DOCSLIB.ORG

Supporting Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supporting Information Supporting Information Brusatte et al. 10.1073/pnas.1600140113 SI Text then analyzed under traditional tree bisection and reconnection branch swapping, which aims to more fully explore each tree SI Materials and Methods island. Zero-length branches were collapsed following Rule 1 of T. euotica was added to the phylogenetic dataset of Brusatte Coddington and Scharff (47). et al. (33), the latest iteration of the Theropod Working Group Strict consensus topologies were constructed for each analysis dataset, which includes 853 characters scored for 153 taxa. A few after exclusion of five wildcard taxa: Kinnareemimus, Epiden- other changes to the dataset were made: (i) Incisivosaurus, Guan- drosaurus, Pyroraptor, Hesperonychus,andLimenavis (see ref. 33). long, Dilong, Alioramus, Daspletosaurus,andTyrannosaurus were The degree of support for individual clades was assessed in two scored as state 1 for character 7. (ii) Sinraptor was scored as state 1 ways: Bremer support values (= decay indices, the number of extra for character 18; and (iii) Xiongguanlong was scored as state 1 for steps required for the clade to fall apart in the strict consensus of less character 609. The complete dataset is provided in Dataset S1. optimal topologies) and jackknife percentages (the percent of trees Three separate phylogenetic analyses were run, differing only which includes the clade in question recovered in a jackknife anal- in how T. euotica was scored: (i) based on the holotypic braincase ysis, with 36% character removal probability and 500 replicates). only, (ii) based on the referred specimens described by Aver- We note that, because of the large size of our dataset and the iii ianov and Sues (9) only, and ( ) based on the holotypic brain- capabilities of the software, the number of most parsimonious case and the referred specimens. trees that we find hits the memory limit in TNT v. 1.1. This has In each case, the dataset was analyzed with equally weighted parsimony in the phylogenetic program TNT v. 1.1 (46). Fol- minimal effect on our results, however, as the large number of lowing previous TWiG protocol, the outgroup Allosaurus was MPTs is primarily due to the many (often incomplete) dromaeo- used to root the tree. Because of the large size of the dataset, a saurids, troodontids, and basal avialans included in the dataset. heuristic search strategy was necessary. First, the data matrix was When only the tyrannosauroids and outgroups are analyzed, a analyzed under the “New Technology” search options, using small number of MPTs are found (e.g., six for the dataset in which sectorial search, ratchet, tree drift, and tree fuse options with the braincase and other bones are analyzed together), which are default parameters. The minimum length tree (=most parsimo- consistent with the strict consensus of the 99,999 MPTs from the nious tree, MPT) was found in 10 replicates; a procedure sam- full analysis (i.e., the Uzbek taxon is found to be an intermediate- ples as many tree islands as possible. The generated trees were grade tyrannosauroid). Brusatte et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1600140113 1of5 Fig. S1. Holotypic braincase of T. euotica (ZIN PH 1146/16). (A) Posterior view. (B) Anteroventral view. (C) Right lateral view. (D) Left lateral view. (E) Dorsal view. (F) Ventral view. Brusatte et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1600140113 2of5 Fig. S2. CT reconstructions of the holotypic braincase of T. euotica (ZIN PH 1146/16). (A) Posterior view. (B) Right lateral view. (C) Anterior view. (D) Left lateral view. (E) Dorsal view. (F) Ventral view. Endocast in (G) anterior view, (H) posterior view, (I) right lateral view, (J) left lateral view, (K) dorsal view, and (L) ventral view. Fig. S3. Left inner ear of the holotypic braincase of T. euotica (ZIN PH 1146/16). (A) Left lateral view of skull with ear in situ. (B) Lateral view. (C) Medial view. (D) Anterior view. (E) Posterior view. (F) Dorsal view. (G) Ventral view. Brusatte et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1600140113 3of5 Fig. S4. Referred partial braincase (fragment of the right side of the braincase) of T. euotica (ZIN PH 854/16). (A) Right lateral view. (B) Medial view. (C) Ventral view. Abbreviations are as follows: bsr, basisphenoid recess; ec, endocranial cavity; fl, flocculus; fm, foramen magnum; fv, fenestra vestibuli; oc, occipital condyle; or, otic recess; pp, preotic pendant; ptr, posterior tympanic recess; vf, vagal foramen. Roman numerals designate cranial nerves. A B Allosaurus and outgroups Allosaurus and outgroups Tanycolagreus Tanycolagreus 1/<50 Coelurus 1/70 Coelurus 1/<50 Kileskus 1/<50 Kileskus 1/<50 Proceratosaurus 1/56 Proceratosaurus 1/<50 Sinotyrannus 1/56 Sinotyrannus Guanlong Guanlong 1/60 Timurlengia euotica auroidea 1/80 Dilong Juratyrant s 1/<50 no Juratyrant Eotyrannus an 1/<50 Eotyrannus 1/<50 1/<50 Tyrannosauroidea Dilong Tyr 1/82 Timurlengia euotica Xiongguanlong Xiongguanlong 1/51 Dryptosaurus 1/<50 Dryptosaurus 1/85 Appalachiosaurus 1/<50 Appalachiosaurus Bistahieversor 1/<50 1/<50 Bistahieversor Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus 1/57 2/97 ia 1/65 Albertosaurus r 1/55 1/67 2/96 Albertosaurus Tyrannosauridae Alioramus Tyrannosauridae Alioramus 1/54 Teratophoneus 1/55 Teratophoneus 1/74 Daspletosaurus 1/74 Coelurosauria Daspletosaurus Coelurosau 2/99 Tarbosaurus 2/99 Tarbosaurus 5/100 Tyrannosaurus 5/100 Tyrannosaurus Other coelurosaurs Other coelurosaurs Fig. S5. Results of phylogenetic analyses to determine the placement of T. euotica (ZIN PH 1146/16). (A) Strict consensus of 99,999 most parsimonious trees (length = 3,364, consistency index = 0.322, retention index = 0.777) recovered from cladistic analysis in which T. euotica is scored based on the holotypic braincase only. (B) Strict consensus of 99,999 most parsimonious trees (length = 3,364, consistency index = 0.322, retention index = 0.777) recovered from cladistic analysis in which Timurlengia is scored based only on the series of referred specimens described by Averianov and Sues (9). In both cases, numbers next to nodes denote Bremer/jackknife support values. Brusatte et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1600140113 4of5 Other Supporting Information Files Dataset S1 (TXT) Brusatte et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1600140113 5of5.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abstract Book Progeo 2Ed 20
    Abstract Book BUILDING CONNECTIONS FOR GLOBAL GEOCONSERVATION Editors: G. Lozano, J. Luengo, A. Cabrera Internationaland J. Vegas 10th International ProGEO online Symposium ABSTRACT BOOK BUILDING CONNECTIONS FOR GLOBAL GEOCONSERVATION Editors Gonzalo Lozano, Javier Luengo, Ana Cabrera and Juana Vegas Instituto Geológico y Minero de España 2021 Building connections for global geoconservation. X International ProGEO Symposium Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Instituto Geológico y Minero de España 2021 Lengua/s: Inglés NIPO: 836-21-003-8 ISBN: 978-84-9138-112-9 Gratuita / Unitaria / En línea / pdf © INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA Ríos Rosas, 23. 