Cinema from the John Kobal Foundation Storytelling Tours Thru June 8 Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Cincinnati History Museum The Bay Bridge: A Work in Progress, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ Richmond, VA Cincinnati, OH 1933-1936 phxart .org/602-257-1222 vmfa .state va. .us/804-340-1400 cincymuseum .org/513-287-7031 de Young Museum Thru July 13 Art Deco Walking Tour of Los Thru May 11 San Francisco, CA In the Streets: Photographing Urban Angeles Archibald Motley: Jazz Age deyoung .famsf .org/415-750-3600 Spaces Modernist The John & Mable Ringling Los Angeles Conservancy Thru June 15 Nasher Museum of Art at Duke Los Angeles CA Alexandre Hogue: The Erosion Series Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL University, Durham, NC laconservancy .org/213-623-2489 Dallas Museum of Art ringling .org/941-359-5700 nasher .duke .edu/919-684-5135 Art Deco Walks dallasmuseumofart .org Thru August 17 Art Deco Society of California Thru May 11 214-922-1200 Modern American Realism: The Sara Remaking Tradition: Modern Art Roby Foundation Collection San Francisco, CA Thru June 22 of Japan from the Tokyo National artdecosociety .org/415-982-3326 Industrial Sublime: Modernism and Smithsonian American Art Museum the Transformation of New York’s Museum, Washington, DC Downtown Deco, Art Deco Marina, Cleveland Museum of Art Rivers, 1900-1940 americanart .si .edu/202-633-7970 Coit Tower Murals, and Controversial Cleveland, OH Norton Museum of Art Murals of Rincon Center Walking clevelandart .org/216-421-7350 Thru September 1 Tours West Palm Beach, FL Italian Futurism, 1909-1944: San Francisco City Guides Thru May 11 norton .org/561-832-5196 Reconstructing the Universe Frank Lloyd Wright: Building the Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY sfcityguides .org/415-557-4266 Thru June 22 Imperial Hotel The Left Front: Radical Art in the guggenheim .org/new-york Miami Beach Art Deco District and Frist Center for the Visual Arts “Red Decade,” 1929-1940 212-423-3587 MiMo (Miami Modern) on the Beach Nashville, TN Mary & Leigh Block Museum of Guided Walking Tours fristcenter .org/615-244-3340 Thru September Self-Guided Art Deco Architectural Art, Evanston, IL Vivian Vance Audio Tour Thru May 18 blockmuseum .northwestern .edu Albuquerque Museum of Art and Miami Design Preservation League Echoes and Origins: Italian Interwar 847-491-4000 History, Albuquerque, NM Design cabq .gov/culturalservices/ Miami Beach, FL Thru June 30 The Wolfsonian, Miami Beach, FL mdpl .org/305-672-2014 Posters of the Vienna Secession, albuquerque-museum wolfsonian .org/305-531-1001 505-243-7255 Guided Art Deco Walking, Bus, and 1898-1919 Vintage Car Tours Thru June 1 Degenerate Art: The Attack on Thru September 21 Self-guided Art Deco Walking, Bike, Frank Lloyd Wright and the City: Modern Art in Nazi Germany, 1937 Designing Modern Women, 1890-1990s and Driving Tours Density vs . Dispersal Neue Galerie, New York, NY Museum of Modern Art Art Deco Trust Museum of Modern Art neuegalerie .org/212-628-6200 New York, NY New York, NY moma .org/212-708-9400 Napier, New Zealand Thru July 6 artdeconapier .com/+64 6 835 0022 moma .org/212-708-9400 IN PROGRESS Thru June 1 Jackson Pollock’s Mural

6 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine DECO SPOTLIGHT Exhibitions, tours, lectures & special events of interest to Art Deco enthusiasts

COMING IN 2014 May 17 All Wright 2014 Housewalk April 25-July 27 Southwestern Allure: The Art of the Oak Park, IL Santa Fe Art Colony Frank Lloyd Wright Trust New Mexico Museum of Art gowright .org/877-848-3559 Santa Fe, NM May 21-September 7 nmartmuseum .org/505-476-5072 Dream Cars: Innovative Design, Visionary Ideas April 26 Selling Good Design: High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA Promoting the Early Modern high .org/404-733-4444 Interior May 23 Marilyn F . Friedman French World’s Fairs and Chicago Art Deco Society Ocean Liners chicagoartdecosociety .com Pascal Laurent 312-280-9097 The Houses of Tomorrow Keith Bringe May 7 Hildreth Meière: Designing Chicago Art Deco Society/ for Chicago Chicago Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians/Alliance Kathleen Murphy Skolnik Francaise, Chicago, IL Newberry Library, Chicago, IL chicagoartdecosociety .com newberry .org/312-943-9090 312-280-9097 May 8 Hildreth Meière and the May 24-September 7 Ivo Pannaggi, Speeding Train (Treno in corsa), 1922, oil Classical Roots of Art Deco Carl Van Vechten: Photographer to the Stars on canvas, Fondazione Carima–Museo Palazzo Ricci, Kathleen Murphy Skolnik Macerata, Italy. Photo courtesy of Fondazione Cassa di Chicago Art Deco Society/ Cedar Rapids Museum of Art Chicago-Midwest Chapter of the Cedar Rapids, IA risparmio della Provincia di Macerata. Institute of Classical Architecture crma .org/319-366-7503 and Art, Chicago, IL June 4-August 24 This painting is one of more than 300 works featured in Italian chicagoartdecosociety .com Paul Strand: The Mexican Portfolio Futurism, 1909-1944: Reconstructing the Universe, the first 312-280-9097 McNay Art Museum comprehensive overview of Italian Futurism to be presented in San Antonio, TX May 8-August 10 the United States . The multidisciplinary exhibition, on view at the Charles James: Beyond Fashion mcnayart .org/210-824-5368 Guggenheim Museum in New York through September 1, 2014, Metropolitan Museum of Art June 28-September 28 encompasses not only painting and sculpture, but also architecture, New York, NY I Have Seen the Future/Norman Bel design, ceramics, fashion, film, photography, advertising, free-form metmuseum .org/212-535-7710 Geddes Designs America poetry, publications, music, theater, and performance . The Wolfsonian, Miami Beach, FL May 10 The Art Deco Preservation Ball wolfsonian .org/305-531-1001 Art Deco Society of California, July 27-October 26 San Francisco, CA Hard Times, Oklahoma, 1939-40 September 14 October 19-January 11, 2015 artdecosociety .org/415-982-3326 Philbrook Museum of Art Gatsby Summer Afternoon Surrealist Photography: The Tulsa, OK Art Deco Society of California Raymond Collection May 10-October 19 San Francisco, CA Cleveland Museum of Art Deco Japan: Shaping Art and philbrook .org/918-749-7941 artdecosociety .org/415-982-3326 Cleveland, OH Culture, 1920-1945 August 29-September 1 clevelandart .org/216-421-7350 Seattle Asian Art Museum Queen Mary Art Deco Festival September 20 Seattle, WA Long Beach, CA Chicagoland Vintage Clothing, October 24 seattleartmuseum .org Art Deco Society of Los Angeles Jewelry and Textile Show & Sale Cincinnati’s Art Deco Architecture 206-654-3100 adsla .org/310-659-3326 Hemmens Cultural Center, Elgin, IL Cincinnati History Museum, catspajamaproductions .net Cincinnati, OH May 16-September 14 September 6-January 4, 2015 612-208-1085 cincymuseum .org/513-287-7031 Rising Up: Hale Woodruff’s Murals Horst: Photographer of Style at Talledega College Victoria & Albert Museum September 22 October 31-March 22 New Orleans Museum of Art London, England DecoRadio: The Most Helena Rubinstein: Beauty is Power New Orleans, LA vam .ac .uk/+44 (0) 20 7942 2000 Beautiful Radios Ever Made The Jewish Museum, New York, NY noma .org/504-658-4100 Peter Sheridan thejewishmuseum .org September 9-January 4, 2015 Chicago Art Deco Society 212-423-3200 May 17 The Making of Gone With The Wind Chicago, IL Avalon Ball, Avalon, Santa Catalina December 13-February 15, 2015 Harry Ransom Center, University chicagoartdecosociety .com Island, CA Lure of Mexico of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 312-280-9097 Art Deco Society of Los Angeles hrc .utexas .edu/512-471-8944 Fort Wayne Museum of Art adsla .org/310-659-3326 Fort Wayne, IN fwmoa .org/260-422-6467

Spring 2014 7 ART DECO AT AUCTION A look at significant Art Deco sales

Félix Marcilhac Art DecO COlle

Paul Iribe, Nautilus chair, 1913 .

Jean-Michel Frank, pair of shagreen-covered armchairs, c .1928 . Jean-Michel Frank, gypsum and bronze cabinet, c . 1935 .

ver the past forty Last year Marcilhac announced of $556,016-834,024 years, art historian, his plans to retire from the and set a world Oauthor, and Paris gallery, turn its operation over auction record gallery owner Félix Marcilhac to his son, and spend most of his for the French has assembled an outstanding time in Marrakech . On March designer . According collection of decorative objects, 11 and 12, Sotheby’s Paris, in to Cécile Verdier, paintings, lighting, and furniture association with Artcurial, sold head of 20th Century from the early decades of the more than 300 masterpieces Decorative Arts & twentieth century, including from Marcilhac’s Paris townhouse Design, Sotheby’s works by such masters as Gustave at auction . The sale attracted Europe, Frank’s Miklos, Paul Iribe, Marcel Coard, nearly 600 registered bidders use of gypsum, a Pierre Legrain, Jean-Michel Frank, and brought in more than $34 mineral with a flaky, Jean Dunand and Jean Goulden, and Jean Dunand . In 1969, he million, well above the pre-sale crystalline appearance polychrome lacquered chest, 1921 . opened Galerie Félix Marcilhac on estimate of $12 1-15. .5 million . It that gave the cabinet Rue Bonaparte, a short distance set twenty-one auction records, an “opalescent gleam,” was table from 1925 once owned by from Boulevard Saint-Germain . including one for the sale of “unprecedented in the history of Elsa Schiaparelli, which brought The gallery became a mecca decorative arts at Sotheby’s . furniture ”. The auction featured $519,180 (pre-sale estimate, for devotees of Art Deco and several other designs by Frank, $278,008-347,510) . Art Nouveau . Over the years, The highest seller was a unique including a pair of shagreen- such major Art Deco collectors circa 1935 cabinet by Jean-Michel covered wood armchairs, circa Another record setter was an as Yves Saint-Laurent, Karl Frank (1895-1941) with gypsum 1928, which sold for $1,036,275 iconic 1913 Nautilus chair from Lagerfeld, Catherine Deneuve, panels set in a bronze frame . (pre-sale estimate, $347,510- French designer Paul Iribe (1883- and Andy Warhol have sought The top bid of $5,117,433 greatly 417,012) and a shagreen, oak, 1935), which drew $1,086,317 as Marcilhac’s guidance . exceeded the pre-sale estimate and mirrored glass dressing compared to a pre-sale estimate

