A Statistical Comparison of the Physical Features of the Zulu
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A Short History of Amabhele
A Short History of AmaBhele As a clan, amaBhele have a long and vast history, which links them to other various Nguni language-speaking groups who are understood to have once lived in the central African region many centuries ago before they set on a long southward migration until they eventually settled along the east coast of what is now known as South Africa. This discussion serves as a short summary of this vast history. The main emphasis is on the period from the late 1700s and early-to-mid- 1800s when the clan was divided (or got separated) into numerous sections thereafter; and highlights how they were differently affected by the course of history from that period. As is customary with other Nguni clans, amaBhele got their clan name from one particular ‘Bhele’ who lived approximately four centuries ago. Not much information is known about ‘Bhele’ himself - except that the members of “Bhele’s” family later became known as amaBhele, and that they later grew and expanded to become a large clan. It is to the same ‘Bhele’ that abakwaNtshangase (distinct from Ntshangase/Mgazi), abakwaKhuboni and abakwaShabangu, respectively, also trace their descent. The circumstances around which these three above-mentioned sections separated from their parent clan, amaBhele, are not known. It is probably that there are other surnames that also historically derived from amaBhele (or ‘Bhele’). But for the purposes of this brief summary only these three are mentioned at this point because information concerning them is easy to verify and trace through a careful analysis of the information obtained from traditional African oral history pending a more in-depth inquiry. -
Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 168 SO 028 325 AUTHOR Warnsley, Johnnye R. TITLE Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future. A Curriculum Unit. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (South Africa). INSTITUTION Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 77p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Studies; *Apartheid; Black Studies; Foreign Countries; Global Education; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; Peace; *Racial Discrimination; *Racial Segregation; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS African National Congress; Mandela (Nelson); *South Africa ABSTRACT This curriculum unit is designed for students to achieve a better understanding of the South African society and the numerous changes that have recently, occurred. The four-week unit can be modified to fit existing classroom needs. The nine lessons include: (1) "A Profile of South Africa"; (2) "South African Society"; (3) "Nelson Mandela: The Rivonia Trial Speech"; (4) "African National Congress Struggle for Justice"; (5) "Laws of South Africa"; (6) "The Pass Laws: How They Impacted the Lives of Black South Africans"; (7) "Homelands: A Key Feature of Apartheid"; (8) "Research Project: The Liberation Movement"; and (9)"A Time Line." Students readings, handouts, discussion questions, maps, and bibliography are included. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 00 I- 4.1"Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future" A Curriculum Unit HERE SHALL watr- ALL 5 HALLENTOEQUALARTiii. 41"It AFiacAPLAYiB(D - Wad Lli -WIr_l clal4 I.4.4i-i PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (4.)L.ct.0-Aou-S TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Johnnye R. -
Language Policy: Legal Aid South Africa
130 No. 40733 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 31 MARCH 2017 GENERAL NOTICES • ALGEMENE KENNISGEWINGS Board / Raad/ Board / Raad BOARD / RAAD NOTICE 244 OF 2017 244 Constitution of the Republic of South Afric (108/1996): Legal Aid South Africa: Language Policy 40733 Pv'\ Legal Aid A/ South Africa Your voice. For justice. Independent and within reach. LANGUAGE POLICY TERMS OF REFERENCE Initiated By: Approved By: Date Approved: Version Number: Malebogo Mahape- Board 30 July 2016 Version 1 Marimo: CE Janeske Botes: Board 26 November 2016 Version 2 A/CE This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 1 | P a g e Final Legal Aid SA Language Policy STAATSKOERANT, 31 MAART 2017 No. 40733 131 PV'\..LegalAid A/ South Africa Your voice. For justice. Independent and within reach. LEGAL AID SOUTH AFRICA: LANGUAGE POLICY 1. Introduction 1.1. South Africa is a multilingual country and Section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No. 108 of 1996) grants official language status to 11 languages, namely Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa and isiZulu. 1.2. There is increased awareness of the need to intensify efforts to develop the previously marginalised indigenous languages and to promote multilingualism. 1.3. The Use of Official Languages Act, 2012 (Act No. 12 of 2012) strives to give effect to the constitutional obligation of multilingualism. This Act requires that every national department, national public entity and national public enterprise must adopt a language policy and establish language units. 1.4. Legal Aid South Africa has a constitutional mandate and a legislative mandate (Legal Aid South Africa Act (39 of 2014)) to provide legal representation to persons at state expense, to provide legal aid and legal advice and to provide education and information concerning legal rights and obligations. -
