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Oral History: Representing the Hidden, the Untold and the Veiled ORAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA Oral history: Representing the hidden, the untold and the veiled Proceedings of the Fifth and Sixth Annual National Oral History Conference East London, Eastern Cape (2008) & Cape Town, Western Cape (2009) Editor Christina Landman © 2013 Research Institute for Theology and Religion University of South Africa, P O Box 392, Pretoria, 0003 South Africa First edition, first impression ISBN 978-1-86888-736-1 Typesetting, typographical editing and final lay-out: Nonnie Fouché, Research Institute for Theology and Religion, University of South Africa Cover design: David Kahts Department of Production University of South Africa Printed by: Bontshi Business Services PO Box 51248 Wierda Park Centurion 0149 Acknowledgement: A financial contribution by the Department of Arts and Culture made this publication possible. © 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means – mechanical or electronic, including recordings or tape-recording and photocopying – without the prior permission of the publisher, excluding fair quotations for purposes of research or review. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors of the papers and not necessarily those of the Research Institute for Theology and Religion or the University of South Africa. Table of contents Foreword vii-viii Fifth Oral History Conference 2008 (East London, Eastern Cape) Hidden voices, untold stories and veiled memories: Oral history, representation and knowledge Oral testimonies by former members of the Azanian National Youth Unity (AZANYU): The sayable and unsayable in an oral history interview 1-17 Tshepo Moloi (“Local Histories and Present Realities” Programme, University of the Witwatersrand) The descendants of Mthimkhulu I 19-34 CM Lamla (Department of Anthropology and Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Walter Sisulu University) Orality, literacy and succession disputes in contemporary Ndzundza and Manala Ndebele Chieftaincies 35-48 Sekibakiba Peter Lekgoathi (University of the Witwatersrand) The role of letsema in community struggles: past and present 49-57 Refilwe Morongwa Ramagoshi (Department of African Languages, University of Pretoria) Oral history: The challenges of education 59-63 Mcebisi Blayi (Sikhulule High School, Mdantsane, East London) Memories of Fietas from the late 50s to the 70s. What was the suburb of Vrededorp like during this period and how did the people relate to one another? 65-83 Oluwadamilola Okunlola (Department of Historical Studies, University of Johannesburg) Sixth Oral History Conference 2009 (Cape Town, Western Cape) The politics of collecting and curating voices The problem of language in the explication and interpretation of oral history 87-94 V Ngema (Centre for Arts and Culture, University of Zululand) “Too vulgar and socially embarrassing, yet exceptionally and temporally acceptable”: Songs performed in the rituals of passage to womanhood in rural KwaZulu-Natal 95-99 Themba Qwabe (uMngeni Municipality Museums and Heritage Board) On being a patient listener: Oral evidence and the historical experience of hospital patients 101-108 Howard Phillips (University of Cape Town) Artefacts of memory: from the classroom through the archive to public spaces 109-119 Patricia Watson (University of the Witwatersrand, research fellow) Words cast in stone: building on a community museum methodology 121-125 Michael Ondaatje Oral history and community development: Exploring a community history approach 127-135 Derek du Bruyn (National Museum, Bloemfontein) Insider, outsider: negotiating the researcher’s position 137-151 Mxolisi Mchunu (Msunduzi Museum, Pietermaritzburg) Practising and teaching oral history in school 153-162 Rebotile Machaisa (St Augustine College of South Africa, Johannesburg) Memories of the Zimbabwean liberation struggle among people from Bulilimamangwe District in the southwestern parts of Zimbabwe 163-171 Thembani Dube (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) The role of women in the liberation struggle in the greater Midlands area 173-184 C Bhekumusa Ngcobo (Principal Archivist for Oral History, KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Archives) Teaching Oral History 185-192 Christina Landman (University of South Africa) Foreword For the past 10 years the Oral History Association of South Africa (OHASA) has hosted an annual conference on oral history research, funded by the Department of Arts and Culture. This department also funds the publication of the conference proceedings in three volumes, of which this is the second in the series. The first volume was published in April 2013 and contained papers of the 2006 OHASA Conference, held in Richards Bay, KwaZulu- Natal. The theme of the conference was Culture, Memory and Trauma, and the volume carries the same title. This, then, is the second volume in this series, and it is entitled Oral History: Representing the Hidden, the Untold and the Veiled. It contains papers delivered at the 2008 and 2009 OHASA conferences. For technical