EL001 Northern Lights - Receiving and permanent storage of CO2 Plan for development, installation and operation Part II - Impact Assessment October 2019 Document version translated from Norwegian original Northern Lights – Receiving and permanent storage of CO2 Northern Lights – Receiving and permanent storage of CO2 Preface Gassnova SF (Gassnova) is Norway’s enterprise for CCS – carbon capture and storage – and is responsible for implementing concept studies and front-end engineering of the Norwegian full-scale CCS project. In June 2017, Gassnova awarded Equinor ASA (then Statoil) the assignment to study potential locations for an onshore facility for receiving, intermediate storage and further pipeline transport of CO2 for permanent storage under the seabed on the continental shelf. Equinor’s scope of work was expanded in the autumn of 2017 to also include studying and planning a solution for ship transport of liquid CO2 from carbon capture players in Eastern Norway (Fortum Oslo Varme from the waste-to-energy facility at Klemetsrud in Oslo, and the Norcem cement plant in Brevik) to the onshore terminal in western Norway. Storage of CO2 on the continental shelf is subject to the “Regulations relating to exploitation of subsea reservoirs on the continental shelf for storage of CO₂ and relating to transportation of CO₂ on the continental shelf" (the CO2 Storage Regulations). The study and planning work includes preparing a Plan for Development and Operation (PDO) and a Plan for Installation and Operation (PIO), with associated impact assessment (IA) for the storage part of the full-scale CCS project. Pursuant to the provisions of the CO2 Storage Regulations, ship transport of CO2 is not covered by the IA, PDO and PIO requirements. In October 2017, Equinor signed a partnership agreement with A/S Norske Shell (Shell) and Total E&P Norge AS (Total), which meant that Shell and Total would join as equal partners, while Equinor will lead the project. The Ministry of Petroleum and Energy stipulated the study programme for the IA for Northern Lights in a letter dated 13 August 2019. The present impact assessment has been prepared by Equinor on behalf of the partners. Shell and Total have contributed with quality assurance of the impact assessment. Submission of the PDO and PIO is planned for the spring of 2020, after conducting consultation and processing of the statements concerning the impact assessment. Equinor ASA hereby submits the impact assessment for Northern Lights for public consultation and comment. The consultation bodies are hereby given an opportunity to assess the current description of the environmental and social effects the development may have, including identified mitigating actions. As of 4 October 2019, work on the impact assessment has been concluded. Any changes with regard to licences and permits after this date are not reflected or taken into consideration in the document. The document is, however, up to date as regards the latest developments concerning the London Protocol and export of CO2. The parties to the London Protocol reached agreement on Friday, 11 October 2019 to allow temporary use of the amendment to the Protocol from 2009, which allows export of CO2 for storage purposes. The partners have developed a website for the Northern Lights project (English only), see https://northernlightsccs.com/ and https://northernlightsccs.eu/ Equinor, 21 October 2019 Sverre Overå Project Director, Northern Lights Northern Lights – Receiving and permanent storage of CO2 Abbreviations and terms A AIS Automatic Identification System N ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable (risk NH3 Ammonia reduction principle) Nm / nm nautical mile (= 1852 metres) ASD Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs NNSN Norwegian National Seismic Network AUV Autonomous Underwater Vehicle NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies B NOROG Norwegian Oil and Gas Association Barg gauge pressure (overpressure) NOx Nitrogen oxides BAT Best Available Techniques BOP Blow-out preventer O BTA Gross area NPD Norwegian Petroleum Directorate BOV Decision to Continue OD Outer diameter (ytre diameter) MPE Ministry of Petroleum and Energy C Opex Operating Expenditure (Driftskostnad) Capex Capital Expenditure (Investeringskostnader) OSPAR Oslo and Paris Convention for the Protection of CCS CO capture and storage the Marine Environment of the North-East 2 Atlantic CO2 Carbon dioxide CH4 Methane P PIO Plan for Installation and Operation PBA Planning and Building Act D PCO Pipeline Commissioning (previously RFO) DG Decision Gate (beslutningspunkt) PLEM Pipeline end module (rørlednings endemodul) DSB Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection PLONOR Pose Little or No Risk to the Environment