Documentary Photographs (In Order of Appearance)
Documentary Photographs (in order of appearance) Teacher and students in one room during Apartheid education. Digital image. Strife. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://strifeblog.org/2014/03/04/diary-of-a-teacher- reflections-of-a-south-african-mp-on-education-during-apartheid/ Westfield Primary School girls’ volleyball team. Digital image. Westfield Primary School. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.westfieldsprimary.co.za/ourschool.html Mine in South Africa. Digital image. History Revived. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://historyrevived.blogspot.com/2014/01/voting-rights-and-imperialism-in- boer.html South African workers. Digital image. Learning for Peace. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://learningforpeace.unicef.org/resources/joint-message-from-unesco-undp- unicef-ilo-and-education-international-on-the-occasion-of-world-teachers-day-5- october-2011/ Traditional Xhosa people. Digital image. Gallery Ezakwantu. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20Xhosa%20Van%20Vasco%20da%20Gam a%20van%20Blommenstein%201904%201905%20at%20Mbiza%20Transkei.jpg San cave painting. Digital image. Bradshaw Foundation. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/rari/page6.php Teacher and students during Bantu Education. Digital image. Afristock. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.afristock.com/galleries/1985Oneclassroomschool.jpg Kollwitz, Kathe. “Never Again War.” Digital image. Minooka Tap. 1924. Accessed October 10, 2015. https://minookatap.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/bantu-ed- act.jpg Students protest unequal education. Digital image. Ground Up. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://groundup.org.za/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/field/image/E EMarch31Oct-0.jpg?itok=8B6YNt3i South African Department of Education logo. Digital image. Department of Education in South Africa. -
The Use of the Augment in Nguni Languages with Special Reference to the Referentiality of the Noun Eva-Marie Bloom Ström & Matti Miestamo
[Draft, August 2020; to appear in Lutz Marten, Rozenn Guérois, Hannah Gibson & Eva-Marie Bloom-Ström (eds), Morphosyntactic Variation in Bantu. Oxford: Oxford University Press.] The use of the augment in Nguni languages with special reference to the referentiality of the noun Eva-Marie Bloom Ström & Matti Miestamo Abstract This chapter examines the use of the augment, a prefix preceding the noun class prefix, in a number of language varieties in the Nguni subgroup of Bantu languages. The study of these closely related varieties, which show striking similarities as well as differences in the use of the augment, gives new insights into developmental tendencies of the augment. All contexts in which the augment can be omitted are non-fact contexts. Contrary to what has previously been argued for some varieties, however, we find that the presence vs. absence of the augment does not mark a referentiality distinction. It is argued that referentiality constitutes a semantic and pragmatic explanation to the absence and presence of the augment in different contexts in a diachronic perspective, but that this function is eroded in present-day Nguni. What remains is a limited referentiality distinction for some speakers in some varieties. The loss of function explains why the augment is included in the noun in nearly all contexts in some varieties, and omitted everywhere in others. Due to its loss of function, the augment has become free to participate in sociolinguistic and stylistic variation in some Bantu languages. Key-words: negation, non-fact, referentiality, augment, morphosyntax, Nguni 1. Introduction The aim of this paper is to explore the connection between the use of a nominal prefix in Bantu referred to as the augment1 and (non-)referentiality, such as has been claimed to exist in Swati: 2 (1) a. -
The Third War of Dispossession and Resistance in the Cape of Good Hope Colony, 1799–1803