8 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine ART DECO AT AUCTION A look at significant Art Deco sales ctiOn Sets RecOrds At SOtheby’s

Pierre Legrain, perforated metal Marcel Coard, Cubist chair, 1920 . Gustave Miklos, Tête, 1928 . console table, 1924 .

of $208,506-278,008 . The high- sale of a rosewood and vellum 1928, Tête, sold for $1,128,018, backed, carved walnut chair had a armchair with mother-of-pearl several times above the pre-sale graceful gondola shape and slightly inlay, which brought $619,263 (pre- estimate of $278,008-347,510, tapered feet embellished with sale estimate, $278,008-347,510) . and a 1921 painting, Figures et carved acanthus leaves . It was The Cubist-inspired chair with Chien, set a record for a painting signed and dated . interlocking volumes was designed by the artist, selling for $252,293 in 1920 for Jacques Doucet, whose (pre-sale estimate, $139,004- A perforated nickel-plated metal mother-of-pearl and Macassar 166,805) . console table with a glass top set ebony convex vitrine, also by a record for its designer, Pierre Coard, is now in the collection of Another auction highlight was Legrain (1889-1929), selling for the Musée des Arts Décoratifs a unique English-style black and $852,790, well above the pre-sale in Paris . The chair was originally polychrome lacquered chest estimate of $139,004-166,805 . upholstered in a fabric embroidered with birdseye maple, dated The 1924 table, which Verdier with silver thread to a design by 1921, a collaboration of Jean characterized as an “icon of Gustave Miklos (1888-1967) and is Dunand (1877-1942) and Jean modernism,” was once in the the only known collaboration of the Goulden (1878-1946), both of home of arts patron Marie- two designers . whom signed it . An abstract Laure de Noailles, who owned landscape evocative of North it for almost fifty years. A 1938 A sculpture by Miklos, purchased Africa complements the pure, photograph by Cecil Beaton shows in 1967 formed the foundation simple lines of the cabinet, which her posing in front of the table . of Marcilhac’s collection, and was featured on the cover of several works by the Hungarian- the auction catalogue . It sold A record price for Marcel Coard born artist were in the auction . A for $469,139 (pre-sale estimate, Gustave Miklos, Figures et Chien, 1921 . (1889-1974) was set with the patinated bronze sculpture from $417,012-556,016 ). n Photos by Art Digital Studio courtesy of Sotheby’s .

Spring 2014 9 Detail of a fisherman’s head in the Foro Italico . Roman Architecture of the Inter-War Years

By Robin Grow (and to be considered in architectural competitions) if they supported the state—at least on the surface . After traveling from their home in Melbourne, Australia to Paris, where they visited the Art Deco retrospective exhibition and The 1930s saw many wonderful Modernist designs other Deco sites, Robin Grow and Robyn Saalfield headed to constructed in the Eternal City . Mussolini was determined Rome in search of Italian Deco . In this article, Robin, who is the to modernize Rome, and the years 1922 to 1943 saw much president of the Art Deco and Modernism Society of Melbourne of the city reconfigured for monumental “Rationalist” and a major contributor to that Society’s magazine, the Spirit of architecture . These efforts often involved the construction Progress, describes their discoveries in the Italian capital . of massive straight avenues and sometimes revealed the remains of ancient structures as older areas and run-down A trip to Rome guarantees visits to layer upon layer of buildings were demolished . historic buildings, including ancient ruins from the Roman Empire . But what if you are looking for Art Deco in The regime commissioned a series of piazzas, fountains, Rome? A Google search will yield a couple pages, mainly post offices, bridges, railway stations, community halls, Entrance to the Hotel highlighting the Hotel Mediterraneo (Best Western), located government offices, police/military buildings, airports, Mediterraneo, 1936, near Termini Station, advertised as “10 floors of true and churches, hospitals, schools, including a university, and billed as “a rare example original Art Deco ”. But Rome is a wonderful walking city sports facilities . We walked to the vast Piazza Augusto of original Art Deco style ”. and negotiating the streets among the hordes of visitors Imperatore, adjacent to the Tiber, designed to honor the clutching their guidebooks will inevitably ancient emperor Augustus . Here we found a number of reveal occasional examples of Deco . multi-story buildings designed by Vittorio Morpuggo and completed between 1937 and 1941 . The facades display Not to say that there was no major design illustrations from the history of Rome, images of Fascist in Rome and other Italian cities in the military prowess and weaponry, and scenes of work, family, inter-war period . But rather than being and sporting events . labelled Art Deco, it was called Modernist, as in much of Europe, or Rationalist, a Trains to Rome arrive at Termini Station, designed in 1938, term peculiar to Italy . These were buildings partially constructed by 1942, and finally finished in 1950. constructed under a totalitarian state— A striking feature of the station is the colossal colonnade, Benito Mussolini’s Fascist government . Many with its two levels of semi-circular openings facing Via of the designers were gifted and dedicated Giovanni Gillotti . Railway stations were a major plank of the to modernism as opposed to revivalism, government’s platform, with many, including those in Rome, but found themselves working within the Florence, Sienna, and Venice, designed by architect Angiolo constraints of the state . They did not Mazzoni . He won the commissions through his Fascist necessarily have to subscribe to the tenets connections, including his marriage to the daughter of the of Fascism, but it was easier to obtain work Minister of Communications, Galeazzo Ciano .

Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale in the Piazza Augusto Imperatore, 1938-40, exterior and Post office in Via Marmorata, 1935, exterior and postal hall. detail of relief showing fasces .

10 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine Obelisk in the Foro Italico, 1932 . of the Inter-War Years

Mazzoni was also responsible for many post offices, highly it is a monument to Modernism; many of the buildings are important structures that symbolized the central role of the overwhelming, which was the intention of the Fascist state . state . A short subway ride to the Piramide stop leads to the EUR differs from the chaos found in the rest of Rome—the acclaimed post office on Via Marmorata, completed in 1935 streets are wide, the traffic is reasonable, the buildings are to a design by Mario de Renzi and Adalberto Libera . We set back and well-organized, and it is becoming uber-cool admired not only the exterior of the marble-clad U-shaped to be located there . This area also contains my favorite building, with its columned portico and gallery finished in building in Rome, the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana (1938- glass blocks, but also the internal design with its extended 43), generally referred to as the Square Colosseum . It is hall and internal staircases (and we appreciated being able to immediately visible leaving the train and provides a great take images without any hassle!) . introduction to a wonderful Modernist area . The architect responsible for the overall design of EUR was Marcello Many Fascist buildings utilized traditional materials like Piacentini, a major government supporter who could not marble to cover the large naked walls that reflected the have achieved his position at EUR without Fascist party aesthetics of Rationalism/Modernism . Interior decorations membership . included not only abstract sculpture but also images of Mussolini . Many also incorporated Fascist symbolism, Along with government-sponsored activity, which particularly the fasces—a bundle of rods tied together established an ideological connection between architecture to represent the strength of the community that stood and Fascist politics, the inter-war years were characterized Inter-war apartment block . together . But Mussolini emphasized another image—a large by much private (and co-operative) axe-head, presumably a reminder to citizens that the state development across Rome, including had the power of life and death over them . commercial offices, shops, banks, houses, boathouses, cinemas, and bars . We enjoyed Following the Second World War, symbols of the walking around the area near the u .S . defeated regimes were often removed from buildings Embassy where we saw commercial buildings, by victorious enemy troops or by new governments . such as the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro However, numerous examples of the Italian fasces remain with its friezes depicting various commercial on buildings throughout Italy, as do references to “Il Duce ”. activities . The entrance to the Foro Italica (formerly Foro Mussolini) includes a large obelisk from 1932 inscribed “Mussolini Dux,” Rome has many distinctive neighborhoods and the athletic arena is surrounded by statues of athletes that were developed in the inter-war period . engaged in a variety of sports . Located in the inner north area is the small and quirky Quartiere Coppedé, a showcase Perhaps the most striking example of 1930s architecture of fantastic designs combining Art Nouveau, is in the district known as EUR (Espozisione Universale di Roma) . Begun in 1937 and designed for a 1942 exposition,

Ice-hockey goalie and falconer, Foro Italico .

Spring 2014 11 Far left: Palazzo dei Congressi at EUR, designed in 1938 but not completed until 1954 .

Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana (Square Colosseum) at EUR, 1938-43 .

reached by Metro, that provides a fascinating walking tour well away from the tourists at the ancient sites . The suburb originated as a social experiment in the 1920s when the Fascist government developed a planned garden suburb for Banca Nazionale del Lavoro near Via Veneto, Byzantine, medieval, and classical the working classes . Numerous apartments were built on entrance and relief depicting commerce . styles, with a dash of Art Deco and the twisting streets, organized into more than thirty lotti flourishes from other periods as well. (lots or blocks), each different but similar and each identified The structures are attributable to the by a stylish street sign . Within each lotti are two- or three- eccentric Florentine architect Gino story buildings in various shades of burnt orange and pale Coppedé, who commenced the work red set around central courtyards and communal gardens . in about 1919 . Over the next few A stylish communal hall anchors the area . On the Saturday years he completed buildings adorned morning when we visited, the hall was being used as a local with mosaic-tiled archways, intricate produce market . brickwork, turrets, towers, and log- gias . The three- to six-story buildings The largest church in Garbatella is that of Saint Francis Xavier are all grouped around the Fountain (c . 1933), striking for its lack of color or embellishment—save of Spitting Frogs, eight fat stone frogs for an appealing “noughts and crosses” pattern . Another spitting water into the basin . Tucked impressive building is the Teatro Palladium, constructed in behind the main streets of Quartiere 1929-30 as a theater and cinema and recently restored to Trieste between piazza Buenos Aires hold regular cultural programs, including music, dance, and and via Tagliamento, the Quartiere theater . Although some apartment units remain as public Coppedé is not easy to find and is not housing, in the 1990s many were sold to private owners— even listed in many guidebooks . But most, apparently, to Garbatella residents . The social history looking for it is half the fun, and we of the suburb illustrates how things don’t always work out as enjoyed walking through the sur- planned . Although constructed by the Fascist government, rounding districts of stylish apartment the suburb later became a center for anti-Fascist resentment blocks, sometimes constructed of during the Nazi occupation of Rome and in the 1970s, it was glass and steel and often with elegant a hotbed of Communist activities . rounded balconies . Exploring Rome is great fun, even more so if you are searching We also explored Garbatella, another for buildings from the twentieth century . We can’t wait to go quirky little pocket of Rome, easily back and continue our search in other Italian cities . n

Church of Saint Francis Xavier, Garbatella, c . 1933, dome and entrance .