DP Dynamic positioning PRM Permanent Reservoir Monitoring DFU Defined hazard and accident situations PSA Petroleum Safety Authority Norway DWT Deadweight tonnes (dødvekttonn) ppm parts per million PSD Process Shut Down (prosessnedstengning) E PSV Pressure Safety Valve (trykksikringsventil) PDO Plan for Development and Operation EL Exploitation licence (utnyttelsestillatelse) ESD Emergency shut down (nødavstengning) R F RVA Risk and vulnerability analysis FAR Fatal Accident Rate ROV Remote Operated Vehicle (fjernstyrt undervanns- Fm. Formation fartøy) H S HAZID Hazard Identification (Fareidentifikasjon) SOx Sulphur oxides HAZOP Hazard and Operability (Fare- og installasjons- SVO Especially valuable and vulnerable areas /driftsanalyse) HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling (retningsboring) HIPPS High Integrity Pressure Protection System T HSE Health, safety and the environment APA Awards in Predefined Areas TRA Total Risk Analysis I TSS Traffic Separation Scheme IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health IMO International Maritime Organisation U IPPC Integrated pollution prevention control UHF Ultra High Frequency ISPS International Ship and Port Facility Security Code V K VHF Very High Frequency KLD Ministry of Climate and Environment VSD Variable Speed Drive (hastighetsregulator) KMD Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation IA Impact assessment KW Kilowatt (thousand watt) KWh Kilowatt hour (one kilowatt hour) Å AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic M MEG Monoethylene glycol Mt Megatonne (= million tonnes) MSL Mean Sea Level (middelvannnivå) MW Megawatt (1000 kilowatt = 1 million watt) MWh Megawatt hour Northern Lights – Receiving and permanent storage of CO2 List of figures Figure 1-1 Illustration of overall value chain for CO2 capture, transport and storage in Norway. CO2 transport and storage is part of Equinor’s scope of responsibility (grey). ..................................................................... 24 Figure 2-1 Location of the Smeaheia area east of the Troll field. .................................................................. 32 Figure 2-2 Transition from liquid to gaseous phase, and relative volume expansion at lower density (kg/m3) as a result of variable reservoir depth. .......................................................................................................... 34 Figure 2-3 Map of assessed locations for an onshore facility for CO2 storage. Chosen location indicated in red. ................................................................................................................................................................ 37 Figure 2-4 Alternative pipeline corridors to Smeaheia (orange) and the Johansen Formation (purple). Existing gas pipelines (red), oil pipelines (green) and cables (grey). .......................................................................... 41 Figure 2-5 Alternative route corridors for the pipeline (solid orange line) and umbilical (broken black line) from an onshore facility in Naturgassparken (black square) on land. The thick orange line shows the existing Mongstad Gas Pipeline which was considered for possible reuse. ............................................................... 42 Figure 2-6 Chosen route for pipeline (orange line) from Naturgassparken to the injection well and chosen route for umbilical (black line) from Oseberg A to the injection well. Existing gas pipelines (red) and oil pipelines (green). The baseline is indicated by the broken line near the coast. ............................................ 45 Figure 2-7 Left: Alternative sea deposit sites in Ljøsøysundet outside rock deposit site. Right: deepwater deposit site in Hjeltefjorden. Alternative solutions and maps prepared by Multiconsult. ............................... 46 Figure 3-1 Announced acreage for applications for award of an exploitation licence is shown with a blue outline. ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 3-2 Phase diagram for CO2. ............................................................................................................... 53 Figure 3-3 Planned ship for transport of liquid CO2 ....................................................................................... 54 Figure 3-4 Overview map of Hjeltefjorden and Fedjeosen. Naturgassparken is indicated in red. ................. 56 Figure 3-5 Naturgassparken, facility for receiving and intermediate storage of CO2 is planned in an area within the red oval on Ljøsøyna. Photo (May 2015) was obtained from www.norgeibilder.no ................................ 57 Figure 3-6 Overview of planned development of receiving facility with quay and depositing of blasting rock in Ljøsøysundet. Deposit site for