28003 MADRID (SPAIN) ISBN: 978-84-9138-112-9 10th International ProGEO Online Symposium. June, 2021. Abstracts Book. Editors: Gonzalo Lozano, Javier Luengo, Ana Cabrera and Juana Vegas Symposium Logo design: María José Torres Cover Photo: Granitic Tor. Geosite: Ortigosa del Monte’s nubbin (Segovia, Spain). Author: Gonzalo Lozano. Cover Design: Javier Luengo and Gonzalo Lozano Layout and typesetting: Ana Cabrera 10th International ProGEO Online Symposium 2021 Organizing Committee, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España: Juana Vegas Andrés Díez-Herrero Enrique Díaz-Martínez Gonzalo Lozano Ana Cabrera Javier Luengo Luis Carcavilla Ángel Salazar Rincón Scientific Committee: Daniel Ballesteros Inés Galindo Silvia Menéndez Eduardo Barrón Ewa Glowniak Fernando Miranda José Brilha Marcela Gómez Manu Monge Ganuzas Margaret Brocx Maria Helena Henriques Kevin Page Viola Bruschi Asier Hilario Paulo Pereira Carles Canet Gergely Horváth Isabel Rábano Thais Canesin Tapio Kananoja Joao Rocha Tom Casadevall Jerónimo López-Martínez Ana Rodrigo Graciela Delvene Ljerka Marjanac Jonas Satkünas Lars Erikstad Álvaro Márquez Martina Stupar Esperanza Fernández Esther Martín-González Marina Vdovets PRESENTATION The first international meeting on geoconservation was held in The Netherlands in 1988, with the presence of seven European countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    Index Figures are shown in italic font, tables in bold Acrodontinae 99, 101–102 Buddha’s cortege 245 Actinopterygii 127, 130 burial temperature 63 adocid 143–144, 147, 148 Adocus [turtle] 166, 167 comparison, Basilochelys 155–158, 163–165 calc-alkaline volcanism 61 amber locality 86,88 calcrete 77 Ameghinichthys [fish] 129 Callialisporites [palynomorph] 72, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81 ammonites 48, 52 Carettochelyidae 166, 167 amphibian remains 2–3 Cathaysia Divide 10–12 anhydrite 70 Cathaysialand 8, 9, 15, 20 Anomoeodus [fish] 136 fauna 12–14 Anomoepodidae 264, 265, 266 flora 16 Anomoepus [ichnofossil] 256, 258, 261, 262–264 Ceno-Tethys 8, 12, 19,20 comparison 264, 265–267 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Ao Min, fish locality 98, 99 (France) 190 apatite 63 Champon Formation 50 Appendicisporites [palynomorph] 76,77 Chelomoidea 166, 167 Araucaria [tree] 85, 88, 92, 93 Chelonia 274, 293 Archaeornithomimus [theropod] 237–240 Chelydridae 166, 167 archosaur trackway 247 chert 18, 20 Argoland 12, 13 Chondrichthyes 98–99 Aruacariacites [palynomorph] 74 Chong Chad, oxygen isotope analysis 272, Asteracanthus [elasmobranch] 99–101 274, 275, 276, 277 comparison 101–102 Chong Chat, fish locality 127, 130, 131, 137 Asterodermus [elasmobranch] 107 Chuiella, distribution of 15 Cicatricosisporites [palynomorph] 75, 76, 77, 79 Cimmerian continent 8, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20 Baenidae 166, 167 Cimmerian Event 44, 46, 47, 51, 64 Ban Khok Sanam locality 272, 274, 276 cladistic analysis Ban Na Khrai, sauropod site 189, 190, 192, 195–214 actinopterygians 130 Ban Na
    [Show full text]
  • New Tyrannosaur from the Mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan Clarifies Evolution of Giant Body Sizes and Advanced Senses in Tyrant Dinosaurs
    Edinburgh Research Explorer New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs Citation for published version: Brusatte, SL, Averianov, A, Sues, H, Muir, A & Butler, IB 2016, 'New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp. 201600140. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600140113 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1073/pnas.1600140113 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Classification: Physical Sciences: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Biological Sciences: Evolution New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs Stephen L. Brusattea,1, Alexander Averianovb,c, Hans-Dieter Suesd, Amy Muir1, Ian B. Butler1 aSchool of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK bZoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full-Text
    Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 6:60-67 60 ISSN 2292-1389 Positional Variation in Pedal Unguals of North American Ornithomimids (Dinosauria, Theropoda): A Response to Brownstein (2017) Bradley McFeeters1*, Michael J. Ryan1,2, and Thomas M. Cullen3 1Dept. Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada; [email protected] 2Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 41106-1767, USA; [email protected] 3Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA; thomas.cullen@ fieldmuseum.org Abstract: Positional variation is documented in ornithomimid pedal unguals from the Dinosaur Park and Horseshoe Canyon Formations of Alberta, Canada, and characters for identifying the position of isolated ornithomimid pedal unguals are discussed. Ungual morphology has been used recently to argue for the coexistence of two distinct ornithomimosaurs, a basal taxon and distinctly more derived taxon, in the Early Cretaceous Arundel Clay of Maryland, USA. However, these conclusions are based on misconceptions of the morphology and positional variability of ornithomimosaur unguals. Some characters previously cited as diagnostic of ornithomimosaur unguals are not actually observed in this clade, or are more homoplastically distributed among theropods. Other characters proposed to distinguish between the two pedal ungual morphs in the Arundel Clay material are shown in the Albertan ornithomimid material to consistently distinguish the dif- ferent ungual positions within the pes of one individual. Claims of multiple distinct ornithomimosaur taxa in the Arundel Clay are premature, as the two pedal ungual morphotypes more likely represent positional variation in a single taxon. INTRODUCTION itional variation in a complete set of unguals from a single pes of the ornithomimid Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis The ornithomimosaur pes is regarded as an important was described and figured.
    [Show full text]
  • Terra Nostra 2018, 1; Mte13
    IMPRINT TERRA NOSTRA – Schriften der GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Publisher Verlag GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung c/o Universität Potsdam, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 27, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)331-977-5789, Fax: +49 (0)331-977-5700 E-Mail: [email protected] Editorial office Dr. Christof Ellger Schriftleitung GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung c/o Universität Potsdam, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 27, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)331-977-5789, Fax: +49 (0)331-977-5700 E-Mail: [email protected] Vol. 2018/1 13th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota (MTE13) Heft 2018/1 Abstracts Editors Thomas Martin, Rico Schellhorn & Julia A. Schultz Herausgeber Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany Editorial staff Rico Schellhorn & Julia A. Schultz Redaktion Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany Printed by www.viaprinto.de Druck Copyright and responsibility for the scientific content of the contributions lie with the authors. Copyright und Verantwortung für den wissenschaftlichen Inhalt der Beiträge liegen bei den Autoren. ISSN 0946-8978 GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung – Potsdam, Juni 2018 MTE13 13th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn,
    [Show full text]
  • ไดโนเสาร์ซอริสเชียนและออร์นิธิสเชียนในประเทศไทย Saurischian and Ornithischian Dinosaurs in Thailand