54 “THE WAR TOOK ITS ORIGINS IN A MISTAKE”: THE THIRD WAR OF DISPOSSESSION AND RESISTANCE IN THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE COLONY, 1799–1803 Denver Webb, University of Fort Hare1 Abstract The early colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland, such as the 1799–1803 war, have not received as much attention from military historians as the later wars. This is unexpected since this lengthy conflict was the first time the British army fought indigenous people in southern Africa. This article revisits the 1799–1803 war, examines the surprisingly fluid and convoluted alignments of participants on either side, and analyses how the British became embroiled in a conflict for which they were unprepared and for which they had little appetite. It explores the micro narrative of why the British shifted from military action against rebellious Boers to fighting the Khoikhoi and Xhosa. It argues that in 1799, the British stumbled into war through a miscalculation – a mistake which was to have far-reaching consequences on the Cape’s eastern frontier and in western Xhosaland for over a century. Introduction The eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland (emaXhoseni) have received considerable attention from historians. For reasons mostly relating to the availability of source material, the later wars are better known than the earlier ones. Thus the War of Hintsa (1834–35), the War of the Axe (1846–47), the War of Mlanjeni (1850–53) and the War of Ngcayecibi (1877–78) have received far more coverage by contemporaries and subsequently by historians than the eighteenth-century conflicts.2 The first detailed examination of Scientia Militaria, South African the 1799–1803 conflict, commonly known as Journal of Military Studies, Vol the Third Frontier War or third Cape–Xhosa 42, Nr 2, 2014, pp. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
The Experience of Negotiating Sexual and Cultural Identity for Young- Adults in Durban Erin Schaff SIT Study Abroad
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2010 “It’s a White People Thing”: The Experience of Negotiating Sexual and Cultural Identity for Young- Adults in Durban Erin Schaff SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons Recommended Citation Schaff, Erin, "“It’s a White People Thing”: The Experience of Negotiating Sexual and Cultural Identity for Young-Adults in Durban" (2010). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 851. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/851 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “IT’S A WHITE PEOPLE THING”: THE EXPERIENCE OF NEGOTIATING SEXUAL AND CULTURAL IDENTITY FOR YOUNG-ADULTS IN DURBAN Erin Schaff Advised by Dr. Thembisa Waetjen, UKZN. School for International Training South Africa: Social and Political Transformation Spring 2010 Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………..........2 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………5 Paper Structure…………………………………………………………………………….6 Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………7 -
The Ghost of Shaka Zulu: Using a List Experiement to Measure Xenophobia in South Africa
Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies Volume 27 Article 7 1-1-2010 The Ghost of Shaka Zulu: Using a List Experiement to Measure Xenophobia in South Africa Kennard Noyes Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sigma Recommended Citation Noyes, Kennard (2010) "The Ghost of Shaka Zulu: Using a List Experiement to Measure Xenophobia in South Africa," Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies: Vol. 27 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sigma/vol27/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Ghost of Shaka Zulu: Using a List Experiment to Measure Xenophobia in South Africa by Kennard Noyes Introduction Shaka Zulu's reign of bloody supremacy over the part of South Africa that is now Kwazulu Natal was characterized by ruthless domination of neighboring tribes and cultures. Although his reign was cut short when he was murdered in 1829, his legacy of ethnocentrism and antagonism to outsiders has continued to haunt South Africa. Indeed, strife between tribes and cultures has been a tragic characterization of each stage of South Africa's history from the times of colonization by the British and the Dutch Voortrekkers to the injustices of apartheid and the modem waves of xenophobic violence. The internal strife of the "rainbow nation" has made it the proving ground for legendary humanitarians such as Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. -
South Africa in the Global Imaginary: an Introduction