Street sign in Garbatella .

12 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine A photo essay by Glenn Rogers

This past January, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel announced a new initiative aimed at increasing Chicago tourism to 55 million visitors by the year 2020 . Among the components is a plan to make Chicago “North America’s city of lights ”. To achieve this vision, Emanuel is launching an international competition that will solicit proposals for illuminating the city’s buildings, parks, bridges, roads, and open spaces . But Glenn Rogers’ dramatic nighttime photos show that many of Chicago’s Deco masterpieces are already adding brilliance to the city’s skyline .

Spring 2014 13 Chicago Board of Trade Building Holabird & Root, 1930 This Chicago landmark lights up the foot of La Salle Street . Floodlights illuminate the building’s multiple setbacks and the relief sculptures flanking the clock by Alvin Meyers . Adding sparkle to the nighttime skyline is the aluminum sculpture of Ceres by John Storrs that tops the central tower .

Lake Shore Drive Bridge This 1937 double-leaf bascule bridge with sleek Art Deco bridge houses is among the historic Chicago River bridges distinguished since the late 1990s by decorative lighting in various hues .

Carbide & Carbon Building Burnham Bros ., 1929 The gold-leaf trim on the slender dark- green terra-cotta tower of this Deco gem, now the Hard Rock Hotel, glistens with the onset of dusk . Interior lighting highlights the intricate Deco-patterned grillwork above the entrance .

14 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine La Salle-Wacker Building Holabird & Root with Rebori, Wentworth, Dewey & McCormick, 1930 A navigational beacon once topped this elegant skyscraper, named for its location at the “gateway to finance.” The floodlights washing its facade at night emphasize the deep setbacks, and the colored lights just below the illuminated spire change with the season .

Merchandise Mart Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, 1931 This limestone-clad monolith on the north bank of the Chicago River was designed to house wholesale showrooms for Marshall Field and Company and other retailers . With nearly four million square feet, it was the largest structure in the country until the construction of the Pentagon . At night, light bathes the two subtle setbacks at the top of the main block and the upper levels of the turreted central tower and corner bays .

Esquire Theater Pereira & Pereira, 1938 The Esquire Theater marquee still brightens Oak Street in this photo . Today the original streamlined structure is barely recognizable, and the marquee is no more, although the vertical sign remains in place . The theater closed in 2006 and is now home to high-end boutiques and an upscale steakhouse .

Spring 2014 15 Palmolive Building Holabird & Root, 1929 The nighttime illumination on this handsome Art Deco skyscraper, originally an office building and now a luxury residential condo- minium, emphasizes its sculptural facade with six levels of graduated setbacks . The 150-foot mast topping the building once supported a beacon for aerial navigation, intended to be named the Lindbergh Beacon for Charles Lindbergh, who never acknowledged the honor . The beacon was partially shielded in 1968, extinguished in 1981, and replaced with a stationary light in 1990 . A new beacon, installed in 2007, now moves in an arc focused only over Lake Michigan .

One North La Salle Street Vitzhum & Burns, 1930 The nighttime illumination of this stepped-back skyscraper accentuates the intricate metalwork at the entrance . Beyond the doors is one of the most lavishly decorated Art Deco lobbies in Chicago, with peacock sconces, elegant grillwork, and graceful female figures in bas relief on the elevator doors.

1933/34 Century of Progress International Exposition Hall of Science, Paul Philippe Cret Federal Building, Edward H . Bennett and Arthur Brown, Jr . Lighting was an integral feature of the Century of Progress . As the official guidebook stated, “with the coming of night, millions of lights flash skyward, a symphony of illumination.” The fair pavilions are long gone, but the dazzling lighting effects live on in vintage postcards from the collection of Glenn Rogers .

16 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine The Deco Delights of Paris

The Fall 2013 issue of CADS Magazine previewed 1925, When Art Deco Dazzled the World, a retrospective exhibition at the Cité de l’architecture & du patrimoine, which closed in March in Paris . Several members attending the exhibition from CADS and other U .S . and international Art Deco societies also visited some of the locations listed in “Outside the Museum Doors,” an inventory of Deco sites in and around Paris compiled for that issue by CADS Magazine Copy Editor/Proofreader Linda Levendusky . Read what they have to say about those and other Paris Deco attractions .

Robin Simon, Chicago, Illinois CADS Member A monumental oil painting by Jean Dupas titled La Vigne et le Palais de la Porte Doree Vin (The Vine and the Wine) greeted visitors to 1925, When Art When a work-related project took me to Brussels, only Deco Dazzled the World . The painting, created for the 1925 a 90-minute express train ride away from Paris, I had my Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels opportunity to visit the Art Deco exhibition described Modernes, originally hung in the Bordeaux pavilion, which in CADS Magazine . I brought along the list of sites in Paris showcased the French wine industry . Parked below the “outside the walls” of the museum, in case I had extra painting is a Bugatti type 40 . Photo by Robert Bradshaw . time to fit in another Deco attraction. Being a big fan of anything having to do with world’s fairs, I went to the one remaining building from the Colonial Exposition of 1931 and was not disappointed . (Since 2007, the building has housed colonies by presenting the history of the French empire the National Museum of the History of Immigration, which and highlighting the artistic and economic contributions of covers the history and culture of immigration in France from the colonies . The French government hoped to encourage the early nineteenth century to the present ). investment in and migration to its overseas territories . Other countries participating in the exposition included Over 33 million tickets were sold to the Colonial Exposition Belgium, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United of 1931, which took place from May through November Kingdom, and the United States . near the Bois de Vincennes, on the eastern edge of the city . This was one of several world’s fairs Paris hosted, the two The “Palais des Colonies” is a monumental building designed most famous being the Universal Exposition of 1889 (which by architect Albert Laprade . One source describes it as “a introduced the Eiffel Tower) and the Art Deco expo of synthesis of the Art Deco style, classic French architecture, 1925 . The purpose of this fair was to celebrate the French Moroccan architecture and elements freely inspired by the art of the [French] colonies ”. It was designated a national historic monument in 1987 . Although some Palais des Colonies of the Art Deco interior spaces were designed and decorated by familiar names like Edgar Brandt and Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann, it was the gigantic bas- relief panels on the exterior of the facade that really caught my attention . This “tapestry of stone” was designed by sculptor Albert Auguste Janniot and completed in less than two years . Educated at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Janniot was known for his monumental architectural sculpture, including some Art Deco relief work on Rockefeller Center in New York City .

The huge panels show the richness and diversity of the people, wildlife, plants, and products of the French colonies of the time . The idealized depictions can be seen as imperial propaganda with imposing and muscular people, savage yet

Spring 2014 17 Le Grand Rex

Martel Brothers Home and Studio Folies Bergère

luxurious nature, and recognizable Roberta Nusim, New York, New York ethnic groups with stereotypical features President, Art Deco Society of New York based on the ethnographic theories of RUE MALLET-STEVENS the day . It is interesting to note that the Exploring the neighborhood near Rue Mallet-Stevens was people are sculpted in profile but their magical and the highlight of my very short stay in Paris . shoulders face forward, reminiscent Among the residences on the street itself are Robert Mallet- of Egyptian art (which is commonly Stevens’ own home and the home and studio he designed for referenced in Art Deco) . Moving from the Martel brothers, which has one of their sculptures out left to right on the main (south) facade, front . Asking directions of an elderly woman, I struck gold the panels represent the colonies in because first, she spoke English very well and second, she Africa, such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, told me she lived on one of the private gated streets nearby . Chad, Congo, and Cameroon; and Asia, When I explained my interest, she gave me the code to the including Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos . gate so that I could wander around places not generally seen The east facade shows the South Sea by visitors . I felt as though I were back in time as I explored Islands, which include Tahiti and Papua a treasure trove of Modernist buildings! New Guinea, among others, and the west facade depicts the Americas, including Graeme Rudd, Sydney, Australia Martinique, Guadeloupe, and St . Martin . Member, Art Deco and Modernism Society of Melbourne Passage du Prado After the fair, the building housed the From the late 1700s through the mid-1800s, more than 100 Museum of Overseas France until about covered passageways were constructed throughout Paris . 1960 . By 1962, almost all the French About twenty survive today, including the Passage du Prado colonies had become independent in the 10th arrondissement near the Porte Saint-Denis . countries and the museum shifted its focus to become the Museum of African The L-shaped Passage du Prado dates to 1785 and was and South Sea Islands Art . It continued originally known as the Passage du Bois de Boulogne, named to house that art museum until 2006 for the public dances once held there . It was initially an open- when the collection was moved to the air arcade with a glass-roofed rotunda at the junction of the newly completed Museé du Quai Branly . two arms . The glass canopy was added in 1925 . The Art Deco It is somewhat ironic that the building details of the ironwork supporting the canopy can still be that once paid homage to the riches appreciated, despite the passage’s dilapidated condition . of the far-flung French colonies now highlights the history and contributions Folies Bergère Passage du Prado of immigrants to France . French architect Plumeret designed the building that now houses the Folies Bergère as an elegant opera house . But when it opened in 1869 as the Folies Trévise, the theater offered popular entertainment like comic operas and acrobatic acts . It became the Folies Bergère in 1872 .