    Koch Cha Sarn Journal of Science / Vol.38 No.2 July-December 2016 1 ไดโนเสาร์ซอริสเชียนและออร์นิธิสเชียนในประเทศไทย Saurischian and Ornithischian Dinosaurs in Thailand ประวีรณ์ สุพรรณอ่วม1 บทคัดย่อ ไดโนเสาร์เป็นสัตว์เลื้อยคลานโบราณมีชีวิตอยู่ในช่วงมหายุคมีโซโซอิกเมื่อ 225-65 ล้านปีก่อน ในประเทศ ไทยพบไดโนเสาร์เฉพาะถิ่นทั้งหมด 9 ชนิด ในอันดับซอริสเชียพบ 5 ชนิด ได้แก่ อิสานโนซอรัส อรรถวิภัชน์ชิ (Isanosaurus attavapachi) ภูเวียงโกซอรัส สิรินธรเน (Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae) สยามโมไท แรนนัส อีสานเอนซิส (Siamotyrannus isanensis) กินรีมิมัส ขอนแก่น เอนซิส (Kinnareemimus khonkaenensis) และ สยามโมซอรัส สุธีธรนิ (Siamosaurus sueethorni) ส่วนอันดับออร์นิธิสเชียพบ 4 ชนิด ได้แก่ ซิตตะโกซอรัส สัตยารักษ์กิ (Psittacosaurus sattayaraki) สยามโมดอน นิ่มงามอิ (Siamodon nimngami) ราชสีมาซอรัส สุรนารีเอ (Ratchasimasaurus suranareae) และ สิรินธรนา โคราชเอนซิส (Sirindhorna khoratensis) การศึกษาไดโนเสาร์มีประโยชน์ช่วยในการศึกษาเปลี่ยนแปลงของโลก วิวัฒนาการ และการสูญพันธุ์ของสิ่งมีชีวิต ค ำส ำคัญ : ไดโนเสาร์, ซอริสเชีย, ออร์นิธิสเชีย, มีโซโซอิก, ประเทศไทย Abstract Dinosaurs were ancient reptiles that lived in Mesozoic Era 225-65 million years ago. In Thailand, 9 species of endemic dinosaurs were found. Order Saurischia was found 5 species that is Isanosaurus attavapachi, Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae, Siamotyrannus isanensis, Kinnareemimus khonkaenensis and Siamosaurus sueethorni. Order Ornithischia was found 4 species, i.e. Psittacosaurus sattayaraki, Siamodon nimngami, Ratchasimasaurus suranareae and Sirindhorna khoratensis. The studies of dinosaurs are useful
    [Show full text]
  • Maquetación 1
    EARLY CRETACEOUS ORNITHOMIMOSAURS (DINOSAURIA: COELUROSAURIA) FROM AFRICA PAUL C. SERENO Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, U.S.A. Submitted: August 5 th , 2017 - Accepted: October 23 rd , 2017 - Published online: November 1 st , 2017 To cite this article: Paul C. Sereno (2017). Early Cretaceous ornithomimosaurs (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Africa. Ameghiniana 54: 576–616. To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5710/AMGH.23.10.2017.3155 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Also appearing in this issue: Two new taxa unveil the A new ornithomimosaur taxon Murusraptor had a brain morphology previously unrecognized diversity from the Early Cretaceous of Niger similar to tyrannosaurids but of Coelophysidae in the Late Triassic and new anatomical data on neurosensorial capabilities of South America. Nqwebasaurus from South Africa. resembling that of allosauroids. ISSN 0002-7014 GONDWANAN PERSPECTIVES AMEGHINIANA - 2017 - Volume 54 (5): 576 – 616 EARLY CRETACEOUS ORNITHOMIMOSAURS (DINOSAURIA: COELUROSAURIA) FROM AFRICA PAUL C. SERENO Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract . A new genus and species of ornithomimosaur, Afromimus tenerensis , is described based on a fragmentary skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) El Rhaz Formation of Niger. The holotype and only known individual preserves caudal vertebrae, chevrons and por - tions of the right hind limb. Derived ornithomimosaurian features include the broad, peanut-shaped articular surfaces of mid caudal centra, parasagittal fossae on mid caudal centra for reception of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra, and a raised, subtriangular platform on the ventral aspect of the pedal phalanges.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing the Relationship Between Paleoenvironments and Three Theropod Clades
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The “χ” of the Matter: Testing the Relationship between Paleoenvironments and Three Theropod Clades Marcos A. F. Sales1*, Marcel B. Lacerda1, Bruno L. D. Horn1,2, Isabel A. P. de Oliveira3¤, Cesar L. Schultz1 1 Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2 Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM), Superintendência Regional de Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 3 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil ¤ Current address: Grupo Ampla, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil * [email protected] Abstract The view of spinosaurs as dinosaurs of semi-aquatic habits and strongly associated with marginal and coastal habitats