South Africa in the Global Imaginary: An Introduction Leon de Kock English, South Africa 1. The Elements in Play What I want to write about is the penetration, expansion, skir- mishing, coupling, mixing, separation, regrouping of peoples and cultures—the glorious bastardisation of men and women mutually shaped by sky and rain and wind and soil....Andeverywhereis exile; we tend to forget that now. The old ground disappears, ex- propriated by blood as new conflicting patterns emerge. Breyten Breytenbach, Dog Heart, Introductions to South African literary culture conceived as an entity have a peculiar trademark: They apologize for attempting to do the impossible 1 and then go ahead anyway. This gesture, ranging from rhetorical genu- flection to anxious self-examination to searing critique of others who have dared to undertake what should not be attempted lightly, reveals a signifi- cant fault line in the field of South African literary studies, although field is a problematic metaphor here, like almost every other metaphor one cares to use. Literary ‘‘fields’’—entities, groupings—require some reason other than the mere convenience of geography for their existence: they need mini- mal convergence in the domains of origin, language, culture, history, and nationalism (contested or not) to become, in some sense, cohesive and inter- referential. But in the South African case each of these domains fragments . See, for example, Gray (: ); Van Wyk Smith (: i–iii); Chapman (: xx); Wade (: –); and Jolly and Attridge (: ). Poetics Today : (Summer ). Copyright © by the Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics. Downloaded from http://read.dukeupress.edu/poetics-today/article-pdf/22/2/263/458140/22.2de_kock01.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 264 Poetics Today 22:2 into heterogeneity the moment one looks more closely at the literary ob- jects at hand. -
Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa╎s
Journal of Dispute Resolution Volume 2019 Issue 1 Article 16 2019 Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Benjamin Zinkel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/jdr Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons Recommended Citation Benjamin Zinkel, Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation, 2019 J. Disp. Resol. (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/jdr/vol2019/iss1/16 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Dispute Resolution by an authorized editor of University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Zinkel: Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Benjamin Zinkel* I. INTRODUCTION South Africa and the United States are separated geographically, ethnically, and culturally. On the surface, these two nations appear very different. Both na- tions are separated by nearly 9,000 miles1, South Africa is a new democracy, while the United States was established over two hundred years2 ago, the two nations have very different climates, and the United States is much larger both in population and geography.3 However, South Africa and the United States share similar origins and histories. Both nations have culturally and ethnically diverse populations. Both South Africa and the United States were founded by colonists, and both nations instituted slavery.4 In the twentieth century, both nations discriminated against non- white citizens. -
CONTINUITY and CHANGE in CISXEI CHIFZSHIP by J. B. Peires the Conventional Wisdom of South African Ethnologists, Whether Liberal
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN CISXEI CHIFZSHIP by J. B. Peires The conventional wisdom of South African ethnologists, whether liberal or conservative, has been dominated by the idea that African polities operated according to certain fixed rules (tlcustomsw)which were hallowed by tradition and therefore never chaaged. (1) A corolla-ry of this is that, if these rules could be correctly identified and fairly applied, everyone would be satisfied and chiefship could perhaps be saved. (2) It is, however, fairly well established that genealogies are often falsified, that new rules are coined and old rules bent to accommodate changing configurations of power, and that "age-old" customs may turn out to be fairly recent innovations; in short, that "organisational ideas do not directly control action, but only the interpretation of actionr1.(3) This conventional wisdom was successfully challenged by Comaroff in an important article, Itchiefship in a South African Homelandt1,which demonstrated that, by adhering too closely to the formal features of traditional government and politics among the Tswana, especially those concerning succession, the Government wrecked the political processes which had enabled the 'Pswam to choose the most suitable candidate as chief. (4) And yet Comarofffs article begs a good many questions. Let us imagine that the Government ethnologists read the article, and as a result allow Tswana chiefs to compete for office as before, permitting flconsultativedecision-making and participation in executive processes". (5) Would this prevent the Tswana chiefship from dying? Can we, in fact, discuss chiefship in political terms alone without considering whether the material conditions in which it flourished still exist? The present article will attempt to situate the question of chiefship in a somewhat wider framework than that usually provided by administrative theory or transactional analysis.