18 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine Robert Mallet-Stevens Fire Station

Interior, Maison de la Mutualité

Martel Tree Sculpture

In the 1920s, architect and interior designer Maurice Picaud, Fire Station, Robert Mallet known as “Pico,” designed a new Art Deco facade for the Stevens building . The large bas-relief of an exuberant danseuse over In 1935, French architect and designer Robert the entrance is featured on the cover of the catalogue that Mallet-Stevens designed a fire station in the accompanied the exhibition 1925, When Art Deco Dazzled the 16th arrondissement, said to have been his only World . During a recent renovation of the building, gold leaf public project. The station exemplifies the replaced the copper foil that originally accented the reliefs . paqueboat or steamboat style, named for its nautical details . In the 1920s, the Folies Bergère featured such entertainers as Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, and Josephine Baker, who Robin Grow, Melbourne, Australia, performed on its stage wearing only her infamous banana skirt . President, Art Deco and Modernism Society of Melbourne Le Grand Rex Tree Sculpture, Musée des Not far from the Passage du Prado is Le Grand Rex, one Années 30, Boulogne-Billancourt of the largest cinemas in Europe . The 1932 Art Deco One of the most stunning exhibits from the 1925 theater was designed by Auguste Bluysen . American theater Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et designer John Eberson, known for his atmospheric movie Industriels Modernes in Paris was a series of four palaces, served as consulting architect . The Moroccan- concrete trees, each five meters high and painted white. inspired auditorium with its star-studded dome mimicking Part of a “winter” garden, each had a cruciform trunk the night sky is the work of Maurice Dufrene . During supporting quadrangular planes attached vertically and the German occupation of Paris, the Rex became the at angles, suggesting foliage . The sculptures were a Soldatenkino, a theater reserved for German soldiers collaboration between the legendary French designer Robert Mallet-Stevens, and the Martel brothers, Joël and Robert Bradshaw, Dublin, Ireland Jan . The trees were symbolic of the Modernist approach CADS Member to garden design and also demonstrated the delicacy of Maison de la Mutualité construction that could be achieved with concrete . Maison de la Mutualité in the heart of the Latin Quarter was designed by Victor Lesage and Charles Mitget as the The reaction of the public varied between “curiosity headquarters of a federation of nonprofit mutual insurers . and hostility” and the uncompromisingly Modernist Since its inauguration in 1931, the building has hosted garden was derided in the popular press of the day . political rallies, conferences, concerts, and even boxing One cartoon depicted a baffled gardener debating matches . Its theater originally held 1,789 seats, a reference whether to water them . The trees were destroyed to the French Revolution . Four years ago, a major when the exhibition closed . But during a recent trip to renovation of la Mutualité was undertaken under the the wonderful Musée des Années 30 (Museum of the leadership of architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte . During the 30s) in Boulogne-Billancourt, I was delighted to see a two-year project, Art Deco moldings and frescoes original replica of one standing proudly in the forecourt . n to the building were uncovered, and other features that had been lost were reproduced .

Spring 2014 19 DECO PRESERVATION CADS Launches Partners in Preservation— Preservation successes, failures, and alerts Architectural Sister Sites

By Kathleen Murphy Skolnik Nick’s Uptown Safe—For Now In December, the Commission on Chicago Landmarks voted to adopt the preliminary landmark recommendation for the Cairo Supper Club Building at 4015- 4017 North Sheridan Road, known most recently as Nick’s Uptown bar .

Located in the Buena Park Historic District, this visually distinctive Egyptian Revival building, a rarity in Chicago, was designed by Paul Gerhardt, Sr ., best known as the designer of Cook County Hospital and The Cairo Supper Club Building, Paul Gerhardt, Sr ., 1920 . a number of Chicago schools, including Lane Technical, Van The original tenant of the Cairo good physical integrity . The Steuben, and Du Sable . The Supper Club Building, then report points out that changes, Northwestern Terra Cotta called the Winston Building, was primarily a new, slightly recessed Company produced the the Overland-Phillips Motor storefront, are relatively minor multicolored terra cotta that Car Company . It later became and do not impact the building’s clads the one-story structure . a showroom for Marmon and historic and architectural Its exotic Egyptian-influenced Hupmobile automobiles . After significance. decorative motifs include lotus World War II, the building opened capitals topping the columns, as first the Cairo Lounge and then The preliminary landmark status polychromatic molding, and a later the Cairo Supper Club . A is no guarantee that the Cairo striped concave or “cavetto” popular North Side night spot in Supper Club Building will become cornice with a large winged- the 1950s and 1960s, it featured a city landmark . Several steps scarab medallion at its center . acts such as hypnotist Marshall remain before the Chicago Brodien, known later as “Wizzo City Council considers the Harold Carter’s discovery of the the Wizard” on The Bozo Show, Commission’s recommendation, tomb of King Tutankhamen in and exotic dancers with names and no action is likely in the 1922 prompted a fascination with like Emilia Greca and Kismet . The immediate future . At its March 6 all things Egyptian . The years that Cairo Supper Club closed in 1964 meeting, the Commission granted followed saw the completion of after being firebombed. From 2000 the property owner’s request Grauman’s Egyptian Theater in to 2013, its former site was home for a 120-day extension to the Hollywood (1922), the Pythian to Nick’s Uptown . The sale of the request-for-consent period, Temple in New York (1927), and building last September to Thorek which was scheduled to expire on the Egyptian Theater in DeKalb Memorial Hospital raised concerns June 27, 2014 . n (1929) . The 1920 Cairo Supper that it would be demolished . Club Building, however, predates this discovery . The Preliminary The staff’s report identifies Exotic Egyptian- Source of Information report several criteria that qualify the influenced prepared by the Commission building for landmark designation, motifs include staff attributes the interest including its rare and unusual lotus capitals, in ancient Egyptian culture in Egyptian-revival style, the fine polychromatic Chicago at that time to the craftsmanship and detailing in molding, a striped early twentieth century work of the multicolored terra cotta, “cavetto” cornice, Egyptologist and University of the significance of its architect, and a winged- Chicago professor James Henry Paul Gerhardt, Sr ., its visual scarab medallion . Breasted and the opening of the distinctiveness and uniqueness Images courtesy of Oriental Institute in 1919 . in the context of the Uptown the Commission on community area, and its very Chicago Landmarks .

20 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine CADS Launches Partners in Preservation— Architectural Sister Sites

By Kathleen Murphy Skolnik

The 12th World Congress on Art Deco, Camagüey’s Provincial Center of Cultural held in Havana, Cuba in March 2013, Heritage with three goals: offered a post-tour to five Cuban cities n Increase awareness of Art Deco to the east—Cienfuegos, Trinidad, architecture, interiors, and Camagüey, Holguín, and Santiago de decorative arts in Camagüey and Cuba . The group, which included CADS Chicago, President Joe Loundy and myself, received warm welcomes at each stop, but we n Disseminate and publish news of felt a special affinity with Camagüey, a preservation efforts, city between Havana and Santiago de n Facilitate communication between Cuba with a population of approximately architects, historians, and preservation 320,000 . We enjoyed a reception, viewed professionals in the two cities . an exhibition organized for the event, attended a special lecture program, As a first step, I traveled to Camagüey in received Deco sculptures created February to begin a collaborative research especially for us, and toured Camagüey The logo of the Art Deco Society project with Wilfredo related to the by bici-taxi . of Camagüey is derived from this building that once housed the offices of ornamental motif, found on Art Deco the Cuban Consolidated Railroads . The While sharing a bici-taxi, Joe and I also buildings throughout the city . exterior design of the building, completed shared our thoughts about Camagüey . in 1925, is an example of Eclecticism, a We were both very impressed style of architecture popular by the large number of Art in Cuba during the early part Deco buildings, primarily small of the twentieth century, and residential structures, and by the incorporates a few Art Deco enthusiasm and commitment of elements, primarily in the the Deco community, especially grillwork . Art Deco, however, Wilfredo Rodríguez Ramos, was the style chosen for the executive secretary of the Art design of the interior courtyard . Deco Society of Camagüey and The building now houses director of the Camagüey chapter government offices. Construction of DOCOMOMO (Documentation of the building was funded in part and Preservation of the Modern by North American interests . Movement) . As we explored the My role in this project is to city, we discussed strategies for research archival sources in the increasing communication about Art United States and Canada that may have Deco preservation between Chicago and documents or correspondence related to Camagüey . its unusual design .

Initially, we focused on the exchange of While in Camagüey, I spoke to the members information about preservation issues of the Art Deco Society and the UNAICC for publication in CADS Magazine and on Art Deco Preservation in Chicago: Failures, Camagüey’s La Ciudad Infinita (The Infinite Successes, and Threats . In addition, CADS City) . But by the end of our tour, the collaborated with the Camagüey Art concept had evolved into something Deco Society, the Camagüey chapters of much more ambitious, what we are calling UNAICC and DOCOMONO, and the Partners in Preservation—Architectural Architecture Society of UNAICC on a Sister Sites . The principal objective of joint exhibition of Art Deco architecture the program is the promotion of mutual in Chicago and Camagüey . Architect cooperation and exchanges between and CADS Board Member Mark Garzon Chicago and locations in other parts of designed the Chicago portion, which the world committed to restoring and I curated . The exhibition highlighted preserving their Art Deco heritage . It will thirteen of our city’s Art Deco treasures, begin with a pilot project between CADS ranging from the Board of Trade and the and the Camagüey chapter of the National Chicago Motor Club to the Russell House A panel from the Chicago/Camagüey Union of Architects and Engineers of the and the Frank Fisher Apartments . The exhibition showing Art Deco residences Construction in Cuba (UNAICC) and exhibition was on view at the Publishers in Camagüey .

Spring 2014 21 Partners in Preservation

Many Art Deco buildings in Camagüey are relatively well maintained…

while others show deterioration .

Association through March and then at the UNAICC organization and operation of the Commission on Chicago headquarters and the University of Camagüey . It included Landmarks, the criteria for the categorization of buildings biographical sketches of the architects who designed the included in the Chicago Historic Resources Survey, and buildings and the artists involved in their decoration . The strategies for increasing awareness of Art Deco architecture in Camagüey portion of the exhibition showcased examples of the the two cities . city’s outstanding collection of residential Art Deco buildings . Partners in Preservation is in its early stages, but may The next step for Partners in Preservation is a visit by Wilfredo eventually include cooperative restoration projects involving to Chicago, planned for September 2014 . During his stay, CADS students from Camagüey and Chicago . In the future, CADS, will host a lecture on the Art Deco architecture of Camagüey . and perhaps other Art Deco societies, may establish Also on the agenda are discussions with local architects, relationships with other sites . We hope CADS members are educators, and historians on such topics as preservation- as enthusiastic as Joe, the CADS Board, and I am about this related technical issues, preservation education curricula, the new program . n

House at Andrés Sánchez #304, Roberto Douglas Navarrete, 1940 .

The former headquarters of the Cuban Consolidated Railroads with its Art Deco grillwork .

22 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine CADS NEWS Upcoming activities and news of our members

Deco-Themed Lectures Slated for Spring and Fall

Study designed by Pierre Chareau for the 1928 The Spirits of Communication, Hildreth Meiére’s Architect Pascal Laurent, who will speak on the 1931 Lord & Taylor Exposition of Modern French design for the terra-cotta tile floor of a pool in the Exposition Coloniale Internationale and French ocean Decorative Art . Photograph by Sigurd Fischer . Communications Court at the 1933 Century of liners of the Deco era on May 23 .This photo was Library of Congress 255-N4 . Progress International Exposition . Private collection . taken in the Lenox Hotel lounge in Paris, a space that has been re-created in the spirit of the 1920s .