are deeply rooted in both scientific and popular knowledge, but it was never statistically tested. Inspired by a previous analysis of other dinosaur clades OPEN ACCESS and major paleoenvironmental categories, here we present our own statistical evaluation of Citation: Sales MAF, Lacerda MB, Horn BLD, de the association between coastal and terrestrial paleoenvironments and spinosaurids, along Oliveira IAP, Schultz CL (2016) The “χ” of the Matter: with other two theropod taxa: abelisaurids and carcharodontosaurids. We also included a Testing the Relationship between Paleoenvironments and Three Theropod Clades. PLoS ONE 11(2): taphonomic perspective and classified the occurrences in categories related to potential e0147031. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147031 biases in order to
    [Show full text]
  • Download a PDF of This Web Page Here. Visit
    Dinosaur Genera List Page 1 of 42 You are visitor number— Zales Jewelry —as of November 7, 2008 The Dinosaur Genera List became a standalone website on December 4, 2000 on America Online’s Hometown domain. AOL closed the domain down on Halloween, 2008, so the List was carried over to the www.polychora.com domain in early November, 2008. The final visitor count before AOL Hometown was closed down was 93661, on October 30, 2008. List last updated 12/15/17 Additions and corrections entered since the last update are in green. Genera counts (but not totals) changed since the last update appear in green cells. Download a PDF of this web page here. Visit my Go Fund Me web page here. Go ahead, contribute a few bucks to the cause! Visit my eBay Store here. Search for “paleontology.” Unfortunately, as of May 2011, Adobe changed its PDF-creation website and no longer supports making PDFs directly from HTML files. I finally figured out a way around this problem, but the PDF no longer preserves background colors, such as the green backgrounds in the genera counts. Win some, lose some. Return to Dinogeorge’s Home Page. Generic Name Counts Scientifically Valid Names Scientifically Invalid Names Non- Letter Well Junior Rejected/ dinosaurian Doubtful Preoccupied Vernacular Totals (click) established synonyms forgotten (valid or invalid) file://C:\Documents and Settings\George\Desktop\Paleo Papers\dinolist.html 12/15/2017 Dinosaur Genera List Page 2 of 42 A 117 20 8 2 1 8 15 171 B 56 5 1 0 0 11 5 78 C 70 15 5 6 0 10 9 115 D 55 12 7 2 0 5 6 87 E 48 4 3
    [Show full text]
  • Diminutive Fleet-Footed Tyrannosauroid Narrows the 70-Million-Year Gap In
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0308-7 OPEN Diminutive fleet-footed tyrannosauroid narrows the 70-million-year gap in the North American fossil record Lindsay E. Zanno 1,2,3, Ryan T. Tucker 4, Aurore Canoville1,2, Haviv M. Avrahami1,2, Terry A. Gates1,2 & 1234567890():,; Peter J. Makovicky 3 To date, eco-evolutionary dynamics in the ascent of tyrannosauroids to top predator roles have been obscured by a 70-million-year gap in the North American (NA) record. Here we report discovery of the oldest Cretaceous NA tyrannosauroid, extending the lineage by ~15 million years. The new taxon—Moros intrepidus gen. et sp. nov.—is represented by a hind limb from an individual nearing skeletal maturity at 6–7 years. With a ~1.2-m limb length and 78-kg mass, M. intrepidus ranks among the smallest Cretaceous tyrannosauroids, restricting the window for rapid mass increases preceding the appearance of colossal eutyrannosaurs. Phylogenetic affinity with Asian taxa supports transcontinental interchange as the means by which iconic biotas of the terminal Cretaceous were established in NA. The unexpectedly diminutive and highly cursorial bauplan of NA’s earliest Cretaceous tyrannosauroids reveals an evolutionary strategy reliant on speed and small size during their prolonged stint as marginal predators. 1 Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11W. Jones, St. Raleigh, NC 27601, USA. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 100 Brooks Ave., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. 3 Section of Earth Sciences, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA. 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinosaur Genera