reasons, the 2007 conference papers are not available for publication. The OHASA conferences rotate through the provinces, and in 2008 it was the turn of the Eastern Cape, which meant that the conference was co- hosted by the Eastern Cape Department of Sport, Recreation, Arts and Cul- ture. The theme of the conference was Hidden Voices, Untold Stories and Veiled Memories. The conference was a resounding success and enjoyed great media attention. Many oral historians were in attendance and prominent role-players in the political and academic fields of arts, culture and oral history also participated. Prof Philippe Denis, then chairperson of OHASA, opened the conference, which was held from 7 to 10 October 2008 in the Regent Hotel in East London. The attendees were welcomed by Ms N Abrahams Ntantiso, the MEC of Sports, Recreation, Arts and Culture of the Eastern Cape. The keynote address was skilfully delivered by the then Deputy Minister of Arts and Culture, Ms NGW Botha. The guest speaker on the first day was Prof J Peires from the Walter Sisulu University, who spoke on the subject of “Using Oral Traditions in the Writing of History: a Review of the Methodology Evolved out of International Best Practice”. On the second day, the guest speaker was Ms Pumla Madiba from the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Culture, Religious and Linguistic Communities, and her paper dealt with the difficult issue of “Orality and the Conservation of Memory”. On the final day of the confe- rence, the guest speaker, Prof Lungisile Ntsebeza from the University of Cape Town, delivered a paper on “Land Rights of Rural Women in South Africa: Do They Have a Voice?”. Ms Mandy Gilder, acting archivist of the National Archives of South Africa, presented an informative paper on “The UNESCO Heritage”, and three students from the Chief Ampie Mayisa High School, namely D Madida, E Mabuza and M Ntshlintshali, gave a presen- tation on “Community History Writing: Lessons, Issues and Concerns of Chief Ampie Mayisa High School History Students”. The latter testifies to the concern for and dedication towards training learners in the skills of oral history. In this and the following conferences, space was made available for learners who were trained in preparation for the conference and who presen- ted their papers on oral history projects. During this conference – which was the 5th OHASA Conference – no less than 44 papers were read, of which 6 are published here, based on the availability of the manuscripts. In 2009, the 6th OHASA Conference was held in the Cape Province from 13 to 16 October at the River Club in Observatory, Cape Town. The theme was The Politics of Collecting and Curating Voices. An array of key- note players in arts and culture were involved in the welcoming ceremony, with the Minister of Arts and Culture, Lulu Xingwana, taking the lead. Also participating was Paul Mashatile, the Deputy Minister of Arts and Culture, Sakkie Jenner, the MEC for Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape, and Dan Plato, the Executive Mayor of Cape Town. A final word of welcome to the attendees came from Prof Sekhothe Mokgaotsana from the University of Limpopo, who was the then chairperson of OHASA. The guest speaker was Prof Phil Bonner from the History Workshop of the University of the Witwatersrand, a veteran in oral history research in South Africa. Closing reflections were made on the last day by Prof Sean Field from the Centre for Popular Memory at the University of Cape Town. At this conference, 36 papers were delivered, 11 of which are published here – once again subject to the availability of the manuscripts. In recent years the number of speakers and attendees at the OHASA conferences has doubled and tripled. The papers published here testify to the fact that oral history in South Africa has come of age and that relevant oral history projects have been established all over the country. It is a milestone in the history of OHASA that these papers can be published. A final word of thanks must go to the Department of Arts and Culture for making this possi- ble financially. Prof Christina Landman Editor Research Institute for Theology and Religion University of South Africa Oral testimonies by former members of the Azanian National Youth Unity (AZANYU): The sayable and unsayable in an oral history interview1 Tshepo Moloi “Local Histories and Present Realities” Programme, University of the Witwatersrand Introduction In this paper I shall reflect on the oral testimonies by former members of AZANYU in Thembisa Township, in the East Rand, South Africa. They provide a rare view to the “hidden histories and untold stories” about the role played by former members of AZANYU in the struggle for liberation in the 1980s and early 1990s. In this paper I will contend that the primary reason for the under-documentation2 (ie hidden history or untold story) of the role of AZANYU in the struggle against apartheid lies in the reluctance, if not out- right refusal, by the former members of AZANYU to be interviewed about their activities and about their organisation’s history.
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