The year 2014 promises to be Deco represents an amalgam Malaquais (ENSAPM) an exciting one for CADS, with of many artistic movements— of the Ecole des Beaux several programs already scheduled Cubism, exoticism, the Ballets Arts . The program for the upcoming months . Russes, Art Nouveau, Futurism, is a collaboration of and Constructivism . In addition, CADS and the Chicago What could be more fun than many designers of the Deco Chapter of the Society roaming through a life-size era, including twentieth century of Architectural version of your potential living American muralist Hildreth Historians and Alliance room, bedroom, or kitchen? In Meière, often looked to the Francaise, which will the early years following the 1925 classical past for inspiration . host the event at its Exposition Internationale des On Thursday, May 8, CADS will headquarters at 54 Arts Décoratifs et Industriels partner with the Institute of West Chicago Avenue . Modernes in Paris, department Classical Architecture and Art Laurent’s lecture will Cover of DecoRadio: The Most Beautiful Radios Ever stores throughout the United for a lecture at the Driehaus focus on the 1931 Made by Peter Sheridan, scheduled for publication States teamed with European and Museum, 40 East Erie Street, by Exposition Coloniale in May 2014 . American Modernist designers to art and architectural historian and Internationale and the create exhibitions that featured CADS Magazine Editor Kathleen luxurious interiors of the French his new book, scheduled for in-store replicas of modern home Murphy Skolnik, co-author with ocean liners of the Art Deco publication in May . Sheridan’s interiors . On Saturday, April 26, Catherine Coleman Brawer of era, including the Atlantique, the radio collection is one of the CADS will welcome historian the forthcoming book The Art Paris, and the Normandie . Joining most comprehensive in the world, and author Marilyn F . Friedman, Deco Murals of Hildreth Meière him on the program will be Keith and his 2008 book, Radio Days— an expert on twentieth century (previewed in this issue of CADS Bringe, director of the Chicago Australian Bakelite Radios, is the interiors and decorative arts, Magazine) . Skolnik’s topic, Art Deco Survey Project, who standard reference for Australian who will speak on Selling Good Hildreth Meière and the Classical will examine the experimental radio collectors . His lecture will Design: Promoting the Early Modern Roots of Art Deco, will examine houses featured at the 1933 examine the small mantel and Interior . Learn how modern this talented artist’s modern Century of Progress International tabletop radios of the 1930s, design, especially Art Deco, was interpretations of classical themes Exposition in Chicago . designed by such luminaries as introduced to the press and the and motifs . Raymond Loewy, Norman Bel public through the patronage And on Monday, September 22, Geddes, and Walter Dorwin of prestigious and trendsetting Friday, May 23 will bring a historian, author, and collector Teague, that not only brought department stores . lecture by French architect Peter Sheridan will travel from multiple sets into the home, but Pascal Laurent, instructor of Australia to speak on DecoRadio: changed the audience from the The modern approach to history and design at the Ecole The Most Beautiful Radios Ever family to the individual . n decoration now known as Art Supérieur d’Architecture Paris- Made, which is also the title of

Spring 2014 23 Screen

By Matthew C . Hoffman Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann, screens by Jean Dunand, Imagine a world of clean lines decorative paintings by and pure forms, a perfection Jean Dupas . One of the as simple as two champagne latter, “Les Perruches,” glasses tinkling together . turns up in some MGM It’s a universe of nightclubs films, including Cecil B. seemingly floating in space, DeMille’s Dynamite (1929) . executive suites overlooking a Manhattan skyline, grand hotels Its influence on a generation bringing people together, and of architects and designers luxury liners carrying them was nothing short of on romantic trips across the electrifying . New buildings Atlantic . The only class here is began to feature zigzags, first class. Every man has a tux, sunbursts, and stepped every woman has an exquisite elements . Interior spaces gown, and every conversation broke free of the dark, is memorable . claustrophobic Victorian style and became open and light . Screen Deco, Park Ridge Public In time, the sharp angles of Library’s most popular film the 1920s gave way to the program with over 1,100 more rounded lines of the visitors, invited viewers into a Streamline Moderne style . world that sprang from the Art With their elegant simplicity, Deco movement and went on to become one of the great both Art Deco and Streamline Moderne suggested luxury legacies of Hollywood’s golden era . Inspired by the book of and progress . By the time the 1939 World’s Fair opened the same name by Howard Mandelbaum and Eric Myers (St . in New York, the styles had merged the perfect blend of Martin’s Press, 1985), the series explored visions of the past art and technology, showcasing man and machine in an and future created by set designers and costumers, directors optimistic World of Tomorrow . and actors—all those who saw in Art Deco the style for a dynamic new age . Hollywood displayed a natural affinity for Art Deco from the beginning, exemplified by some of the great Hollywood art The origins of Art Deco began in Europe after the First directors of the 1920s and 1930s, including Cedric Gibbons, World War, when artists and thinkers from all disciplines Hans Dreier, Anton Grot, and Van Nest Polglase . Others, were making deliberate attempts to break from their such as William Cameron Menzies, Richard Day, and Charles Victorian past . They wanted a bolder, more unconventional D. Hall, were also profoundly influenced by the style. It was style to accompany new ideas about society and people . Polglase at RKO who shaped the look of the Fred Astaire Inspiration came from unexpected sources . A fascination and Ginger Rogers musicals . However, one of the most with Egypt and other ancient cultures helped shape the stunning sets in any RKO musical was done not by Polglase ornamentation of the style. Additional influences came from but by Broadway designer John Harkrider, who created the art movements such as Cubism . magical silver and black nightclub called the “Silver Sandal” in Swing Time (1936) . The set was an escapist dream featuring The 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et a double staircase and Bakelite floors. With their high-gloss Industriels Modernes in Paris saw the first comprehensive sets and black and white decor, the Astaire and Rogers films display of Art Deco, showcasing hundreds of decorative works . are the essence of what we now call “Screen Deco ”. Reflecting on the Exposition, Myers told me, Anyone familiar with the screen titles of classic movies As for what was on display at the Exposition, the idea will recognize the name Cedric Gibbons . He was perhaps was to show how design could be incorporated into all the most influential art director in Hollywood. His name aspects of daily life, so in addition to architecture, you contractually appeared on every MGM release from 1924 to also had interior design, and everything that comprises 1956 . Having attended the 1925 Paris Exposition, he brought that. In terms of specific objects, all the major designers Europe’s Art Moderne to the American screen beginning were represented, so you certainly saw furniture by in the late 1920s . More an executive than an on-the-set

24 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine Deco

designer, he supervised a huge Screen Deco style . His staff and made sure the designs arrangements of showgirls they created were in keeping The Rediscovered, the current film series at the displayed a machine-like with the glossy and elegant Park Ridge Library, continues through May 29 . precision in films like Gold style MGM was known for . Films remaining in the series include: Diggers of 1933 and Footlight Gibbons designed what has Parade (1933) . At its height, been called the “Big White Set” May 8 May 22 Screen Deco presented seen in films like Dinner At Eight The Key (1934) The Prisoner of Shark Island a world that few in the (1933) . It was a distinct studio (1936) Depression-era audience look that he originated . could expect to find in real May 15 May 29 life, but that’s precisely what MGM’s Our Dancing Daughters Theodora Goes Wild (1936) The Unsuspected (1947) sent people to the movies (1928), one of the key films in in droves . Simply entering Coming to the Pickwick Theatre the series, was designed by a movie palace allowed the Classic Film Series: Gibbons with Richard Day . This average person to become hugely popular silent movie is part of the fantasy world of the Art Deco film that started April 24 June 19 Hollywood, as many theaters a major trend in modern Scarface (1932) with guest Gone With the Wind adopted glamorous Art Deco American set design . In his author Christina Rice (1939) elements for their lobbies, special introduction to the film staircases, and seating areas . series, Mandelbaum elaborated: May 1 In Old Chicago (1938) and Jesse James (1939), with Even today, Screen Deco For an age obsessed with special guest Taryn Power-Greendeer, daughter of speaks to the dreams speed and liberation, bolder Tyrone Power we’ve shared as a culture . was better . Thus, on screen, It isn’t about cynicism or the rich were very rich . hopelessness, but rather Nowhere is this more true than in Our Dancing Daughters, transcendence and cultural achievement . It’s about looking a seminal film for the scale and modernity of its sets. your best and succeeding, about living the first-class lifestyle The décor is geometric and sparse, providing plenty of and finding your inner millionaire. room for Joan Crawford and her fashionable friends to exemplify flaming youth. The public’s embrace of movies like The Artist (2011) reflects the continued popularity of the Art Deco look . The Screen Other films credited to Gibbons in the series were The Deco blog, which was created specifically for the library Kiss (1929) and Grand Hotel (1932), but he was not the only series, still generates an incredible amount of activity, designer profiled. One of the most fantastic films in the with over 20,000 views from around the world . The most program was Universal’s The Black Cat (1934) . Directed by popular topic is Cedric Gibbons . This interest is impressive Edgar g . Ulmer, it’s a wicked excursion into a nightmarish considering the blog posts concluded shortly after Fred form of Modernism with horror icons Boris Karloff and Bela Astaire and Ginger Rogers brought down the curtain in Lugosi facing off in a game of death . The set designs were by Swing Time—the final show in the series. Art Deco in film Charles D . Hall and Ulmer, who had a background as an art is a topic always ripe for examination . Through events and director and was influenced by the Bauhaus school of design revivals by organizations like the Chicago Art Deco Society, in Germany . Screen Deco will live on in new forms. Whether for film buffs or students of architectural history, the combination of Beyond the sets, objects, and fashions, the human form cinema and Art Deco has proven to be a perfect match . itself, specifically of the woman, became identified with this high style . In the book Screen Deco, glamorous publicity For more on the history of the book Screen Deco as well photos radiate a streamlined beauty of the female form . The as the set design that inspired it, you can revisit the 2012 body itself becomes part of the surrounding décor—a look program online at screendeco wordpress. .com . n epitomized by actresses like Gloria Swanson, Joan Crawford, and Carole Lombard . Matthew C. Hoffman is a film historian and classic film programmer for the Pickwick Theatre and the Park Ridge Public Busby Berkeley’s geometric choreography of the female Library. He hosted the Screen Deco film series. form in his musical numbers is in the best tradition of the