    DINOSAUR GENERA since: 28-October-1995 / last updated: 29-September-2021 Thank you to George Olshevsky ("Mesozoic Meanderings #3") for the original listing on 23-October-1995 and the help to keep this list current; and also to all the other contributors from the Dinosaur Mailing List. NOW available: d-genera.pdf Genera count = 1742 (including 114 not presently considered to be dinosaurian) [nomen ex dissertatione] = name appears in a dissertation [nomen manuscriptum] = unpublished name in a manuscript for publication [nomen dubium] = name usually based on more than one type specimen [nomen nudum] = name lacking a description and/or a type specimen [nomen oblitum] = name forgotten for at least 50 years [nomen rejectum] = name rejected by the ICZN non = incorrect reference by the first to a name by the second author vide = name attributed to the first author by the second author / = name preoccupied by the second author JOS → Junior Objective Synonym of the indicated genus JSS → Junior Subjective Synonym of the indicated genus PSS → Possible Subjective Synonym of the indicated genus SSS → Suppressed Senior Synonym of the indicated genus • Aardonyx: A.M. Yates, M.F. Bonnan, J. Neveling, A. Chinsamy & M.G. Blackbeard, 2009 • "Abdallahsaurus": G. Maier, 2003 [nomen nudum → Giraffatitan] • Abdarainurus: A.O. Averianov & A.V. Lopatin, 2020 • Abelisaurus: J.F. Bonaparte & F.E. Novas, 1985 • Abrictosaurus: J.A. Hopson, 1975 • Abrosaurus: Ouyang H, 1989 • Abydosaurus: D. Chure, B.B. Britt, J.A. Whitlock & J.A. Wilson, 2010 • Acantholipan: H.E. Rivera-Sylva, E. Frey, W. Stinnesbeck, G. Carbot-Chanona, I.E. Sanchez-Uribe & J.R. Guzmán-Gutiérrez, 2018 • Acanthopholis: T.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information from “Time for a Rethink: Time Sub-Sampling Methods in Disparity-Through-Time Analyses”
    Title Time for a rethink: time sub-sampling methods in disparity- through-time analyses Authors Guillerme, T; Cooper, N Date Submitted 2018-04-24 Supporting Information: S1 Guillerme & Cooper 2018 Supporting Information from “Time for a rethink: time sub-sampling methods in disparity-through-time analyses” APPENDIX S1: ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF DATASETS Beck2014 (Figure A1) The following taxa were removed because they were in the phylogeny but not the character matrix or vice versa: Montanalestes, Lainodon, Kharmerun- gulatum, Alymlestes. Brusatte2014 (Figure A2) We used one randomly selected time-scaled tree from Brusatte et al. (2014). Zero-length branches were replaced with the minimum branch length in the phylogeny. The following taxa were removed because they were in the phylogeny but not the character matrix or vice versa: Sinraptor dongi, Hesperonychus elizabethae, Pyroraptor olympius, Limenavis patagonica, Lithornis, Crypturellus undulatus, Gallus gallus, Crax pauxi, Anas platyrhynchus, Chauna torquata, Epidendrosaurus and Kinnareemimus. The following taxa were removed because they shared no characters in the morphological matrix: Shanag ashile, Atrociraptor marshalli, Proceratosaurus bradleyi, Incisivosaurus gauthieri, Enigmosaurus, Nanshiungosaurus brevispi- nus, Xixiasaurus, Tsaagan mangas, Mirischia, Pedopenna, Suzhousaurus, Ju- ratyrant, Vorona, Bonapartenykus, Teratophoneus, Gobipteryx, Songlingornis, Liaoningornis longidigitu and Achillesaurus. Bapst2016 (Figure A3) We used the maximum clade credibility tree from Bapst et al.
    [Show full text]