Spring 2014 25 A Look Inside…

Eva Zeisel: Life, Design, and Beauty

Edited by Pat Kirkham, Executive Direction by Pat Moore, Concept and Design Direction by Pirco Wolfframm Chronicle Books, 2013 Reviewed by Rolf Achilles During her lengthy career, Zeisel worked in both isolated industrial towns and cosmopolitan cities . Each of her tenures Just as Louis Comfort Tiffany is credited with was relatively short, but in the German ceramics industry countless windows that his prolific studio of the time, few designers remained with one company for never created or fabricated, Eva Zeisel’s name long . It was a turbulent industry in cutthroat competition is often linked with ceramics that she never with Czechoslovakia for an ever-shrinking share of the world designed . To help assemble a body of facts about Zeisel, market, demanding a constant flow of new designs and what Chronicle Books, under the indefatigable guidance of Pat seems like almost daily changes of forms and patterns . Kirkham, Pat Moore, and Pirco Wolfframm, among others, recently published what will be for By 1925, Zeisel was producing many years to come, the definitive New major monographs examine the work of ceramics that she sold at a local biography and survey of Zeisel’s Eva Zeisel and Hildreth Meière, two talented market . She also worked as a astounding life and complex design twentieth-century women designers closely freelance designer for Kispester- history . The 256-page volume, associated with the style we now call Art Granit, Budapest, which created a illustrated with 200 photos, most by Deco . Rolf Achilles, independent art historian short-lived special art department Brent Brolin, includes a biographical and Adjunct Associate Professor, Art History, especially for her . She soon left profile by Kirkham, followed by Theory, and Criticism at the School of the Art Budapest for Hamburg and Hansa twenty-eight short essays examining Institute of Chicago, as well as a collector of Kunstkeramik before moving on Zeisel’s designs . German ceramics, reviews Eva Zeisel: Life, to Schramberger Majolikafabrik in Design, and Beauty, published in fall 2013, and the heart of the Black Forest . From Eva Zeisel’s work is legendary . Known Robert Bruegmann, Distinguished Professor the fall of 1928 to the spring of in Hungary, Germany, and the Soviet Emeritus of Art History, Architecture and 1930, Zeisel created more than 200 Union as Eva Stricker, she came of Urban Planning at the University of Illinois designs for Schramberger . She also age in the most complex two decades at Chicago, previews The Art Deco Murals photographed her own ceramics of the twentieth century—the of Hildreth Meière by Catherine Coleman for the firm’s advertisements and 1920s and 1930s, a period defined Brawer and CADS Magazine Editor Kathleen catalogues, as she had earlier at by cultural experiments, financial Murphy Skolnik, scheduled for release on Hansa Keramik . The numerous disasters, political atrocities, and joie May 1 . photographs that survive illustrate de vivre in newness and discovery . a keen sense of composition and a It was during this era that for the first time, the machine preference for steep visual angles and stark lighting . Zeisel ruled everyday life more than the artisan . Enter the designer maintained that her ceramic designs were not influenced who worked intimately with machines to produce everyday by the Bauhaus, which may well be true . However, her beautiful, colorful, and functional objects, especially photography is akin to contemporary photographs by Brandy service with household ceramics, often with playful organic forms, Marianne Brandt, Lucia Moholy, László Moholy-Nagy, Lux jug (3366), mugs for the common consumer . In an industry traditionally Feininger, and even Herbert Beyer and Walter Peterhans, all (3367), and tray populated by men, Eva Stricker and a few other women, affiliated with the Bauhaus. (3387), Scotland most notably Marguerite Wildenhain, Grete Marks, and decoration, c . 1930, Martha Katzer, braved the Industrial Revolution as designers At Schramberger about 350 people depended on her Schramberger and fabricators, establishing their own terms and aesthetic designs . As she later wrote: “My job was to keep the Majolikafabrik . parameters . company going… our pots were bought on the basis of design . It was a time of pressure, not options ”. Her efforts resulted in tea sets, dinner and luncheon sets, vases, lamp bases, ashtrays, cigarette and cigar boxes, inkwells, desk trays, flower pots, wall pockets, jars, tea glasses, jugs, brandy decanters and goblets, butter dishes, cookie boxes, serving bowls, and even lemon squeezers . She had a preference for circles, and her decorative

T tea service (Kugelservice), Carstens-Harschau, decoration not by Eva Zeisel, 1932 .

26 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine Teapot (3301), sugar (3334), creamer (3333), and cup and saucer (3335), Gobelin 8 Three-pint pitcher, two-pint pitcher, and creamer, Town & Country, green decoration, c . 1930, Schramberger Majolikafabrik . 1947, Red Wing Potteries . patterns were bright and often geometric . She later stated fell in love with “Jascha” (Jacob Alexandrovich Ravic), a high- that she “played with geometry because it was in fashion ”. ranking officer in the NKVD, a precursor to the KGB, whom She also adopted Mondrian-inspired patterns commonly she met during frequent trips to Paris . seen on cheap linoleum and tablecloth designs of her time . Zeisel subsequently became artistic director for Dulevo In 1930 Zeisel took the unprecedented step of becoming Porcelain Factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo and then for China a freelance designer for Hirschau, a subsidiary of Christian and Glass Industry before she was suddenly arrested on Carstens, KG, located in Bavaria, a seven-hour train ride false charges by the GPU (Stalin’s secret security agency) and from Berlin where she was based . She leased a studio from imprisoned from May 1936 to September 1937 . She spent the artist Emil Nolde, who was not pleased to learn that ten months in solitary confinement living with the daily she was Jewish and tried to renege on his lease agreement . expectation of execution . During her time in Berlin, the vivacious Zeisel socialized with members of the progressive, intellectual, artistic, and Upon her sudden and unexplained release, Eva was sent political circles in which she moved . to Vienna where she met her family, divorced Weissberg, and began a relationship with longtime friend Hans Zeisel . Carstens-Hirschau’s ceramics are harder than Following Hitler’s Anschluss of Austria on March 12, 1938, Schramberger’s, with rounder bodies and thinner cross Zeisel and her family moved quickly to Switzerland . She and sections and handles . During her time there, Zeisel’s Hans were later reunited in England, where they married designs became more compatible with serialized industrial in July 1938 . Three months later, they left for the United production . Writing in 1932 in the trade publication Die States, settling in New York City . Schaulade, she explained that her designs were meant to establish a bond with their users and to become friendly Zeisel quickly received commissions and also taught ceramic companions, at the same time being restrained enough not design at the Pratt Institute . In 1939, she collaborated with to disturb their owners or demand unnecessary attention . Castleton China and the Museum of Modern Art to develop a She retained these ideals throughout her design career . modern line of dinnerware known as Museum . Over the next Hot water pot twenty-five years, she received commissions from Red Wing and creamer from The number of designs Zeisel completed for Hirschau and Potteries, the Hall China Company, United China and Glass the Museum line, the number that actually went into production are unknown . Company, and Western Stoneware in the United States and Castleton, 1946 . Several coffee and tea sets—S, T, R, and C, Holland, and Rosenthal in Germany, among others . Ceylon—the Nürnberg table setting, a smoking service, and several serving dishes, including cake platters, are In the mid-1960s, work slowed and Zeisel documented . Kugelservice T may have been her most had no ceramic commissions for the successful, but the number of pieces produced and the next twenty years . The mid-1980s saw a length of time the service continued in production remain revival of interest in her work, both in the undetermined . Although she may have been involved with United States and abroad . Some of her Spritzdekor (stenciled, airbrush-applied glazes) at Hirschau, earlier designs were re-introduced, and no specific glaze designs can be definitively attributed to new ones were developed for Zsolnay her . As at Hansa Keramik and Schramberger, Zeisel took Porcelain Manufactory, International China photographs of some of her Carstens-Hirschau designs, Company, Nambé, and the Lomonosov which were then used for advertising purposes . Porcelain Factory . In 1983, she returned to Kispester-Granit to design the Granit In 1932, Zeisel left Berlin for the Soviet Union, where she line, (shown on the cover of the book), put remained for five productive and tense years. She was quickly into production by Design Within Reach hired as a designer in the Artistic Laboratory, Lomonosov in 2009 . Zeisel died in 2011, ending what State Porcelain Factory, Leningrad, where she married Kirkham describes as “one of the longest physicist Alex Weissberg, one of the German intellectuals professional design careers ever ”. n Zeisel had known in Berlin . After their later separation, she

Spring 2014 27 A Look Inside…

The Art Deco Murals of Hildreth Meière

By Catherine Coleman Brawer and Kathleen Murphy Skolnik Andrea Monfried Editions, 2014

Previewed by Robert Bruegmann From the evidence in the book, Meière had a peaceful and productive life with little sign of deprivation or Readers leafing through the images in the stereotypical torment associated with the “artistic The Art Deco Murals of Hildreth Meière temperament ”. Her talent apparently was recognized will probably be astonished that early and, despite the handicap of being a woman in a Meière’s work could ever have become field traditionally dominated by men, she seems to have neglected as it was during the decades surmounted any obstacles . Hildreth Meière grew up in after her death in 1961 . I suppose it is comfortable circumstances in Flushing, Queens . Her mother a testament to the polemical power of had had artistic aspirations before she married and did European avant-garde historians and everything to encourage Hildreth who showed similar talent critics like Sigfried Giedion and Henry-Russell Hitchcock, at an early age . At age 16, Hildreth determined to become and their crusade for a minimal modernism stripped of an artist, more specifically a portrait painter. However, applied decoration that Meière was pushed into the shadows during a sojourn in Florence in 1911 she was overwhelmed for so long . by the great medieval and Renaissance murals that she saw . That encounter would lead to a long and productive Fortunately, the wheel of fashion usually cycles through a career primarily involving mural work . Her enthusiasm was reaction and a reconsideration . In the case of Meière this perfectly timed . The United States, made rich by its industrial reaction has been slowly gathering speed for some time development in the nineteenth century, was just then now along with a growing appreciation of decorative artists experiencing a growing desire to create major architectural and Art Deco architects and artists in general . It probably monuments that could rival the most magnificent buildings helps that some of Meière’s most important commissions of Europe . During the heady years of this City Beautiful have been cleaned and restored recently . With this book the Movement, architects turned to a wide variety of decorative reaction has reached a critical point . Meière’s work, carefully artists to produce grand architectural ensembles . documented and captured in spectacular photographs in this first-ever monograph of her work, nearly jumps off the On Meière’s return to the u .S ., she studied at various page . It is hard to imagine how her murals and decorative art schools in New York, San Francisco, and Chicago, treatments at the National Academy of Sciences in served briefly in the Navy during World War I, and Washington, D C. ., the Nebraska State Capitol, Rockefeller received her first art commissions. Her big breakthrough Chapel at The University of Chicago, or St . Bartholomew’s came in 1921 when architect Bertram Goodhue asked Church and the Irving Trust Company (One Wall Street) in her to prepare some sketches for the decoration of the New York City will ever again slip back into the shadows . Nebraska State Capitol . Goodhue was at the height of his Meière worked on some of the most important buildings career, and the Nebraska State Capitol was arguably his erected in America during her lifetime, and her work was masterpiece, pointing the way to a new and thoroughly fully the equal of the famous architects, sculptors, and other modern American architecture although one still rooted in Marble floor of the artists she worked with . the classical Western tradition . But before Meière’s work foyer of the Nebraska on the Capitol actually commenced, State Capitol, 1927 . Goodhue commissioned her to design Art Deco decoration for the Great Hall at the interpretation National Academy of Sciences building of the Creation cycle in glass mosaic for the narthex ceiling of St . Bartholomew’s Church on Park Avenue in New York, 1930 .

The Baltimore Airport from the marble floor of the Baltimore Trust Company banking hall, 1929 .

28 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine 50th Street facade of Radio City Music hall in Rockefeller Center with roundels of Dance, Drama, and Song in mixed metal and enamel, 1932 . Hildreth Meière, c . 1924 . in Washington D C. . Her designs for the Great Hall were walls and ceiling in an abstract pattern of glass mosaic that applied in raised gesso directly to the acoustic tile produced accentuated the vertical dimension by lightening the color by Guastavino & Company and then gilded and painted . But from floor to ceiling. Goodhue never saw her work installed; he died in April 1924, just days before the building’s dedication . There were many other commissions . Among her most visible are the three great metal and enamel roundels on the Meière’s designs for the vestibule and rotunda domes of facade of Radio City Music Hall in New York . During the the Nebraska State Capitol used glazed ceramic tiles set Depression she participated in several federal government directly into Guastavino’s acoustic tiles of the vaults . The relief projects for artists, including a bronze allegorical decorations throughout the Capitol were based on an sculpture for the post office in Logan Square in Chicago. elaborate iconographic program drawn up by ethnologist She received eleven different commissions for the 1939 and philosopher Hartley Burr Alexander with whom World’s Fair in New York City, several of them involving Meière would consult on several subsequent commissions . multiple parts . Only at the very end of her life when she was Meière’s compositions combined motifs from classical, asked to create murals for buildings in the newly dominant Byzantine, and medieval art which she transformed by International Style does her work appear to be slightly out fusing them with Art Nouveau linearity and elements of of place; this may have more to do with the fact that this what would later be called Art Deco to create a distinctly work is still too close to our own time than to any inherent modern design sensibility that fit perfectly with Goodhue’s problem with Meière’s art . brilliantly eclectic architecture . The result was one of the most dramatic fusions of architecture and art to be seen One of the great strengths of this book is the view it gives anywhere and, arguably, Meière’s masterpiece . readers of Meière’s working methods and her own voice . This was possible because of the extensive records that the Goodhue’s successor firms would commission a number artist and some of her collaborators left as well as letters of other works from Meière . At Rockefeller Chapel at from Meière to her mother, and to friends and colleagues . The University of Chicago she again used glazed ceramic The authors have made generous use of these records to tiles set into the vaults and apse of the church . Between vividly describe how the artist approached her commissions, 1927 and 1956, Meière completed three projects for St . studied the architecture, created sketches of her murals and Bartholomew’s Church in New York, including mosaic stained glass, worked with the artisans who created them, decorations for the walls and vaults, done in a Byzantine and oversaw their installation . style with figures set against a gold ground, and stained-glass windows with Art Deco elements . This beautiful book does full justice to Meière’s eye-popping work . It should go a long way toward recovering for her the Other architects also commissioned Meière to design high esteem in which she was held during her lifetime . n decoration for their buildings . At Temple Emanu-El in New York, she used glass mosaic, much gold, and elements Detail of glass mosaic drawn from medieval Spain, Eastern Europe, and mid- for the AT&T Building nineteenth century Berlin to create a space that glowed and at the 1939 New glittered as light passed over the slightly irregular tesserae . York World’s Fair . At the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis she had to not only maintain coherence in her own work, executed over several building campaigns spanning many years, but had to integrate the existing work of several other artists . Using a style derived from mosaics that she had seen in Ravenna, Italy, with newer Art Deco motifs and a great deal of gold, she created another glittering interior . A high point of her secular commissions was the banking room at the Irving Trust building at One Wall Street where Meière clad the All photos of Meière’s work by Hildreth Meière Dunn .

Spring 2014 29 DECO BOOKSHELF Reviews of books of interest to CADS members

But Wolf credits my book with & Albert Museum in 2003 . That Art Deco popularising and establishing that exhibition included part of the By Norbert Wolf name of the interwars style on prismatic 1920s facade of the Strand Prestel, 2013 both sides of the Atlantic, in spite Palace Hotel . It was insanely pulled Reviewed by Bevis of rearguard actions to call it “Jazz down by J . Lyons in 1969 and most Hillier Age” and “Modern Style”—he intelligently acquired by the V&A . Reprinted from the November 30, might have added “Streamline (In the name of modernisation, 2013 issue of The Spectator with the Moderne,” the term favoured by the Lyons replaced the stunning Deco permission of the author and publisher admirable American architectural with something that looked like historian David Gebhard . (Derek fossilised nose-drippings ). Over the past forty-five years, Clifford, father of the art historian there have been two distinct and and museum wallah Sir Timothy One of the great merits of Wolf’s divergent approaches to Art Deco . Clifford—he lived through the book is its international scope . One of them—which was mine style—told me that he and He even finds room for Nazi when I wrote the first little book his friends had called it “Aztec sculptures, which cannot all be on the subject in 1968—was to Airways ”). dismissed as rebarbative because treat the subject as a sociological, of their links to a vile ideology . But as well as artistic, phenomenon . Wolf’s is a massive book: a coffee he is not wide-ranging enough in As I wrote then, it was “the last of Clarice Cliff’s “Bizarre” range of table might almost need flying representing Deco architecture . the total styles,” affecting almost Staffordshire pottery, that mainstay buttresses to support it . The New York is there in force; but everything, from letter boxes and of television’s Flog It! Everything is publisher, Prestel, now ranks with what of Los Angeles? The 1920s powder compacts to luxury liners of tip-top quality, from paintings Phaidon and Thames & Hudson in and 30s were the golden age of and hotels . With that approach, one by Tamara de Lempicka depicting its output of gloriously produced Hollywood; and one would have shows the dross as well as the gold, figures that look as if they have been art books . This one is a work of art liked to see more of the existing and and asks such questions as “Why carved out of tinted blancmange, in itself—with a price to match . demolished LA buildings illustrated . did the style become so universal?” to the finest New York buildings. He shows Frank Lloyd Wright’s Wolf has already given us a similar “How far did it succeed (with mass Almost everything in the book Hollyhock House (which is more juggernaut tome on Art Nouveau . production) in coming to terms (aside from the architecture—too Modern Movement than Deco) and The present book is absolutely with the machine age?” big to be a “collectable”) would put the towering Eastern Columbia up to the same high standard . My a gleam in an auctioneer’s eye . Building; but missing are the The other approach—particularly reservations are mostly minor . Richfield Building, Bullocks Wilshire in favour with such writers as the So I would suggest that, without We are not told anything about store, the El Rey Theater, and (most late Martin Battersby and Philippe necessarily setting out to do so, him either on the jacket or inside significant of all) the aerodynamic Garner—is to concentrate only Wolf has achieved a compromise the book but I suspect (no hint of Pan Pacific Auditorium of 1935. I on the top-quality artists and between the two historical xenophobia here) that his surname was photographed in front of it in craftsmen: people like Jean Puiforcat approaches to Deco . Yes, he is is pronounced in the German 1984: the shot has an exclusivity in silver, Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann in interested in the social conditions way, like that of the greatest to it, as four years later the superb furniture, and René Lalique in glass . and the artistic firmament that led lieder-writer, Hugo Wolf . If he is building was destroyed by arson . That approach naturally commends to the style; but equally, he has German or Austrian as I suppose, itself to experts in the leading no truck with the downmarket, his bibliography suggests a few English readers will also miss some auction houses, where the prime not to say kitsch, end . A lot of his lacunae in his research . While it of our best Deco buildings— interest is making big money and illustrations are of Cubist paintings is gratifying to find my 1968 book among them, the Adelphi Theatre, taking fat commissions—things that which influenced Deco rather than there and the large-scale book I Claridge’s, and the Savoy, the De are not going to happen in the case were Deco—I have always regarded wrote with Stephen Escritt almost La Warr Pavilion, and that 3D of a tinny Woolworth’s powder Deco as, in essence, domesticated 30 years later, there is no reference palindrome, the Oxo Tower . compact of the 1930s . Cubism . (Heretically, I would go to the catalogue of the huge Deco In 1968 I showed how Art further and claim that the right exhibition that David Ryan and Deco was already influencing From the first sentence of Norbert place for Cubism was in carpets, I organised at the Minneapolis contemporary design . I wish Wolf Wolf’s book, you might imagine lino, and wallpaper, not in the pomp Institute of Arts in 1971—it was had added a section on Art Deco he is going bullheaded for the of gilt frames in posh galleries ). issued in book form as The World of sociological approach: “In the Art Deco . I think it would have given revival . If he had done, he would present book Art Deco is not In my 1968 book, which had the Wolf some aperçus to leaven his have needed to illustrate Terry treated under the auspices of same title as Wolf’s, I made it clear too upper-drawer approach . Farrell’s marvelous 1994 building, the art and antiquities market ”. that I did not invent the term Art the MI6 headquarters in Vauxhall . However, as you leaf through, you Deco—which is derived from the The other big gap in his reading is It gives me a lilt of the heart every will look in vain for “demotic” 1925 Paris Exposition des Arts the catalogue of the outstanding time I pass it on my train journeys Deco . There is not a smidgen of Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes . Deco show put on by the Victoria from Winchester to Waterloo . n

30 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine DECO BOOKSHELF Reviews of books of interest to CADS members

Paul T. Frankl Autobiography Christopher Long and Aurora McClain, Editors Doppelhouse Press 2013 Reviewed by Bennett Johnson This is a page turner! Anyone Ione Robinson, an employee in widely in Asia and Europe . And who has read Christopher Long’s the Frankl Galleries at 4 East he owned a humble retreat in the essential book Paul T . Frankl and 8th Street just off 5th Avenue in Catskills, where he entertained Modern American Design (Yale, New York City, remarked, “He professional colleagues . After 2007) may ask, why this one? Just has the most amazing way of many years in New York, he wait until you have an opportunity making everything look chic and moved to Los Angeles in 1934 to read this easy flowing account, of making people buy things that where he opened a shop near which captures this leading frighten them ”. Frankl lectured Rodeo Drive . He collaborated Modernist in his own words . across the country admitting he with many leading architects and Few changes have been made in “never missed an opportunity to retained a remarkable friendship Frankl’s original text, generously present my ideas [on Modernism] with Frank Lloyd Wright . He shared by his daughter Paulette to a placidly interested public,” knew everyone from Vienna, Frankl, but previously unpublished a reminder of how conservative Berlin, Paris, and the United photographs, a brief preface and America was at the time . When States . This “fussy little man with foreword by Long, memories of Americans returned from Europe a Viennese accent” charmed This book is a must read for her father by his daughter, and an after visiting the 1925 Exposition many, sold more, and never anyone interested in the modern extensive bibliography and index Internationale des Arts Décoratifs stopped promoting Modernism . design era . n have been added . Paul Frankl’s et Industriels Modernes, he candid reflections capture his saw the opportunity to design time, with its challenges and flaws. furnishings appropriate to From Vienna, New York, and Los the modern buildings under Angeles, Frankl looks back on construction . He brought in his experiences, his colleagues fabrics and ideas from Europe and and collaborators, and his clients designed vignettes demonstrating with fresh insights . He preached their use in combination with his Modernism to a reluctant own furniture . American public . Interior design became Frankl’s The wars and the Depression specialty and his output included posed setbacks, but in retrospect, remarkable examples that were nothing kept this pragmatic copied by followers and his own designer from finding new ways students . In describing his ap- to survive and flourish. One critic proach, he stated: “Decorating… said Frankl “made junk sing!” An is the process of eliminating ”. example was his redesign of a pushcart to sell hotdogs in New As Frankl stated in his lectures, September 19 & 20, 2014 York City at the height of the “My real aim, with my architectural background, lay in designing Depression . The idea was born at furniture, a highly specialized field. a modest party for professionals From the very outset I had the where hotdogs were served field completely to myself.” Al- from a cart and designer Donald though his claims may be exagger- Deskey played bartender, ated, his accomplishments were dispensing bathtub gin . Frankl had many . Known for his “Skyscraper refashioned a decrepit cart he Furniture,” Frankl describes how managed to obtain into something it evolved and became a success . more functional than those Despite his efforts, knockoffs of available for rent . Placed in his his designs denied him copyright office window, Frank’s redesigned protection . cart attracted amused crowds . He offered his version for sale until Although he complained of a others copied it . lack of money, Frankl traveled

Spring 2014 31 Looking Back... to Move Ahead The history of our Society from our earliest members

CADS—In the Beginning 1 . Education—making the public aware of the value of the style 2 . Documentation—through survey, photography, research By Ruth Dearborn 3 . Design—offering assistance to building owners, contractors, In this new feature CADS Historian architects Ruth Dearborn, a longtime CADS Board 4 .Entertainment—to communicate the sense of fun that charac- member and past treasurer, looks back to terizes the Art Deco style through parties, shows, and “events” the early days of the organization . With a general agreement on goals, it was time for the formalities My name is Ruth Dearborn, and I am of officers, dues, and committee structure. All three were defined a former neighbor of Lynn Abbie, at an early November meeting at the Friends of Downtown office. CADS founding president . We met in But the main event that evening was a pep talk by John Hern of the the early 1960s at the Westchester Commission on Chicago Historical and Architectural Landmarks . Art League (now long dissolved) . In Hern told the group that it was dealing with a sorely neglected addition to being an artist in her own architectural period, and he recommended that it undertake a right, Lynn was definitely a “chauvinist survey to identify important buildings with Art Deco elements . A about Chicago ”. She felt that the survey of downtown buildings would mesh with the commission’s public was really not aware of the Art Deco treasures in the city and the recent attention to North Michigan Avenue . Hern pointed out metropolitan area and decided it was her mission to change this . Lynn that, while much is known about well-documented buildings like became a docent for the Chicago Architecture Foundation, where she the Palmolive, buildings like 700-20 and 900-20 N . Michigan have met Bunny Selig, and got more involved in learning about local Art Deco received little attention . Both are in imminent danger of destruction . buildings and their architects . As Lynn’s knowledge about Chicago’s architectural heritage increased, When Barbara Capitman, director of the Miami Design Preservation she became more and more interested in the preservation of the League, gave a sold-out lecture in Chicago about the city’s Art Deco buildings constructed in the Art Deco era . She even created a Survey legacy, Bunny urged Lynn to form the Chicago Art Deco Society . & Research Committee, comprised of William Knack, Pat Casler, and According to the December 1981 Chicago Deco publication, the first Henry Dovilas . Do these statements sound familiar? We have come Board members included Carol LaVinn, Patricia Casler, Franklin Orwin, a long way and seem to be right on target with the early premise and and Bunny Selig, supported by committee members Ruth and William goals . Lynn would be so proud! She passed away in 2005 . Knack, Jack Garber, Wes Andrews, and Larry Hale .

As Lynn wrote in the December 1981 issue of Chicago Deco under the CADS and the Chicago headline, “Our Time Has Come—Society Formed”: Motor Club—A Long History The sell-out crowd at last summer’s lecture by Barbara Capitman, One of the primary objectives of CADS director of the Miami Design Preservation League, was a clear sign has been the preservation of prominent that Chicago is ready for an Art Deco Society… Capitman waxed Art Deco buildings in Chicago . One lyrical on the splendors of Chicago Art Deco. While her definition of the earliest architectural gems to of the style–she includes Wright, the Arts and Crafts Movement, catch the group’s attention was the the International Style, and the postmodernists—may be too Chicago Motor Club at 68 East Wacker all-encompassing for some—there’s no disagreeing with her Place . The Summer 1986 issue of CADS enthusiasm . “She’s the Jewish mother of Art Deco,” said architect Magazine featured an article about the Stanley Tigerman in his introduction . building, along with a photograph, by Chicago Motor Club, Holabird & Lynn Abbie . Root, 1928 . Photo by Keith Bringe A few days after the Madlener House lecture, a small group met with for the Chicago Art Deco Society . Barbara Capitman and Miami Beach designer Leonard Horowitz at And the Chicago Motor Club is among Riccardo’s and agreed formally to begin a local Art Deco group . … At the issues currently being discussed by the Historic Preservation least two people at that meeting—Lynn Abbie and Jean Nerenberg— Division of the Department of Planning and Development . In 2011, Amy had participated in the Chicago Architecture Foundation Art Deco Keller, CADS Preservation Committee Chair, represented CADS in an program in 1979 . The successful eight-week series of tours and appeal for landmark designation of the building, which was granted by lectures was organized by Bunny Selig . The Capitman visit, those at the Chicago City Council in April 2012 . the meeting agreed, was the spur needed to get the long-talked-about society underway . At a meeting with several preservation-minded groups—CADS, Landmarks Illinois, and Preservation Chicago—held on January 20, At a Sunday afternoon meeting at the Northwest Tower, [at North 2014, Paul Alessandro of Hartshorne Plunkard Architecture presented and Milwaukee Avenues, now known as the Coyote Building], the firm’s plans for the restoration of the building and its conversion the organizers came up with a set of goals for the fledgling to a boutique hotel . Contact Amy for a PDF of the presentation . See organization . They boil down to four: future issues of the magazine for updates on the Motor Club project . n

32 Chicago Art Deco Society Magazine Back Issues Now Available

 FALLat 2008/WINTEThe Breakersr 2009 at Edgewater SPrING/SUMME Beachr 2008 LivingBack Issues life The Chicagoan Magazine Mavens of Moderne Now Available rudolph Schindler Viktor Schreckengost New york Meets Paris Philip Johnson 10th World Congress Paul Frankl

All issues are $10 each plus $3.50 shipping and You’llhandling. find Other theissues lifestyle you love in our elegant, yet surprisingly affordable retirement community. may be available.  SUMMEr 2009  FALL 2009 CallYour for apartmenta complete list is waiting...no guarantee Hildrethyou’ll Meière spend in Chicago much time there, with overChicago 50 Motor scheduled Club (312-280-9097).programs and classes weekly. Live lifePhotography to the of the fullest Inter-War years—for less, with no largeEdward buy–in Steichen fee! Art Deco at Auction The Queen Mary Make checks payable to: Carmen Miranda Toronto Art Deco Chicago Art Deco Society callMail to: 773-878-5333 to schedule a personal tour and learn more! Mary Miller PO Box 1116 Evanston, IL 60204-1116 NAME ______BackPlease Issuessend me the issues checked above at $10 per issue plus STrEET Now Available ______$3.50 S&H. Independent LIvIng | catered LIvIng CITy 5333 n. SherIdan road | chIcago, IL ______60640 | 773-878-5333 | www.seniorlifestyle.com ______Total enclosed $ ______STATE/ZIP ______

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Back Issues Back Issues Are Available Are Available  SPECIAL COLOr ISSUE  SUMMEr 2009 A large, color issue devoted to Hildreth Meière in Chicago A Century of Progress Photography of the Inter-War years Chicago World’s Fair Art Deco at Auction Other issues 1933–1934 Carmen Miranda are available.

Call for a  FALL 2009 complete list Chicago Motor Club Edward Steichen 312-280-9097 The Queen Mary Toronto Art Deco Make checks payable to: Chicago Art Deco Society  FALL 2010 S P R I N G 2 0 1 1  SPrING 2011 P.O. Box 1116 Evanston, IL 60204-1116 Mail to: www.chicagoartdecosociety.comA Preview of the 11th World Sonia Delaunay at Cooper-Hewitt Congress on Art Deco, rio de Janeiro Lee Lawrie’s Argo reliefs PO Box 1116 Art Deco India Art Deco at Brookfield Zoo Evanston, IL 60204-1116 The Ballets russes 1939 Polish Pavilion World’s Fairs of the 1930s Please send me the issues checked at $10 per issue plus $3.50 S&H.  FALL 2011

Carved wooden elephant on a Brookfield Zoo directional sign. 1936 Texas Centennial Exposition Photo by Jim Schulz. In This Issue Total Sonia Delaunay at Cooper-Hewitt n Lee Lawrie’s Argo Reliefs Weimer Pursell Posters Art Deco at Brookfield Zoo n 1939 Polish Pavilion enclosed $ ______Art Deco richmond

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FallSpring 2009 2014 7 P.O. Box 1116 Evanston, IL 60204-1116 www.chicagoartdecosociety.com

Chicago Board of Trade (Holabird & Root, 1930), topped by sculpture of Ceres by John Storrs. Photo by Glenn Rogers.